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This essay handles municipal cultural planning practices in suburban areas and compares Sollentuna and Huddinge municipality in the Stockholm Region. Citizens' accessibility to culture serves as an important catalyst in regional growth strategies. Sollentuna and Huddinge municipality are two municipalities within the region of Stockholm, yet are not integrated with the City of Stockholms cultural core. In this essay I aim to analyze disparities in how these municipalities conceive, manage, and implement cultural policies. This research focuses on the often-overlooked domain of 'general culture' (allmänkultur) which is entirely voluntary for municipalities to administer and is thus driven solely by local policies. Through the lens of intermediary cultural actors involved in municipal planning, the study investigates prevalent narratives shaping cultural practices and collaborations with local community groups. Furthermore, narratives articulated by planners and cultural actors can uncover the challenges and aspirations unique to each municipality. The study underscores the importance of understanding local contexts and dynamics in shaping cultural planning practices, challenging conventional urban-rural dichotomies in land-use management. Key findings reveal differing approaches in cultural planning between Huddinge and Sollentuna municipalities, despite sharing similar overarching goals. While both municipalities prioritize accessibility and support for local cultural activities, their strategies differ. Huddinge emphasizes governance strategies and collaborative partnerships with community organizations, whereas Sollentuna focuses on placemaking initiatives and fostering a cultural cluster with cross-boundary appeal. In conclusion, this research advocates for a nuanced understanding of municipal cultural planning, emphasizing qualitative assessments over quantitative metrics to capture the social impact and significance of cultural investments. By examining subur

This essay handles municipal cultural planning practices in suburban areas and compares Sollentuna and Huddinge municipality in the Stockholm Region. Citizens' accessibility to culture serves as an important catalyst in regional growth strategies. Sollentuna and Huddinge municipality are two municipalities within the region of Stockholm, yet are not integrated with the City of Stockholms cultural core. In this essay I aim to analyze disparities in how these municipalities conceive, manage, and implement cultural policies. This research focuses on the often-overlooked domain of 'general culture' (allmänkultur) which is entirely voluntary for municipalities to administer and is thus driven solely by local policies. Through the lens of intermediary cultural actors involved in municipal planning, the study investigates prevalent narratives shaping cultural practices and collaborations with local community groups. Furthermore, narratives articulated by planners and cultural actors can uncover the challenges and aspirations unique to each municipality. The study underscores the importance of understanding local contexts and dynamics in shaping cultural planning practices, challenging conventional urban-rural dichotomies in land-use management. Key findings reveal differing approaches in cultural planning between Huddinge and Sollentuna municipalities, despite sharing similar overarching goals. While both municipalities prioritize accessibility and support for local cultural activities, their strategies differ. Huddinge emphasizes governance strategies and collaborative partnerships with community organizations, whereas Sollentuna focuses on placemaking initiatives and fostering a cultural cluster with cross-boundary appeal. In conclusion, this research advocates for a nuanced understanding of municipal cultural planning, emphasizing qualitative assessments over quantitative metrics to capture the social impact and significance of cultural investments. By examining subur

It is proposed to survey the perception of care in order to identify the difficulties of families in the communes of Chile. The opinion study: "Perceptions about family care in Chile" is used as a methodology. A descriptive analysis is carried out on the care and opinion of unpaid caregivers of children, the elderly and/or people with disabilities in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. Particularly, it inquires about the valorization of the public offer aimed at care in these three areas. In addition, it is intended to identify and understand the obstacles that prevent caregivers from accessing the existing public offer in the country. It contributes to identifying the challenges to access and improve public policies, as well as to meet the needs of caregivers and strengthen the public offer of care in the Metropolitan Region of Chile., Se propone relevar la percepción de los cuidados con el objeto de identificar las dificultades de las familias en las comunas de Chile. Se utiliza como metodología el estudio de opinión: “Percepciones sobre los cuidados en la familia en Chile”. Se realiza un análisis descriptivo sobre los cuidados y la opinión de las cuidadoras no remuneradas de niños, personas mayores y/o en situación de discapacidad de la Región Metropolitana de Chile. Particularmente, se indaga sobre la valorización de la oferta pública dirigida a los cuidados en estos tres ámbitos. Además, se pretende identificar y comprender los obstáculos que impiden a los cuidadores acceder a la oferta pública existente en el país. Se contribuye a identificar los desafíos para acceder y perfeccionar las políticas públicas, así como atender las necesidades de los cuidadores y fortalecer la oferta pública de cuidados de la Región Metropolitana de Chile.

La Región metropolitana Bogotá-Cundinamarca creada mediante el Acto Legislativo 02 de 2020, como figura vanguardista de asociatividad territorial permite el fortalecimiento de las relaciones intergubernamentales entre los municipios colindantes a través de sistemas de cooperación horizontal, encaminados a la ejecución de programas que ayudan en materia de medio ambiente, movilidad, servicios públicos, seguridad ciudadana, alimentaria y comercialización. Por lo tanto, el presente escrito propende por determinar las implicaciones ambientales y el diseño institucional que trae la Región metropolitana Bogotá-Cundinamarca, así como también se busca caracterizar los principales elementos que posee como esquema asociativo, lo que propicia el análisis comparativo con el Área Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá AMVA como el esquema territorial con mejor trayectoria como autoridad ambiental, lo que dará como resultado aspectos propositivos que permitan incorporar los beneficios encontrados en el AMVA lo que podría solventar futuras dificultades que presente la Región Metropolitana si desea ser Autoridad Ambiental. El método y naturaleza del paradigma de investigación de este artículo es de orden cualitativo y se conducirá a través de la implementación de entrevistas semiestructuradas, revisión de la literatura y de regulaciones normativas relevantes., The Bogotá-Cundinamarca Metropolitan Region was created by the legislative act N.02 in 2020, as a cutting-edge frame of territorial associativity that allows the strengthening of intergovernmental relations among close municipalities through horizontal cooperation systems, aimed at the execution of programs that help communities in matters related with environment, mobility, utilities, public safety, food, and marketing. This investigation aims to determine the environmental implications as well as the institutional design that the Bogotá-Cundinamarca Metropolitan Region carries itself, as well as to categorize the most relevant elements that make it a public associative scheme, which in turn allows to make a comparative analysis with another related district; the Area Metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá AMVA—like a territorial sketch with the best developed as an environmental authority—. It is expected that the results of this investigation bring helpful results that allow the incorporation of those benefits found in the AMVA, which could solve future difficulties that the Metropolitan Region presents if it wants to be an Environmental Authority. The method and nature of the paradigm of this research is qualitative, carried out using semi-structured interviews, literature review and relevant legal regulations.

The socio-territorial segregation has been one of the central problems of Latin America, which over time has deepened instead of diminishing, in that sense the States have carried out different strategies to reduce and improve the conditions of the population, in this investigation The public investment of Chile is analyzed, specifically that of the Metropolitan Region, its actors, its obtaining mechanisms and its scope in relation to the reduction of socio-territorial segregation are analyzed., La segregación socio territorial ha sido una de las problemáticas centrales de Latinoamérica, que con el paso del tiempo se ha profundizado en vez de disminuir, en ese sentido los Estados han realizado distintas estrategias para disminuir y mejorar las condiciones de la población, en esta investigación se analiza la inversión pública de Chile, en especifico la de la Región Metropolitana se analizan, sus actores, sus mecanismos de obtención y sus alcances en relación a la reducción de la segregación socio territorial., La ségrégation socio-territoriale a été l'un des problèmes centraux de l'Amérique latine, qui au fil du temps s'est approfondie au lieu de diminuer, en ce sens les États ont mené différentes stratégies pour réduire et améliorer les conditions de la population, dans cette enquête Le public l'investissement du Chili est analysé, en particulier celui de la région métropolitaine, ses acteurs, ses mécanismes d'obtention et sa portée par rapport à la réduction de la ségrégation socio-territoriale sont analysés.

This article analyses the emergence of tourism in the metropolitan region of Barcelona and explores the interdependencies, challenges and limits of its public management. Framed within the territorial studies of urban and metropolitan tourism, it aims to highlight the overflowing of the territorial and sectorial administrative spheres of tourism politics, thus opening up the debate on the need to incorporate an integrated vision both in the analysis of the reality of tourism and in the forms of tourism management in the metropolitan territory. Through the use of bibliographical, statistical and documentary sources, the article examines the incipient process of institutionalisation of the metropolitan management of tourism in Barcelona and analyses in depth two key issues: the regulation of short-term rentals and the strategy of deconcentration of tourist activity in the metropolitan area. Overall, the metropolitan scale is key for the public management of tourism in order to face specific territorial challenges and yet allows for a deeper debate on the limits of political action in tourism., El presente articulo analiza la eclosión del turismo en la región metropolitana de Barcelona y explora las interdependencias, los desafíos y los límites de su gestión pública. Enmarcado en los estudios territoriales del turismo urbano y metropolitano, pretende evidenciar el desbordamiento de los ámbitos administrativos territoriales y sectoriales del turismo abriendo así el debate sobre la necesidad de incorporar una visión integrada tanto en el análisis de la realidad turística como en las formas de gestión turística del territorio metropolitano. A través de la utilización de fuentes bibliográficas, estadísticas y documentales, el artículo indaga en el incipiente proceso de institucionalización de la gestión metropolitana del turismo en Barcelona y analiza en profundidad dos cuestiones clave: la regulación de las viviendas de uso turístico y la estrategia de desconcentración de la actividad turística en el entorno metropolitano. Con todo, la escala metropolitana resulta clave para la gestión pública del turismo con el fin de hacer frente a desafíos propios del ámbito territorial y, además, permite profundizar con el debate sobre los límites de la acción política en turismo.

Vegetable production is common in peri-urban agriculture where produce is sold in nearby towns, and the Santiago Metropolitan Region (SMR) in Chile is no exception. The objective of this article is to explore the productive, commercial and management strategies of small-scale vegetable growers at the SMR, their attitudes towards their activity, and to identify different profiles. We surveyed in person 170 farmers. The data was analyzed using descriptive and multivariate techniques. Results suggestthat different characteristics and strategies are concomitant to certain attitudes that vegetable growers hold towards key aspects such as innovation or willingness to associate., La horticultura es común en la agricultura periurbana, en la cual los productos pueden ser vendidos en urbes próximas, como el caso de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago (RMS). Esta investigación tiene por objeto explorar las estrategias productivas, comerciales y de gestión, así como las actitudes, de los pequeños horticultores en la RMS e identificar perfiles. Se encuestó en persona a 170 agricultores. Los datos fueron analizados mediante técnicas descriptivas y multivariantes. Los resultados sugieren que las diferentes características y estrategias son concomitantes a las actitudes de los horticultoresrespecto a aspectos como la innovación o la voluntad de asociarse.

Vegetable production is common in peri-urban agriculture where produce is sold in nearby towns, and the Santiago Metropolitan Region (SMR) in Chile is no exception. The objective of this article is to explore the productive, commercial and management strategies of small-scale vegetable growers at the SMR, their attitudes towards their activity, and to identify different profiles. We surveyed in person 170 farmers. The data was analyzed using descriptive and multivariate techniques. Results suggestthat different characteristics and strategies are concomitant to certain attitudes that vegetable growers hold towards key aspects such as innovation or willingness to associate., La horticultura es común en la agricultura periurbana, en la cual los productos pueden ser vendidos en urbes próximas, como el caso de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago (RMS). Esta investigación tiene por objeto explorar las estrategias productivas, comerciales y de gestión, así como las actitudes, de los pequeños horticultores en la RMS e identificar perfiles. Se encuestó en persona a 170 agricultores. Los datos fueron analizados mediante técnicas descriptivas y multivariantes. Los resultados sugieren que las diferentes características y estrategias son concomitantes a las actitudes de los horticultoresrespecto a aspectos como la innovación o la voluntad de asociarse.

