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Ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der Ingenieursarbeit ist seit jeher die Optimierung von Tragwerken. Durch die Verwendung der Finite-Elemente-Methode in Kombination mit weiterer Software kann die Optimierung automatisiert und beschleunigt werden. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Erstellung und Überprüfung eines Optimierungsmodells für die Gewichtsminimierung von Stahlfachwerkträgern. Durch die Gewichtsreduktion wird Material eingespart und das verbleibende Material besser ausgelastet. Für die statischen Berechnungen wird ein parametrisches FE-Modell der Fachwerkträger erstellt. Anschließend wird das FE-Modell mit dem Optimierungsalgorithmus verknüpft. Zur Überprüfung des Modells werden verschiedene Tragwerkssysteme untersucht. Es erfolgt sowohl eine reine Formoptimierung als auch eine Kombination aus Form- und Querschnittsoptimierung. Es werden gelenkige und biegesteife Fachwerkträger betrachtet. Für die Stäbe wird der Spannungs- und Stabilitätsnachweis geführt. Die durchgeführten Berechnungen zeigen ein hohes Optimierungspotenzial für unterschiedliche Tragwerke. Durch die Wahl von geeigneten Randbedingungen kann die Systemhöhe und die allgemeine Form des finalen Systems beeinflusst werden. Das erstellte Modell biete die Möglichkeit, eine Vielzahl von Tragwerken zu untersuchen und zu optimieren., The optimization of structures has always been an essential part of engineering work. By using the finite element method in combination with other software, optimization can be automated and accelerated. The aim of this thesis is to create and test an optimization model for minimizing the weight of steel truss girders. By reducing the weight, material is saved, and the remaining material is better utilized. A parametric finite element model of the truss girders is created for the static calculations. The finite element model is then linked to the optimization algorithm. Various structural systems are examined to check the model. Both a pure shape optimization and a combination of shape and cross-section optimization are carried out. Articulated and rigid trusses are considered. The stress and stability analysis is performed for the members. The performed calculations show a high optimization potential for different structures. By selecting suitable boundary conditions, the system height and the general shape of the final system can be influenced. The created model offers the possibility to analyse and optimize a variety of structures., Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2023

The demand for timber buildings is rising because of the need to make the construction industry more sustainable. Eurocode 5 provides guidance in the design process of timber structures. Numerical modelling is generally used for complex structures like multi-storey timber buildings. Currently, there is limited understanding of the serviceability behaviour of multi-storey timber buildings that are stabilized by glulam trusses. This is partly because the load-slip behaviour of large timber connections is not well understood. The aim of this thesis is to develop a better understanding of the influence of the connections on the serviceability behaviour of timber buildings with glulam stability trusses. In the first part of this thesis, the state-of-the-art of timber connection design is discussed. The second part is dedicated to the development of a finite element model. A modelling approach is developed that allows for the specification of the load-slip behaviour of the truss connections in the end nodes of the modelled members. A sensitivity study focused on the serviceability stiffness of the truss connections is performed using the FE model. Next, variants on the base design are modelled and studied for comparison, which provides insight into the effect that changing geometry has on serviceability behaviour. This thesis shows that the load-slip behaviour of the truss connections has a significant influence on the serviceability behaviour of a timber building. It is also found that the current design rules are not suitable for predicting the serviceability stiffness of these connections. For timber connections with slotted-in steel plates and dowels, their load-slip behaviour can be idealized by an initial slip followed by its elastic stiffness. The initial slip is caused by the hole clearance in the steel plates in combination with various non-linear effects like densification of the timber. The hole clearance in the steel plates is also responsib, Civil Engineering | Structural Engineering

Although architected materials based on truss networks have been shown to possess advantageous or extreme mechanical properties, those can be highly affected by tolerances and uncertainties in the manufacturing process, which are usually neglected during the design phase. Deterministic computational tools typically design structures with the assumption of perfect, defect-free architectures, while experiments have confirmed the inevitable presence of imperfections and their possibly detrimental impact on the effective properties. Information about the nature and expected magnitude of geometric defects that emerge from the additive manufacturing processes would allow for new designs that aim to mitigate (or at least account for) the effects of defects and to reduce the uncertainty in the effective properties. To this end, we here investigate the effects of four most commonly found types of geometric imperfections in trusses, applied to eleven representative truss topologies in two and three dimensions. Through our study, we (i) quantify the impact of imperfections on the effective stiffness through computational homogenization, (ii) examine the sensitivity of the various truss topologies with respect to those imperfections, (iii) demonstrate the applicability of the model through experiments on 3D-printed trusses, and (iv) present a machine learning framework to predict the presence of defects in a given truss architecture based merely on its mechanical response., Team Sid Kumar

We consider a truss as a graph consisting of nodes and edges, and combine graph embedding (GE) and reinforcement learning (RL) to develop an agent for generating a stable assembly path for a truss with arbitrary configuration. GE is a method of embedding the features of a graph into a vector space. By using GE, the agent can obtain numerical information on neighboring members and nodes considering their connectivity. Since the stability of a structure is strongly affected by the relative positions of members and nodes, feature extraction by GE should be effective in considering the stability of a truss. The proposed method not only can train agents using trusses with arbitrary connectivity but also can apply trained agents to trusses with arbitrary connectivity, ensuring the versatility of the trained agents' applicability. In the numerical examples, the trained agents are verified to find rational assembly sequences for various trusses more than 1000 times faster than metaheuristic approaches. The trained agent is further implemented as a user-friendly component compatible with 3D modeling software.

This project consists of a recreational and aquatic center that will be located in the city of West Hollywood. Considering the vast number of residents the vision for this recreation center is to provide additional space for them to exercise, destress and develop a sense of community. The first floor is designated as the parking garage for the structure and will include an automated entry system. The majority of the second floor will serve as a 17,000 square foot multisport court namely for indoor basketball and volleyball. Within this area, no columns can be placed to meet the requirements for appropriate court standards. The following two floors will serve as viewing areas for the courts as well as storage. Lastly, the roof will have two pools; one of which is a junior Olympic-sized pool. This aspect makes the project especially challenging, because the pools will not have any supporting columns directly beneath them. Therefore, a system of steel trusses will be designed to efficiently transfer the heavy loads of the pools to the columns. All beams and columns within this building are reinforced concrete with exception to the pool deck which will include steel beams. There are two sets of staircases on opposite sides of the structure that run through each floor. Elevators are also included on each floor to meet accommodation requirements. The first floor is a 16 ft tall, parking garage. The columns in the garage are spaced to provide adequate room for an entrance/exit, elevators, stairs, and parking spaces. Most of the second floor was designated for the sports courts and bleachers. The 15 ft tall columns were placed outside of the courts to avoid interference with the courts while also providing structural support for the upper floors. The third floor follows a similar layout to the second floor in order to accommodate the sports courts. This floor is 11 ft tall and primarily consists of a lounge along with other storage facilities. The 4th level is designated fo

Inspired by crystallography, the periodic assembly of trusses into architected materials has enjoyed popularity for more than a decade and produced countless cellular structures with beneficial mechanical properties. Despite the successful and steady enrichment of the truss design space, the inverse design has remained a challenge: While predicting effective truss properties is now commonplace, efficiently identifying architectures that have homogeneous or spatially varying target properties has remained a roadblock to applications from lightweight structures to biomimetic implants. To overcome this gap, we propose a deep-learning framework, which combines neural networks with enforced physical constraints, to predict truss architectures with fully tailored anisotropic stiffness. Trained on millions of unit cells, it covers an enormous design space of topologically distinct truss lattices and accurately identifies architectures matching previously unseen stiffness responses. We demonstrate the application to patient-specific bone implants matching clinical stiffness data, and we discuss the extension to spatially graded cellular structures with locally optimal properties., Team Sid Kumar

Climate change and densification of cities are two major global challenges. Inthe building and construction industry, there are great expectations that tall timberbuildings will constitute one of the most sustainable solutions. First, verticalurban growth is energy and resource-efficient. Second, forest-based productsstore carbon and have one of the highest mechanical strength to density ratios.If the structural substitution of concrete and steel with wood in high-rise buildingsawakens fears of fire safety issues, engineers and researchers are particularlyworried about the dynamic response of the trendy tall timber buildings.Indeed, due to the low density of wood, they are lighter, and for the same height,they might be more sensitive to wind-induced vibrations than traditional buildings.To satisfy people’s comfort on the top floors, the serviceability design oftall timber buildings must consider wind-induced vibrations carefully. Architectsand structural engineers need accurate and verified calculation methods,useful numerical models and good knowledge of the dynamical properties oftall timber buildings. Firstly, the research work presented hereby attempts to increase the understandingof the dynamical phenomena of wind-induced vibration in tall buildings andevaluate the accuracy of the semi-empirical models available to estimate alongwindaccelerations in buildings. Secondly, it aims at, experimentally and numerically,studying the impact of structural parameters – masses, stiffnesses anddamping – on the dynamics of timber structures. Finally, it suggests how talltimber buildings can be modeled to correctly predict modal properties and windinducedresponses. This research thesis confirms the concerns that timber buildings above 15-20stories are more sensitive to wind excitation than traditional buildings with concreteand steel structures, and solutions are proposed to mitigate this vibrationissue. Regarding the comparison of models from different standards to estimatew, Klimatförändringar och förtätning av städer är två stora globala utmaningar. Inom bygg- och anläggningsbranschen finns det stora förväntningar på att höga trähus ska utgöra en av de mest hållbara lösningarna. Dels är vertikal förtätning i städer energi- och resurseffektiv, dels lagrar skogsbaserade produkter kol och har dessutom ett av de högsta förhållanden mellan mekanisk styrka och densitet. Om den strukturella ersättningen av stål och betong med trä i höghus väcker farhågor ur brandsäkerhetssynpunkt, är ingenjörer och forskare särskilt oroliga för den dynamiska responsen i de trendiga högre trähusen. På grund av träets låga densitet blir de lättare, och för samma höjd kan de vara känsligare för vindinducerade vibrationer än traditionella byggnader. För att tillfredsställa människors komfort på de översta våningarna måste projektören av höga trähus noga överväga vindinducerade vibrationer i bruksgränstillstånd. Arkitekter och byggnadsingenjörer behöver noggranna och verifierade beräkningsmetoder, användbara numeriska modeller och goda kunskaper om höga träbyggnaders dynamiska egenskaper. För det första avser detta forskningsarbete att öka förståelsen för den dynamiska effekten av vindinducerade vibrationer i höga byggnader och utvärdera noggrannheten hos de semi-empiriska modeller som finns tillgängliga för att uppskatta byggnadens accelerationer i vindriktningen. För det andra syftar det till att, experimentellt och numeriskt, studera effekterna av strukturella parametrar – massor, styvheter och dämpning – på träkonstruktioners dynamik. Slutligen undersöks hur höga träbyggnader kan modelleras för att korrekt förutsäga modala egenskaper och vindinducerade respons. Denna forskningsuppsats bekräftar farhågorna om att träbyggnader över 15-20 våningar är mer känsliga för vindexcitation än vanliga byggnader med betong- och stålstomme. Några lösningar föreslås för att mildra detta vibrationsproblem. När det gäller jämförelsen av modeller från olika standarder för att b, Le changement climatique et la densification des villes sont deux défis mondiaux majeurs. Dans le domaine de la construction, les bâtiments en bois de grande hauteur sont perçus comme l'une des solutions les plus durables. D'une part la croissance urbaine verticale est économe en énergie et en ressources, d'autre part les produits forestiers stockent le carbone et ont l'un des rapports résistance mécanique/densité les plus élevés. Si la substitution structurelle du bois au béton ou à l’acier dans les immeubles de grande hauteur suscite des craintes pour les problèmes de sécurité incendie, les ingénieurs et les chercheurs s'inquiètent particulièrement de la réponse dynamique des immeubles en bois de grande hauteur à la mode. En effet, du fait de la faible densité du bois, ils sont plus légers, et à hauteur égale, ils pourraient être plus sensibles aux vibrations induites par le vent que les immeubles traditionnels. Pour satisfaire le confort des personnes aux étages supérieurs, la conception des bâtiments en bois de grande hauteur doit tenir compte judicieusement des vibrations induites par le vent. Les architectes et les ingénieurs en structure ont besoin de méthodes de calcul précises et vérifiées, de modèles numériques utiles et d'une bonne connaissance des propriétés dynamiques des bâtiments en bois de grande hauteur. Premièrement, les travaux de recherche présentés ici tentent d’approfondir la compréhension des phénomènes dynamiques des vibrations induites par le vent dans les immeubles de grande hauteur et d'évaluer la précision des modèles semi-empiriques disponibles pour calculer les accélérations dans la direction du vent. Deuxièmement, ils visent à étudier expérimentalement et numériquement les impacts des paramètres structuraux – masses, rigidités et amortissements – sur la dynamique des structures bois. Finalement, ils suggèrent comment modéliser les bâtiments en bois de grande hauteur pour prédire correctement les propriétés modales et les réponses indui

The newly-developed method of graphic stability is applied to Robert Maillart’s iconic roof design at Chiasso. The truss has an unusual form which emerged from Maillart’s graphic statics as the shape dual to the symmetrical equilibrium forces. Although graphic statics can lead to highly efficient structural forms, there can be a tendency for diagonal bracing to be minimised or even eliminated, as at Chiasso. Whilst equilibrium is satisfied, there may be a decrease in stability, and it has previously not been possible to quantify this within the traditional graphical approach. Using Chiasso as an example, this paper demonstrates how the prestress stability of this and similar truss structures may now be assessed within the same graphical setting.

