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In this White Paper, we present recommendations for the scientific community and funding agencies to foster the infrastructure for a collaborative multi-messenger and time-domain astronomy (MMA/TDA) ecosystem. MMA/TDA is poised for breakthrough discoveries in the coming decade. In much the same way that expanding beyond the optical bandpass revealed entirely new and unexpected discoveries, cosmic messengers beyond light (i.e., gravitational waves, neutrinos, and cosmic rays) open entirely new windows to answer some of the most fundamental questions in (astro)physics: heavy element synthesis, equation of state of dense matter, particle acceleration, etc. This field was prioritized as a frontier scientific pursuit in the 2020 Decadal Survey on Astronomy and Astrophysics via its "New Windows on the Dynamic Universe" theme. MMA/TDA science presents technical challenges distinct from those experienced in other disciplines. Successful observations require coordination across myriad boundaries -- different cosmic messengers, ground vs. space, international borders, etc. -- all for sources that may not be well localized, and whose brightness may be changing rapidly with time. Add that all of this work is undertaken by real human beings, with distinct backgrounds, experiences, cultures, and expectations, that often conflict. To address these challenges and help MMA/TDA realize its full scientific potential in the coming decade (and beyond), the second in a series of community workshops sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and NASA titled "Windows on the Universe: Establishing the Infrastructure for a Collaborative Multi-Messenger Ecosystem" was held on October 16-18, 2023 in Tucson, AZ. Here we present the primary recommendations from this workshop focused on three key topics -- hardware, software, and people and policy. [abridged], Comment: Workshop white paper

Este artículo trata de ofrecer una remirada sobre la metodología sociológica cualitativa hecha en España en los últimos dos o tres lustros. No hay propósito de inventario, sino de perspectiva, de selección muestral «estratégica», de «muestreo teórico» (Glaser y Strauss, 1967) y muestra «estructural» (Ibáñez, 1979). Esto nos ha llevado a recurrir a conceptos ya avanzados en una línea de investigación metodológica, la de trastienda y archivo, compartida en parte con otros colegas (Castillo et al., 2009; Valles et al., 2011; Canales, 2013; Valles, 2015). Los resultados principales son, por un lado, nuevos materiales de trastienda históricobiográfica dentro del proceso (y trasfondo contextual-conceptual) del relevo generacional, y, por otro, nuevas iniciativas de visibilización de prácticas pioneras de archivo, en progreso, en la investigación sociológica cualitativa española. La muestra estratégica de teóricos y practicantes de la metodología cualitativa se ha centrado en sendos casos emblemáticos, tanto para abordar y desarrollar la vertiente conceptual de la trastienda como la correspondiente al archivo. En el primer caso, la iniciativa de homenaje a un maestro por parte de sus seguidores ha servido para explorar y proponer una mirada cualitativa en clave de trastienda intergeneracional. En el segundo caso, la iniciativa de donación del archivo investigador al final de la vida laboral entronca con los nuevos contextos de docencia e investigación en la sociedad digital, y aboga por la reflexión-acción metodológica. El legado de la generación más sénior permite vislumbrar y comprender mejor el aporte de quienes han ido tomando su relevo., Depto. de Sociología: Metodología y Teoría, Fac. de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, TRUE, pub

This paper investigates the deindustrialization process in Germany and Spain from 1995 to 2018. It is argued that the deindustrialization trajectories of each country are partially related to their growth models. An analysis in two steps is conducted. First, using the OECD input-output tables, a Hierarchical Structural Decomposition Analysis is applied, and the variation in the manufacturing value-added share is decomposed into five deindustrialization drivers: income, investment, relative prices, outsourcing and globalization. Second, building on the growth model perspective, an interpretative framework to analyze the evolution of the five abovementioned drivers is presented. The interaction between institutions, aggregate demand and the economic structure is explicitly considered in this framework. The comparative study of the German and Spanish cases and the distinction between the pre- and post-crisis periods illustrates the consequences of the distinct growth models (and the economic policies on which they are grounded) on structural change. The results suggest that the evolution of the deindustrialization drivers (and thus the manufacturing value-added share) in both countries is well-explained by their specific fiscal, labor, and industrial policies., Depto. de Economía Aplicada, Estructura e Historia, Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, TRUE, unpub

This paper estimates the impact of private education on the academic achievement of low-income students in Chile. To deal with selection bias, we use propensity score matching to compare the test scores of reduced-fee paying, low-income students in private voucher schools to those of similar students in public schools and free private voucher schools. Our results reveal that students in fee-charging private voucher schools score slightly higher than students in public schools. The difference in standardized test scores is approximately 10 points, a test score gain of 0.2 standard deviations. We find no difference in the academic achievement of students in the private voucher-fee charging treatment group relative to their counterparts in free private voucher schools. Variables used in the analysis are appended. (Contains 13 tables and 31 footnotes.) [Funding for this research was provided by Fondecyt, the Fulbright Commission, and PBCT-CONICYT Project CIE-05.]

Effects of ethnic/racial diversity among students and faculty on cognitive growth of undergraduate students are estimated via a series of hierarchical linear and multinomial logistic regression models. Using objective measures of compositional, curricular, and interactional diversity based on actuarial course enrollment records of over 6,000 students at a public research university, the study finds no patterns of positive correlation with objective measures of cumulative academic achievement (i.e., final graduating GPA, GRE/GMAT test scores, graduate school enrollment) net of academic preparation at college entry and socio-demographic background, and with or without accounting for academic major, college curricular experience, and financial aid. Results are consistent with student self-assessed level of critical thinking skills after graduation, but not with self-assessed level of understanding of racial and cultural issues, both affective outcomes showing a positive correlation with curricular diversity. As the findings contradict most of the higher education literature on survey-based cognitive benefits of ethnic/racial diversity, the study calls for use of objective measures to advance the research in this area. (Contains 19 tables, 4 graphs and 10 footnotes.)

This paper examines reasons why personnel policy and wage setting differ between traditional public, private, and charter schools and the effects of these policies on academic measures of teacher quality. Survey and administrative data suggest that the regulatory freedom, small size of wage-setting units, and a competitive market environment make pay and personnel practices more market and performance-based in private and charter schools as compared to traditional public schools. These practices, in turn, permit charter and private schools to recruit teachers with better academic credentials as compared to traditional public schools. The primary sources of data in this paper is the 1999-2000 Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS), a representative national survey of schools, districts, principals and teachers conducted regularly by the National Center for Education Statistics of the U.S. Department of Education. An appendix is included. (Contains 2 figures, 9 tables and 8 footnotes.)

The federal government recently enacted its first school voucher program as a pilot project in the District of Columbia. To be eligible, students need to be entering grades K-12 and have a family income at or below 185 percent of the poverty level. Although a rigorous analysis of the Opportunity Scholarship Program's impact on student achievement and other outcomes remains a prospect for the future, at this early point initial data exists regarding the families that are applying for the program and the students that are using and not using the voucher when offered. Here we present a preliminary analysis of those data. We find that program applicants are somewhat disadvantaged relative to non-applicants regarding educational characteristics and family income, and are more likely to be African American, than non-applicants. The fact that the program is means-tested appears to be central to the finding that it is reaching a more disadvantaged population of students. When we examine all students that received a voucher award, and compare the group of voucher users with the group of voucher decliners, we find two significant differences. First, scholarship users are educationally advantaged in important ways relative to scholarship decliners. They are much less likely to have learning or physical disabilities, and younger scholarship users evidence somewhat higher test scores than non-users in similar grades. Second, we find that scholarship non-users are more likely to report that their existing school has various specialized educational programs and more extensive facilities. Although these results suggest some measure of selectivity in the group of actual program participants, the data do not indicate conclusively if that selectivity is a function of the decisions and behavior of participating private schools or the result of the rational decisions of consumers in a newly-expanded education market. (Contains 10 tables and 29 footnotes.)