Vegetable production is common in peri-urban agriculture where produce is sold in nearby towns, and the Santiago Metropolitan Region (SMR) in Chile is no exception. The objective of this article is to explore the productive, commercial and management strategies of small-scale vegetable growers at the SMR, their attitudes towards their activity, and to identify different profiles. We surveyed in person 170 farmers. The data was analyzed using descriptive and multivariate techniques. Results suggestthat different characteristics and strategies are concomitant to certain attitudes that vegetable growers hold towards key aspects such as innovation or willingness to associate., La horticultura es común en la agricultura periurbana, en la cual los productos pueden ser vendidos en urbes próximas, como el caso de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago (RMS). Esta investigación tiene por objeto explorar las estrategias productivas, comerciales y de gestión, así como las actitudes, de los pequeños horticultores en la RMS e identificar perfiles. Se encuestó en persona a 170 agricultores. Los datos fueron analizados mediante técnicas descriptivas y multivariantes. Los resultados sugieren que las diferentes características y estrategias son concomitantes a las actitudes de los horticultoresrespecto a aspectos como la innovación o la voluntad de asociarse.

El presente trabajo, se centra en analizar cuáles han sido las claves de la asociatividad territorial entre los municipios de la subregión del Oriente Antioqueño, en especial los ubicados en la zona del Altiplano, o también llamado Valle de San Nicolás, a saber: Rionegro, La Ceja del Tambo, El Retiro, La Unión, El Carmen de Viboral, Guarne, San Vicente Ferrer, Marinilla y El Santuario. Dentro de dichas claves, se intentarán comprender los aciertos y desaciertos de estas dinámicas de integración, haciendo un análisis de las características de los esquemas que hoy están conformados y en los que se encuentran asociados éstos municipios. Se proponen tres alternativas nuevas de integración que pueden ser exploradas en la subregión; por un lado, un esquema que ya ha sido debatido sin llegar a concretarse, como lo es la iniciativa de crear un Área Metropolitana en el Oriente; y de otro lado, se propone la exploración de figuras que aún no han sido discutidas dentro de este escenario, como la posibilidad de conformar una Región de Planeación y Gestión (RPG), o la de crear una figura de régimen especial que se asemeje a la recién creada Región Metropolitana de Bogotá. Sobre cada una, se realizará un análisis de viabilidad tanto desde el punto de vista legal -a la luz de las disposiciones contenidas en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano- como desde el punto de vista político, toda vez que la conformación de un Esquema Asociativo Territorial depende en gran medida de la voluntad de los tomadores de decisiones., The present paper focuses on analyzing the keys to territorial associativity among the municipalities of the Eastern Antioquia subregion, especially those located in the Altiplano area, or also called the San Nicolás Valley, namely: Rionegro, La Ceja del Tambo, El Retiro, La Unión, El Carmen de Viboral, Guarne, San Vicente Ferrer, Marinilla and El Santuario. Within these keys, an attempt will be made to understand the successes and failures of these integration dynamics, making an analysis of the characteristics of the schemes that today are formed and in which these municipalities are associated. Three new integration alternatives are proposed to can be explored in the subregion; one of them, a scheme that has already been debated without materializing, such as the initiative to create a Metropolitan Area in the Eastern subregion; in addition, this paper proposes the exploration of figures that have not yet been discussed within this scenario, such as the possibility of creating a Planning and Management Region (RPG for its acronym in Spanish), or creating a special regime figure that resembles the newly created Metropolitan Region of Bogotá. On each one, a feasibility analysis will be carried out both from the legal point of view -according with the content of the Colombian legal system- and from the political point of view, since the formation of a Territorial Associative Scheme depends largely of the will of the decision makers.

Vegetable production is common in peri-urban agriculture where produce is sold in nearby towns, and the Santiago Metropolitan Region (SMR) in Chile is no exception. The objective of this article is to explore the productive, commercial and management strategies of small-scale vegetable growers at the SMR, their attitudes towards their activity, and to identify different profiles. We surveyed in person 170 farmers. The data was analyzed using descriptive and multivariate techniques. Results suggestthat different characteristics and strategies are concomitant to certain attitudes that vegetable growers hold towards key aspects such as innovation or willingness to associate., La horticultura es común en la agricultura periurbana, en la cual los productos pueden ser vendidos en urbes próximas, como el caso de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago (RMS). Esta investigación tiene por objeto explorar las estrategias productivas, comerciales y de gestión, así como las actitudes, de los pequeños horticultores en la RMS e identificar perfiles. Se encuestó en persona a 170 agricultores. Los datos fueron analizados mediante técnicas descriptivas y multivariantes. Los resultados sugieren que las diferentes características y estrategias son concomitantes a las actitudes de los horticultoresrespecto a aspectos como la innovación o la voluntad de asociarse.

The Programa Bolsa Família(PBF) has become an instrument of income transfer to the municipalities over the years. Under this aspect, this study aimed to analyze the impact of this program on the economic scope of the metropolitan region of the Greater ABCD (Santo André, São Bernardo, São Caetano and Diadema), in the period between 2004 and 2018. The hypothesis of this study considers that the income transfer carried out through the PBF is capable of generating economic development, a factor analyzed under the application aspects ofthe Esping-Andersen theory. For this, document analysis was used as a research method, based on the evaluation of databases and indicators such as Municipal Gross Domestic Product, Per capita income, Gini Index and Municipal Human Development Index. As a result, there was a growth in the aforementioned indicators, with a significant impact on education in these municipalities and, consequently, on local development., O Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) se transformou em instrumento de transferência de renda para os municípios ao longo dos anos, sob este aspecto, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o impacto deste programa no âmbito econômico da região metropolitana do Grande ABCD (Santo André, São Bernardo, São Caetano e Diadema), no período entre 2004 e 2018. A hipótese deste trabalho considera que a transferência de renda realizada através do PBF é capaz de gerar desenvolvimento econômico, fator analisado sob os aspectos de aplicação da teoria de Esping-Andersen. Para isso, utilizou-se como método de pesquisa análise documental a partir de avaliação de banco de dados e indicadores como Produto Interno Bruto Municipal, Renda per capita, Índice de Gini e Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal. Como resultado constatou-se crescimento dos indicadores supracitados, havendo impacto expressivo sobre a educação nestes municípios e, consequentemente, sobre o desenvolvimento local.

The paper seeks to identify and assess the polarising, indirect and direct favourable influence of Belgrade, as the capital and the largest city in Serbia, in the development of settlements and centres within its administrative area, i.e. the territory administratively named the City of Belgrade. The paper includes an analysis of demographic trends, including commuting trends, and the functional and morphological changes in the settlements of the Belgrade region between 1971 and 2011. Various analytical and synthetic methods have been used to assess the investigated territory's degree of transformation, including both positive effects and the negative consequences of the impact of various factors. Suburban areas are not clearly delimited. Belgrade's urban area is not marked by social segregation. The initial hypothesis that the Belgrade region underwent a complex and multifaceted transformation has been confirmed, which will significantly determine future planning solutions, especially as regards the identified causes of the transformation, the factors of which have not been significantly changed in the transition, post-socialist period. The appropriateness of development planning measures and governing policies in this area is of crucial importance for the country as a whole.

Urban mobility is a major challenge for cities. Mobility problems often aggravate, demanding an articulation of related policies and solutions, when these cities are inserted in metropolitan areas. In this context, the Metropolis Statute, a federal law approved in Brazil in 2015, established the Integrated Development Plan as an instrument that should determine the guidelines for public functions of common interest, including mobility. Thus, amid the challenges of mobility, the need for an integrated planning in metropolitan regions and the recent legal determination to develop an integrated plan in Brazilian regions, this article aims to present the method developed for the diagnosis of mobility in the Metropolitan Region of Goiânia, state of Goiás, Brazil. The applied methodology was a bibliographical, quantitative and qualitative research. As main results, it should be noted that the procedure, besides being adequate to form a diagnosis for the integrated plan, has a great potential to help and inspire metropolitan regions that are in the process of drawing up their plans. Main ideas: Review article that discusses the challenges of mobility and the need for integrated planning in the Brazilian metropolitan regions. It presents the methodological procedure developed for the diagnosis of mobility in the Metropolitan Region of Goiânia, Brazil. It brings the main results of the developed procedure’s application., La movilidad urbana es un gran reto para las ciudades. Los problemas de movilidad a menudo se agravan cuando estas ciudades se insertan en regiones metropolitanas, lo que exige una articulación de políticas y soluciones relacionadas. En este contexto, el Estatuto de Metrópolis, una ley federal brasileña aprobada en 2015, estableció el Plan de Desarrollo Urbano Integrado como un instrumento que debería establecer pautas para funciones públicas de interés común, incluida la movilidad. Por lo tanto, en medio de los desafíos de la movilidad, la necesidad de una planificación integrada en las regiones metropolitanas y la reciente determinación legal para elaborar un plan integrado para este propósito en Brasil, este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar el método desarrollado para el diagnóstico de la movilidad en la Región Metropolitana de Goiânia, estado de Goiás, Brasil. Para ello, utilizamos investigación bibliográfica, cuantitativa y cualitativa. Como resultados principales, cabe destacar que el procedimiento, además de ser adecuado para hacer un diagnóstico del plan integrado, tiene un gran potencial para ayudar e inspirar a las regiones metropolitanas que están en el proceso de preparar sus planes.Ideas destacadas: artículo de revisión que analiza los desafíos de la movilidad y la necesidad de una planificación integrada en las regiones metropolitanas de Brasil. Presenta el procedimiento metodológico desarrollado para el diagnóstico de movilidad en la Región Metropolitana de Goiânia, Brasil. Presenta los principales resultados de la aplicación del procedimiento desarrollado., A mobilidade urbana constitui um grande desafio às cidades. Os problemas de mobilidade costumam ser ainda agravados quando estas cidades se inserem em regiões metropolitanas, o que demanda uma articulação de políticas e soluções relacionadas. Nesse contexto, o Estatuto da Metrópole, lei federal brasileira aprovada em 2015, instituiu o Plano de Desenvolvimento Urbano Integrado como um instrumento que deve estabelecer as diretrizes para funções públicas de interesse comum, dentre as quais inclui-se a mobilidade. Assim sendo, em meio aos desafios da mobilidade, à necessidade de planejamento integrado nas regiões metropolitanas e à recente determinação legal de elaboração de um plano integrado para tal no Brasil, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o método desenvolvido para o diagnóstico da mobilidade na Região Metropolitana de Goiânia, Estado de Goiás, Brasil. Para tal, utiliza-se pesquisa bibliográfica, quantitativa e qualitativa. Como principais resultados, destaca-se que o procedimento, além mostrar-se adequado para conformar um diagnóstico para o plano integrado, tem grande potencial para auxiliar e inspirar regiões metropolitanas que estejam em fase de elaboração de seus planos.Ideias destacadas: artigo de revisão que problematiza os desafios da mobilidade e a necessidade de planejamento integrado das regiões metropolitanas brasileiras. Apresenta o procedimento metodológico desenvolvido para a elaboração diagnóstica da mobilidade na Região Metropolitana de Goiânia, Brasil. Traz os principais resultados da aplicação do procedimento desenvolvido.