This project consists of a recreational and aquatic center that will be located in the city of West Hollywood. Considering the vast number of residents the vision for this recreation center is to provide additional space for them to exercise, destress and develop a sense of community. The first floor is designated as the parking garage for the structure and will include an automated entry system. The majority of the second floor will serve as a 17,000 square foot multisport court namely for indoor basketball and volleyball. Within this area, no columns can be placed to meet the requirements for appropriate court standards. The following two floors will serve as viewing areas for the courts as well as storage. Lastly, the roof will have two pools; one of which is a junior Olympic-sized pool. This aspect makes the project especially challenging, because the pools will not have any supporting columns directly beneath them. Therefore, a system of steel trusses will be designed to efficiently transfer the heavy loads of the pools to the columns. All beams and columns within this building are reinforced concrete with exception to the pool deck which will include steel beams. There are two sets of staircases on opposite sides of the structure that run through each floor. Elevators are also included on each floor to meet accommodation requirements. The first floor is a 16 ft tall, parking garage. The columns in the garage are spaced to provide adequate room for an entrance/exit, elevators, stairs, and parking spaces. Most of the second floor was designated for the sports courts and bleachers. The 15 ft tall columns were placed outside of the courts to avoid interference with the courts while also providing structural support for the upper floors. The third floor follows a similar layout to the second floor in order to accommodate the sports courts. This floor is 11 ft tall and primarily consists of a lounge along with other storage facilities. The 4th level is designated fo

This thesis project is about an associations union and territorial practice through the lens of collaborative construction. The project started with reading a newspaper article about an associations union being evicted from Fältöversten Centrum. The union contains 53 clubs, associations, and interest groups. I interviewed members of the different clubs and associations about what they liked about their old space and what they would like in a new space and outlined a program with them. The site is on the median of Valhallavägen, a boulevard in central Stockholm. The site is poor, given it’s surroundings of noteworthy architecture and significance within the cities grid. I conducted experiments to learn about the site. One being an on-site chair building workshop that contributed its’ resultant chairs to the site for public use. The chairs movements and orientations around the site were documented. The proposal is a series of small houses spread throughout the site. In order to provide a construction method that’s both appropriate for self builders and spatially interesting, I adapted construction principles discovered during the chair workshop: beams joined by form-cut panels to created 2d trusses. The trusses intend to provide levels of spatial interest in the interior, as well as being a lexicon of the structures principles. the plans of the houses are left intentionally under-designed, the intention being that this leaves the interiors free for appropriation. Spaces include atelier spaces, workshops, makers spaces, meeting rooms, kitchens, auditoriums, greenhouse and a dancehall. The intention of these spaces, their location, orientations, construction and program are to manifest a parallel city, a deconstructed landmark of shared resources and knowledge, and a porous, inclusive, urban image.

This thesis project is about an associations union and territorial practice through the lens of collaborative construction. The project started with reading a newspaper article about an associations union being evicted from Fältöversten Centrum. The union contains 53 clubs, associations, and interest groups. I interviewed members of the different clubs and associations about what they liked about their old space and what they would like in a new space and outlined a program with them. The site is on the median of Valhallavägen, a boulevard in central Stockholm. The site is poor, given it’s surroundings of noteworthy architecture and significance within the cities grid. I conducted experiments to learn about the site. One being an on-site chair building workshop that contributed its’ resultant chairs to the site for public use. The chairs movements and orientations around the site were documented. The proposal is a series of small houses spread throughout the site. In order to provide a construction method that’s both appropriate for self builders and spatially interesting, I adapted construction principles discovered during the chair workshop: beams joined by form-cut panels to created 2d trusses. The trusses intend to provide levels of spatial interest in the interior, as well as being a lexicon of the structures principles. the plans of the houses are left intentionally under-designed, the intention being that this leaves the interiors free for appropriation. Spaces include atelier spaces, workshops, makers spaces, meeting rooms, kitchens, auditoriums, greenhouse and a dancehall. The intention of these spaces, their location, orientations, construction and program are to manifest a parallel city, a deconstructed landmark of shared resources and knowledge, and a porous, inclusive, urban image.

Climate change and densification of cities are two major global challenges. Inthe building and construction industry, there are great expectations that tall timberbuildings will constitute one of the most sustainable solutions. First, verticalurban growth is energy and resource-efficient. Second, forest-based productsstore carbon and have one of the highest mechanical strength to density ratios.If the structural substitution of concrete and steel with wood in high-rise buildingsawakens fears of fire safety issues, engineers and researchers are particularlyworried about the dynamic response of the trendy tall timber buildings.Indeed, due to the low density of wood, they are lighter, and for the same height,they might be more sensitive to wind-induced vibrations than traditional buildings.To satisfy people’s comfort on the top floors, the serviceability design oftall timber buildings must consider wind-induced vibrations carefully. Architectsand structural engineers need accurate and verified calculation methods,useful numerical models and good knowledge of the dynamical properties oftall timber buildings. Firstly, the research work presented hereby attempts to increase the understandingof the dynamical phenomena of wind-induced vibration in tall buildings andevaluate the accuracy of the semi-empirical models available to estimate alongwindaccelerations in buildings. Secondly, it aims at, experimentally and numerically,studying the impact of structural parameters – masses, stiffnesses anddamping – on the dynamics of timber structures. Finally, it suggests how talltimber buildings can be modeled to correctly predict modal properties and windinducedresponses. This research thesis confirms the concerns that timber buildings above 15-20stories are more sensitive to wind excitation than traditional buildings with concreteand steel structures, and solutions are proposed to mitigate this vibrationissue. Regarding the comparison of models from different standards to estimatew, Klimatförändringar och förtätning av städer är två stora globala utmaningar. Inom bygg- och anläggningsbranschen finns det stora förväntningar på att höga trähus ska utgöra en av de mest hållbara lösningarna. Dels är vertikal förtätning i städer energi- och resurseffektiv, dels lagrar skogsbaserade produkter kol och har dessutom ett av de högsta förhållanden mellan mekanisk styrka och densitet. Om den strukturella ersättningen av stål och betong med trä i höghus väcker farhågor ur brandsäkerhetssynpunkt, är ingenjörer och forskare särskilt oroliga för den dynamiska responsen i de trendiga högre trähusen. På grund av träets låga densitet blir de lättare, och för samma höjd kan de vara känsligare för vindinducerade vibrationer än traditionella byggnader. För att tillfredsställa människors komfort på de översta våningarna måste projektören av höga trähus noga överväga vindinducerade vibrationer i bruksgränstillstånd. Arkitekter och byggnadsingenjörer behöver noggranna och verifierade beräkningsmetoder, användbara numeriska modeller och goda kunskaper om höga träbyggnaders dynamiska egenskaper. För det första avser detta forskningsarbete att öka förståelsen för den dynamiska effekten av vindinducerade vibrationer i höga byggnader och utvärdera noggrannheten hos de semi-empiriska modeller som finns tillgängliga för att uppskatta byggnadens accelerationer i vindriktningen. För det andra syftar det till att, experimentellt och numeriskt, studera effekterna av strukturella parametrar – massor, styvheter och dämpning – på träkonstruktioners dynamik. Slutligen undersöks hur höga träbyggnader kan modelleras för att korrekt förutsäga modala egenskaper och vindinducerade respons. Denna forskningsuppsats bekräftar farhågorna om att träbyggnader över 15-20 våningar är mer känsliga för vindexcitation än vanliga byggnader med betong- och stålstomme. Några lösningar föreslås för att mildra detta vibrationsproblem. När det gäller jämförelsen av modeller från olika standarder för att b, Le changement climatique et la densification des villes sont deux défis mondiaux majeurs. Dans le domaine de la construction, les bâtiments en bois de grande hauteur sont perçus comme l'une des solutions les plus durables. D'une part la croissance urbaine verticale est économe en énergie et en ressources, d'autre part les produits forestiers stockent le carbone et ont l'un des rapports résistance mécanique/densité les plus élevés. Si la substitution structurelle du bois au béton ou à l’acier dans les immeubles de grande hauteur suscite des craintes pour les problèmes de sécurité incendie, les ingénieurs et les chercheurs s'inquiètent particulièrement de la réponse dynamique des immeubles en bois de grande hauteur à la mode. En effet, du fait de la faible densité du bois, ils sont plus légers, et à hauteur égale, ils pourraient être plus sensibles aux vibrations induites par le vent que les immeubles traditionnels. Pour satisfaire le confort des personnes aux étages supérieurs, la conception des bâtiments en bois de grande hauteur doit tenir compte judicieusement des vibrations induites par le vent. Les architectes et les ingénieurs en structure ont besoin de méthodes de calcul précises et vérifiées, de modèles numériques utiles et d'une bonne connaissance des propriétés dynamiques des bâtiments en bois de grande hauteur. Premièrement, les travaux de recherche présentés ici tentent d’approfondir la compréhension des phénomènes dynamiques des vibrations induites par le vent dans les immeubles de grande hauteur et d'évaluer la précision des modèles semi-empiriques disponibles pour calculer les accélérations dans la direction du vent. Deuxièmement, ils visent à étudier expérimentalement et numériquement les impacts des paramètres structuraux – masses, rigidités et amortissements – sur la dynamique des structures bois. Finalement, ils suggèrent comment modéliser les bâtiments en bois de grande hauteur pour prédire correctement les propriétés modales et les réponses indui