Ever since the publication of "A Nation At Risk" in 1983, Americans have been preoccupied with two problems regarding public education: (1) student performance is unsatisfactory to most Americans despite large increases in real spending per student; and despite several attempts at reforming curricula, teacher training, testing, and other elements of education; and (2) the nation's schools see a large and persistent gap in scores on standardized tests between white and Asian students on the one hand and black and Hispanics on the other. Reform, however, has been hindered by a deep philosophical divide within the school reform community. On the one hand, the radical "market" reformers believe that public school districts are public monopolies unresponsive to the needs of their "customers" and incapable of change. Members of this group support vouchers, charters, tax credits, etc. On the other hand, the more moderate, "internal" reformers believe that public school districts simply need more support and better management. These advocates generally tend to favor decentralization, public school choice, lower class sizes, increased spending per pupil, etc. Recently, a reform program has emerged that may well lead to some consensus between many members of "both" groups. This reform is Weighted Student Formula (WSF), a system of per-pupil budgeting that is now used in three large North American districts: Edmonton, Seattle, and Houston. In a WSF system, dollars are allocated to each student, and these funds follow the student to the local school. Children with greater needs--be they poor or disabled or non-English speaking--receive a higher allocation, giving schools the ability to provide extra services to these needy students, knowing that the weighted funds will "follow" the student to the school and classroom. Local educators are then given much discretion to determine how best to meet the educational needs of their student population. The purpose of this paper is to: (1) Compare and contrast the WSF systems used in Edmonton, Seattle, and Houston; (2) Highlight how WSF is different from the resource allocation systems used in most urban districts, especially New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles; and (3) Make recommendations about how a district can implement WSF successfully, based on the lessons from Edmonton, Seattle, and Houston. (Contains 10 tables and 4 figures.)

In school finance lawsuits plaintiffs often claim that pay levels are not sufficient to recruit teachers who can deliver constitutionally-mandated levels of educational services. In this paper I consider several ways in which one might bring economic theory and data to bear on that question. I conclude that at present, and at least for the near term, education research cannot prescribe an "adequate" level of school spending on teachers, whether in the form of pay, benefits, or professional training, that can reliability predict a target level of student performance. If courts are predisposed to intervene in this matter, a more reasonable standard for "adequacy" is whether available revenues, when spent in an efficient manner, are sufficient to staff classrooms with appropriately-certified teachers in a flexible licensing regime that satisfies both state and federal teacher quality standards. (Contains 6 figures, 7 tables and 15 endnotes.)

Emma Goldman (1869-1940) is a major figure in the history of radicalism and feminism in the United States. In a period when the expression of controversial ideas was dangerous, Goldman insisted on her right to challenge convention. She was among the most prominent advocates of labor's right to organize, reproductive rights, sexual freedom, freedom of speech, and freedom of the individual. Goldman left an intriguing body of personal papers, including correspondence and writings; and her activities generated extensive newspaper coverage, government surveillance reports, and legal papers. The documents in this teaching unit are drawn from a massive archive collected by the Emma Goldman Papers Project at the University of California (Berkeley). They are organized into five themes or topics: (1) "Immigration"; (2) "Freedom of Expression"; (3) "Women's Rights"; (4) "Anti-militarism"; and (5) "Art and Literature of Social Change." The topics can be taught in any sequence. Each of the five themes includes suggested activities that students may use to explore the broader significance of the documents and their context. A brief introduction to Emma Goldman and a timeline are provided for students. A glossary of terms appearing in the documents is included along with a selected resources section of annotations on books, media, and literature. (BT)

The documents in this curriculum unit are drawn from the massive archive collected by the Emma Goldman Papers Project at the University of California (Berkeley). They are linked to the standard social studies and humanities curriculum themes of art and literature, First Amendment rights, labor, progressive politics, and Red Scare, the rise of industrialization, immigration, women's rights, World War I, and yellow journalism. The unit uses the body of Goldman's personal papers, including correspondence and writings, as well as newspaper stories, government surveillance reports, and legal documents. As the records illustrate, Emma Goldman, a major figure in the history of American radicalism and feminism during a period when the expression of controversial ideas was itself dangerous, was among America's most prominent advocates of labor's right to organize, reproductive rights, sexual freedom, freedom of speech, and freedom of the individual. This curriculum is divided into five major topics all taught through the use of primary documents. Topics are: (1) Immigration; (2) Freedom of Expression; (3) Women's Rights; (4) Anti-Militarism; and (5) Arts and Literature of Social Change. A biographical essay on Emma Goldman is included, as well as an annotated list of six recommended films and videos and a 60-item annotated bibliography. (LBG)

BACKGROUND: In vitro studies using nucleus pulposus (NP) cells are commonly used to investigate disc cell biology and pathogenesis, or to aid in the development of new therapies. However, lab-to-lab variability jeopardizes the much-needed progress in the field. Here, an international group of spine scientists collaborated to standardize extraction and expansion techniques for NP cells to reduce variability, improve comparability between labs and improve utilization of funding and resources.METHODS: The most commonly applied methods for NP cell extraction, expansion, and re-differentiation were identified using a questionnaire to research groups worldwide. NP cell extraction methods from rat, rabbit, pig, dog, cow, and human NP tissue were experimentally assessed. Expansion and re-differentiation media and techniques were also investigated.RESULTS: Recommended protocols are provided for extraction, expansion, and re-differentiation of NP cells from common species utilized for NP cell culture.CONCLUSIONS: This international, multilab and multispecies study identified cell extraction methods for greater cell yield and fewer gene expression changes by applying species-specific pronase usage, 60-100 U/ml collagenase for shorter durations. Recommendations for NP cell expansion, passage number, and many factors driving successful cell culture in different species are also addressed to support harmonization, rigor, and cross-lab comparisons on NP cells worldwide.

The purpose of this article is to determine the impact of the two factors – layer thickness and printing speed in the adhesion of the layers in the ABS polymer. ABS control test tubes were printed and the tensile strength of each tube was measured. By means of statistical analysis, it was determined the impact of the layer thickness and the print speed on the adhesion between the layers. The research was focused on one of the most used materials in 3D printing. It can be concluded from the obtained results that the layer thickness has the greatest impact on the adhesion.