Urban mobility is a major challenge for cities. Mobility problems often aggravate, demanding an articulation of related policies and solutions, when these cities are inserted in metropolitan areas. In this context, the Metropolis Statute, a federal law approved in Brazil in 2015, established the Integrated Development Plan as an instrument that should determine the guidelines for public functions of common interest, including mobility. Thus, amid the challenges of mobility, the need for an integrated planning in metropolitan regions and the recent legal determination to develop an integrated plan in Brazilian regions, this article aims to present the method developed for the diagnosis of mobility in the Metropolitan Region of Goiânia, state of Goiás, Brazil. The applied methodology was a bibliographical, quantitative and qualitative research. As main results, it should be noted that the procedure, besides being adequate to form a diagnosis for the integrated plan, has a great potential to help and inspire metropolitan regions that are in the process of drawing up their plans. Main ideas: Review article that discusses the challenges of mobility and the need for integrated planning in the Brazilian metropolitan regions. It presents the methodological procedure developed for the diagnosis of mobility in the Metropolitan Region of Goiânia, Brazil. It brings the main results of the developed procedure’s application., La movilidad urbana es un gran reto para las ciudades. Los problemas de movilidad a menudo se agravan cuando estas ciudades se insertan en regiones metropolitanas, lo que exige una articulación de políticas y soluciones relacionadas. En este contexto, el Estatuto de Metrópolis, una ley federal brasileña aprobada en 2015, estableció el Plan de Desarrollo Urbano Integrado como un instrumento que debería establecer pautas para funciones públicas de interés común, incluida la movilidad. Por lo tanto, en medio de los desafíos de la movilidad, la necesidad de una planificación integrada en las regiones metropolitanas y la reciente determinación legal para elaborar un plan integrado para este propósito en Brasil, este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar el método desarrollado para el diagnóstico de la movilidad en la Región Metropolitana de Goiânia, estado de Goiás, Brasil. Para ello, utilizamos investigación bibliográfica, cuantitativa y cualitativa. Como resultados principales, cabe destacar que el procedimiento, además de ser adecuado para hacer un diagnóstico del plan integrado, tiene un gran potencial para ayudar e inspirar a las regiones metropolitanas que están en el proceso de preparar sus planes.Ideas destacadas: artículo de revisión que analiza los desafíos de la movilidad y la necesidad de una planificación integrada en las regiones metropolitanas de Brasil. Presenta el procedimiento metodológico desarrollado para el diagnóstico de movilidad en la Región Metropolitana de Goiânia, Brasil. Presenta los principales resultados de la aplicación del procedimiento desarrollado., A mobilidade urbana constitui um grande desafio às cidades. Os problemas de mobilidade costumam ser ainda agravados quando estas cidades se inserem em regiões metropolitanas, o que demanda uma articulação de políticas e soluções relacionadas. Nesse contexto, o Estatuto da Metrópole, lei federal brasileira aprovada em 2015, instituiu o Plano de Desenvolvimento Urbano Integrado como um instrumento que deve estabelecer as diretrizes para funções públicas de interesse comum, dentre as quais inclui-se a mobilidade. Assim sendo, em meio aos desafios da mobilidade, à necessidade de planejamento integrado nas regiões metropolitanas e à recente determinação legal de elaboração de um plano integrado para tal no Brasil, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o método desenvolvido para o diagnóstico da mobilidade na Região Metropolitana de Goiânia, Estado de Goiás, Brasil. Para tal, utiliza-se pesquisa bibliográfica, quantitativa e qualitativa. Como principais resultados, destaca-se que o procedimento, além mostrar-se adequado para conformar um diagnóstico para o plano integrado, tem grande potencial para auxiliar e inspirar regiões metropolitanas que estejam em fase de elaboração de seus planos.Ideias destacadas: artigo de revisão que problematiza os desafios da mobilidade e a necessidade de planejamento integrado das regiões metropolitanas brasileiras. Apresenta o procedimento metodológico desenvolvido para a elaboração diagnóstica da mobilidade na Região Metropolitana de Goiânia, Brasil. Traz os principais resultados da aplicação do procedimento desenvolvido.

Las metrópolis se encuentran en un proceso de recomposición en relación al momento histórico en el que estamos viviendo. Anteriormente, la construcción de las metrópolis siguió nuevas pautas tras la Revolución Industrial, como los ensanches, las “Company towns” y las transformaciones urbanas que recomponían el espacio social. Ahora nos encontramos de nuevo en un momento de transición, ecológica, en el que tenemos diferentes perspectivas proyectuales para dar respuesta a las nuevas necesidades. Las políticas en materia de energía y medio ambiente que supone la transición ecológica hacia un nuevo modelo productivo y social para dar respuesta a retos como el cambio climático inciden de pleno en la revisión del hecho metropolitano. En el actual contexto, la Región Metropolitana de Madrid es una excepción en la planificación territorial de las grandes ciudades europeas y no cuenta con un proyecto público de futuro en su dimensión espacial. Madrid necesita una nueva planificación relacional que enlace todas las cuestiones que están presentes en un escenario de transición ecológica con respuestas flexibles e integradas. Esto supone un primer paso que es la superación del marco municipal para integrar a través de la planificación el espacio metropolitano que le ha sido negado en los últimos cincuenta años. Se analizan los principales temas para la planificación de la Región Metropolitana de Madrid 2030 tales como la ciudad construida, el espacio público y la movilidad asociada; los desarrollos en curso en relación con el medio ambiente, el papel de la vivienda y el reequilibrio territorial, a modo de síntesis para la construcción de una nueva propuesta de futuro.

The paper seeks to identify and assess the polarising, indirect and direct favourable influence of Belgrade, as the capital and the largest city in Serbia, in the development of settlements and centres within its administrative area, i.e. the territory administratively named the City of Belgrade. The paper includes an analysis of demographic trends, including commuting trends, and the functional and morphological changes in the settlements of the Belgrade region between 1971 and 2011. Various analytical and synthetic methods have been used to assess the investigated territory's degree of transformation, including both positive effects and the negative consequences of the impact of various factors. Suburban areas are not clearly delimited. Belgrade's urban area is not marked by social segregation. The initial hypothesis that the Belgrade region underwent a complex and multifaceted transformation has been confirmed, which will significantly determine future planning solutions, especially as regards the identified causes of the transformation, the factors of which have not been significantly changed in the transition, post-socialist period. The appropriateness of development planning measures and governing policies in this area is of crucial importance for the country as a whole.

Urban mobility is a major challenge for cities. Mobility problems often aggravate, demanding an articulation of related policies and solutions, when these cities are inserted in metropolitan areas. In this context, the Metropolis Statute, a federal law approved in Brazil in 2015, established the Integrated Development Plan as an instrument that should determine the guidelines for public functions of common interest, including mobility. Thus, amid the challenges of mobility, the need for an integrated planning in metropolitan regions and the recent legal determination to develop an integrated plan in Brazilian regions, this article aims to present the method developed for the diagnosis of mobility in the Metropolitan Region of Goiânia, state of Goiás, Brazil. The applied methodology was a bibliographical, quantitative and qualitative research. As main results, it should be noted that the procedure, besides being adequate to form a diagnosis for the integrated plan, has a great potential to help and inspire metropolitan regions that are in the process of drawing up their plans. Main ideas: Review article that discusses the challenges of mobility and the need for integrated planning in the Brazilian metropolitan regions. It presents the methodological procedure developed for the diagnosis of mobility in the Metropolitan Region of Goiânia, Brazil. It brings the main results of the developed procedure’s application., A mobilidade urbana constitui um grande desafio às cidades. Os problemas de mobilidade costumam ser ainda agravados quando estas cidades se inserem em regiões metropolitanas, o que demanda uma articulação de políticas e soluções relacionadas. Nesse contexto, o Estatuto da Metrópole, lei federal brasileira aprovada em 2015, instituiu o Plano de Desenvolvimento Urbano Integrado como um instrumento que deve estabelecer as diretrizes para funções públicas de interesse comum, dentre as quais inclui-se a mobilidade. Assim sendo, em meio aos desafios da mobilidade, à necessidade de planejamento integrado nas regiões metropolitanas e à recente determinação legal de elaboração de um plano integrado para tal no Brasil, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o método desenvolvido para o diagnóstico da mobilidade na Região Metropolitana de Goiânia, Estado de Goiás, Brasil. Para tal, utiliza-se pesquisa bibliográfica, quantitativa e qualitativa. Como principais resultados, destaca-se que o procedimento, além mostrar-se adequado para conformar um diagnóstico para o plano integrado, tem grande potencial para auxiliar e inspirar regiões metropolitanas que estejam em fase de elaboração de seus planos.Ideias destacadas: artigo de revisão que problematiza os desafios da mobilidade e a necessidade de planejamento integrado das regiões metropolitanas brasileiras. Apresenta o procedimento metodológico desenvolvido para a elaboração diagnóstica da mobilidade na Região Metropolitana de Goiânia, Brasil. Traz os principais resultados da aplicação do procedimento desenvolvido., La movilidad urbana es un gran reto para las ciudades. Los problemas de movilidad a menudo se agravan cuando estas ciudades se insertan en regiones metropolitanas, lo que exige una articulación de políticas y soluciones relacionadas. En este contexto, el Estatuto de Metrópolis, una ley federal brasileña aprobada en 2015, estableció el Plan de Desarrollo Urbano Integrado como un instrumento que debería establecer pautas para funciones públicas de interés común, incluida la movilidad. Por lo tanto, en medio de los desafíos de la movilidad, la necesidad de una planificación integrada en las regiones metropolitanas y la reciente determinación legal para elaborar un plan integrado para este propósito en Brasil, este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar el método desarrollado para el diagnóstico de la movilidad en la Región Metropolitana de Goiânia, estado de Goiás, Brasil. Para ello, utilizamos investigación bibliográfica, cuantitativa y cualitativa. Como resultados principales, cabe destacar que el procedimiento, además de ser adecuado para hacer un diagnóstico del plan integrado, tiene un gran potencial para ayudar e inspirar a las regiones metropolitanas que están en el proceso de preparar sus planes.Ideas destacadas: artículo de revisión que analiza los desafíos de la movilidad y la necesidad de una planificación integrada en las regiones metropolitanas de Brasil. Presenta el procedimiento metodológico desarrollado para el diagnóstico de movilidad en la Región Metropolitana de Goiânia, Brasil. Presenta los principales resultados de la aplicación del procedimiento desarrollado.

The Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988, instituted the right of states to create metropolitan regions in the country. As a result, several metropolises have undertaken this institutionalization with political and economic interests and not considering metropolitan characteristics. The purpose of this study is to analyze the complementary law nº. 12 of 2015, which established the Metropolitan Region of União da Vitória, located in southeastern Paraná, southern Brazil. The methodology was developed based on the definition of eight indicators, which are subdivided into the Structural, Physical-territorial and Integration dimensions. Among the results, the characteristics observed in the present study do not match the profile of the main Brazilian metropolises. The urbanization rate of the region is very low, territorial integration is nonexistent and relations between municipalities occur only between União da Vitória and those that are in its limit. Thus, it can be concluded that the institutionalization of the União da Vitória Metropolitan Region does not meet the minimum requirements for the establishment of the new category., A Constituição Federal Brasileira de 1988, instituiu o direito da criação de regiões metropolitanas no país por parte dos Estados. Como resultado, diversas metrópoles realizaram esta institucionalização com interesses políticos e econômicos e não considerando as características metropolitanas. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o projeto de lei complementar n°12 de 2015, que instituiu a Região Metropolitana de União da Vitória, localizada no sudeste do Paraná, no sul do Brasil. A metodologia se desenvolveu a partir da definição de oito indicadores, os quais são subdivididos nas dimensões Estrutural, Físico-territorial e Integração. Entre os resultados, tem-se que as características observadas no presente estudo, não condizem com o perfil das principais metrópoles brasileiras. A taxa de urbanização da região é muito baixa, a integração territorial é inexistente e as relações entre municípios se dão apenas entre União da Vitória e àqueles que estão em seu limite. Desta forma, conclui-se que a institucionalização da Região Metropolitana de União da Vitória não cumpre os requisitos mínimos para o estabelecimento da nova categoria., La Constitución Federal brasileña de 1988 estableció el derecho de los estados a crear regiones metropolitanas en el país. Como resultado, varias metrópolis llevaron a cabo esta institucionalización con intereses políticos y económicos y sin tener en cuenta las características metropolitanas. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el proyecto de ley complementario no 12 de 2015, que estableció la Región Metropolitana de la Universidad de Vitória, ubicada en el sureste de Paraná, en el sur de Brasil. La metodología se desarrolló a partir de la definición de ocho indicadores, que se subdividen en las dimensiones estructural, físico-territorial e integración. Entre los resultados, las características observadas en el presente estudio no coinciden con el perfil de las principales metrópolis brasileñas. La tasa de urbanización de la región es muy baja, la integración territorial es inexistente y las relaciones entre los municipios se llevan a cabo sólo entre la Unión de la Victoria y las que están en su límite. Así, se concluye que la institucionalización de la Región Metropolitana de la Universidad de Vitória no cumple los requisitos mínimos para el establecimiento de la nueva categoría.

O Brasil, nas últimas décadas a Região Metropolitana de Natal (RMN), viveu um aumento do contingente populacional nas cidades e um crescente processo de urbanização com padrão descontínuo de expansão da mancha urbana. A tendência ao maior crescimento demográfico nas áreas periurbanas em expansão ocasionou novas formas da produção do espaço. A ávida procura por solo apto a implantação de moradias pelo capital imobiliário, nos faz questionar: de que maneira a produção habitacional produzido pelo Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV I e II, durante 2009-2014) se insere na dinâmica territorial da RMN? Buscar entender a lógica ocupacional e o processo de espraiamento da expansão urbana por meio da produção recente de moradias no espaço urbano é o objetivo geral deste artigo. A RMN foi analisada buscando os momentos e condições gerais que se deu com a implantação do PMCMV e sua relação com as formas e os processos territoriais da RMN constituídas por intervenções por parte do Estado e do capital imobiliário, que delinearam a fragmentação dos tecidos urbanos e as desigualdades socioespaciais por meio do processo que aqui está sendo denominado por “Urbanização Imobiliária Residencial”., In the last decades, Brazil, the Metropolitan Region of Natal (NMR), has experienced an increase in the population contingent in cities and a growing process of urbanization with a discontinuous pattern of expansion of the urban area. The trend towards greater demographic growth in expanding peri-urban areas has led to new forms of space production. The eager search for land suitable for housing construction by real estate capital makes us question: how does the housing production produced by the Minha Casa Minha Vida Program (PMCMV I and II, during 2009-2014) fit into the territorial dynamics of the NMR? Seeking to understand the occupational logic and the spreading process of urban expansion throug The NMR was analyzed looking for the general moments and conditions that occurred with the implantation of the PMCMV and its relationship with the forms and territorial processes of the NMR constituted by interventions by the State and the real estate capital, which outlined the fragmentation of the urban tissues and socio-spatial inequalities through the process that is being called here "Urbanização Imobiliária Residencial".

The work presents a recognition that integrates the current condition of the port of Buenos Aires as a strategic economic and productive infrastructure of national scale, the urban-port mobility in the centrality of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires and the effects derived from the port activity in the multimodal system of transport and logistics in the homonymous Metropolitan Region. Its privileged insertion in the metropolitan centrality confronts it with a permanent debate on the limitations recognized from the territorial dimension, on the restrictions on the subject of land uses, mobility and logistics and the relationship with the city, at the same time as it benefits from its central positioning in the local multiscale, micro and macro regional. The objective is to recognize the scope and limitations of the Port of Buenos Aires regarding mobility in the metropolitan scale in the medium term. The proposed methodology is qualitative with the incorporation of quantitative data, considering as variables of analysis –interdependent and interdefinable- the mobility, the multimodal transport system and the logistics. It is structured in three stages: i) conceptual theoretical corpus and insertion context of the Port of Buenos Aires; ii) Exploratory analysis of recognition of demands and restrictions of the port condition as a recent scenario and iii) Valuable synthesis of the port in the medium term. In this way, a common problem of port territories inserted in metropolitan areas is addressed from a general conceptual theoretical framework, which distinguishes the transition between the technocratic paradigm and a new approach to mobility, integrating transport, transit, infrastructures , the logistics and the flows of goods and people acting systemically on the territorial support., El trabajo presenta un reconocimiento que integra la condición actual del puerto de Buenos Aires como infraestructura estratégica económica y productiva de escala nacional, la movilidad urbano-portuaria en la centralidad de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires y los efectos derivados de la actividad portuaria en el sistema multimodal de transporte y la logística en la Región Metropolitana homónima. Su inserción privilegiada en la centralidad metropolitana lo enfrenta a un debate permanente en las limitaciones reconocidas desde la dimensión territorial, sobre las restricciones en el tema de usos del suelo, movilidad y logística y la relación con la ciudad, al mismo tiempo que se beneficia de su posicionamiento central en la multiescalaridad local, micro y macro regional. El objetivo es reconocer los alcances y limitaciones del Puerto de Buenos Aires respecto de la movilidad en la escala metropolitana a mediano plazo. La metodología propuesta es cualitativa con incorporación de datos cuantitativos, considerando como variables de análisis -interdependientes e interdefinibles- la movilidad, el sistema multimodal de transporte y la logística. Se estructura en tres etapas: i) corpus teórico conceptual y contexto de inserción del Puerto de Buenos Aires; ii) análisis exploratorio de reconocimiento de demandas y restricciones de la condición portuaria a modo de escenario reciente y iii) síntesis valorativa del puerto a mediano plazo. De este modo, se atiende a un problema común de los territorios portuarios insertos en áreas metropolitanas desde un marco teórico conceptual general, que distingue la transición entre el paradigma tecnocrático y un nuevo enfoque de la movilidad, integrando el transporte, al tránsito, las infraestructuras, la logística y los flujos de bienes y personas actuando sistémicamente sobre el soporte territorial.

The work presents a recognition that integrates the current condition of the port of Buenos Aires as a strategic economic and productive infrastructure of national scale, the urban-port mobility in the centrality of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires and the effects derived from the port activity in the multimodal system of transport and logistics in the homonymous Metropolitan Region. Its privileged insertion in the metropolitan centrality confronts it with a permanent debate on the limitations recognized from the territorial dimension, on the restrictions on the subject of land uses, mobility and logistics and the relationship with the city, at the same time as it benefits from its central positioning in the local multiscale, micro and macro regional. The objective is to recognize the scope and limitations of the Port of Buenos Aires regarding mobility in the metropolitan scale in the medium term. The proposed methodology is qualitative with the incorporation of quantitative data, considering as variables of analysis –interdependent and interdefinable- the mobility, the multimodal transport system and the logistics. It is structured in three stages: i) conceptual theoretical corpus and insertion context of the Port of Buenos Aires; ii) Exploratory analysis of recognition of demands and restrictions of the port condition as a recent scenario and iii) Valuable synthesis of the port in the medium term. In this way, a common problem of port territories inserted in metropolitan areas is addressed from a general conceptual theoretical framework, which distinguishes the transition between the technocratic paradigm and a new approach to mobility, integrating transport, transit, infrastructures , the logistics and the flows of goods and people acting systemically on the territorial support., El trabajo presenta un reconocimiento que integra la condición actual del puerto de Buenos Aires como infraestructura estratégica económica y productiva de escala nacional, la movilidad urbano-portuaria en la centralidad de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires y los efectos derivados de la actividad portuaria en el sistema multimodal de transporte y la logística en la Región Metropolitana homónima. Su inserción privilegiada en la centralidad metropolitana lo enfrenta a un debate permanente en las limitaciones reconocidas desde la dimensión territorial, sobre las restricciones en el tema de usos del suelo, movilidad y logística y la relación con la ciudad, al mismo tiempo que se beneficia de su posicionamiento central en la multiescalaridad local, micro y macro regional. El objetivo es reconocer los alcances y limitaciones del Puerto de Buenos Aires respecto de la movilidad en la escala metropolitana a mediano plazo. La metodología propuesta es cualitativa con incorporación de datos cuantitativos, considerando como variables de análisis -interdependientes e interdefinibles- la movilidad, el sistema multimodal de transporte y la logística. Se estructura en tres etapas: i) corpus teórico conceptual y contexto de inserción del Puerto de Buenos Aires; ii) análisis exploratorio de reconocimiento de demandas y restricciones de la condición portuaria a modo de escenario reciente y iii) síntesis valorativa del puerto a mediano plazo. De este modo, se atiende a un problema común de los territorios portuarios insertos en áreas metropolitanas desde un marco teórico conceptual general, que distingue la transición entre el paradigma tecnocrático y un nuevo enfoque de la movilidad, integrando el transporte, al tránsito, las infraestructuras, la logística y los flujos de bienes y personas actuando sistémicamente sobre el soporte territorial.