Climate change and densification of cities are two major global challenges. Inthe building and construction industry, there are great expectations that tall timberbuildings will constitute one of the most sustainable solutions. First, verticalurban growth is energy and resource-efficient. Second, forest-based productsstore carbon and have one of the highest mechanical strength to density ratios.If the structural substitution of concrete and steel with wood in high-rise buildingsawakens fears of fire safety issues, engineers and researchers are particularlyworried about the dynamic response of the trendy tall timber buildings.Indeed, due to the low density of wood, they are lighter, and for the same height,they might be more sensitive to wind-induced vibrations than traditional buildings.To satisfy people’s comfort on the top floors, the serviceability design oftall timber buildings must consider wind-induced vibrations carefully. Architectsand structural engineers need accurate and verified calculation methods,useful numerical models and good knowledge of the dynamical properties oftall timber buildings. Firstly, the research work presented hereby attempts to increase the understandingof the dynamical phenomena of wind-induced vibration in tall buildings andevaluate the accuracy of the semi-empirical models available to estimate alongwindaccelerations in buildings. Secondly, it aims at, experimentally and numerically,studying the impact of structural parameters – masses, stiffnesses anddamping – on the dynamics of timber structures. Finally, it suggests how talltimber buildings can be modeled to correctly predict modal properties and windinducedresponses. This research thesis confirms the concerns that timber buildings above 15-20stories are more sensitive to wind excitation than traditional buildings with concreteand steel structures, and solutions are proposed to mitigate this vibrationissue. Regarding the comparison of models from different standards to estimatew, Klimatförändringar och förtätning av städer är två stora globala utmaningar. Inom bygg- och anläggningsbranschen finns det stora förväntningar på att höga trähus ska utgöra en av de mest hållbara lösningarna. Dels är vertikal förtätning i städer energi- och resurseffektiv, dels lagrar skogsbaserade produkter kol och har dessutom ett av de högsta förhållanden mellan mekanisk styrka och densitet. Om den strukturella ersättningen av stål och betong med trä i höghus väcker farhågor ur brandsäkerhetssynpunkt, är ingenjörer och forskare särskilt oroliga för den dynamiska responsen i de trendiga högre trähusen. På grund av träets låga densitet blir de lättare, och för samma höjd kan de vara känsligare för vindinducerade vibrationer än traditionella byggnader. För att tillfredsställa människors komfort på de översta våningarna måste projektören av höga trähus noga överväga vindinducerade vibrationer i bruksgränstillstånd. Arkitekter och byggnadsingenjörer behöver noggranna och verifierade beräkningsmetoder, användbara numeriska modeller och goda kunskaper om höga träbyggnaders dynamiska egenskaper. För det första avser detta forskningsarbete att öka förståelsen för den dynamiska effekten av vindinducerade vibrationer i höga byggnader och utvärdera noggrannheten hos de semi-empiriska modeller som finns tillgängliga för att uppskatta byggnadens accelerationer i vindriktningen. För det andra syftar det till att, experimentellt och numeriskt, studera effekterna av strukturella parametrar – massor, styvheter och dämpning – på träkonstruktioners dynamik. Slutligen undersöks hur höga träbyggnader kan modelleras för att korrekt förutsäga modala egenskaper och vindinducerade respons. Denna forskningsuppsats bekräftar farhågorna om att träbyggnader över 15-20 våningar är mer känsliga för vindexcitation än vanliga byggnader med betong- och stålstomme. Några lösningar föreslås för att mildra detta vibrationsproblem. När det gäller jämförelsen av modeller från olika standarder för att b, Le changement climatique et la densification des villes sont deux défis mondiaux majeurs. Dans le domaine de la construction, les bâtiments en bois de grande hauteur sont perçus comme l'une des solutions les plus durables. D'une part la croissance urbaine verticale est économe en énergie et en ressources, d'autre part les produits forestiers stockent le carbone et ont l'un des rapports résistance mécanique/densité les plus élevés. Si la substitution structurelle du bois au béton ou à l’acier dans les immeubles de grande hauteur suscite des craintes pour les problèmes de sécurité incendie, les ingénieurs et les chercheurs s'inquiètent particulièrement de la réponse dynamique des immeubles en bois de grande hauteur à la mode. En effet, du fait de la faible densité du bois, ils sont plus légers, et à hauteur égale, ils pourraient être plus sensibles aux vibrations induites par le vent que les immeubles traditionnels. Pour satisfaire le confort des personnes aux étages supérieurs, la conception des bâtiments en bois de grande hauteur doit tenir compte judicieusement des vibrations induites par le vent. Les architectes et les ingénieurs en structure ont besoin de méthodes de calcul précises et vérifiées, de modèles numériques utiles et d'une bonne connaissance des propriétés dynamiques des bâtiments en bois de grande hauteur. Premièrement, les travaux de recherche présentés ici tentent d’approfondir la compréhension des phénomènes dynamiques des vibrations induites par le vent dans les immeubles de grande hauteur et d'évaluer la précision des modèles semi-empiriques disponibles pour calculer les accélérations dans la direction du vent. Deuxièmement, ils visent à étudier expérimentalement et numériquement les impacts des paramètres structuraux – masses, rigidités et amortissements – sur la dynamique des structures bois. Finalement, ils suggèrent comment modéliser les bâtiments en bois de grande hauteur pour prédire correctement les propriétés modales et les réponses indui

Climate change and densification of cities are two major global challenges. Inthe building and construction industry, there are great expectations that tall timberbuildings will constitute one of the most sustainable solutions. First, verticalurban growth is energy and resource-efficient. Second, forest-based productsstore carbon and have one of the highest mechanical strength to density ratios.If the structural substitution of concrete and steel with wood in high-rise buildingsawakens fears of fire safety issues, engineers and researchers are particularlyworried about the dynamic response of the trendy tall timber buildings.Indeed, due to the low density of wood, they are lighter, and for the same height,they might be more sensitive to wind-induced vibrations than traditional buildings.To satisfy people’s comfort on the top floors, the serviceability design oftall timber buildings must consider wind-induced vibrations carefully. Architectsand structural engineers need accurate and verified calculation methods,useful numerical models and good knowledge of the dynamical properties oftall timber buildings. Firstly, the research work presented hereby attempts to increase the understandingof the dynamical phenomena of wind-induced vibration in tall buildings andevaluate the accuracy of the semi-empirical models available to estimate alongwindaccelerations in buildings. Secondly, it aims at, experimentally and numerically,studying the impact of structural parameters – masses, stiffnesses anddamping – on the dynamics of timber structures. Finally, it suggests how talltimber buildings can be modeled to correctly predict modal properties and windinducedresponses. This research thesis confirms the concerns that timber buildings above 15-20stories are more sensitive to wind excitation than traditional buildings with concreteand steel structures, and solutions are proposed to mitigate this vibrationissue. Regarding the comparison of models from different standards to estimatew, Klimatförändringar och förtätning av städer är två stora globala utmaningar. Inom bygg- och anläggningsbranschen finns det stora förväntningar på att höga trähus ska utgöra en av de mest hållbara lösningarna. Dels är vertikal förtätning i städer energi- och resurseffektiv, dels lagrar skogsbaserade produkter kol och har dessutom ett av de högsta förhållanden mellan mekanisk styrka och densitet. Om den strukturella ersättningen av stål och betong med trä i höghus väcker farhågor ur brandsäkerhetssynpunkt, är ingenjörer och forskare särskilt oroliga för den dynamiska responsen i de trendiga högre trähusen. På grund av träets låga densitet blir de lättare, och för samma höjd kan de vara känsligare för vindinducerade vibrationer än traditionella byggnader. För att tillfredsställa människors komfort på de översta våningarna måste projektören av höga trähus noga överväga vindinducerade vibrationer i bruksgränstillstånd. Arkitekter och byggnadsingenjörer behöver noggranna och verifierade beräkningsmetoder, användbara numeriska modeller och goda kunskaper om höga träbyggnaders dynamiska egenskaper. För det första avser detta forskningsarbete att öka förståelsen för den dynamiska effekten av vindinducerade vibrationer i höga byggnader och utvärdera noggrannheten hos de semi-empiriska modeller som finns tillgängliga för att uppskatta byggnadens accelerationer i vindriktningen. För det andra syftar det till att, experimentellt och numeriskt, studera effekterna av strukturella parametrar – massor, styvheter och dämpning – på träkonstruktioners dynamik. Slutligen undersöks hur höga träbyggnader kan modelleras för att korrekt förutsäga modala egenskaper och vindinducerade respons. Denna forskningsuppsats bekräftar farhågorna om att träbyggnader över 15-20 våningar är mer känsliga för vindexcitation än vanliga byggnader med betong- och stålstomme. Några lösningar föreslås för att mildra detta vibrationsproblem. När det gäller jämförelsen av modeller från olika standarder för att b, Le changement climatique et la densification des villes sont deux défis mondiaux majeurs. Dans le domaine de la construction, les bâtiments en bois de grande hauteur sont perçus comme l'une des solutions les plus durables. D'une part la croissance urbaine verticale est économe en énergie et en ressources, d'autre part les produits forestiers stockent le carbone et ont l'un des rapports résistance mécanique/densité les plus élevés. Si la substitution structurelle du bois au béton ou à l’acier dans les immeubles de grande hauteur suscite des craintes pour les problèmes de sécurité incendie, les ingénieurs et les chercheurs s'inquiètent particulièrement de la réponse dynamique des immeubles en bois de grande hauteur à la mode. En effet, du fait de la faible densité du bois, ils sont plus légers, et à hauteur égale, ils pourraient être plus sensibles aux vibrations induites par le vent que les immeubles traditionnels. Pour satisfaire le confort des personnes aux étages supérieurs, la conception des bâtiments en bois de grande hauteur doit tenir compte judicieusement des vibrations induites par le vent. Les architectes et les ingénieurs en structure ont besoin de méthodes de calcul précises et vérifiées, de modèles numériques utiles et d'une bonne connaissance des propriétés dynamiques des bâtiments en bois de grande hauteur. Premièrement, les travaux de recherche présentés ici tentent d’approfondir la compréhension des phénomènes dynamiques des vibrations induites par le vent dans les immeubles de grande hauteur et d'évaluer la précision des modèles semi-empiriques disponibles pour calculer les accélérations dans la direction du vent. Deuxièmement, ils visent à étudier expérimentalement et numériquement les impacts des paramètres structuraux – masses, rigidités et amortissements – sur la dynamique des structures bois. Finalement, ils suggèrent comment modéliser les bâtiments en bois de grande hauteur pour prédire correctement les propriétés modales et les réponses indui

Climate change and densification of cities are two major global challenges. Inthe building and construction industry, there are great expectations that tall timberbuildings will constitute one of the most sustainable solutions. First, verticalurban growth is energy and resource-efficient. Second, forest-based productsstore carbon and have one of the highest mechanical strength to density ratios.If the structural substitution of concrete and steel with wood in high-rise buildingsawakens fears of fire safety issues, engineers and researchers are particularlyworried about the dynamic response of the trendy tall timber buildings.Indeed, due to the low density of wood, they are lighter, and for the same height,they might be more sensitive to wind-induced vibrations than traditional buildings.To satisfy people’s comfort on the top floors, the serviceability design oftall timber buildings must consider wind-induced vibrations carefully. Architectsand structural engineers need accurate and verified calculation methods,useful numerical models and good knowledge of the dynamical properties oftall timber buildings. Firstly, the research work presented hereby attempts to increase the understandingof the dynamical phenomena of wind-induced vibration in tall buildings andevaluate the accuracy of the semi-empirical models available to estimate alongwindaccelerations in buildings. Secondly, it aims at, experimentally and numerically,studying the impact of structural parameters – masses, stiffnesses anddamping – on the dynamics of timber structures. Finally, it suggests how talltimber buildings can be modeled to correctly predict modal properties and windinducedresponses. This research thesis confirms the concerns that timber buildings above 15-20stories are more sensitive to wind excitation than traditional buildings with concreteand steel structures, and solutions are proposed to mitigate this vibrationissue. Regarding the comparison of models from different standards to estimatew, Klimatförändringar och förtätning av städer är två stora globala utmaningar. Inom bygg- och anläggningsbranschen finns det stora förväntningar på att höga trähus ska utgöra en av de mest hållbara lösningarna. Dels är vertikal förtätning i städer energi- och resurseffektiv, dels lagrar skogsbaserade produkter kol och har dessutom ett av de högsta förhållanden mellan mekanisk styrka och densitet. Om den strukturella ersättningen av stål och betong med trä i höghus väcker farhågor ur brandsäkerhetssynpunkt, är ingenjörer och forskare särskilt oroliga för den dynamiska responsen i de trendiga högre trähusen. På grund av träets låga densitet blir de lättare, och för samma höjd kan de vara känsligare för vindinducerade vibrationer än traditionella byggnader. För att tillfredsställa människors komfort på de översta våningarna måste projektören av höga trähus noga överväga vindinducerade vibrationer i bruksgränstillstånd. Arkitekter och byggnadsingenjörer behöver noggranna och verifierade beräkningsmetoder, användbara numeriska modeller och goda kunskaper om höga träbyggnaders dynamiska egenskaper. För det första avser detta forskningsarbete att öka förståelsen för den dynamiska effekten av vindinducerade vibrationer i höga byggnader och utvärdera noggrannheten hos de semi-empiriska modeller som finns tillgängliga för att uppskatta byggnadens accelerationer i vindriktningen. För det andra syftar det till att, experimentellt och numeriskt, studera effekterna av strukturella parametrar – massor, styvheter och dämpning – på träkonstruktioners dynamik. Slutligen undersöks hur höga träbyggnader kan modelleras för att korrekt förutsäga modala egenskaper och vindinducerade respons. Denna forskningsuppsats bekräftar farhågorna om att träbyggnader över 15-20 våningar är mer känsliga för vindexcitation än vanliga byggnader med betong- och stålstomme. Några lösningar föreslås för att mildra detta vibrationsproblem. När det gäller jämförelsen av modeller från olika standarder för att b, Le changement climatique et la densification des villes sont deux défis mondiaux majeurs. Dans le domaine de la construction, les bâtiments en bois de grande hauteur sont perçus comme l'une des solutions les plus durables. D'une part la croissance urbaine verticale est économe en énergie et en ressources, d'autre part les produits forestiers stockent le carbone et ont l'un des rapports résistance mécanique/densité les plus élevés. Si la substitution structurelle du bois au béton ou à l’acier dans les immeubles de grande hauteur suscite des craintes pour les problèmes de sécurité incendie, les ingénieurs et les chercheurs s'inquiètent particulièrement de la réponse dynamique des immeubles en bois de grande hauteur à la mode. En effet, du fait de la faible densité du bois, ils sont plus légers, et à hauteur égale, ils pourraient être plus sensibles aux vibrations induites par le vent que les immeubles traditionnels. Pour satisfaire le confort des personnes aux étages supérieurs, la conception des bâtiments en bois de grande hauteur doit tenir compte judicieusement des vibrations induites par le vent. Les architectes et les ingénieurs en structure ont besoin de méthodes de calcul précises et vérifiées, de modèles numériques utiles et d'une bonne connaissance des propriétés dynamiques des bâtiments en bois de grande hauteur. Premièrement, les travaux de recherche présentés ici tentent d’approfondir la compréhension des phénomènes dynamiques des vibrations induites par le vent dans les immeubles de grande hauteur et d'évaluer la précision des modèles semi-empiriques disponibles pour calculer les accélérations dans la direction du vent. Deuxièmement, ils visent à étudier expérimentalement et numériquement les impacts des paramètres structuraux – masses, rigidités et amortissements – sur la dynamique des structures bois. Finalement, ils suggèrent comment modéliser les bâtiments en bois de grande hauteur pour prédire correctement les propriétés modales et les réponses indui