Autocratization has become the prevailing trend in recent political regime developments. Scholars are now increasingly addressing the global decline in democracy through both conceptual and empirical analyses to understand how autocratization initiates, unfolds, and can be halted. However, we contend that there is still a lack of comprehensive examinations that specifically elucidate the diverse outcomes of autocratization processes. In particular, we aim to determine the conditions under which autocratization can either lead or not lead to a regime change. Furthermore, we seek to discern the role played by actors of resistance against autocratization in influencing these outcomes. This article employs cutting-edge tools of Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) to scrutinize recent episodes of autocratization that commenced in democracies or semi-democracies between 1993 and 2022. We achieve this by pairing information from existing expert surveys and expert-coded data. Our specific interest lies in explaining autocratization episodes that do not culminate in regime change, meaning they do not result in democratic regression or democratic breakdown. Departing from the existing small-N literature, we assess the significance of actor-based conditions of resistance against autocratization, dividing them into these macro-areas: (1) the checks and balances provided by institutional bodies like the judiciary and (2) the legislature; (3) the actions of opposition political parties through electoral alliances and coalitions; (4) the internal divisions within the incumbent party elite; the occurrence of civil society's (5) nonviolent or (6) violent protests; and (7) the intervention of external actors. To these conditions of resistance, we also incorporate whether a country possesses stable liberal-democratic institutions (8) and the overall duration of the autocratization episode (9). Our findings reveal five distinct configurations regarding the role of resistance actors, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This work provides further insights into the metal adsorption by cyanobacterial biomass thereby offering a better understanding of underlying mechanisms. Moreover, it was demonstrated that cyanobacterial biomass has great potential for future applications in biosorption-based metal recovery from diluted aqueous solutions. Critical parameters for the uptake of Rare Earth Elements by the cyanobacterial biomass were optimized and the dominant chemical mechanisms for metal binding were characterized., Diese Arbeit gibt vertiefte Einblicke in die Metalladsorption durch Cyanobakterien-Biomasse und erweitert dadurch das Verständnis der zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen. Darüber hinaus wurde gezeigt, dass Biomasse von Cyanobakterien großes Potenzial für zukünftige Anwendungen in der biosorptionsbasierten Metallrückgewinnung aus verdünnten wässrigen Lösungen aufweist. Kritische Parameter für die Aufnahme von Seltenen Erden durch die Cyanobakterien-Biomasse wurden optimiert und die dominanten chemischen Mechanismen für die Metallbindung wurden charakterisiert.

Intel's software guard extensions (SGX) provide hardware enclaves to guarantee confidentiality and integrity for sensitive code and data. However, systems leveraging such security mechanisms must often pay high performance overheads. A major source of this overhead is SGX enclave transitions which induce expensive cross-enclave context switches. The Intel SGX SDK mitigates this with a switchless call mechanism for transitionless cross-enclave calls using worker threads. Intel's SGX switchless call implementation improves performance but provides limited flexibility: developers need to statically fix the system configuration at build time, which is error-prone and misconfigurations lead to performance degradations and waste of CPU resources. ZC-SWITCHLESS is a configless and efficient technique to drive the execution of SGX switchless calls. Its dynamic approach optimises the total switchless worker threads at runtime to minimise CPU waste. The experimental evaluation shows that ZC-SWITCHLESS obviates the performance penalty of misconfigured switchless systems while minimising CPU waste., Comment: 10 pages, 53rd Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN)

Persaingan di dunia industri saat ini menuntut para produsen untuk bersaing dalam memberikan kualitas produk yang baik dengan waktu produksi yang singkat serta biaya produksi yang relatif murah. Hal tersebut berkaitan dengan mesin produksi yang memiliki peran penting untuk menghasilkan produk dengan kualitas baik. PT. Voith Paper Rolls Indonesia merupakan perusahaan jasa dan manufaktur yang bergerak dibidang perbaikan roll dan pembuatan material roll cover. Salah satu proses produksi yang dilakukan pada saat perbaikan roll yaitu proses pembubutan yang dilakukan sebanyak dua kali. Pada proses pembubutan sering kali terdapat perbedaan waktu yang signifikan antara waktu aktual dengan estimasi waktu yang didapatkan dari formulasi eksisting. Oleh karena itu laporan ini akan berfokus pada upaya perbaikan formulasi perhitungan untuk estimasi waktu proses pembubutan di mesin bubut A pada hard plain rubber roll dengan menganalisis pengaruh luas permukaan terhadap waktu proses menggunakan metode regresi linier sederhana melalui aplikasi IBM SPSS.

People migrate for a variety of reasons, not only economic ones, but most expect to increase their quality of life and happiness by changing their place of residence. Most research on the integration of Eastern European migrants focuses primarily on their structural integration into the labour market, much less is known about the implications of migration on the general subjective well-being (SWB) of individuals. The terms ‘SWB’ and ‘happiness’ refer to people’s evaluations of their life which can be either cognitive or affective (e.g. Diener, 2009). From a theoretical perspective, migration decision-making can still be encompassed within a utility-maximising framework. Now, however, utility is captured by subjective judgements of satisfaction rather than monetary income. Quantitative data from two waves of a large-scale longitudinal survey of Latvian emigrants (2014 -2019 ) were used to identify the determinants of SWB and explore the impact of different factors (such as changes in family status, employment or health) on changes in life satisfaction over time.

Program for the funeral of Mrs. Gayle Patricia Williams Hanson, held on Friday, May 27, 2022.

IFPRI5; CRP4; CRP2, MTID; A4NH; PIM, CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH); CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM), The Financial and Health Diaries capture high-detail high-frequency data on how low-income households in developing countries manage money and make spending choices around healthcare. The data provide detailed weekly information on individuals’ financial activities, health events and interactions with healthcare providers.

At present, we increasingly encounter the concept of so-called digital literacy. Digital technologies are constantly evolving in this field and play an important role in human life. They are important not only in the labor market but also in education and human skills development. Digital technologies are thus one of the means by which we can develop the cognitive processes of visually impaired people. We can thus help them to improve a number of areas that are limited due to loss or reduction of visual perception. Especially, thinking, memory, and creating ideas are very important. This contribution was created within the solution of the project TAČR – Reduction of information deficit and development of the imagination of visually impaired people through 3D models with auditory elements in cooperation with the project PIGŽU – Support of information literacy of pupils and teachers. The first of the projects aims to reduce the information deficit caused by the loss or reduction of visual perception in visually impaired people using multisensory action. At the same time, it aims to develop their spatial imagination. The second project then focus on the creation of digital aids, which aims primarily at the development and support of computational thinking. In addition to mainstream primary school pupils, the project also focuses on pupils with special educational needs, including visually impaired individuals. The main output of the project is the creation of aids, including methodologies, using digital technologies. These are technologies such as Ozobot, Blue-Bot, or Bee-bot. The aim of the paper is to acquaint with the project, to provide at least basic information about digital technologies, and especially to describe the possibilities of personality development, skills, and abilities using these technologies in visually impaired students.

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This paper aims at discussing the concept of realism in Grisham’s novel, Gray Mountain. Grisham’s works are based on his profession, as an attorney. He is an interesting author, a politician and an activist. As a social activist as well as a politician, he has great concern for social justice. This paper explores the author’s ideas about injustice reflected in the Gray Mountain. The impacts of the coal mining industry on the social, political and economic condition of the people in this region are also explored in this paper. The study shows that the events depicted in Gray Mountain were based on the reality of the occurrences in Appalachian society. The novel can be considered as a reflection or criticism of this community.