Mobility between Brussels and its outskirts is a key multidimensional issue involving socioeconomic, environmental and political challenges. However, precise data on this issue are relatively limited. In this context, this article proposes to address the issue through empirical geographical analysis. Thus, the differentiated conditions and ways of travelling to Brussels from its metropolitan area emerge, and are summarised within a typology., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Currently, new economic and population dynamics formed in metropolitan areas – such as the case of the Macrometrópole Paulista (MMP), "macro-metropolitan region of São Paulo" – have established territorial, socio-economic and environmental transformations that impact urban and rural spaces. Over the years, the productive activities in this enormous network of cities – the MMP – has gone through important physical and functional changes in which many activities lost their regional economic importance as can be seen in the decrease of population engaged in agricultural activities of rural areas. In this context, spaces have become quite heterogeneous, where the highly developed agro-industry exists alongside low-density areas with local agricultural production that does not participate in larger production chains. This diversity in the MMP makes it difficult to define and distinguish between rural and urban spaces, and requires new cartography resources capable of adjusting to and representing such phenomena in which the boundaries between these spaces can be definitively settled. The Brazilian official territorial classification adopted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) is based on an administrative definition of district and urban perimeter. The lack of a single national criterion in Brazil has resulted in arbitrary boundaries of rural and urban spaces. This article aims to present the differences between the current Brazilian classification of urban and rural spaces with the research findings in "The rural in the São Paulo urbanization in a macro-metropolitan context", beginning with an exploration of the concept of rural and the variables that characterize these areas. Research has shown that in order to grasp the different aspects of the land it is necessary to find tools that can combine and integrate immense volumes of data on different scales and that came from various sources. The multivariate analysis of data associated with Geogr

The objective of this paper is to assess the effect of long-term participation in an extension program on peri-urban family farming earnings. For this purpose, a survey of a sample of 156 participants in the Local Development Program (PRODESAL) of the Chilean National Institute for Agricultural Development (INDAP) was conducted in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago. Half of the respondents were long-term participants with at least four yrs in the program, and the rest of the farmers were one-yr beneficiaries. A treatment regression model (TRM) with a binary endogenous variable was used to identify differences among long- and short-term farmer participation in PRODESAL. The first stage of the model is a probit regression that identifies factors influencing long-term participation in PRODESAL. The second stage has the total value of production (TVP) as a dependent variable, which captures agricultural earnings, and one of the explanatory variables is the binary endogenous regressor of the first stage of the model. The results show a positive impact of long-term participation in PRODESAL on TVP. Other variables, such as farm size, fertilization and access to credit, were significant and positively related to TVP as well. Education and social capital are shown to be variables that increase the probability of long-term participation of family farmers in the program., Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es evaluar el efecto de la participación en el largo plazo en un programa de extensión en los resultados económicos de agricultores familiares peri-urbanos. Para ello, se aplicó una encuesta a una muestra de 156 beneficiarios del Programa de Desarrollo Local (PRODESAL) del Instituto de Desarrollo Agropecuario (INDAP) en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago. La mitad de los agricultores encuestados son participantes de largo plazo en el programa con al menos cuatro años y la otra mitad eran beneficiarios hacía un año. Se utilizó un modelo de regresión con una variable binaria endógena para identificar las diferencias entre participantes de largo y corto plazo en PRODESAL. La primera etapa del modelo es una regresión Probit que identifica los factores que influencian la participación de largo plazo en PRODESAL. La segunda etapa tiene como variable dependiente el valor total de la producción (VTP), la cual captura los resultados económicos. Una de las variables explicativas es el regresor binario endógeno de la primera etapa del modelo. Los resultados muestran un impacto positivo de la participación de largo plazo en PRODESAL en el VTP. Otras variables, como el tamaño predial, la fertilización y el acceso a créditos, también fueron significativas y positivas. La educación y el capital social se evidencian como variables que incrementan la probabilidad de participación de largo plazo en el programa.

The objective of this paper is to assess the effect of long-term participation in an extension program on peri-urban family farming earnings. For this purpose, a survey of a sample of 156 participants in the Local Development Program (PRODESAL) of the Chilean National Institute for Agricultural Development (INDAP) was conducted in the Metropolitan Region of Santiago. Half of the respondents were long-term participants with at least four yrs in the program, and the rest of the farmers were one-yr beneficiaries. A treatment regression model (TRM) with a binary endogenous variable was used to identify differences among long- and short-term farmer participation in PRODESAL. The first stage of the model is a probit regression that identifies factors influencing long-term participation in PRODESAL. The second stage has the total value of production (TVP) as a dependent variable, which captures agricultural earnings, and one of the explanatory variables is the binary endogenous regressor of the first stage of the model. The results show a positive impact of long-term participation in PRODESAL on TVP. Other variables, such as farm size, fertilization and access to credit, were significant and positively related to TVP as well. Education and social capital are shown to be variables that increase the probability of long-term participation of family farmers in the program., Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es evaluar el efecto de la participación en el largo plazo en un programa de extensión en los resultados económicos de agricultores familiares peri-urbanos. Para ello, se aplicó una encuesta a una muestra de 156 beneficiarios del Programa de Desarrollo Local (PRODESAL) del Instituto de Desarrollo Agropecuario (INDAP) en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago. La mitad de los agricultores encuestados son participantes de largo plazo en el programa con al menos cuatro años y la otra mitad eran beneficiarios hacía un año. Se utilizó un modelo de regresión con una variable binaria endógena para identificar las diferencias entre participantes de largo y corto plazo en PRODESAL. La primera etapa del modelo es una regresión Probit que identifica los factores que influencian la participación de largo plazo en PRODESAL. La segunda etapa tiene como variable dependiente el valor total de la producción (VTP), la cual captura los resultados económicos. Una de las variables explicativas es el regresor binario endógeno de la primera etapa del modelo. Los resultados muestran un impacto positivo de la participación de largo plazo en PRODESAL en el VTP. Otras variables, como el tamaño predial, la fertilización y el acceso a créditos, también fueron significativas y positivas. La educación y el capital social se evidencian como variables que incrementan la probabilidad de participación de largo plazo en el programa.

Esta presentación es un primer avance del proyecto de tesis doctoral de beca interna doctoral CONICET-CEUR dirigido por la Dra. Mónica Martínez y codirigido de la Dra. Cecilia Marengo, en el cual se aborda el tema-problema que presenta la estructura urbana en los procesos de metropolización, a partir de comprender la incidencia de la producción habitacional formal en centros urbanos pertenecientes a la Región Metropolitana de Córdoba (en adelante RMC) en el periodo 2001-2017. En el contexto del subdesarrollo, se observa que las producciones habitacionales formales que se localizan en los centros urbanos que forman parte de una región metropolitana, lo hacen con una fuerte dependencia del centro polarizador, produciendo esto una distorsión en el sistema urbano, que incide en la estructura territorial, y complejiza las posibilidades de ordenamiento de la infraestructura, la vialidad y los servicios. Se propone como objetivo central de investigación, comprender como inciden las urbanizaciones y el crecimiento de los centros urbanos en la estructura urbana y territorial de un sistema metropolitano., This presentation is a first step of the doctoral thesis project of the internal doctoral scholarship CONICET-CEUR directed by Dr. Mónica Martínez and co-directed by Dr. Cecilia Marengo, in which the theme-problem is the urban structure in the metropolization processes, starting from understanding the incidence of formal housing production in urban centers of the Metropolitan Region of Córdoba (hereinafter RMC) in the period 2001-2017. In the context of underdevelopment, it is recognized that the formal housing production that are located in urban centers in a metropolitan region, have a strong dependence on the polarizing center, producing a distortion in the urban system, which affects the territorial structure, and complicates the possibilities of ordering infrastructure, roads and services. It is proposed as a central research objective, to understand how urbanizations and the growth of urban centers affect the urban and territorial structure of a metropolitan system.

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar e discutir os instrumentos jurídicos, políticos e administrativos do sistema de gestão metropolitana no Brasil e as alterações propostas pelo Estatuto da Cidade –Lei Federal 10.257/01 e, mais recentemente, pelo do Estatuto da Metrópole –Lei Federal 13.089/15, com a introdução deinstrumentos de gestão democrática participativa. Propõe analisar os fundamentos da estrutura institucional metropolitana brasileira e seus distintos arranjos e as principais normas urbanas relativas à gestão metropolitana, com vistas a contribuir para ampliar a discussão sobre a evolução dos sistemas e dos modelos de planejamento e de gestão urbanos metropolitanos. O Estatuto da Metrópole busca atualizar o tema da gestão metropolitana, propondo a gestão compartilhada entre Estados e municípios através de Plano de Desenvolvimento Integrado, aprovado por lei estadual. Como estudo de caso, a pesquisa busca avaliar o processo de elaboração do Plano Integrado Metropolitano da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre., This article aims to present and discuss the legal, political and administrative instruments of the metropolitan management system in Brazil and the legislative changes proposed by the Estatuto da Cidade, Lei Federal 10.257/01 and, more recently, by the Estatuto da Metrópole, Lei Federal 13.089 /15, with the introduction of participative democratic management instruments. This paper proposesto analyze the foundations of the Brazilian metropolitan institutional structure and its different arrangements and the main urban norms related to the metropolitan management, to contribute to broaden the discussion about the evolution of metropolitan urban planning and management models.The Estatuto da Metrópole seeks to update the theme of metropolitan management, proposing shared management among states and municipalities through an Integrated Development Plan, approved by a state law. As a case study, the research seeks to evaluate the process of elaboration of the Plano Integrado Metropolitano da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre.

The present article aims to evaluate the internal organization of Municipal Education Plans (PMEs) of the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro, in order to check its alignment with the National Education Plan (PNE) 2014-2024. The legal norms as well as the diagnosis of the education situation and the definition of the goals and strategies are used as instruments of analysis. It was observed that, of the 19 PMEs analyzed, only nine do not present major problems in relation to their structure and organization, while the other ten have significant problems related to one or more dimensions examined and, of these, three present important misalignments relative to this new PNE. On the other hand, the advances made by these plans are emphasized, also stressing the importance of continuity and deepening of their evaluations, indicating other analytical dimensions to be considered., O presente artigo se propõe a avaliar a organização interna dos Planos Municipais de Educação (PMEs) da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, de modo a verificar sua consonância em relação ao Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE) 2014-2024. Elege como dimensões de análise a normatização jurídica, o diagnóstico da situação educacional e a definição das metas e estratégias. Constata que dos 19 PMEs analisados, apenas nove não expõem maiores problemas em relação à sua estrutura e organização, enquanto que os outros dez apresentam adversidades significativas concernentes a uma ou mais dimensões examinadas, sendo que, desses, três exibem importantes desalinhamentos em relação a esse novo PNE. Em contrapartida, destaca os avanços expostos por esses planos, também salientando a pertinência da continuidade e aprofundamento de suas avaliações, indicando outras dimensões analíticas possíveis de serem contempladas., El presente artículo tiene el objetivo de evaluar la organización interna de los Planes Municipales de Educación (PMEs) de la región metropolitana de Río de Janeiro, a fin de comprobar si están conformes con el Plan Nacional de Educación (PNE) 2014-2024. Elige como dimensiones de análisis la regulación jurídica, el diagnóstico de la situación educativa y la definición de las metas y estrategias. Constata que de los 19 PMEs analizados, solamente nueve no exponen problemas importantes en lo que concierne a su estructura y organización, mientras que los otros diez presentan adversidades significativas relativas a una o más dimensiones examinadas, y, de éstos, tres exponen importantes desajustes en relación al nuevo PNE. En contrapartida, destaca los avances expuestos por estos planes, enfatizando también la importancia de la continuidad y la profundización de sus evaluaciones, indicando otras dimensiones analíticas a considerar.