Categorical aspects of the theory of modules over trusses are studied. Tensor product of modules over trusses is defined and its existence established. In particular, it is shown that bimodules over trusses form a monoidal category. Truss versions of the Eilenberg-Watts theorem and Morita equivalence are formulated. Projective and small-projective modules over trusses are defined and their properties studied., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/inPress

Climate change and densification of cities are two major global challenges. Inthe building and construction industry, there are great expectations that tall timberbuildings will constitute one of the most sustainable solutions. First, verticalurban growth is energy and resource-efficient. Second, forest-based productsstore carbon and have one of the highest mechanical strength to density ratios.If the structural substitution of concrete and steel with wood in high-rise buildingsawakens fears of fire safety issues, engineers and researchers are particularlyworried about the dynamic response of the trendy tall timber buildings.Indeed, due to the low density of wood, they are lighter, and for the same height,they might be more sensitive to wind-induced vibrations than traditional buildings.To satisfy people’s comfort on the top floors, the serviceability design oftall timber buildings must consider wind-induced vibrations carefully. Architectsand structural engineers need accurate and verified calculation methods,useful numerical models and good knowledge of the dynamical properties oftall timber buildings. Firstly, the research work presented hereby attempts to increase the understandingof the dynamical phenomena of wind-induced vibration in tall buildings andevaluate the accuracy of the semi-empirical models available to estimate alongwindaccelerations in buildings. Secondly, it aims at, experimentally and numerically,studying the impact of structural parameters – masses, stiffnesses anddamping – on the dynamics of timber structures. Finally, it suggests how talltimber buildings can be modeled to correctly predict modal properties and windinducedresponses. This research thesis confirms the concerns that timber buildings above 15-20stories are more sensitive to wind excitation than traditional buildings with concreteand steel structures, and solutions are proposed to mitigate this vibrationissue. Regarding the comparison of models from different standards to estimatew, Klimatförändringar och förtätning av städer är två stora globala utmaningar. Inom bygg- och anläggningsbranschen finns det stora förväntningar på att höga trähus ska utgöra en av de mest hållbara lösningarna. Dels är vertikal förtätning i städer energi- och resurseffektiv, dels lagrar skogsbaserade produkter kol och har dessutom ett av de högsta förhållanden mellan mekanisk styrka och densitet. Om den strukturella ersättningen av stål och betong med trä i höghus väcker farhågor ur brandsäkerhetssynpunkt, är ingenjörer och forskare särskilt oroliga för den dynamiska responsen i de trendiga högre trähusen. På grund av träets låga densitet blir de lättare, och för samma höjd kan de vara känsligare för vindinducerade vibrationer än traditionella byggnader. För att tillfredsställa människors komfort på de översta våningarna måste projektören av höga trähus noga överväga vindinducerade vibrationer i bruksgränstillstånd. Arkitekter och byggnadsingenjörer behöver noggranna och verifierade beräkningsmetoder, användbara numeriska modeller och goda kunskaper om höga träbyggnaders dynamiska egenskaper. För det första avser detta forskningsarbete att öka förståelsen för den dynamiska effekten av vindinducerade vibrationer i höga byggnader och utvärdera noggrannheten hos de semi-empiriska modeller som finns tillgängliga för att uppskatta byggnadens accelerationer i vindriktningen. För det andra syftar det till att, experimentellt och numeriskt, studera effekterna av strukturella parametrar – massor, styvheter och dämpning – på träkonstruktioners dynamik. Slutligen undersöks hur höga träbyggnader kan modelleras för att korrekt förutsäga modala egenskaper och vindinducerade respons. Denna forskningsuppsats bekräftar farhågorna om att träbyggnader över 15-20 våningar är mer känsliga för vindexcitation än vanliga byggnader med betong- och stålstomme. Några lösningar föreslås för att mildra detta vibrationsproblem. När det gäller jämförelsen av modeller från olika standarder för att b, Le changement climatique et la densification des villes sont deux défis mondiaux majeurs. Dans le domaine de la construction, les bâtiments en bois de grande hauteur sont perçus comme l'une des solutions les plus durables. D'une part la croissance urbaine verticale est économe en énergie et en ressources, d'autre part les produits forestiers stockent le carbone et ont l'un des rapports résistance mécanique/densité les plus élevés. Si la substitution structurelle du bois au béton ou à l’acier dans les immeubles de grande hauteur suscite des craintes pour les problèmes de sécurité incendie, les ingénieurs et les chercheurs s'inquiètent particulièrement de la réponse dynamique des immeubles en bois de grande hauteur à la mode. En effet, du fait de la faible densité du bois, ils sont plus légers, et à hauteur égale, ils pourraient être plus sensibles aux vibrations induites par le vent que les immeubles traditionnels. Pour satisfaire le confort des personnes aux étages supérieurs, la conception des bâtiments en bois de grande hauteur doit tenir compte judicieusement des vibrations induites par le vent. Les architectes et les ingénieurs en structure ont besoin de méthodes de calcul précises et vérifiées, de modèles numériques utiles et d'une bonne connaissance des propriétés dynamiques des bâtiments en bois de grande hauteur. Premièrement, les travaux de recherche présentés ici tentent d’approfondir la compréhension des phénomènes dynamiques des vibrations induites par le vent dans les immeubles de grande hauteur et d'évaluer la précision des modèles semi-empiriques disponibles pour calculer les accélérations dans la direction du vent. Deuxièmement, ils visent à étudier expérimentalement et numériquement les impacts des paramètres structuraux – masses, rigidités et amortissements – sur la dynamique des structures bois. Finalement, ils suggèrent comment modéliser les bâtiments en bois de grande hauteur pour prédire correctement les propriétés modales et les réponses indui

Inspired by crystallography, the periodic assembly of trusses into architected materials has enjoyed popularity for more than a decade and produced countless cellular structures with beneficial mechanical properties. Despite the successful and steady enrichment of the truss design space, the inverse design has remained a challenge: While predicting effective truss properties is now commonplace, efficiently identifying architectures that have homogeneous or spatially varying target properties has remained a roadblock to applications from lightweight structures to biomimetic implants. To overcome this gap, we propose a deep-learning framework, which combines neural networks with enforced physical constraints, to predict truss architectures with fully tailored anisotropic stiffness. Trained on millions of unit cells, it covers an enormous design space of topologically distinct truss lattices and accurately identifies architectures matching previously unseen stiffness responses. We demonstrate the application to patient-specific bone implants matching clinical stiffness data, and we discuss the extension to spatially graded cellular structures with locally optimal properties., Team Sid Kumar

[ES] En el presente proyecto se plantea el diseño y dimensionado de una nave para la valorización de residuos agroforestales procedentes de la poda de cultivos de secano para la obtención de pellets en el municipio de Albocàsser en Castellón. La nave se emplaza en una parcela del término municipal de Albocàsser clasificada en el actual Plan General de Ordenación Urbana como suelo urbanizable industrial. La nave dispone de todos los espacios necesarios para el procesamiento de los residuos desde su entrada en planta hasta su salida convertido en pellets. Para llevar acabo todo el proceso se ha diseñado la nave y zonas auxiliares con los siguientes espacios: zona de recepción de la biomasa, zona de maquinaria para el procesado, zona de almacenaje y dependencias para el personal, incluyendo vestuarios y oficina. La edificación ha sido diseñada de planta rectangular, con 16m de ancho y 30m de longitud, con una superficie total de 480 m2, en una sola planta y con estructura metálica sobre cimentación de hormigón condicionada por el estudio geotécnico particular obtenido en el municipio de Albocàsser. El proyecto desarrolla la definición, justificación, cálculos, costes y diseño final de los elementos constructivos principales, de las instalaciones eléctricas, de la red de suministro de aguas y saneamiento de la nave necesarios para el desarrollo de la actividad. Se aportan los siguientes documentos: memoria descriptiva, anejos de justificación de la ubicación, cálculos de construcción, red de distribución de aguas, red de evacuación de aguas e instalación eléctrica. También se incluyen los planos generales y específicos de cada anejo, el presupuesto general del proyecto, el pliego de condiciones y el estudio básico de seguridad y salud., [EN] This project shows the design and size of a warehouse for the valuation of agroforestry waste which come from the pruning of dry land crops to obtain pellets in Albocàsser, Castellón. The warehouse is located on a plot of the municipality of Albocàsser classified in the current General Urban Planning Plan as industrial urban land. The warehouse has all the necessary spaces to process the waste from its entrance until the exit transformed into pellets. To accomplish the whole process, the warehouse and auxiliary areas have been designed with the following spaces: biomass reception area, machinery area for processing, storage area and dependencies for staff, including changing rooms and an office. The building has been design with a rectangular floor plan, 16m wide and 30m length with a total area of 480 m2, in only one floor and with a metal structure on concrete foundation conditioned by the geotechnical study obtained in the municipality of Albocàsser. The project develops the definition, justification, calculation, costs and final design of the main constructed element, electrical installations of the water supply networks and sanitation of the warehouse necessary for the development of the activity. The following documents are provided: real memory, annexes of the justification of the location, construction calculations, distribution network of water, water network, evacuation and electrical installation. It also includes the general and specific plans of each annex, the general budget of the project, solicitation documents and the basic study of security and health.

[ES] En el presente proyecto se plantea el diseño y dimensionado de una nave para la valorización de residuos agroforestales procedentes de la poda de cultivos de secano para la obtención de pellets en el municipio de Albocàsser en Castellón. La nave se emplaza en una parcela del término municipal de Albocàsser clasificada en el actual Plan General de Ordenación Urbana como suelo urbanizable industrial. La nave dispone de todos los espacios necesarios para el procesamiento de los residuos desde su entrada en planta hasta su salida convertido en pellets. Para llevar acabo todo el proceso se ha diseñado la nave y zonas auxiliares con los siguientes espacios: zona de recepción de la biomasa, zona de maquinaria para el procesado, zona de almacenaje y dependencias para el personal, incluyendo vestuarios y oficina. La edificación ha sido diseñada de planta rectangular, con 16m de ancho y 30m de longitud, con una superficie total de 480 m2, en una sola planta y con estructura metálica sobre cimentación de hormigón condicionada por el estudio geotécnico particular obtenido en el municipio de Albocàsser. El proyecto desarrolla la definición, justificación, cálculos, costes y diseño final de los elementos constructivos principales, de las instalaciones eléctricas, de la red de suministro de aguas y saneamiento de la nave necesarios para el desarrollo de la actividad. Se aportan los siguientes documentos: memoria descriptiva, anejos de justificación de la ubicación, cálculos de construcción, red de distribución de aguas, red de evacuación de aguas e instalación eléctrica. También se incluyen los planos generales y específicos de cada anejo, el presupuesto general del proyecto, el pliego de condiciones y el estudio básico de seguridad y salud., [EN] This project shows the design and size of a warehouse for the valuation of agroforestry waste which come from the pruning of dry land crops to obtain pellets in Albocàsser, Castellón. The warehouse is located on a plot of the municipality of Albocàsser classified in the current General Urban Planning Plan as industrial urban land. The warehouse has all the necessary spaces to process the waste from its entrance until the exit transformed into pellets. To accomplish the whole process, the warehouse and auxiliary areas have been designed with the following spaces: biomass reception area, machinery area for processing, storage area and dependencies for staff, including changing rooms and an office. The building has been design with a rectangular floor plan, 16m wide and 30m length with a total area of 480 m2, in only one floor and with a metal structure on concrete foundation conditioned by the geotechnical study obtained in the municipality of Albocàsser. The project develops the definition, justification, calculation, costs and final design of the main constructed element, electrical installations of the water supply networks and sanitation of the warehouse necessary for the development of the activity. The following documents are provided: real memory, annexes of the justification of the location, construction calculations, distribution network of water, water network, evacuation and electrical installation. It also includes the general and specific plans of each annex, the general budget of the project, solicitation documents and the basic study of security and health.