В данной статье с точки зрения отрицательного переноса родного языка анализируется ошибочное употребление китайскими учащимися частей речи в письме на английском языке, авторами также выясняются основные причины возникновения недоразумений. На основе исследования и анализа в работе выдвигаются два предварительных предложения с той целью, чтобы помочь китайским учащимся избежать такого рода ошибок. Авторы отмечают, что как преподаватели, так и студенты должны уделять достаточное внимание данной проблеме и применять правильные и эффективные методы обучения английскому языку., This paper analyzes from the point of view of a negative transfer of the native language the misuses of parts of speech by Chinese students in a letter in English; the authors also find out the main causes of misunderstandings. Based on the research and analysis two preliminary proposals are made in order to help Chinese people avoid such kinds of errors. The authors point out that both teachers and students should pay enough attention to this kind of mistake and apply correct and effective methods to teach and learn the English language., К статьяра китай ачисем акăлчанла çырнă чухне тăван чĕлхе витĕмĕпе пуплев пайĕсене пăтраштарнине тишкернĕ, йăнăшăн тĕп сăлтавĕсене уçăмлатнă. Тĕпчесе тишкерӳ тунă хыççăн авторсем, малтанласа, китай ачисем тăвакан йăнăшсене пĕтерме пулăшакан икĕ сĕнӳ параççĕ, хăйсем палăртнă йывăрлăх çине преподавательсен те, студентсен те тимлĕх уйăрма, вĕренттӳре тĕрĕс те витĕмлĕ мелсемпе усă курма тивĕç пур тесе шутлаççĕ.

This article presents findings from the Housing and Ageing programme conducted in 2018 that investigated how the housing sector can effectively plan for an ageing population. The project took a transdisciplinary approach to focus on new, critical insights into the process of decision making concerning housing and ageing across Scotland, England and Wales. A ‘Serious Game’ methodology was developed that explored over 200 policy maker, practitioner and service user perspectives. This was used as a framework to capture priorities, decisions, negotiations and processes that indicate how a ‘sense of place’ and ‘place belonging’ can influence the development of suitable housing for older people. Key housing provision challenges identified were tackling inequality, preserving autonomy, in(ter)dependence, empowerment and accessibility. Such challenges need consideration when strategically planning for the future. The findings recommend placing housing at the heart of service integration to support the co-production of decisions that emphasise the importance of working together across boundaries within social policy, service and stakeholder groups. A place-based approach can support the perception that we are all stakeholders in ageing.

The paper addresses one of the episodes in the history of the early Renaissance polemic about the theory and practice of translation, namely, the views on the goals and methods of translation as presented in Leonardo Bruni’s treatise De interpretatione recta and in the writings of one of the most talented and prolific translators of the time, George of Trebizond. Although the basic principles of translation which guided both authors dated back to the Antiquity, their views on the medieval practice of literal translation are rather different: while Bruni believed that medieval translators “distorted and mutilated” the works of ancient authors, George considered their methods to be the most suitable for the translation of “scholarly” writings (such as treatises of Aristotle and other philosophers)., Статья посвящена одному из эпизодов полемики о теории и практике перевода, развернувшейся в эпоху раннего Ренессанса, а именно тому, как цели и методы перевода представлены в трактате Леонардо Бруни «О правильном переводе» и в сочинениях одного из самых талантливых и плодовитых переводчиков того времени Георгия Трапезундского. Хотя основные принципы, которыми руководствовались оба автора, были сформулированы ещё в Античности, их взгляды на средневековую практику буквального перевода существенно отличаются: если Бруни считал, что средневековые переводчики «коверкали и уродовали» произведения древних авторов, то Георгий считал их методы наиболее подходящими для перевода «научных» сочинений (таких, как трактаты Аристотеля и других философов).

Aim of the study: to evaluate the effect of sublethal dose of clozapine on the rat cardiovascular system 24 hours after administration of the drug.Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out on 17 male Wistar rats weighing 220-270 g. Under general anesthesia with sevoflurane, the animals of Group I were enterally given 0.9% NaCl solution, Group II animals received clozapine in a dose of 150 mg/kg diluted in 2.0 ml of NaCl solution 0.9%, Group III animals were given clozapine in a dose of 150 mg/kg diluted in 2.0 ml of 40% ethanol. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), skin microcirculation using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), NADH and FAD+ fluorescence were estimated 24 hours after the drug administration. After euthanasia, autopsy with sampling of internal organs for morphological study was done. Then paraffin heart sections with subsequent H&E staining were made, which were studied using the Nikon Eclipse Ni-U light microscope.Results. Spectral analysis of local skin blood flow fluctuations showed that clozapine reduced Amax and amplitude in all frequency ranges of active microcirculation regulatory system in comparison with the controls. No differences in blood gases and acid-base status were seen between the groups of animals 24 hours after administration of the drugs. However, the animals from clozapine groups (II and III) had lower hemoglobin and hematocrit than in the control group.Histological examination of rat hearts in groups II and III revealed congested venules, haemorrhages by dia-pedeses, perivascular and interstitial edema. The signs of blood stasis and marginalization of granulocytes were noted in the vascular lumen. Irregular staining of myocardium due to cardiomyocytes with hypereosinophilic and occasionally homogeneous cytoplasm, fragmentation and deformations of cardiac cells were revealed. Car-diomyocytic nuclei were polymorphic and irregularly stained, and perinuclear edema was observed.Conclusions. The results of the study dem, Цель исследования: оценить влияние сублетальной дозы клозапина на сердечно-сосудистую систему крыс через 24 часа после введения препарата.Материалы и методы. Эксперименты выполнили на 17 крысах-самцах линии Wistar массой 220-270 г. Под общей анестезией севофлюраном животным I группы энтерально через зонд вводили раствор NaCl 0,9%, II группе — клозапин в дозе 150 мг/кг, разведенный в 2,0 мл раствора NaCl 0,9%, III группе — клозапин в дозе 150 мг/кг, разведенный в 2,0 мл 40% спирта этилового. Через 24 ч после введения препарата оценивали артериальное давление (АД), частоту сердечных сокращений (ЧСС), микроциркуляцию в коже методом лазерной допплеровской флоуметрии (ЛДФ), интенсивность флуоресценции коферментов НАДН, ФАД+. После эвтаназии проводили аутопсию с забором внутренних органов крыс для морфологического исследования. Далее изготавливали парафиновые срезы сердец с последующей окраской гематоксилином и эозином, которые исследовали с помощью светового микроскопа Nikon Eclipse Ni-U.Результаты. Спектральный анализ колебаний локального кожного кровотока показал, что прием клозапина вызывал уменьшение Амах и амплитуд всех частотных диапазонов активной регуляции микроциркуляции по сравнению с контролем. Животные всех групп через 24 часа после введения препаратов не различались между собой по основным показателям газового состава и КОС артериальной крови, но в группах клозапина (II и III) концентрация гемоглобина и показатель гематокрита были ниже, чем в контрольной группе.При исследовании гистологических препаратов сердец крыс в группах II и III выявили полнокровие венул, диапедезные кровоизлияния, периваскулярный и интерстициальный отек. В просвете сосудов отметили признаки стаза крови, а также краевое стояние гранулоцитов. Выявили неравномерную окраску миокарда за счет кардиомиоцитов с гиперэозинофильной и местами гомогенной цитоплазмой; участки фрагментации и деформации кардиомиоцитов. Ядра кардиомиоцитов были полиморфными и неравномерно окрашенными, отмечали перину

The wild sugarcane species, Erianthus arundinaceus, was evaluated for its stalk characters, biomass production, fiber content and juice quality. This species has the potential to provide fiber as raw material for paper manufacture, bio-fermentation of juice into alcohol and energy through cogeneration. So far no systematic evaluation of this semi-wild species has been done for biomass yield, fiber content and quality, and no program to cultivate it for its co-products ever attempted. Initially, 107 accessions available in the world germplasm collection of Erianthus maintained at the Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, were screened for nine quantitative traits and the data were subjected to analysis of variance and correlation analysis. Single stalk weight and number of tillers showed high variance (CV%). Hierarchical cluster analysis produced nine clusters. Out of these 107 clones, six clones were further evaluated for 13 yield characters. Analysis of the data indicated that the clone SES 159 was the most promising in terms of biomass and stalk yield.