Demographic behaviour within metropolitan areas is increasingly spatially segmented, and fertility is a good example of this, as its growing spatial differences would depend on the type of metropolitan municipality analysed. The article's main hypothesis is that fertility level differences would mainly be explained by selective internal migration flows associated to young couples' life cycle. Alternative hypotheses are that fertility differences between municipalities could be explained by the share of foreign women living in them, o by disposable household income differences. In order to verify these hypotheses, the article analyses Barcelona Metropolitan Region's intra-metropolitan fertility. A preliminary descriptive analysis -total fertility rates (TFR) for 26 metropolitan subareas have been calculated- is completed by linear regression models for years 2001 and 2009. Results confirm that fertility differences are partly explained by young Spanish couples' internal migration flows towards small and medium suburban localities, but also by specific foreign groups, particularly Africans., Los comportamientos demográficos están experimentando una creciente segmentación en el interior de las regiones metropolitanas. Por ejemplo, los municipios de la Región Metropolitana de Barcelona (RMB) presentan diferentes intensidades de fecundidad, valores que incluso difieren en mayor grado que entre las provincias españolas. La principal hipótesis de este trabajo es que dichas diferencias se sustentan en la migración interna de parejas jóvenes ligadas al ciclo de vida, aunque la presencia de población extranjera o la renta media de los municipios también podrían influir. Para verificar estas hipótesis se ha calculado los índices sintéticos de fecundidad de 26 sub-áreas de la RMB, complementándose este análisis descriptivo con modelos de regresión lineal para los años 2001 y 2009. Los resultados confirman parcialmente la hipótesis principal, aunque en 2009 la complejidad residencial producto de la inmigración internacional añade la presencia de extranjeros (africanos especialmente) como factor explicativo de los altos niveles de fecundidad.

La segregación reporta especial interés en los estudios urbanos desde hace varias décadas, en particular en ciudades que, como Bogotá, que se han visto sujetas a diferentes presiones tanto demográficas como económicas. El espacio urbano expresa dichos movimientos y cambios sociales, en especial con la localización residencial de ciertos grupos que se distinguen de acuerdo a su capacidad de pago. El artículo presenta un análisis de la segregación a través de la distribución de la pobreza monetaria, para las 19 localidades urbanas de Bogotá y 20 municipios con los que conforma la región metropolitana. Se plantean un índice de disimilitud y otro índice de entropía que permiten concluir no solo la evidencia de patrones espaciales de segregación, sino la persistencia de trampas de pobreza., The segregation reports special interest in urban studies since some decades ago, in particular in cities as Bogota, which has been under different pressures both demographics and economics. The urban space expresses these movements and social changes, in special in household allocation of some group that they are noticed by its purchase power. The article presents a segregation analysis through monetary poverty distribution, for 19 urban localities of Bogota and 20 municipalities which conform the metropolitan region. We display a dissimilarity index and another of entropy; those permits conclude not only evidence of spatial patterns of segregation, but also the persistence of poverty.

Demographic behaviour within metropolitan areas is increasingly spatially segmented, and fertility is a good example of this, as its growing spatial differences would depend on the type of metropolitan municipality analysed. The article's main hypothesis is that fertility level differences would mainly be explained by selective internal migration flows associated to young couples' life cycle. Alternative hypotheses are that fertility differences between municipalities could be explained by the share of foreign women living in them, o by disposable household income differences. In order to verify these hypotheses, the article analyses Barcelona Metropolitan Region's intra-metropolitan fertility. A preliminary descriptive analysis -total fertility rates (TFR) for 26 metropolitan subareas have been calculated- is completed by linear regression models for years 2001 and 2009. Results confirm that fertility differences are partly explained by young Spanish couples' internal migration flows towards small and medium suburban localities, but also by specific foreign groups, particularly Africans., Los comportamientos demográficos están experimentando una creciente segmentación en el interior de las regiones metropolitanas. Por ejemplo, los municipios de la Región Metropolitana de Barcelona (RMB) presentan diferentes intensidades de fecundidad, valores que incluso difieren en mayor grado que entre las provincias españolas. La principal hipótesis de este trabajo es que dichas diferencias se sustentan en la migración interna de parejas jóvenes ligadas al ciclo de vida, aunque la presencia de población extranjera o la renta media de los municipios también podrían influir. Para verificar estas hipótesis se ha calculado los índices sintéticos de fecundidad de 26 sub-áreas de la RMB, complementándose este análisis descriptivo con modelos de regresión lineal para los años 2001 y 2009. Los resultados confirman parcialmente la hipótesis principal, aunque en 2009 la complejidad residencial producto de la inmigración internacional añade la presencia de extranjeros (africanos especialmente) como factor explicativo de los altos niveles de fecundidad.

La Región Metropolitana de Santiago contiene importantes núcleos de producción agrícola en manos en gran medida de micro y pequeños empresarios, beneficiarios en muchos casos de políticas de fomento. Considerando lo anterior, el objetivo principal del presente trabajo es caracterizar a dichos productores. Para ello se encuestó a 78 productores distribuidos en 6 comunas del área suroriental de la Región, usuarios del Programa de Desarrollo Local (Prodesal) del Instituto de Desarrollo Agropecuario de Chile (Indap). Entre los resultados alcanzados destacan los siguientes: i) el porcentaje de mujeres usuarias fue mayor al de hombres en 23%, ii) el promedio de edad fue de 57 años, iii) los niveles de educación mayoritarios fueron enseñanza básica (41%) o media (32%), iv) además de los huertos hortofrutícolas, destacaron entre los rubros más frecuentes las flores y plantas ornamentales, así como la obtención de miel, v) 65,4% de los encuestados no utilizaba sistemas de producción mecanizados, el 70,5% no realizaba procesamientos productivos, el mismo porcentaje no llevaba registro de sus operaciones económicas, 64,1% tampoco de las no económicas y 87,2% no usaba sistemas computacionales; no obstante, 69,2% afirmaba evaluar y planificar sus actividades cada año, vi) el 73,1% no había participado en ningún otro tipo de programa público en los cuatro años anteriores, vii) la mayor parte de los encuestados no participaba en grupos técnico-productivos (84,6%) o asociaciones de comercialización (89,7%). A partir de los resultados señalados se puede concluir que, al menos en el caso de estudio, en la ejecución de Prodesal sería importante priorizar el apoyo para la mejora no solo en aspectos técnico-productivos, sino también en aquellos relacionados con la gestión, el uso y acceso a TIC, la información acerca de beneficios públicos disponibles y el fomento de la asociatividad., The Metropolitan Region of Santiago has a number of important agricultural production centers, largely in the hands of micro and small entrepreneurs who are often beneficiaries of development policies. Considering the above, the main objective of this paper is to characterize these producers. For this we surveyed a total of 78 producers spread across 6 of the southeastern districts of the Region, members of the Local Development Program (Prodesal) run by the Institute of Agricultural Development in Chile (Indap). The most prominent of the results obtained are the following: i) the percentage of women was higher than men by 23%, ii) the average age was 57 years old, iii) levels of education were more commonly elementary school (41%) and/or high school (32%), iv) in addition to fruit and vegetable gardens, the cultivation offlowers and ornamental plants were prominent among the most common items, as well as obtaining honey, v) 65.4% of the respondents used mechanized production systems, 70.5% did not process their production, the same had no record of their economic transactions, nor did 64.1% record their non-economic transactions and 87.2% did not use computerized systems. However, 69.2% stated that they evaluate and plan their activities each year, vi) 73.1% had not participated in any other public program in the four years prior, vii) the majority of respondents were not involved in technical or production groups (84.6%), nor marketing associations (89.7%). From the above findings it can be concluded that, at least in the case study, for the implementation of Prodesal it would be important to prioritize support in order to improve not only technical and production aspects but also those related to management, use of and access to ICT, information on available public benefits as well as fostering partnerships.

La Región Metropolitana de Santiago contiene importantes núcleos de producción agrícola en manos en gran medida de micro y pequeños empresarios, beneficiarios en muchos casos de políticas de fomento. Considerando lo anterior, el objetivo principal del presente trabajo es caracterizar a dichos productores. Para ello se encuestó a 78 productores distribuidos en 6 comunas del área suroriental de la Región, usuarios del Programa de Desarrollo Local (Prodesal) del Instituto de Desarrollo Agropecuario de Chile (Indap). Entre los resultados alcanzados destacan los siguientes: i) el porcentaje de mujeres usuarias fue mayor al de hombres en 23%, ii) el promedio de edad fue de 57 años, iii) los niveles de educación mayoritarios fueron enseñanza básica (41%) o media (32%), iv) además de los huertos hortofrutícolas, destacaron entre los rubros más frecuentes las flores y plantas ornamentales, así como la obtención de miel, v) 65,4% de los encuestados no utilizaba sistemas de producción mecanizados, el 70,5% no realizaba procesamientos productivos, el mismo porcentaje no llevaba registro de sus operaciones económicas, 64,1% tampoco de las no económicas y 87,2% no usaba sistemas computacionales; no obstante, 69,2% afirmaba evaluar y planificar sus actividades cada año, vi) el 73,1% no había participado en ningún otro tipo de programa público en los cuatro años anteriores, vii) la mayor parte de los encuestados no participaba en grupos técnico-productivos (84,6%) o asociaciones de comercialización (89,7%). A partir de los resultados señalados se puede concluir que, al menos en el caso de estudio, en la ejecución de Prodesal sería importante priorizar el apoyo para la mejora no solo en aspectos técnico-productivos, sino también en aquellos relacionados con la gestión, el uso y acceso a TIC, la información acerca de beneficios públicos disponibles y el fomento de la asociatividad., The Metropolitan Region of Santiago has a number of important agricultural production centers, largely in the hands of micro and small entrepreneurs who are often beneficiaries of development policies. Considering the above, the main objective of this paper is to characterize these producers. For this we surveyed a total of 78 producers spread across 6 of the southeastern districts of the Region, members of the Local Development Program (Prodesal) run by the Institute of Agricultural Development in Chile (Indap). The most prominent of the results obtained are the following: i) the percentage of women was higher than men by 23%, ii) the average age was 57 years old, iii) levels of education were more commonly elementary school (41%) and/or high school (32%), iv) in addition to fruit and vegetable gardens, the cultivation offlowers and ornamental plants were prominent among the most common items, as well as obtaining honey, v) 65.4% of the respondents used mechanized production systems, 70.5% did not process their production, the same had no record of their economic transactions, nor did 64.1% record their non-economic transactions and 87.2% did not use computerized systems. However, 69.2% stated that they evaluate and plan their activities each year, vi) 73.1% had not participated in any other public program in the four years prior, vii) the majority of respondents were not involved in technical or production groups (84.6%), nor marketing associations (89.7%). From the above findings it can be concluded that, at least in the case study, for the implementation of Prodesal it would be important to prioritize support in order to improve not only technical and production aspects but also those related to management, use of and access to ICT, information on available public benefits as well as fostering partnerships.

O território contemporâneo é complexo e repleto de conflitos entre diferentes agentes produtores de espaço, principalmente em espaços de interface rural-urbana. Os conceitos de rural e urbano foram historicamente construídos a través de definições que priorizaram o urbano e desconsideraram o rural, promovendo uma visão urbano-centrada no planejamento territorial no Brasil. Oartigo objetiva analisar o papel de um assentamento rural como um espaço de interface rural-urbana dentro de uma região metropolitana brasileira, usando como estudo de caso o Assentamento Marapicú, localizado no periurbano da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. São apresentadas algumas questões conceituais e descrito o processo de ocupação e de planejamento desse território.São múltiplas as facetas do rural, do urbano e suas interfaces, contudo ainda há uma visão homogeneizada de território no Brasil. A proposta é ampliar este debate, explicitando os conflitos de uso e ocupação do solo na produção do espaço., The contemporary territory is complex and full of conflicts between different agents producing space, mainly in areas of rural-urban interface. The rural and urban concepts were historically constructed through settings that prioritized the urban space and disregarded rural space, promoting an urban-centric view in territorial planning in Brazil. This study analyzes the role of a rural settlement as a rural-urban interface space within a Brazilian metropolitan region, using as a case study the settlement Marapicú, located in the peri-urbans paces of the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro. Some conceptual issues are presented and described the process of occupation and planning that territory. There are multiple facets of rural, urban and their interfaces, however there is still a homogenized view of territory in Brazil. The proposal is to extend this debate, explaining conflicts of use and occupation in the production of space.