[ES] Se va a desarrollar el proyecto básico de una pasarela mixta con pretensado exterior, desarrollando un estudio sobre la viabilidad de la construcción, así como la metodología y su costo aproximado. También se va a desarrollar los cálculos de esta misma en fase de construcción y puesta en servicio. El empleo del pretensado exterior se decidirá justificadamente en la fase final en la conclusión, en la que se estudiará el comportamiento de la estructura con y sin pretensado exterior. En su caso se realizará la pasarela con estructura mixta sin pretensado exterior. El alumno desarrolla todo lo relacionado con el diseño y cálculo de las estructuras., [EN] In this work, a basic project of a concrete and steel composite footbridge with external prestressed steel, and a study on the feasibility of construction and its approximate cost, will be developed. The use of external prestressed steel shall be decided in the final stage, on the basis of the analysis of the structural behaviour with and without external prestress. The student develops everything related to the design and calculation of structures and the study of solutions.

[ES] En el presente proyecto se plantea el diseño y dimensionado de una nave para la valorización de residuos agroforestales procedentes de la poda de cultivos de secano para la obtención de pellets en el municipio de Albocàsser en Castellón. La nave se emplaza en una parcela del término municipal de Albocàsser clasificada en el actual Plan General de Ordenación Urbana como suelo urbanizable industrial. La nave dispone de todos los espacios necesarios para el procesamiento de los residuos desde su entrada en planta hasta su salida convertido en pellets. Para llevar acabo todo el proceso se ha diseñado la nave y zonas auxiliares con los siguientes espacios: zona de recepción de la biomasa, zona de maquinaria para el procesado, zona de almacenaje y dependencias para el personal, incluyendo vestuarios y oficina. La edificación ha sido diseñada de planta rectangular, con 16m de ancho y 30m de longitud, con una superficie total de 480 m2, en una sola planta y con estructura metálica sobre cimentación de hormigón condicionada por el estudio geotécnico particular obtenido en el municipio de Albocàsser. El proyecto desarrolla la definición, justificación, cálculos, costes y diseño final de los elementos constructivos principales, de las instalaciones eléctricas, de la red de suministro de aguas y saneamiento de la nave necesarios para el desarrollo de la actividad. Se aportan los siguientes documentos: memoria descriptiva, anejos de justificación de la ubicación, cálculos de construcción, red de distribución de aguas, red de evacuación de aguas e instalación eléctrica. También se incluyen los planos generales y específicos de cada anejo, el presupuesto general del proyecto, el pliego de condiciones y el estudio básico de seguridad y salud., [EN] This project shows the design and size of a warehouse for the valuation of agroforestry waste which come from the pruning of dry land crops to obtain pellets in Albocàsser, Castellón. The warehouse is located on a plot of the municipality of Albocàsser classified in the current General Urban Planning Plan as industrial urban land. The warehouse has all the necessary spaces to process the waste from its entrance until the exit transformed into pellets. To accomplish the whole process, the warehouse and auxiliary areas have been designed with the following spaces: biomass reception area, machinery area for processing, storage area and dependencies for staff, including changing rooms and an office. The building has been design with a rectangular floor plan, 16m wide and 30m length with a total area of 480 m2, in only one floor and with a metal structure on concrete foundation conditioned by the geotechnical study obtained in the municipality of Albocàsser. The project develops the definition, justification, calculation, costs and final design of the main constructed element, electrical installations of the water supply networks and sanitation of the warehouse necessary for the development of the activity. The following documents are provided: real memory, annexes of the justification of the location, construction calculations, distribution network of water, water network, evacuation and electrical installation. It also includes the general and specific plans of each annex, the general budget of the project, solicitation documents and the basic study of security and health.

[ES] Se va a desarrollar el proyecto básico de una pasarela mixta con pretensado exterior, desarrollando un estudio sobre la viabilidad de la construcción, así como la metodología y su costo aproximado. También se va a desarrollar los cálculos de esta misma en fase de construcción y puesta en servicio. El empleo del pretensado exterior se decidirá justificadamente en la fase final en la conclusión, en la que se estudiará el comportamiento de la estructura con y sin pretensado exterior. En su caso se realizará la pasarela con estructura mixta sin pretensado exterior. El alumno desarrolla todo lo relacionado con el diseño y cálculo de las estructuras., [EN] In this work, a basic project of a concrete and steel composite footbridge with external prestressed steel, and a study on the feasibility of construction and its approximate cost, will be developed. The use of external prestressed steel shall be decided in the final stage, on the basis of the analysis of the structural behaviour with and without external prestress. The student develops everything related to the design and calculation of structures and the study of solutions.

[ES] En el presente proyecto se plantea el diseño y dimensionado de una nave para la valorización de residuos agroforestales procedentes de la poda de cultivos de secano para la obtención de pellets en el municipio de Albocàsser en Castellón. La nave se emplaza en una parcela del término municipal de Albocàsser clasificada en el actual Plan General de Ordenación Urbana como suelo urbanizable industrial. La nave dispone de todos los espacios necesarios para el procesamiento de los residuos desde su entrada en planta hasta su salida convertido en pellets. Para llevar acabo todo el proceso se ha diseñado la nave y zonas auxiliares con los siguientes espacios: zona de recepción de la biomasa, zona de maquinaria para el procesado, zona de almacenaje y dependencias para el personal, incluyendo vestuarios y oficina. La edificación ha sido diseñada de planta rectangular, con 16m de ancho y 30m de longitud, con una superficie total de 480 m2, en una sola planta y con estructura metálica sobre cimentación de hormigón condicionada por el estudio geotécnico particular obtenido en el municipio de Albocàsser. El proyecto desarrolla la definición, justificación, cálculos, costes y diseño final de los elementos constructivos principales, de las instalaciones eléctricas, de la red de suministro de aguas y saneamiento de la nave necesarios para el desarrollo de la actividad. Se aportan los siguientes documentos: memoria descriptiva, anejos de justificación de la ubicación, cálculos de construcción, red de distribución de aguas, red de evacuación de aguas e instalación eléctrica. También se incluyen los planos generales y específicos de cada anejo, el presupuesto general del proyecto, el pliego de condiciones y el estudio básico de seguridad y salud., [EN] This project shows the design and size of a warehouse for the valuation of agroforestry waste which come from the pruning of dry land crops to obtain pellets in Albocàsser, Castellón. The warehouse is located on a plot of the municipality of Albocàsser classified in the current General Urban Planning Plan as industrial urban land. The warehouse has all the necessary spaces to process the waste from its entrance until the exit transformed into pellets. To accomplish the whole process, the warehouse and auxiliary areas have been designed with the following spaces: biomass reception area, machinery area for processing, storage area and dependencies for staff, including changing rooms and an office. The building has been design with a rectangular floor plan, 16m wide and 30m length with a total area of 480 m2, in only one floor and with a metal structure on concrete foundation conditioned by the geotechnical study obtained in the municipality of Albocàsser. The project develops the definition, justification, calculation, costs and final design of the main constructed element, electrical installations of the water supply networks and sanitation of the warehouse necessary for the development of the activity. The following documents are provided: real memory, annexes of the justification of the location, construction calculations, distribution network of water, water network, evacuation and electrical installation. It also includes the general and specific plans of each annex, the general budget of the project, solicitation documents and the basic study of security and health.

[ES] Se va a desarrollar el proyecto básico de una pasarela mixta con pretensado exterior, desarrollando un estudio sobre la viabilidad de la construcción, así como la metodología y su costo aproximado. También se va a desarrollar los cálculos de esta misma en fase de construcción y puesta en servicio. El empleo del pretensado exterior se decidirá justificadamente en la fase final en la conclusión, en la que se estudiará el comportamiento de la estructura con y sin pretensado exterior. En su caso se realizará la pasarela con estructura mixta sin pretensado exterior. El alumno desarrolla todo lo relacionado con el diseño y cálculo de las estructuras., [EN] In this work, a basic project of a concrete and steel composite footbridge with external prestressed steel, and a study on the feasibility of construction and its approximate cost, will be developed. The use of external prestressed steel shall be decided in the final stage, on the basis of the analysis of the structural behaviour with and without external prestress. The student develops everything related to the design and calculation of structures and the study of solutions.

[ES] Se va a desarrollar el proyecto básico de una pasarela mixta con pretensado exterior, desarrollando un estudio sobre la viabilidad de la construcción, así como la metodología y su costo aproximado. También se va a desarrollar los cálculos de esta misma en fase de construcción y puesta en servicio. El empleo del pretensado exterior se decidirá justificadamente en la fase final en la conclusión, en la que se estudiará el comportamiento de la estructura con y sin pretensado exterior. En su caso se realizará la pasarela con estructura mixta sin pretensado exterior. El alumno desarrolla todo lo relacionado con el diseño y cálculo de las estructuras., [EN] In this work, a basic project of a concrete and steel composite footbridge with external prestressed steel, and a study on the feasibility of construction and its approximate cost, will be developed. The use of external prestressed steel shall be decided in the final stage, on the basis of the analysis of the structural behaviour with and without external prestress. The student develops everything related to the design and calculation of structures and the study of solutions.

[ES] En el presente proyecto se plantea el diseño y dimensionado de una nave para la valorización de residuos agroforestales procedentes de la poda de cultivos de secano para la obtención de pellets en el municipio de Albocàsser en Castellón. La nave se emplaza en una parcela del término municipal de Albocàsser clasificada en el actual Plan General de Ordenación Urbana como suelo urbanizable industrial. La nave dispone de todos los espacios necesarios para el procesamiento de los residuos desde su entrada en planta hasta su salida convertido en pellets. Para llevar acabo todo el proceso se ha diseñado la nave y zonas auxiliares con los siguientes espacios: zona de recepción de la biomasa, zona de maquinaria para el procesado, zona de almacenaje y dependencias para el personal, incluyendo vestuarios y oficina. La edificación ha sido diseñada de planta rectangular, con 16m de ancho y 30m de longitud, con una superficie total de 480 m2, en una sola planta y con estructura metálica sobre cimentación de hormigón condicionada por el estudio geotécnico particular obtenido en el municipio de Albocàsser. El proyecto desarrolla la definición, justificación, cálculos, costes y diseño final de los elementos constructivos principales, de las instalaciones eléctricas, de la red de suministro de aguas y saneamiento de la nave necesarios para el desarrollo de la actividad. Se aportan los siguientes documentos: memoria descriptiva, anejos de justificación de la ubicación, cálculos de construcción, red de distribución de aguas, red de evacuación de aguas e instalación eléctrica. También se incluyen los planos generales y específicos de cada anejo, el presupuesto general del proyecto, el pliego de condiciones y el estudio básico de seguridad y salud., [EN] This project shows the design and size of a warehouse for the valuation of agroforestry waste which come from the pruning of dry land crops to obtain pellets in Albocàsser, Castellón. The warehouse is located on a plot of the municipality of Albocàsser classified in the current General Urban Planning Plan as industrial urban land. The warehouse has all the necessary spaces to process the waste from its entrance until the exit transformed into pellets. To accomplish the whole process, the warehouse and auxiliary areas have been designed with the following spaces: biomass reception area, machinery area for processing, storage area and dependencies for staff, including changing rooms and an office. The building has been design with a rectangular floor plan, 16m wide and 30m length with a total area of 480 m2, in only one floor and with a metal structure on concrete foundation conditioned by the geotechnical study obtained in the municipality of Albocàsser. The project develops the definition, justification, calculation, costs and final design of the main constructed element, electrical installations of the water supply networks and sanitation of the warehouse necessary for the development of the activity. The following documents are provided: real memory, annexes of the justification of the location, construction calculations, distribution network of water, water network, evacuation and electrical installation. It also includes the general and specific plans of each annex, the general budget of the project, solicitation documents and the basic study of security and health.