We present the Phase A Science Case for the Multi-conjugate Adaptive-optics Visible Imager-Spectrograph (MAVIS), planned for the Adaptive Optics Facility (AOF) of the Very Large Telescope (VLT). MAVIS is a general-purpose instrument for exploiting the highest possible angular resolution of any single optical telescope available in the next decade, either on Earth or in space, and with sensitivity comparable to (or better than) larger aperture facilities. MAVIS uses two deformable mirrors in addition to the deformable secondary mirror of the AOF, providing a mean V-band Strehl ratio of >10% (goal >15%) across a relatively large (30 arc second) science field. This equates to a resolution of <20mas at 550nm - comparable to the K-band diffraction limit of the next generation of extremely large telescopes, making MAVIS a genuine optical counterpart to future IR-optimised facilities like JWST and the ELT. Moreover, MAVIS will have unprecedented sky coverage for a high-order AO system, accessing at least 50% of the sky at the Galactic Pole, making MAVIS a truly general purpose facility instrument. As such, MAVIS will have both a Nyquist-sampled imager (30x30 arcsec field), and a powerful integral field spectrograph with multiple spatial and spectral modes spanning 370-1000nm. This science case presents a distilled set of thematically linked science cases drawn from the MAVIS White Papers (www.mavis-ao.org/whitepapers), selected to illustrate the driving requirements of the instrument resulting from the recent MAVIS Phase A study., Comment: 141 pages, 79 figures, 10Mb. Modified version of the Phase A Science Case submitted to ESO in April 2020 as part of the MAVIS Phase A design study. Full resolution version available upon request

The increasing application of machine learning techniques in everyday decision-making processes has brought concerns about the fairness of algorithmic decision-making. This paper concerns the problem of collider bias which produces spurious associations in fairness assessment and develops theorems to guide fairness assessment avoiding the collider bias. We consider a real-world application of auditing a trained classifier by an audit agency. We propose an unbiased assessment algorithm by utilising the developed theorems to reduce collider biases in the assessment. Experiments and simulations show the proposed algorithm reduces collider biases significantly in the assessment and is promising in auditing trained classifiers., Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures and 9 tables. The work has been accepted by PAKDD2022

The concept of ἡ εἰρωνεία is used in the writings of Byzantine writers in a variety of contexts and allows for a whole range of interpretations: it can be a trope implying the difference between the hidden and literal meaning of the words as well as a special modality of the sentence, which makes it possible to convey mockery, resentment, or contempt. The paper aims to analyze a number of ironical remarks made by Bassilios Bessarion in his treatise In Calumniatorem Platonis and demonstrate how the usage of such rhetorical devices as sarcasm, irony, parody, etc. turns Bessarion’s adversary, George of Trebizond, into a comical character, who — like an Aristotle’s “boaster” (ὁ ἀλαζών) or “foolish person” (ἠλί θῐος) — aspires to dignity, which he does not possess. That is one of Bessarion’s ways to compromise both George himself and his criticism of Platonic philosophy., В произведениях византийских писателей понятие ἡ εἰρωνεία используется в самых разнообразных контекстах и допускает целый спектр трактовок: от тропа, смысл которого заключался в выражении некоего содержания путём использования противоположных по смыслу слов с целью и до особой модальности высказывания, позволяющей выразить насмешку, обиду или презрение. В статье делается попытка проанализировать ряд иронических замечаний Виссариона Никейского, сделанных им в трактате In Calumniatorem Platonis в адрес противника (Георгия Трапезундского), и показать, каким образом использование таких риторических приёмов, как сарказм, ирония, пародирование и пр., позволяют ему превратить своего оппонента в комическую фигуру, подобно «хвастуну» (ὁ ἀλαζών) или «не-разумному» (ἠλί θι ος) Аристотеля претендующую на достоинство, которым не обладает, и, тем самым, дискредитировать и его самого, и его критику платоновской философии.

The research consisted in having an Actionbound mobile hunt for A1 learners of Dutch designed by a group of language Student Teachers (STs) within the framework of a second year course on foreign language teaching. The game was then implemented with two groups of fifth grade primary school pupils during their visit of the Hergé Museum in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. These two steps allowed our multidisciplinary research team to analyse the use of the app from the perspective of not only the players but also the creators of the game. Research data was collected throughout the study via questionnaires, observations, and a focus group. A qualitative analysis of the STs’ data allowed us to establish their digital profiles, thereby situating each of them in the digital integration process. The results suggest that integrating technology and content when designing a pedagogical activity is a complex task. Support and guidance from teacher trainers could therefore be recommended in order to propose a pertinent integration of technologies in the language classroom.

Title devised by cataloger, Box contains 26 sheets of marbled papers and 1 envelope with Stephen Pittelkow's questionnaire response

Lifelong learning (LLL) programmes can be perceived as a means of governing youth transitions. Young adults can use such programmes to try to overcome different constraints in their life course. This article explores the decisions of young adults in Vienna (Austria) and Malaga (Spain) who are participating in different LLL programmes that seek to address their transition from unemployment to employment. In order to understand these decisions, we want to explore: (1) how the young adult’s experiences influenced their decision to engage with an LLL programme, (2) what role these programmes played in their biographies and (3) how young adults imagine their future. We use two theoretical lenses to explore these questions: bounded agency and projectivity. A comparative study of these two regions provides insight into how different contextual conditions influence young adults’ decisions. We perform three different analyses: of the young people’s past trajectories and transitions, of their imagined futures, and of their decision to enrol in the programme. Exploring young people’s subjective accounts of their pasts and their imagined futures helps to improve our understanding of the role young people believe these programmes play in their lives, why they have decided to enrol in them, and how they use and interpret these pathways through, and in the framework of, different contextual conditions.

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The integration of migrants in the US economic system is a central concern of policy-makers and scholars. A faster and smoother assimilation of valuable human capital would indeed benefit the labour market, increasing its efficiency. To investigate the integration of minorities and migrants in the US labour market, we employ data from the Current Population Survey from June 2016 (the primary source of labour force statistics in the US). We focus on the following ethnic groups: White, Black, Asian, and Other (a combination of Native Americans, Pacific and Mixed). For each ethnicity we consider if respondents are US born, 1st- or 2nd-generation of immigrant descent. Among 1st-generation migrants, we further differentiate between recent (in the country for 10 years or less) and long (in the country for more than 10 years) arrivals, as they are likely to have different levels of social capital and knowledge of the job market. We focus on three very relevant labour market outcomes: being employed, being employed in a public sector job and working in a professional or managerial position. Our results indicate better placement of individuals with tertiary degrees, an effect particularly important among women. Minorities in the public sector have made some important gains in terms of occupational attainment parity with the white majority.