O estudo do processo de urbanização “metropolitano” pressupõe refletir sobre a incorporação de áreas rurais a áreas urbanas e suas consequentes transformações econômicas, sociais e territoriais. A pesquisa relacionada a este artigo2 aborda transformações decorrentes da expansão urbana sobre áreas rurais. Busca-se caracterizar o desenvolvimento da urbanização ao avançar sobre áreas rurais “metropolitanizadas”, identificando no tempo e no espaço as transformações ocorridas nos limites das regiões metropolitanas e aglomerações urbanas que integram a Macrometrópole Paulista3. Parte-se da hipótese de que há gradual complementaridade econômica, funcional e territorial entre áreas rurais e urbanas em geral. Este artigo tenta esboçar uma proposta metodológica para a cartografia usada na tese mencionada. Buscase identificar e mensurar as dimensões do rural e do urbano na recém-definida Macrometrópole Paulista. Parte-se de conceitos usados por pesquisadores na definição dessas duas “categorias do território”, de abordagens adotadas no Brasil (IBGE), e parâmetros e definições usadas por órgãos internacionais., The study of urbanization "metropolitan" process envolves thinking about the incorporation of rural areas by urban areas and the consequents economic, social and territorial transformations. The research related to this article is interested in changes resulting from urban expansion into rural areas. We seek to characterize the development of urbanization in rural areas calls "metropolitanizadas" identifying, in time and space, the changes that occur in metropolitan areas and conurbations that integrate Macrometropolis Paulista. We hypothesized that there is gradual economic, territorial and functional complementarity between rural and urban areas in general. This article is an attempt to define a methodology for mapping used in the mentioned thesis. Seeks to identify and measure the dimensions of rural and urban in the defined Macrometropolis Paulista. Use concepts from researchers in the definition of these two "categories of the territory" of approaches adopted in Brazil, and parameters and definitions used by international agencies., Peer Reviewed

Within the framework of the contemporary restructuring of waterfronts, this article intends to analyze riparian transformations, from a recreational perspective, that took place during the last three decades in the Metropolitan River Coast of Rosario, Argentina. The city of Rosario, is a nationwide emblematic case of continuity of public policy in the transformation of its waterfront. However, in recent years, this process has also begun to develop in other waterfront locations within the Metropolitan Region. In this sense, this work reflects on these changes from a metropolitan perspective, in order to interpret whether they are articulated with one another and consider their effects in relation to the coastal environment., En el marco de las reconversiones de waterfronts contemporáneas, el presente artículo se propone analizar las transformaciones ribereñas, desde la perspectiva recreativa, que suceden en las últimas tres décadas en la ribera metropolitana de Rosario, Argentina. La ciudad de Rosario resulta un caso emblemático a nivel nacional de continuidad de políticas públicas en la transformación de su frente costero. No obstante, en los últimos años, este proceso también comienza a desarrollarse en otras localidades de su Región Metropolitana. En este sentido, este trabajo plantea reflexionar sobre estas transformaciones desde una mirada integrada a toda la región, a fin de interpretar si resultan articuladas y desde un accionar atento al ambiente ribereño

Within the framework of the contemporary restructuring of waterfronts, this article intends to analyze riparian transformations, from a recreational perspective, that took place during the last three decades in the Metropolitan River Coast of Rosario, Argentina. The city of Rosario, is a nationwide emblematic case of continuity of public policy in the transformation of its waterfront. However, in recent years, this process has also begun to develop in other waterfront locations within the Metropolitan Region. In this sense, this work reflects on these changes from a metropolitan perspective, in order to interpret whether they are articulated with one another and consider their effects in relation to the coastal environment., En el marco de las reconversiones de waterfronts contemporáneas, el presente artículo se propone analizar las transformaciones ribereñas, desde la perspectiva recreativa, que suceden en las últimas tres décadas en la ribera metropolitana de Rosario, Argentina. La ciudad de Rosario resulta un caso emblemático a nivel nacional de continuidad de políticas públicas en la transformación de su frente costero. No obstante, en los últimos años, este proceso también comienza a desarrollarse en otras localidades de su Región Metropolitana. En este sentido, este trabajo plantea reflexionar sobre estas transformaciones desde una mirada integrada a toda la región, a fin de interpretar si resultan articuladas y desde un accionar atento al ambiente ribereño

Within the framework of the contemporary restructuring of waterfronts, this article intends to analyze riparian transformations, from a recreational perspective, that took place during the last three decades in the Metropolitan River Coast of Rosario, Argentina. The city of Rosario, is a nationwide emblematic case of continuity of public policy in the transformation of its waterfront. However, in recent years, this process has also begun to develop in other waterfront locations within the Metropolitan Region. In this sense, this work reflects on these changes from a metropolitan perspective, in order to interpret whether they are articulated with one another and consider their effects in relation to the coastal environment., En el marco de las reconversiones de waterfronts contemporáneas, el presente artículo se propone analizar las transformaciones ribereñas, desde la perspectiva recreativa, que suceden en las últimas tres décadas en la ribera metropolitana de Rosario, Argentina. La ciudad de Rosario resulta un caso emblemático a nivel nacional de continuidad de políticas públicas en la transformación de su frente costero. No obstante, en los últimos años, este proceso también comienza a desarrollarse en otras localidades de su Región Metropolitana. En este sentido, este trabajo plantea reflexionar sobre estas transformaciones desde una mirada integrada a toda la región, a fin de interpretar si resultan articuladas y desde un accionar atento al ambiente ribereño

Within the framework of the contemporary restructuring of waterfronts, this article intends to analyze riparian transformations, from a recreational perspective, that took place during the last three decades in the Metropolitan River Coast of Rosario, Argentina. The city of Rosario, is a nationwide emblematic case of continuity of public policy in the transformation of its waterfront. However, in recent years, this process has also begun to develop in other waterfront locations within the Metropolitan Region. In this sense, this work reflects on these changes from a metropolitan perspective, in order to interpret whether they are articulated with one another and consider their effects in relation to the coastal environment., En el marco de las reconversiones de waterfronts contemporáneas, el presente artículo se propone analizar las transformaciones ribereñas, desde la perspectiva recreativa, que suceden en las últimas tres décadas en la ribera metropolitana de Rosario, Argentina. La ciudad de Rosario resulta un caso emblemático a nivel nacional de continuidad de políticas públicas en la transformación de su frente costero. No obstante, en los últimos años, este proceso también comienza a desarrollarse en otras localidades de su Región Metropolitana. En este sentido, este trabajo plantea reflexionar sobre estas transformaciones desde una mirada integrada a toda la región, a fin de interpretar si resultan articuladas y desde un accionar atento al ambiente ribereño

O estudo do processo de urbanização “metropolitano” pressupõe refletir sobre a incorporação de áreas rurais a áreas urbanas e suas consequentes transformações econômicas, sociais e territoriais. A pesquisa relacionada a este artigo2 aborda transformações decorrentes da expansão urbana sobre áreas rurais. Busca-se caracterizar o desenvolvimento da urbanização ao avançar sobre áreas rurais “metropolitanizadas”, identificando no tempo e no espaço as transformações ocorridas nos limites das regiões metropolitanas e aglomerações urbanas que integram a Macrometrópole Paulista3. Parte-se da hipótese de que há gradual complementaridade econômica, funcional e territorial entre áreas rurais e urbanas em geral. Este artigo tenta esboçar uma proposta metodológica para a cartografia usada na tese mencionada. Buscase identificar e mensurar as dimensões do rural e do urbano na recém-definida Macrometrópole Paulista. Parte-se de conceitos usados por pesquisadores na definição dessas duas “categorias do território”, de abordagens adotadas no Brasil (IBGE), e parâmetros e definições usadas por órgãos internacionais., The study of urbanization "metropolitan" process envolves thinking about the incorporation of rural areas by urban areas and the consequents economic, social and territorial transformations. The research related to this article is interested in changes resulting from urban expansion into rural areas. We seek to characterize the development of urbanization in rural areas calls "metropolitanizadas" identifying, in time and space, the changes that occur in metropolitan areas and conurbations that integrate Macrometropolis Paulista. We hypothesized that there is gradual economic, territorial and functional complementarity between rural and urban areas in general. This article is an attempt to define a methodology for mapping used in the mentioned thesis. Seeks to identify and measure the dimensions of rural and urban in the defined Macrometropolis Paulista. Use concepts from researchers in the definition of these two "categories of the territory" of approaches adopted in Brazil, and parameters and definitions used by international agencies., Peer Reviewed

[EN] Over the last two decades the large metropolitan regions in Spain have been faced with the challenges of increased competition and delocalisation of activities. Thus promoting the creative economy has emerged as a key strategy for local governments in these areas. This article evaluates current theoretical debate through the analysis of the Madrid Metropolitan Region, which contains the largest concentration of creative industries in Spain. More specifically, it examines the importance of these industries for the construction of what is hoped to become a global city. To this end, the weight and spatial distribution of the creative sectors is analysed and the main strategies and actors involved are presented. The results suggest that Madrid is still far from building a competitive creative metropolitan region and that governance relations represent a significant obstacle to reaching this goal, [PT] Nas duas últimas décadas, as principais regiões metropolitanas da Espanha confrontaram-se com o desafio do aumento da concorrência e da deslocalização de atividades produtivas. Nesse contexto, a promoção da economia criativa tem surgido como uma das estratégias a adotar, pelos governos locais, para essas áreas. O artigo analisa o atual debate teórico sobre esta questão e o estado da economia criativa na região metropolitana de Madrid, que se constitui como a maior concentração dessas atividades em Espanha. Considera a sua importância na economia metropolitana, a sua distribuição e as respetivas estratégias de promoção desenvolvidas pelos atores locais. Os resultados sugerem que Madrid ainda está longe de ser uma região metropolitana criativa e que as relações de governança representam um obstáculo significativo para atingir essa posição.