The lateral restraint system in mid-rise timber buildings must be designed for higher loads, due to wind and earthquake, than that of low-rise buildings. In this preliminary experimental study, we report on the racking performance of a midply trussed shear wall prototype with an X configuration. The mean ultimate capacity of this prototype is 56.9 kN/m and the design capacity is estimated as 45.5 kN/m, a substantial improvement on typical timber-framed shear wall systems.

The Green Energy Mill (GEM) tower is the first mobile hybrid unit of its kind to supply renewable energy to festivals. The energy that the hybrid unit generates from wind and solar resources is stored in a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) until needed. The hybrid unit is both foldable and transportable and can be stored on site in two twenty-foot equivalent unit (TEU) shipping containers. It also has a transportable foundation that can be installed on various types of surface with no need for earthworks. This study will be focused on the following four main aspects of the design and the construction of the hybrid unit (a) parametric optimization study; (b) unit stability; (c) foundation; and, (d) installation and transportation. The GEM tower has already been installed at several locations and technical aspects of the hybrid unit are reported in this paper, providing useful knowledge for future structures with similar characteristics.

The aerospace engineering industry is continuously striving for faster methods to solve and optimize engineering and research problems with a higher degree of accuracy. It is therefore relevant to investigate possibilities that are expected to accelerate computational speed, such as quantum computing. For this reason, the objective of this thesis is to investigate the feasibility of optimizing 2D determinate truss structures with a quantum algorithm run on a Gate-Based Quantum Computer (GBQC). The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is currently expected to be the most suitable quantum algorithm candidate for optimization problems, because of its simplicity and robustness. The most important take-away from this thesis is that it is possible to map a truss structure to QAOA format to optimize it on a GBQC. The program proves to be working on quantum virtual machines. However, it is currently not possible to obtain correct results when running on real quantum hardware due to noise., Aerospace Engineering

[ES] Máster Universitario en Construcciones e Instalaciones Industriales de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial de la Universitat Politècnica de València. La parcela objeto de estudio tiene como actividad el reciclaje de madera y su conversión a virutas para su posterior venta. Para ello, se ejecuta un edificio de oficinas de tres plantas de estructura de hormigón y 352 m2, dos naves aporticadas y adosadas, de estructura metálica de 2.100 m2 y 3.150 m2 (30 m y 45 m de luz respectivamente) disponiendo de una cercha tipo Pratt en la nave de mayor luz y una marquesina metálica de 125 m2 para protección de maquinaria de agentes meteorológicos. Este TFM está compuesto por la siguiente documentación, - Memoria descriptiva, bases de cálculo y anexos, donde se exponen: o Cálculo de la estructura del edificio de hormigón, resuelta mediante vigas, pilares y forjado unidireccional de viguetas pretensadas. o Cálculo de la estructura metálica de las naves y marquesina, resuelta con pilares y vigas de series comerciales. o Cálculo de la instalación de protección contra incendios, definiendo tanto la protección activa (rociadores, exutorios, BIEs¿), como la protección pasiva (proyecciones de mortero, perlita, sellados entre sectores¿) o Cálculo de la instalación de alumbrado en la totalidad de la parcela, tanto en el exterior como en el interior de las edificaciones proyectadas, considerando situaciones de alumbrado normal, como de emergencia. o Cálculo de la certificación energética del edificio de oficinas tras calcular las cargas térmicas en el mismo. - Pliego de condiciones que define las cláusulas administrativas y técnicas particulares. - Planos que sirven como documentación gráfica de apoyo a la memoria. - Presupuesto del proyecto: o PEM: 1.968.688,14 € o PEC: 2.342.738,89 €, [EN] The following master¿s degree project, from now and on TFM, is presented to apply for the degree of the Master¿s Degree in Industrial Constructions and Installations of the School of Industrial Engineering of the Polytechnic University of Valencia. The plot under study has the activity of recycling wood and the subsequent conversion to shavings for selling. For this reason, a three floor office building made of concrete (352 m2), two connected industrial plants, made of steel (2.100 m2 and 3.150 m2, with 30 m and 45 m of light respectively), with a Pratt truss in the plant of the biggest light and a steel marquee (125 m2) to protect machinery from meteorological agents have been built. This TFM is made up of the following documentation, - Memory, calculation bases and annexes, where are exposed: o Calculation of concrete building structure, solved by beams, pillars and unidirectional floor framework with prestressed joists. o Calculation of the steel structure of the plants and the marquee, solved with pillars and beams of commercial series. o Calculation of the fire protection installation, designing both active measures (sprinklers, smoke extraction system, hose reels¿) and passive protection (mortar projection, perlite and sealing between two different fire areas) o Calculation of the lighting installation in the entire plot, both outside and inside and outside, considering normal lighting situations, as well as emergency ones. o Calculation of the energy efficiency certification of the office building, after calculating the thermal loads on it. - Specification, distinguishing between the administrative and the particular technical clauses. - Drawings, which are useful as graphic documentation as a support of the memory. - Project budget: o PEM: 1.968.688,14 € o PEC: 2.342.738,89 €

[ES] Máster Universitario en Construcciones e Instalaciones Industriales de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial de la Universitat Politècnica de València. La parcela objeto de estudio tiene como actividad el reciclaje de madera y su conversión a virutas para su posterior venta. Para ello, se ejecuta un edificio de oficinas de tres plantas de estructura de hormigón y 352 m2, dos naves aporticadas y adosadas, de estructura metálica de 2.100 m2 y 3.150 m2 (30 m y 45 m de luz respectivamente) disponiendo de una cercha tipo Pratt en la nave de mayor luz y una marquesina metálica de 125 m2 para protección de maquinaria de agentes meteorológicos. Este TFM está compuesto por la siguiente documentación, - Memoria descriptiva, bases de cálculo y anexos, donde se exponen: o Cálculo de la estructura del edificio de hormigón, resuelta mediante vigas, pilares y forjado unidireccional de viguetas pretensadas. o Cálculo de la estructura metálica de las naves y marquesina, resuelta con pilares y vigas de series comerciales. o Cálculo de la instalación de protección contra incendios, definiendo tanto la protección activa (rociadores, exutorios, BIEs¿), como la protección pasiva (proyecciones de mortero, perlita, sellados entre sectores¿) o Cálculo de la instalación de alumbrado en la totalidad de la parcela, tanto en el exterior como en el interior de las edificaciones proyectadas, considerando situaciones de alumbrado normal, como de emergencia. o Cálculo de la certificación energética del edificio de oficinas tras calcular las cargas térmicas en el mismo. - Pliego de condiciones que define las cláusulas administrativas y técnicas particulares. - Planos que sirven como documentación gráfica de apoyo a la memoria. - Presupuesto del proyecto: o PEM: 1.968.688,14 € o PEC: 2.342.738,89 €, [EN] The following master¿s degree project, from now and on TFM, is presented to apply for the degree of the Master¿s Degree in Industrial Constructions and Installations of the School of Industrial Engineering of the Polytechnic University of Valencia. The plot under study has the activity of recycling wood and the subsequent conversion to shavings for selling. For this reason, a three floor office building made of concrete (352 m2), two connected industrial plants, made of steel (2.100 m2 and 3.150 m2, with 30 m and 45 m of light respectively), with a Pratt truss in the plant of the biggest light and a steel marquee (125 m2) to protect machinery from meteorological agents have been built. This TFM is made up of the following documentation, - Memory, calculation bases and annexes, where are exposed: o Calculation of concrete building structure, solved by beams, pillars and unidirectional floor framework with prestressed joists. o Calculation of the steel structure of the plants and the marquee, solved with pillars and beams of commercial series. o Calculation of the fire protection installation, designing both active measures (sprinklers, smoke extraction system, hose reels¿) and passive protection (mortar projection, perlite and sealing between two different fire areas) o Calculation of the lighting installation in the entire plot, both outside and inside and outside, considering normal lighting situations, as well as emergency ones. o Calculation of the energy efficiency certification of the office building, after calculating the thermal loads on it. - Specification, distinguishing between the administrative and the particular technical clauses. - Drawings, which are useful as graphic documentation as a support of the memory. - Project budget: o PEM: 1.968.688,14 € o PEC: 2.342.738,89 €

The following project work studies trusses and roof structures and their performance during a fire in terms of rules and requirements that needs to be considered. Determination of how resistant truss or roof construction is still heavily dependent on the subjective experience and assessment of professional. It means that nowadays stages of this defining of fire resistance of roof/truss are still in need of clarification. The load combination for accidental load is compared to the ultimate limit state during the fire and it was showed that the loads were lower. The strength of timber during the fire was calculated by the two methods. Calculations by both methods revealed that timber used in construction can withstand fire by 0 minutes. However, fire resistance of the wooden materials can be improved by different techniques that were described in this study. The biggest improvement of fire resistance can be achieved with the help of covering - gypsum boards and rockwool, or even with wooden covering if lower protection is needed. As well, many fire-retardant treatments were developed that can improve wood performance during fire by slowing down the spread of fire, by limiting the building up of smoke and other volatiles. Instead of fire-retardant treatment fire retardant paints can be used too. This study showed stages of establishing fire requirements of wooden roof structures by two examples. In this study, two calculations were performed for two different house types, a family house, and an apartment building, to compare the difference between normal load dimensioning and fire load dimensioning. In the fire load dimensioning method, two different times were considered - R30 and R60 load capacity. When calculating the normal load dimensioning, it has been shown that an unprotected truss has no fire resistance, and that the truss has a fire resistance, with respect to bearing capacity, which corresponds to R0, which means that it must be protected for the required ti, Samhällsbyggnad, Husbyggnad, Konstruktion

The following project work studies trusses and roof structures and their performance during a fire in terms of rules and requirements that needs to be considered. Determination of how resistant truss or roof construction is still heavily dependent on the subjective experience and assessment of professional. It means that nowadays stages of this defining of fire resistance of roof/truss are still in need of clarification. The load combination for accidental load is compared to the ultimate limit state during the fire and it was showed that the loads were lower. The strength of timber during the fire was calculated by the two methods. Calculations by both methods revealed that timber used in construction can withstand fire by 0 minutes. However, fire resistance of the wooden materials can be improved by different techniques that were described in this study. The biggest improvement of fire resistance can be achieved with the help of covering - gypsum boards and rockwool, or even with wooden covering if lower protection is needed. As well, many fire-retardant treatments were developed that can improve wood performance during fire by slowing down the spread of fire, by limiting the building up of smoke and other volatiles. Instead of fire-retardant treatment fire retardant paints can be used too. This study showed stages of establishing fire requirements of wooden roof structures by two examples. In this study, two calculations were performed for two different house types, a family house, and an apartment building, to compare the difference between normal load dimensioning and fire load dimensioning. In the fire load dimensioning method, two different times were considered - R30 and R60 load capacity. When calculating the normal load dimensioning, it has been shown that an unprotected truss has no fire resistance, and that the truss has a fire resistance, with respect to bearing capacity, which corresponds to R0, which means that it must be protected for the required ti, Samhällsbyggnad, Husbyggnad, Konstruktion