This article focuses on the returns to human capital of migrants and minorities in the UK. The question of whether skills and qualifications are properly utilized is very pertinent given the global competition for skilled migrants and the aim of European and British markets to attract such workers. Using data from Understanding Society (2009 to 2017) we find that there is a clear evidence of ethnic hierarchies with black Caribbean and black African minorities generally most disadvantaged, while other white UK-born have the best outcomes compared to the white British. Western migrants generally do very well, but new EU migrants have high levels of employment, and low returns to their qualifications and relatively high levels of over-qualification. Foreign qualifications are generally discounted, and more so for migrants with less certain legal status or low language skills. Public sector employment plays an important role and is associated with the higher economic placement of migrants and minorities in the UK. There are some worrying trends however. Highly skilled migrants, particularly black migrants as well as those from Eastern Europe, come in with high qualifications, but their jobs do not match their skill levels.

The Direcao Geral de Energia e Minas has estimated Portugal's total Li resources as 29 740 000 t at 0.81% Li2O, of which 16 800 000 t at 0.88% Li2O were classified as inferred, 12 300 000 t at 0.68% Li2O as indicated and 640 000 t at 1.50% Li2O as measured. The nine regions identified with Li deposits are mainly in the north and centre of the country, with exploration work currently being carried out at the Mina do Barroso, Sepeda, Concalo and Argemela deposits, in which the main Li minerals are, respectively, spodumene, petalite, lepidolite and amblygonite-montebrasite. Optical sorting of lepidolite, whose colour contrasts with its gangue minerals, and dense media separation of spodumene and amblygonite, taking advantage of its density contrast, can be applied to produce coarse concentrates larger than 5 mm in size or to reject gangue material at an early stage of processing. Froth flotation is then applied to produce high-grade concentrates with at least 4.5% Li2O. The geology, mineralogy and mineral processing of the Goncalo, Mina do Barroso and Argemela deposits are reviewed and details of Goncalo presented as a case study exemplifying the cross-fertilisation of concepts in which the importance is evaluated of a strong relationship between mineralogy and mineral processing from start to finish of the upgrading process., The Direcao Geral de Energia e Minas has estimated Portugal's total Li resources as 29 740 000 t at 0.81% Li2O, of which 16 800 000 t at 0.88% Li2O were classified as inferred, 12 300 000 t at 0.68% Li2O as indicated and 640 000 t at 1.50% Li2O as measured. The nine regions identified with Li deposits are mainly in the north and centre of the country, with exploration work currently being carried out at the Mina do Barroso, Sepeda, Concalo and Argemela deposits, in which the main Li minerals are, respectively, spodumene, petalite, lepidolite and amblygonite-montebrasite. Optical sorting of lepidolite, whose colour contrasts with its gangue minerals, and dense media separation of spodumene and amblygonite, taking advantage of its density contrast, can be applied to produce coarse concentrates larger than 5 mm in size or to reject gangue material at an early stage of processing. Froth flotation is then applied to produce high-grade concentrates with at least 4.5% Li2O. The geology, mineralogy and mineral processing of the Goncalo, Mina do Barroso and Argemela deposits are reviewed and details of Goncalo presented as a case study exemplifying the cross-fertilisation of concepts in which the importance is evaluated of a strong relationship between mineralogy and mineral processing from start to finish of the upgrading process.

The Redmoor Sn-W-Cu deposit has been subject historically to exteensive mining from Roman times to 1943, on lodes of Pb, Ag, Sn and W, before more recently becoming the focus of modern exploration for a large underground mining target. Work in the 1980s identified the presence of sheeted vein-style mineralisation and more recently existing data was digitised and active exploration commenced in 2017, over 7 000 m of drilled diamond core being added and a significant high-grade inferred resource calculated of 4 500 000 t with a metal content equivalent to 1% Sn, as well as a significant exploration target volume being identified. Work in 2018 has principally targeted the down-dip extensions of the mineralisation, with 4 500 m drilled by the end of September giving encouraging results that suggest increasing grade at depth and have allowed a 3-dimensional model of metal distribution to be developed at a higher spatial resolution than that typical for deposits in SW England., The Redmoor Sn-W-Cu deposit has been subject historically to exteensive mining from Roman times to 1943, on lodes of Pb, Ag, Sn and W, before more recently becoming the focus of modern exploration for a large underground mining target. Work in the 1980s identified the presence of sheeted vein-style mineralisation and more recently existing data was digitised and active exploration commenced in 2017, over 7 000 m of drilled diamond core being added and a significant high-grade inferred resource calculated of 4 500 000 t with a metal content equivalent to 1% Sn, as well as a significant exploration target volume being identified. Work in 2018 has principally targeted the down-dip extensions of the mineralisation, with 4 500 m drilled by the end of September giving encouraging results that suggest increasing grade at depth and have allowed a 3-dimensional model of metal distribution to be developed at a higher spatial resolution than that typical for deposits in SW England.

The Chinese government's detailed industrial strategy for the decade 2015-2025, designated Made in China 2025, is based on five concepts: adopting innovation as the driver of manufacturing, prioritising quality, promoting green development, improving industrial structure and developing human capital. The potential impacts in the raw materials sector can be seen from China's National Mineral Resource Plan 2016-2020, which gives a list of strategic critical raw materials monitored by the Chinese government and a list banning foreign investment in exploration and mining of certain minerals - under the 2018 revision W, Mo, Sn, Sb and F, with the ban extended to processing for rare earth and radioactive minerals. The challenges to other countries in the policy's potential impact on the raw material sector are illustrated for the example of gallium, the risks for EU research projects are outlined and possible opportunities identified., The Chinese government's detailed industrial strategy for the decade 2015-2025, designated Made in China 2025, is based on five concepts: adopting innovation as the driver of manufacturing, prioritising quality, promoting green development, improving industrial structure and developing human capital. The potential impacts in the raw materials sector can be seen from China's National Mineral Resource Plan 2016-2020, which gives a list of strategic critical raw materials monitored by the Chinese government and a list banning foreign investment in exploration and mining of certain minerals - under the 2018 revision W, Mo, Sn, Sb and F, with the ban extended to processing for rare earth and radioactive minerals. The challenges to other countries in the policy's potential impact on the raw material sector are illustrated for the example of gallium, the risks for EU research projects are outlined and possible opportunities identified.

Zinnwaldite, the main Li-bearing ore phase in the Sn-Li greisen ore from Cinovec in the Czech Republic, can easily be concentrated but requires high energy consumption for conventional pyrometallurgical processing; however its leaching is restricted by the limited availability of H2SO4 in central Europe. The use of S-oxidising bacteria to convert elemental sulphur to acid was therefore considered as a route to dissolving the mineral. Solubilisation by acidophiles was demonstrated at batch reactor scale and up to 25% of Li recovered from zinnwaldite during bioleaching, compared with 16% during chemical leaching. Further experiments confirmed fluoride inhibition of the acidophilic microbes, which was successfully eliminated by the addition of aluminium sulphate; this improved S and Fe oxidation but did not increase Li recovery. Processing of the pregnant leach solution by membrane filtration remains challenging due to high silica content in the solution., Zinnwaldite, the main Li-bearing ore phase in the Sn-Li greisen ore from Cinovec in the Czech Republic, can easily be concentrated but requires high energy consumption for conventional pyrometallurgical processing; however its leaching is restricted by the limited availability of H2SO4 in central Europe. The use of S-oxidising bacteria to convert elemental sulphur to acid was therefore considered as a route to dissolving the mineral. Solubilisation by acidophiles was demonstrated at batch reactor scale and up to 25% of Li recovered from zinnwaldite during bioleaching, compared with 16% during chemical leaching. Further experiments confirmed fluoride inhibition of the acidophilic microbes, which was successfully eliminated by the addition of aluminium sulphate; this improved S and Fe oxidation but did not increase Li recovery. Processing of the pregnant leach solution by membrane filtration remains challenging due to high silica content in the solution.