[ES] Máster Universitario en Construcciones e Instalaciones Industriales de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial de la Universitat Politècnica de València. La parcela objeto de estudio tiene como actividad el reciclaje de madera y su conversión a virutas para su posterior venta. Para ello, se ejecuta un edificio de oficinas de tres plantas de estructura de hormigón y 352 m2, dos naves aporticadas y adosadas, de estructura metálica de 2.100 m2 y 3.150 m2 (30 m y 45 m de luz respectivamente) disponiendo de una cercha tipo Pratt en la nave de mayor luz y una marquesina metálica de 125 m2 para protección de maquinaria de agentes meteorológicos. Este TFM está compuesto por la siguiente documentación, - Memoria descriptiva, bases de cálculo y anexos, donde se exponen: o Cálculo de la estructura del edificio de hormigón, resuelta mediante vigas, pilares y forjado unidireccional de viguetas pretensadas. o Cálculo de la estructura metálica de las naves y marquesina, resuelta con pilares y vigas de series comerciales. o Cálculo de la instalación de protección contra incendios, definiendo tanto la protección activa (rociadores, exutorios, BIEs¿), como la protección pasiva (proyecciones de mortero, perlita, sellados entre sectores¿) o Cálculo de la instalación de alumbrado en la totalidad de la parcela, tanto en el exterior como en el interior de las edificaciones proyectadas, considerando situaciones de alumbrado normal, como de emergencia. o Cálculo de la certificación energética del edificio de oficinas tras calcular las cargas térmicas en el mismo. - Pliego de condiciones que define las cláusulas administrativas y técnicas particulares. - Planos que sirven como documentación gráfica de apoyo a la memoria. - Presupuesto del proyecto: o PEM: 1.968.688,14 € o PEC: 2.342.738,89 €, [EN] The following master¿s degree project, from now and on TFM, is presented to apply for the degree of the Master¿s Degree in Industrial Constructions and Installations of the School of Industrial Engineering of the Polytechnic University of Valencia. The plot under study has the activity of recycling wood and the subsequent conversion to shavings for selling. For this reason, a three floor office building made of concrete (352 m2), two connected industrial plants, made of steel (2.100 m2 and 3.150 m2, with 30 m and 45 m of light respectively), with a Pratt truss in the plant of the biggest light and a steel marquee (125 m2) to protect machinery from meteorological agents have been built. This TFM is made up of the following documentation, - Memory, calculation bases and annexes, where are exposed: o Calculation of concrete building structure, solved by beams, pillars and unidirectional floor framework with prestressed joists. o Calculation of the steel structure of the plants and the marquee, solved with pillars and beams of commercial series. o Calculation of the fire protection installation, designing both active measures (sprinklers, smoke extraction system, hose reels¿) and passive protection (mortar projection, perlite and sealing between two different fire areas) o Calculation of the lighting installation in the entire plot, both outside and inside and outside, considering normal lighting situations, as well as emergency ones. o Calculation of the energy efficiency certification of the office building, after calculating the thermal loads on it. - Specification, distinguishing between the administrative and the particular technical clauses. - Drawings, which are useful as graphic documentation as a support of the memory. - Project budget: o PEM: 1.968.688,14 € o PEC: 2.342.738,89 €

The Green Energy Mill (GEM) tower is the first mobile hybrid unit of its kind to supply renewable energy to festivals. The energy that the hybrid unit generates from wind and solar resources is stored in a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) until needed. The hybrid unit is both foldable and transportable and can be stored on site in two twenty-foot equivalent unit (TEU) shipping containers. It also has a transportable foundation that can be installed on various types of surface with no need for earthworks. This study will be focused on the following four main aspects of the design and the construction of the hybrid unit (a) parametric optimization study; (b) unit stability; (c) foundation; and, (d) installation and transportation. The GEM tower has already been installed at several locations and technical aspects of the hybrid unit are reported in this paper, providing useful knowledge for future structures with similar characteristics.

The aerospace engineering industry is continuously striving for faster methods to solve and optimize engineering and research problems with a higher degree of accuracy. It is therefore relevant to investigate possibilities that are expected to accelerate computational speed, such as quantum computing. For this reason, the objective of this thesis is to investigate the feasibility of optimizing 2D determinate truss structures with a quantum algorithm run on a Gate-Based Quantum Computer (GBQC). The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is currently expected to be the most suitable quantum algorithm candidate for optimization problems, because of its simplicity and robustness. The most important take-away from this thesis is that it is possible to map a truss structure to QAOA format to optimize it on a GBQC. The program proves to be working on quantum virtual machines. However, it is currently not possible to obtain correct results when running on real quantum hardware due to noise., Aerospace Engineering

[ES] Máster Universitario en Construcciones e Instalaciones Industriales de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial de la Universitat Politècnica de València. La parcela objeto de estudio tiene como actividad el reciclaje de madera y su conversión a virutas para su posterior venta. Para ello, se ejecuta un edificio de oficinas de tres plantas de estructura de hormigón y 352 m2, dos naves aporticadas y adosadas, de estructura metálica de 2.100 m2 y 3.150 m2 (30 m y 45 m de luz respectivamente) disponiendo de una cercha tipo Pratt en la nave de mayor luz y una marquesina metálica de 125 m2 para protección de maquinaria de agentes meteorológicos. Este TFM está compuesto por la siguiente documentación, - Memoria descriptiva, bases de cálculo y anexos, donde se exponen: o Cálculo de la estructura del edificio de hormigón, resuelta mediante vigas, pilares y forjado unidireccional de viguetas pretensadas. o Cálculo de la estructura metálica de las naves y marquesina, resuelta con pilares y vigas de series comerciales. o Cálculo de la instalación de protección contra incendios, definiendo tanto la protección activa (rociadores, exutorios, BIEs¿), como la protección pasiva (proyecciones de mortero, perlita, sellados entre sectores¿) o Cálculo de la instalación de alumbrado en la totalidad de la parcela, tanto en el exterior como en el interior de las edificaciones proyectadas, considerando situaciones de alumbrado normal, como de emergencia. o Cálculo de la certificación energética del edificio de oficinas tras calcular las cargas térmicas en el mismo. - Pliego de condiciones que define las cláusulas administrativas y técnicas particulares. - Planos que sirven como documentación gráfica de apoyo a la memoria. - Presupuesto del proyecto: o PEM: 1.968.688,14 € o PEC: 2.342.738,89 €, [EN] The following master¿s degree project, from now and on TFM, is presented to apply for the degree of the Master¿s Degree in Industrial Constructions and Installations of the School of Industrial Engineering of the Polytechnic University of Valencia. The plot under study has the activity of recycling wood and the subsequent conversion to shavings for selling. For this reason, a three floor office building made of concrete (352 m2), two connected industrial plants, made of steel (2.100 m2 and 3.150 m2, with 30 m and 45 m of light respectively), with a Pratt truss in the plant of the biggest light and a steel marquee (125 m2) to protect machinery from meteorological agents have been built. This TFM is made up of the following documentation, - Memory, calculation bases and annexes, where are exposed: o Calculation of concrete building structure, solved by beams, pillars and unidirectional floor framework with prestressed joists. o Calculation of the steel structure of the plants and the marquee, solved with pillars and beams of commercial series. o Calculation of the fire protection installation, designing both active measures (sprinklers, smoke extraction system, hose reels¿) and passive protection (mortar projection, perlite and sealing between two different fire areas) o Calculation of the lighting installation in the entire plot, both outside and inside and outside, considering normal lighting situations, as well as emergency ones. o Calculation of the energy efficiency certification of the office building, after calculating the thermal loads on it. - Specification, distinguishing between the administrative and the particular technical clauses. - Drawings, which are useful as graphic documentation as a support of the memory. - Project budget: o PEM: 1.968.688,14 € o PEC: 2.342.738,89 €

This paper addresses a combined method of reinforcement learning and graph embedding for binary topology optimization of trusses to minimize total structural volume under stress and displacement constraints. Although conventional deep learning methods owe their success to a convolutional neural network that is capable of capturing higher level latent information from pixels, the convolution is difficult to apply to discrete structures due to their irregular connectivity. Instead, a method based on graph embedding is proposed here to extract the features of bar members. This way, all the members have a feature vector with the same size representing their neighbor information such as connectivity and force flows from the loaded nodes to the supports. The features are used to implement reinforcement learning where an action taker called agent is trained to sequentially eliminate unnecessary members from Level-1 ground structure, where all neighboring nodes are connected by members. The trained agent is capable of finding sub-optimal solutions at a low computational cost, and it is reusable to other trusses with different geometry, topology, and boundary conditions.

[ES] Con la redacción de este Trabajo Final de Grado se pretende modelizar y calcular la estructura de una vivienda unifamiliar. La vivienda cuenta con la existencia de cinco voladizos en su planta superior, haciéndola idónea para experimentar por primera vez el trabajo del cálculo de una estructura con cierto grado de complejidad. Se ha tenido que trabajar con la idea de crear un modelo de estructura que encajara en la distribución de la vivienda. Para ello, se han estudiado diferentes opciones hasta alcanzar la solución final, apoyando el trabajo de diseño de la estructura con el programa de cálculo Architrave. Gracias a este trabajo, se ha podido entender que la estructura trabaja como un conjunto y que la solución no pasa por cambiar o aumentar las secciones de los perfiles, si no por entender el comportamiento de la estructura y buscar las soluciones que mejor se adapten a cada caso. En definitiva, ha sido una gran experiencia analizar, modelizar, pensar, experimentar y calcular la estructura, asentando parte de los conocimientos adquiridos durante los estudios y aplicándolos en un caso real., [EN] The intention of this final project is to model and calculate the structure of a single family house. The house has five cantilevered slabs on its upper floor, making it an ideal model to experiment due to the certain degree of complexity when calculating such structure. One of the goals in this project was to design a structure model for the existing layout of a house. In order to achieve this, different options were studied until reaching the final solution. The structure's design work has been modeled using Architrave calculation program. By carrying out this project, it has been possible to understand that the structure works as one and that the solution is not to change or increase the section of the profiles. It is better to get to know the behavior of the structure and find the solutions that best suit each case. In conclusion, it has been a great experience to analyze, model, think, experiment and calculate the structure, strengthening the knowledge acquired during the degree by applying it in a real case.

[ES] Tras el auge del estudio de arquitectura formado por 3 arquitectos conocido como MVRDV (iniciales de cada uno de sus componentes) y la gran influencia y relevancia que han logrado a tanto en Ámsterdam como a nivel mundial, es fácilmente reconocer sus obras por la pincelada personal que consiguen gracias a sus técnicas constructivas y soluciones un tanto inusuales. Por este motivo, se va a desarrollar una aproximación arquitectónica y análisis constructivo del edifico de apartamentos Wozoco de Ámsterdam. Para ello se mostrarán detalles constructivos de los sistemas utilizados tanto en fachada como en cubierta de los elementos en voladizo que cuenta el edificio, realizados por el autor. Además, otro detalle, tanto en 2D como en axonometría del bloque principal, propuesto por el autor., [EN] After the architectural studio formed by 3 architects known as MVRDV (whose initials gave name to this group) and the great influence and relevance that they had achieved in Amsterdam and even worldwide. The firm can be easily recognised in their projects due to the characteristic features reached thanks to their constructive techniques and their innovative solutions. For this reason, the Wozoco building will be analysed from an architectural and constructive point of view. This can be done by explaining the construction systems details used in facades and roofs of cantilever elements, made by the author. Moreover, adding another axonometric detail and 2D plane of the main section, proposed by the author.

[ES] Tras el auge del estudio de arquitectura formado por 3 arquitectos conocido como MVRDV (iniciales de cada uno de sus componentes) y la gran influencia y relevancia que han logrado a tanto en Ámsterdam como a nivel mundial, es fácilmente reconocer sus obras por la pincelada personal que consiguen gracias a sus técnicas constructivas y soluciones un tanto inusuales. Por este motivo, se va a desarrollar una aproximación arquitectónica y análisis constructivo del edifico de apartamentos Wozoco de Ámsterdam. Para ello se mostrarán detalles constructivos de los sistemas utilizados tanto en fachada como en cubierta de los elementos en voladizo que cuenta el edificio, realizados por el autor. Además, otro detalle, tanto en 2D como en axonometría del bloque principal, propuesto por el autor., [EN] After the architectural studio formed by 3 architects known as MVRDV (whose initials gave name to this group) and the great influence and relevance that they had achieved in Amsterdam and even worldwide. The firm can be easily recognised in their projects due to the characteristic features reached thanks to their constructive techniques and their innovative solutions. For this reason, the Wozoco building will be analysed from an architectural and constructive point of view. This can be done by explaining the construction systems details used in facades and roofs of cantilever elements, made by the author. Moreover, adding another axonometric detail and 2D plane of the main section, proposed by the author.

[ES] El objeto del presente trabajo es llevar a cabo el diseño y cálculo de una pasarela de uso peatonal y ciclista para el cruce del Barranco de Teulada, paralela a la CV-50 en el término municipal de Vilamarxant. La mencionada estructura dará continuidad a la vía ciclo-peatonal proyectada por el Ayuntamiento de Vilamarxant, que conectará el núcleo del municipio con su polígono industrial. El paso se produce paralelo al puente de la CV- 50, porque actualmente es imposible que se pueda aprovechar esta estructura por no disponer de plataforma suficiente. La solución proyectada consiste en una pasarela de una tipología hibrida entre una celosía y un arco bow-string de tablero inferior. La pasarela cuenta con un único vano de 44,20 m de luz entre apoyos y una anchura total de 3,90 m, para alojar una plataforma útil de 3,20 m de anchura. Inicialmente se ha planteado un estudio de soluciones para elegir la opción que mejor se ajuste a los condicionantes existentes. De esta solución óptima se ha creado un modelo de cálculo por medio del software informático SAP2000, definiendo la geometría y considerando las acciones a las que va a estar sometida la pasarela en la práctica. Con los resultados obtenidos del modelo se procede al análisis de los mismos y a la comprobación de los elementos estructurales., [EN] The purpose of this work is to carry out the design and calculation of a footbridge for cyclists and pedestrians for the Barranco de Teulada crossing, parallel to CV-50 in the municipality of Vilamarxant. The aforementioned structure will give continuity to the cycle-pedestrian path projected by the Vilamarxant City Council, which will connect the nucleus of the municipality with its industrial estate. The passage occurs parallel to the CV-50 bridge, because it is currently impossible to take advantage of this structure due to not having a sufficient platform. The projected solution consists of a walkway of a hybrid type between a latticework and a bow-string arch on the lower deck. The walkway has a single span of 44.20 m span between supports and a total width of 3.90 m, to contain a useful platform 3.20 m wide. Initially, a study of solutions has been proposed to choose the option that best fits the existing conditions. From this optimal solution, a calculation model has been created using SAP2000 computer software, defining the geometry and considering the actions to which the walkway will be subjected in practice. With the results obtained from the model, they are analyzed and the structural elements are checked.

[ES] Tras el auge del estudio de arquitectura formado por 3 arquitectos conocido como MVRDV (iniciales de cada uno de sus componentes) y la gran influencia y relevancia que han logrado a tanto en Ámsterdam como a nivel mundial, es fácilmente reconocer sus obras por la pincelada personal que consiguen gracias a sus técnicas constructivas y soluciones un tanto inusuales. Por este motivo, se va a desarrollar una aproximación arquitectónica y análisis constructivo del edifico de apartamentos Wozoco de Ámsterdam. Para ello se mostrarán detalles constructivos de los sistemas utilizados tanto en fachada como en cubierta de los elementos en voladizo que cuenta el edificio, realizados por el autor. Además, otro detalle, tanto en 2D como en axonometría del bloque principal, propuesto por el autor., [EN] After the architectural studio formed by 3 architects known as MVRDV (whose initials gave name to this group) and the great influence and relevance that they had achieved in Amsterdam and even worldwide. The firm can be easily recognised in their projects due to the characteristic features reached thanks to their constructive techniques and their innovative solutions. For this reason, the Wozoco building will be analysed from an architectural and constructive point of view. This can be done by explaining the construction systems details used in facades and roofs of cantilever elements, made by the author. Moreover, adding another axonometric detail and 2D plane of the main section, proposed by the author.

[ES] El objeto del presente trabajo es llevar a cabo el diseño y cálculo de una pasarela de uso peatonal y ciclista para el cruce del Barranco de Teulada, paralela a la CV-50 en el término municipal de Vilamarxant. La mencionada estructura dará continuidad a la vía ciclo-peatonal proyectada por el Ayuntamiento de Vilamarxant, que conectará el núcleo del municipio con su polígono industrial. El paso se produce paralelo al puente de la CV- 50, porque actualmente es imposible que se pueda aprovechar esta estructura por no disponer de plataforma suficiente. La solución proyectada consiste en una pasarela de una tipología hibrida entre una celosía y un arco bow-string de tablero inferior. La pasarela cuenta con un único vano de 44,20 m de luz entre apoyos y una anchura total de 3,90 m, para alojar una plataforma útil de 3,20 m de anchura. Inicialmente se ha planteado un estudio de soluciones para elegir la opción que mejor se ajuste a los condicionantes existentes. De esta solución óptima se ha creado un modelo de cálculo por medio del software informático SAP2000, definiendo la geometría y considerando las acciones a las que va a estar sometida la pasarela en la práctica. Con los resultados obtenidos del modelo se procede al análisis de los mismos y a la comprobación de los elementos estructurales., [EN] The purpose of this work is to carry out the design and calculation of a footbridge for cyclists and pedestrians for the Barranco de Teulada crossing, parallel to CV-50 in the municipality of Vilamarxant. The aforementioned structure will give continuity to the cycle-pedestrian path projected by the Vilamarxant City Council, which will connect the nucleus of the municipality with its industrial estate. The passage occurs parallel to the CV-50 bridge, because it is currently impossible to take advantage of this structure due to not having a sufficient platform. The projected solution consists of a walkway of a hybrid type between a latticework and a bow-string arch on the lower deck. The walkway has a single span of 44.20 m span between supports and a total width of 3.90 m, to contain a useful platform 3.20 m wide. Initially, a study of solutions has been proposed to choose the option that best fits the existing conditions. From this optimal solution, a calculation model has been created using SAP2000 computer software, defining the geometry and considering the actions to which the walkway will be subjected in practice. With the results obtained from the model, they are analyzed and the structural elements are checked.

[ES] El objeto del presente trabajo es llevar a cabo el diseño y cálculo de una pasarela de uso peatonal y ciclista para el cruce del Barranco de Teulada, paralela a la CV-50 en el término municipal de Vilamarxant. La mencionada estructura dará continuidad a la vía ciclo-peatonal proyectada por el Ayuntamiento de Vilamarxant, que conectará el núcleo del municipio con su polígono industrial. El paso se produce paralelo al puente de la CV- 50, porque actualmente es imposible que se pueda aprovechar esta estructura por no disponer de plataforma suficiente. La solución proyectada consiste en una pasarela de una tipología hibrida entre una celosía y un arco bow-string de tablero inferior. La pasarela cuenta con un único vano de 44,20 m de luz entre apoyos y una anchura total de 3,90 m, para alojar una plataforma útil de 3,20 m de anchura. Inicialmente se ha planteado un estudio de soluciones para elegir la opción que mejor se ajuste a los condicionantes existentes. De esta solución óptima se ha creado un modelo de cálculo por medio del software informático SAP2000, definiendo la geometría y considerando las acciones a las que va a estar sometida la pasarela en la práctica. Con los resultados obtenidos del modelo se procede al análisis de los mismos y a la comprobación de los elementos estructurales., [EN] The purpose of this work is to carry out the design and calculation of a footbridge for cyclists and pedestrians for the Barranco de Teulada crossing, parallel to CV-50 in the municipality of Vilamarxant. The aforementioned structure will give continuity to the cycle-pedestrian path projected by the Vilamarxant City Council, which will connect the nucleus of the municipality with its industrial estate. The passage occurs parallel to the CV-50 bridge, because it is currently impossible to take advantage of this structure due to not having a sufficient platform. The projected solution consists of a walkway of a hybrid type between a latticework and a bow-string arch on the lower deck. The walkway has a single span of 44.20 m span between supports and a total width of 3.90 m, to contain a useful platform 3.20 m wide. Initially, a study of solutions has been proposed to choose the option that best fits the existing conditions. From this optimal solution, a calculation model has been created using SAP2000 computer software, defining the geometry and considering the actions to which the walkway will be subjected in practice. With the results obtained from the model, they are analyzed and the structural elements are checked.

[ES] El objeto del presente trabajo es llevar a cabo el diseño y cálculo de una pasarela de uso peatonal y ciclista para el cruce del Barranco de Teulada, paralela a la CV-50 en el término municipal de Vilamarxant. La mencionada estructura dará continuidad a la vía ciclo-peatonal proyectada por el Ayuntamiento de Vilamarxant, que conectará el núcleo del municipio con su polígono industrial. El paso se produce paralelo al puente de la CV- 50, porque actualmente es imposible que se pueda aprovechar esta estructura por no disponer de plataforma suficiente. La solución proyectada consiste en una pasarela de una tipología hibrida entre una celosía y un arco bow-string de tablero inferior. La pasarela cuenta con un único vano de 44,20 m de luz entre apoyos y una anchura total de 3,90 m, para alojar una plataforma útil de 3,20 m de anchura. Inicialmente se ha planteado un estudio de soluciones para elegir la opción que mejor se ajuste a los condicionantes existentes. De esta solución óptima se ha creado un modelo de cálculo por medio del software informático SAP2000, definiendo la geometría y considerando las acciones a las que va a estar sometida la pasarela en la práctica. Con los resultados obtenidos del modelo se procede al análisis de los mismos y a la comprobación de los elementos estructurales., [EN] The purpose of this work is to carry out the design and calculation of a footbridge for cyclists and pedestrians for the Barranco de Teulada crossing, parallel to CV-50 in the municipality of Vilamarxant. The aforementioned structure will give continuity to the cycle-pedestrian path projected by the Vilamarxant City Council, which will connect the nucleus of the municipality with its industrial estate. The passage occurs parallel to the CV-50 bridge, because it is currently impossible to take advantage of this structure due to not having a sufficient platform. The projected solution consists of a walkway of a hybrid type between a latticework and a bow-string arch on the lower deck. The walkway has a single span of 44.20 m span between supports and a total width of 3.90 m, to contain a useful platform 3.20 m wide. Initially, a study of solutions has been proposed to choose the option that best fits the existing conditions. From this optimal solution, a calculation model has been created using SAP2000 computer software, defining the geometry and considering the actions to which the walkway will be subjected in practice. With the results obtained from the model, they are analyzed and the structural elements are checked.

[ES] El objeto del presente trabajo es llevar a cabo el diseño y cálculo de una pasarela de uso peatonal y ciclista para el cruce del Barranco de Teulada, paralela a la CV-50 en el término municipal de Vilamarxant. La mencionada estructura dará continuidad a la vía ciclo-peatonal proyectada por el Ayuntamiento de Vilamarxant, que conectará el núcleo del municipio con su polígono industrial. El paso se produce paralelo al puente de la CV- 50, porque actualmente es imposible que se pueda aprovechar esta estructura por no disponer de plataforma suficiente. La solución proyectada consiste en una pasarela de una tipología hibrida entre una celosía y un arco bow-string de tablero inferior. La pasarela cuenta con un único vano de 44,20 m de luz entre apoyos y una anchura total de 3,90 m, para alojar una plataforma útil de 3,20 m de anchura. Inicialmente se ha planteado un estudio de soluciones para elegir la opción que mejor se ajuste a los condicionantes existentes. De esta solución óptima se ha creado un modelo de cálculo por medio del software informático SAP2000, definiendo la geometría y considerando las acciones a las que va a estar sometida la pasarela en la práctica. Con los resultados obtenidos del modelo se procede al análisis de los mismos y a la comprobación de los elementos estructurales., [EN] The purpose of this work is to carry out the design and calculation of a footbridge for cyclists and pedestrians for the Barranco de Teulada crossing, parallel to CV-50 in the municipality of Vilamarxant. The aforementioned structure will give continuity to the cycle-pedestrian path projected by the Vilamarxant City Council, which will connect the nucleus of the municipality with its industrial estate. The passage occurs parallel to the CV-50 bridge, because it is currently impossible to take advantage of this structure due to not having a sufficient platform. The projected solution consists of a walkway of a hybrid type between a latticework and a bow-string arch on the lower deck. The walkway has a single span of 44.20 m span between supports and a total width of 3.90 m, to contain a useful platform 3.20 m wide. Initially, a study of solutions has been proposed to choose the option that best fits the existing conditions. From this optimal solution, a calculation model has been created using SAP2000 computer software, defining the geometry and considering the actions to which the walkway will be subjected in practice. With the results obtained from the model, they are analyzed and the structural elements are checked.

[ES] Tras el auge del estudio de arquitectura formado por 3 arquitectos conocido como MVRDV (iniciales de cada uno de sus componentes) y la gran influencia y relevancia que han logrado a tanto en Ámsterdam como a nivel mundial, es fácilmente reconocer sus obras por la pincelada personal que consiguen gracias a sus técnicas constructivas y soluciones un tanto inusuales. Por este motivo, se va a desarrollar una aproximación arquitectónica y análisis constructivo del edifico de apartamentos Wozoco de Ámsterdam. Para ello se mostrarán detalles constructivos de los sistemas utilizados tanto en fachada como en cubierta de los elementos en voladizo que cuenta el edificio, realizados por el autor. Además, otro detalle, tanto en 2D como en axonometría del bloque principal, propuesto por el autor., [EN] After the architectural studio formed by 3 architects known as MVRDV (whose initials gave name to this group) and the great influence and relevance that they had achieved in Amsterdam and even worldwide. The firm can be easily recognised in their projects due to the characteristic features reached thanks to their constructive techniques and their innovative solutions. For this reason, the Wozoco building will be analysed from an architectural and constructive point of view. This can be done by explaining the construction systems details used in facades and roofs of cantilever elements, made by the author. Moreover, adding another axonometric detail and 2D plane of the main section, proposed by the author.