Lithium ores are potentially complex, including as Li-bearing phases lepidolite, the amblygonite-montebrusite group, lithiophosphate(tr) and petalite, and because its low atomic mass precludes direct electron-beam measurement analysing the Li content of whole rock is not straightforward with more than 10% difference sometimes noted between methods; an example compares spodumene pegmatite sampes from Kaustinen, Finland, analysed by 4-acid digestion versus Na2O2 flux then acid, both with ICP-AES finish. Whole-rock data are given from Kaustinen, the Goncalo lepidolite/Li phosphates in Portugal and the Cinavec Li-micas in Bohemia, advice on whole-rock procedure is summarised and cross-sections are presented of the Cinovec deposit's petrology, Sn and Li deposit contents and grade distribution block modelling; the Czech deposit is the largest low-cost hard-rock Li resource in Europe with 7 000 000 tonnes indicated and inferred lithium carbonate equivalent resources at 0.1% Li cut-off, contained in an indicated 347 700 000 t at 0.45% Li2O, 0.04% Sn and an inferred 308 800 000 t at 0.39% Li2O, 0.04% Sn; the exploration target is 350 000 000-450 000 000 t at 0.39-0.47% Li2O. The mineralogical characterisation of the various Li minerals is illustrated and compared for EPMA, from which the values have to be recalculated using stoichiometry, and direct measurement by LA-ICP-MS (laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry), showing that the majority of minerals have a good analytical agreement between the methods but that lithiophosphate and bityite results both differ significantly while hectorite and jadarite give variable results. LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy) gives data that has a reasonable correlation with the EPMA and ICP-MS data, considering the spatial sampling differences., Lithium ores are potentially complex, including as Li-bearing phases lepidolite, the amblygonite-montebrusite group, lithiophosphate(tr) and petalite, and because its low atomic mass precludes direct electron-beam measurement analysing the Li content of whole rock is not straightforward with more than 10% difference sometimes noted between methods; an example compares spodumene pegmatite sampes from Kaustinen, Finland, analysed by 4-acid digestion versus Na2O2 flux then acid, both with ICP-AES finish. Whole-rock data are given from Kaustinen, the Goncalo lepidolite/Li phosphates in Portugal and the Cinavec Li-micas in Bohemia, advice on whole-rock procedure is summarised and cross-sections are presented of the Cinovec deposit's petrology, Sn and Li deposit contents and grade distribution block modelling; the Czech deposit is the largest low-cost hard-rock Li resource in Europe with 7 000 000 tonnes indicated and inferred lithium carbonate equivalent resources at 0.1% Li cut-off, contained in an indicated 347 700 000 t at 0.45% Li2O, 0.04% Sn and an inferred 308 800 000 t at 0.39% Li2O, 0.04% Sn; the exploration target is 350 000 000-450 000 000 t at 0.39-0.47% Li2O. The mineralogical characterisation of the various Li minerals is illustrated and compared for EPMA, from which the values have to be recalculated using stoichiometry, and direct measurement by LA-ICP-MS (laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry), showing that the majority of minerals have a good analytical agreement between the methods but that lithiophosphate and bityite results both differ significantly while hectorite and jadarite give variable results. LIBS (laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy) gives data that has a reasonable correlation with the EPMA and ICP-MS data, considering the spatial sampling differences.

A generic conceptual diagram/decision tree for processing hard-rock lithium minerals has been developed under the EU's FAME - Flexible and Mobile Economic Processing Technologies - project and applied to the Goncalo lepidolite ore to design a flowsheet for continuous-flow pilot testing. The four sections of the conceptual diagram are: crushing and pre-concentration by dense media or optical sorting; closed-circuit grinding, with gravity and magnetic separation of heavy minerals and zinnwaldite, if present; flotation of liberated Li minerals from the hydrocyclone overflow with amines/fatty acids and desliming, to give a high-grade Li concentrate; and recovery of non-metallic by-products by magnetic separation of impurities and mica-feldspar flotation. The developed Goncalo pilot-plant flowsheet processes run-of-mine ore or optically sorted preconcentrate into cassiterite by-product concentrate, lepidolite concentrate, mica, quartz and feldspar by-products, and tailings and water for disposal. Yields and recoveries from the pilot plant have been quantified and a high-level plant design and capital cost estimate based on the results; a 1 000 000 t/a (c.150 t/h) processing plant is estimated to cost US, A generic conceptual diagram/decision tree for processing hard-rock lithium minerals has been developed under the EU's FAME - Flexible and Mobile Economic Processing Technologies - project and applied to the Goncalo lepidolite ore to design a flowsheet for continuous-flow pilot testing. The four sections of the conceptual diagram are: crushing and pre-concentration by dense media or optical sorting; closed-circuit grinding, with gravity and magnetic separation of heavy minerals and zinnwaldite, if present; flotation of liberated Li minerals from the hydrocyclone overflow with amines/fatty acids and desliming, to give a high-grade Li concentrate; and recovery of non-metallic by-products by magnetic separation of impurities and mica-feldspar flotation. The developed Goncalo pilot-plant flowsheet processes run-of-mine ore or optically sorted preconcentrate into cassiterite by-product concentrate, lepidolite concentrate, mica, quartz and feldspar by-products, and tailings and water for disposal. Yields and recoveries from the pilot plant have been quantified and a high-level plant design and capital cost estimate based on the results; a 1 000 000 t/a (c.150 t/h) processing plant is estimated to cost US

The vertically integrated project to produce battery-grade lithium from a pegmatitic spodumene deposit in Finland with 7 400 000 tonnes at 1.04%Li2O is the most advanced in Europe; its definitive feasibility study was completed in June 2018 and production is estimated to start in 2020/21. Studies have shown and confirmed optical sorting as an important part of the flowsheet, as the run-of-mine ore will include 5-25% wall-rock dilution; the black/dark grey country rock can be rejected almost perfectly from the pale white-reddish ore by optical sorting, to increase Li recovery from flotation by 2-5%. Methods have been developed for characterising ore variability: a diagnostic laboratory flotation test methodoloogy has been calibrated against a pilot-scale test and the whole deposit characterised. There is potential to achieve zero waste by processing flotation tailings into quartz, feldspar and muscovite products while part of the deposit also has potential to produce Nb-Ta concentrate by-product., The vertically integrated project to produce battery-grade lithium from a pegmatitic spodumene deposit in Finland with 7 400 000 tonnes at 1.04%Li2O is the most advanced in Europe; its definitive feasibility study was completed in June 2018 and production is estimated to start in 2020/21. Studies have shown and confirmed optical sorting as an important part of the flowsheet, as the run-of-mine ore will include 5-25% wall-rock dilution; the black/dark grey country rock can be rejected almost perfectly from the pale white-reddish ore by optical sorting, to increase Li recovery from flotation by 2-5%. Methods have been developed for characterising ore variability: a diagnostic laboratory flotation test methodoloogy has been calibrated against a pilot-scale test and the whole deposit characterised. There is potential to achieve zero waste by processing flotation tailings into quartz, feldspar and muscovite products while part of the deposit also has potential to produce Nb-Ta concentrate by-product.

The Li contained in deep Cornish brines, first reported in 1864 and subsequently recognised in many Sn and Cu mines, is now of significant interest for Li-ion batteries for the growing electric vehicle market. Recent advances in Li extraction technologies, without the use of solar evaporation, offer the potential to extract Li from brines at much lower levels of concentration with a much smaller footprint and geatly increased efficiency. Cornish Lithium aims to identify Li-bearing brines at depth and to drill extraction boreholes into large cross-course fault structures believed to act as conduits for fluid under Cornwall. There is also potential for combining Li extraction from brines with utilisation of the accompanying geothermal energy, for identifying hard-rock Li resources in already permitted kaolin mining areas and for production of other battery metals from areas of former Cu, Sn and Zn mining., The Li contained in deep Cornish brines, first reported in 1864 and subsequently recognised in many Sn and Cu mines, is now of significant interest for Li-ion batteries for the growing electric vehicle market. Recent advances in Li extraction technologies, without the use of solar evaporation, offer the potential to extract Li from brines at much lower levels of concentration with a much smaller footprint and geatly increased efficiency. Cornish Lithium aims to identify Li-bearing brines at depth and to drill extraction boreholes into large cross-course fault structures believed to act as conduits for fluid under Cornwall. There is also potential for combining Li extraction from brines with utilisation of the accompanying geothermal energy, for identifying hard-rock Li resources in already permitted kaolin mining areas and for production of other battery metals from areas of former Cu, Sn and Zn mining.

High-voltage electric pulse fragmentation is a novel selective comminution technology that relies on highly energetic electrical pulses to fragment rocks selectively, the electrical discharge being intrinsically drawn to minerals with higher metal content and hence preferentially crushing the target minerals in low-grade ores. The technology's effectiveness was investigated for two skarn, one pegmatite and one schist ore: a scheelite skarn ore from Tabuaco, Portugal, grading 0.3-0.4% WO3, cassiterite skarn and schist ores from Tellerhauser, Germany, grading 1.5% Sn and 1.2% Sn respectively, and a lepidolite pegmatite ore from Goncalo, Portugal, grading 0.97% Li2O. The results from tests performed at laboratory and pilot scale both for electric pulse fragmentation and the concentration step were combined to show that recovery of the target metal was improved for some materials and that even at a low energy level of 1-2 Wh/t the electric pulse treatment induced fractures inside the material that could lead to weakening of the sample. The application would need to be defined for each ore type and not all ores are suitable: the cassiterite skarn ore displayed erratic behaviour when submitted to electric pulse fragmentation, often connected to the presence of magnetite resulting in short-circuits, whereas the scheelite skarn ore displayed improved liberation and W recovery at laboratory scale and first results from the other two ores were encouraging., High-voltage electric pulse fragmentation is a novel selective comminution technology that relies on highly energetic electrical pulses to fragment rocks selectively, the electrical discharge being intrinsically drawn to minerals with higher metal content and hence preferentially crushing the target minerals in low-grade ores. The technology's effectiveness was investigated for two skarn, one pegmatite and one schist ore: a scheelite skarn ore from Tabuaco, Portugal, grading 0.3-0.4% WO3, cassiterite skarn and schist ores from Tellerhauser, Germany, grading 1.5% Sn and 1.2% Sn respectively, and a lepidolite pegmatite ore from Goncalo, Portugal, grading 0.97% Li2O. The results from tests performed at laboratory and pilot scale both for electric pulse fragmentation and the concentration step were combined to show that recovery of the target metal was improved for some materials and that even at a low energy level of 1-2 Wh/t the electric pulse treatment induced fractures inside the material that could lead to weakening of the sample. The application would need to be defined for each ore type and not all ores are suitable: the cassiterite skarn ore displayed erratic behaviour when submitted to electric pulse fragmentation, often connected to the presence of magnetite resulting in short-circuits, whereas the scheelite skarn ore displayed improved liberation and W recovery at laboratory scale and first results from the other two ores were encouraging.

The tungsten skarn ores of Tabuaco, Portugal, have a very complex mineral composition with more than 10% fluorite and 5% apatite as well as more than 40% vesuvianite, a calcium silicate. To improve the selectivity of scheelite flotation from the ores, studies were undertaken to find selective depressants for the Ca-bearing minerals, to test new reagent formulations to enhance the selectivity of the separation and to optimise the adsorptive layer by mixing collectors with different molecular structures, It was found that combining sodium carbonate and sodium silicate had positive synergistic effects, producing a rougher concentrate grading 11.2% WO3 with 95% WO3 recovery but 64% F recovery, due to a lack of selectivity between scheelite and fluorite. The introduction of rosin acids led to a global increase in recoveries with a loss of selectivity; however, the use of saturated fatty acids in the formulations noticeably improved selectivity by bringing a better organisation of the monolayer., The tungsten skarn ores of Tabuaco, Portugal, have a very complex mineral composition with more than 10% fluorite and 5% apatite as well as more than 40% vesuvianite, a calcium silicate. To improve the selectivity of scheelite flotation from the ores, studies were undertaken to find selective depressants for the Ca-bearing minerals, to test new reagent formulations to enhance the selectivity of the separation and to optimise the adsorptive layer by mixing collectors with different molecular structures, It was found that combining sodium carbonate and sodium silicate had positive synergistic effects, producing a rougher concentrate grading 11.2% WO3 with 95% WO3 recovery but 64% F recovery, due to a lack of selectivity between scheelite and fluorite. The introduction of rosin acids led to a global increase in recoveries with a loss of selectivity; however, the use of saturated fatty acids in the formulations noticeably improved selectivity by bringing a better organisation of the monolayer.

The overall objective of work package 6 of the EU's FAME (Flexible And Mobile Economic Processing) project is to evaluate the sustainability of processing complex and low-grade ores of skarn, pegmatite and greisen ores. As part of the environmental and socio-political impact assessment (ESIA) of a mining or mineral processing operation, environmental management during the phases of construction, operation and mine closure has to be defined in terms of different management plans that address environmental issues and community concerns. Examples are given of best practice with reference to energy and related climate effects, community relations, land and water usage, biodiversity, cultural and nature heritage, and mine closure., The overall objective of work package 6 of the EU's FAME (Flexible And Mobile Economic Processing) project is to evaluate the sustainability of processing complex and low-grade ores of skarn, pegmatite and greisen ores. As part of the environmental and socio-political impact assessment (ESIA) of a mining or mineral processing operation, environmental management during the phases of construction, operation and mine closure has to be defined in terms of different management plans that address environmental issues and community concerns. Examples are given of best practice with reference to energy and related climate effects, community relations, land and water usage, biodiversity, cultural and nature heritage, and mine closure.