A metropolitan Region of the Third World countries like Tehran metropolitan region (TMR) in Iran, in consequence of unbalanced rapid urban growth, is facing with large set of unique social and demographic, cultural, economic, ecological, environmental and managerial problems. The entire problems are because of lack of effective regional plan and uncoordinated structure of the local authorities in concern to regional issues. Recently governments proposed a regional plan for the TMR which intends a polycentric development for the spatial configuration of the TMR. However, having the monocentric picture of the TMR in mind, this question rise that is it really possible to consider the TMR a polycentric urban region? What is the suitable regional strategy that provides synergy in the TMR? In this thesis prominent literatures related to the Polycentric Urban Region (PUR) are reviewed. Two complimentary aspects of polycentricity namely, morphology and functional relationship are identified as essential elements for polycentric development. Governance structure of region is also considered as a third element for reaping the alleged benefits of polycentricity. These three factors together formed the analytical dimension of polycentricity. These three elements were studied in the TMR context and potential and deficiency of the region regarding to these elements are identified. The normative dimension of polycentricity is dedicated to reviewing the history of the region and studying the government’s plans in course of history to see how their plans promote or discourage the polycentric structure in the region. Based on the findings it is concluded that the government’s plan for polycentric development of the region is ambitious and is not consistent with the current realities of the region. Therefore according to the analysis of the region a planning guideline in 5 aspects of centrality, mobility, low income settlements, land escape and governance is proposed. These sets of re, Spatial Planning & Strategy (Complex cities), Urbanism, Architecture

A metropolitan Region of the Third World countries like Tehran metropolitan region (TMR) in Iran, in consequence of unbalanced rapid urban growth, is facing with large set of unique social and demographic, cultural, economic, ecological, environmental and managerial problems. The entire problems are because of lack of effective regional plan and uncoordinated structure of the local authorities in concern to regional issues. Recently governments proposed a regional plan for the TMR which intends a polycentric development for the spatial configuration of the TMR. However, having the monocentric picture of the TMR in mind, this question rise that is it really possible to consider the TMR a polycentric urban region? What is the suitable regional strategy that provides synergy in the TMR? In this thesis prominent literatures related to the Polycentric Urban Region (PUR) are reviewed. Two complimentary aspects of polycentricity namely, morphology and functional relationship are identified as essential elements for polycentric development. Governance structure of region is also considered as a third element for reaping the alleged benefits of polycentricity. These three factors together formed the analytical dimension of polycentricity. These three elements were studied in the TMR context and potential and deficiency of the region regarding to these elements are identified. The normative dimension of polycentricity is dedicated to reviewing the history of the region and studying the government’s plans in course of history to see how their plans promote or discourage the polycentric structure in the region. Based on the findings it is concluded that the government’s plan for polycentric development of the region is ambitious and is not consistent with the current realities of the region. Therefore according to the analysis of the region a planning guideline in 5 aspects of centrality, mobility, low income settlements, land escape and governance is proposed. These sets of re, Spatial Planning & Strategy (Complex cities), Urbanism, Architecture

El artículo analiza la dinámica residencial de la población extranjera en la ciudad de Barcelona, considerando tres aspectos que centran su distribución: la concentración en el territorio, la segregación residencial en relación con la población de la ciudad y la movilidad residencial en interrelación con su región metropolitana. Se realiza un análisis temporal que sigue la evolución de estos elementos a lo largo de la década, con el objetivo de aportar una visión de conjunto de los cambios observados. El análisis contempla la utilización de diferentes fuentes estadísticas y detalla el comportamiento de las nacionalidades con más efectivos en Barcelona. Los resultados indican un desplazamiento de las áreas de concentración desde el centro histórico hacia la periferia de la ciudad, un descenso de la segregación vinculado a una mayor dispersión territorial y una fuerte movilidad residencial dentro de la Región Metropolitana que afecta especialmente a los municipios situados en la periferia más próxima a la ciudad., L'article analitza la dinàmica residencial de la població estrangera a la ciutat de Barcelona, considerant tres dels aspectes que en centren la distribució: la concentració en el territori, la segregació residencial en relació amb la població de la ciutat i la mobilitat residencial en interrelació amb la seva regió metropolitana. S'hi realitza una anàlisi temporal que ressegueix l'evolució d'aquests elements al llarg de la darrera dècada, amb l'objectiu d'aportar una visió de conjunt dels canvis observats. L'estudi contempla la utilització de diferents fonts estadístiques i detalla el comportament de les nacionalitats amb més efectius a Barcelona. Els resultats indiquen un desplaçament de les àrees de concentració des del centre històric cap a la perifèria de la ciutat, un descens de la segregació lligat a una dispersió territorial més gran i una forta mobilitat residencial dins de la Regió Metropolitana que afecta especialment els municipis situats a la perifèria més pròxima a la ciutat., L'article analyse la dynamique résidentielle de la population étrangère dans la ville de Barcelone en se concentrant sur trois aspects de sa distribution : la concentration sur le territoire, la ségrégation et la mobilité résidentielle au sein de la région métropolitaine. L'évolution de ces trois facteurs a été suivie pendant une décennie dans le but d'obtenir une vision globale des changements observés. Diverses sources statistiques qui détaillent le comportement des populations les plus nombreuses habitant Barcelone ont été utilisées. Les résultats montrent un déplacement des zones de concentration des étrangers depuis le centre historique vers les périphéries, une diminution de la ségrégation due à la croissante dispersion territoriale, et finalement une forte mobilité résidentielle dans la Région Métropolitaine, particulièrement dans les communes les plus proches de Barcelone., Three aspects of foreigners' residential mobility in the city of Barcelona are studied in this paper: territorial concentration, segregation and residential change within the metropolitan region. To obtain a global view, these three elements are followed for a decade. Several data bases, specifying the behaviour of major nationalities, are used. Results firstly show that foreigners are gradually moving out of the historical centre and into the periphery. Secondly, that there is a strong intra-metropolitan mobility, particularly so in the municipalities nearest to the central city. Finally, as foreigners are more widely distributed throughout the territory, they are also becoming less segregated.

El artículo analiza la dinámica residencial de la población extranjera en la ciudad de Barcelona, considerando tres aspectos que centran su distribución: la concentración en el territorio, la segregación residencial en relación con la población de la ciudad y la movilidad residencial en interrelación con su región metropolitana. Se realiza un análisis temporal que sigue la evolución de estos elementos a lo largo de la década, con el objetivo de aportar una visión de conjunto de los cambios observados. El análisis contempla la utilización de diferentes fuentes estadísticas y detalla el comportamiento de las nacionalidades con más efectivos en Barcelona. Los resultados indican un desplazamiento de las áreas de concentración desde el centro histórico hacia la periferia de la ciudad, un descenso de la segregación vinculado a una mayor dispersión territorial y una fuerte movilidad residencial dentro de la Región Metropolitana que afecta especialmente a los municipios situados en la periferia más próxima a la ciudad., L’article analitza la dinàmica residencial de la població estrangera a la ciutat de Barcelona, considerant tres dels aspectes que en centren la distribució: la concentració en el territori, la segregació residencial en relació amb la població de la ciutat i la mobilitat residencial en interrelació amb la seva regió metropolitana. S’hi realitza una anàlisi temporal que ressegueix l’evolució d’aquests elements al llarg de la darrera dècada, amb l’objectiu d’aportar una visió de conjunt dels canvis observats. L’estudi contempla la utilització de diferents fonts estadístiques i detalla el comportament de les nacionalitats amb més efectius a Barcelona. Els resultats indiquen un desplaçament de les àrees de concentració des del centre històric cap a la perifèria de la ciutat, un descens de la segregació lligat a una dispersió territorial més gran i una forta mobilitat residencial dins de la Regió Metropolitana que afecta especialment els municipis situats a la perifèria més pròxima a la ciutat., L’article analyse la dynamique résidentielle de la population étrangère dans la ville de Barcelone en se concentrant sur trois aspects de sa distribution : la concentration sur le territoire, la ségrégation et la mobilité résidentielle au sein de la région métropolitaine. L’évolution de ces trois facteurs a été suivie pendant une décennie dans le but d’obtenir une vision globale des changements observés. Diverses sources statistiques qui détaillent le comportement des populations les plus nombreuses habitant Barcelone ont été utilisées. Les résultats montrent un déplacement des zones de concentration des étrangers depuis le centre historique vers les périphéries, une diminution de la ségrégation due à la croissante dispersion territoriale, et finalement une forte mobilité résidentielle dans la Région Métropolitaine, particulièrement dans les communes les plus proches de Barcelone., Three aspects of foreigners’ residential mobility in the city of Barcelona are studied in this paper: territorial concentration, segregation and residential change within the metropolitan region. To obtain a global view, these three elements are followed for a decade. Several data bases, specifying the behaviour of major nationalities, are used. Results firstly show that foreigners are gradually moving out of the historical centre and into the periphery. Secondly, that there is a strong intra-metropolitan mobility, particularly so in the municipalities nearest to the central city. Finally, as foreigners are more widely distributed throughout the territory, they are also becoming less segregated.

Last century witnessed the increase of metropolitan regions and much attention has been paid on them. The concept of megacity appeared during the development process of metropolitan regions. Due to the rapid urbanisation and the population explosion in China, there are three main megacities which have great influence on the national economy. In this thesis, we choose one of the main megacities - Beijing megacity, as our case and the research question is how to strengthen the polycentricity of Beijing megacity to achieve more balanced development. In order to find out the answers to the research question, the concepts of metropolitan region, megacity and polycentric megacity are discussed in the conceptual section of this thesis. The empirical section analyses the Tokyo megacity and Los Angeles megacity on purpose of finding the lessons and experiences that could be learned and applied to strengthen the polycentric characters of Beijing megacity. In the case study chapters, firstly we analyses the problems of monocentric Beijing municipality, then we suggest the approaches of being polycentric Beijing megacity where Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan participate actively.

This thesis aims to analyze the extent to which the concept of cross-border polycentric metropolitan regions (CBPMR) can be applied to the cross-border region “the Greater Region”. The concept of CBPMR is rather new since metropolitan regions have not been suspected of existing in cross-border locations until recently, due to the separating function of national borders. This analysis is based on a theoretical discussion of the concepts of cross-border regions, polycentricity and metropolitan regions. The application of the concepts to the Greater Region leads to the result that the core of the region can be defined as a small scale CBPMR. The elaboration of strengths and weaknesses of this regions helps to identify opportunities to develop the small-scale CBPMR as an internationally well known region.

À l’instar des stratégies nationales de métropolisation, certains espaces de coopération transfrontalière affichent des ambitions similaires. La Région métropolitaine polycentrique transfrontalière (RMPT) dans la Grande Région (SaarLorLux+) a pour objectif de renforcer son positionnement européen mais aussi sa gouvernance interne. Ce texte analyse cette ambition politique en tant que construction d’une « nouvelle » région, impliquant la définition de nouvelles frontières. Les représentations spatiales de cette région sont mises en évidence à travers trois dimensions : le territoire, les institutions et la dimension métropolitaine de ce projet. Ce dernier se révèle être davantage un label en vogue permettant de mobiliser les acteurs qu’une stratégie de métropolisation. L’importante adhésion des acteurs témoigne toutefois d’une forte énergie politique souhaitant donner une nouvelle impulsion à un espace transfrontalier en structuration. L’analyse empirique de ces représentations spatiales se base sur les résultats d’une étude Delphi conduite auprès d’environ 300 experts de la Grande Région. Celle-ci a eu lieu dans le cadre du projet européen ESPON/Metroborder.

À l’instar des stratégies nationales de métropolisation, certains espaces de coopération transfrontalière affichent des ambitions similaires. La Région métropolitaine polycentrique transfrontalière (RMPT) dans la Grande Région (SaarLorLux+) a pour objectif de renforcer son positionnement européen mais aussi sa gouvernance interne. Ce texte analyse cette ambition politique en tant que construction d’une « nouvelle » région, impliquant la définition de nouvelles frontières. Les représentations spatiales de cette région sont mises en évidence à travers trois dimensions : le territoire, les institutions et la dimension métropolitaine de ce projet. Ce dernier se révèle être davantage un label en vogue permettant de mobiliser les acteurs qu’une stratégie de métropolisation. L’importante adhésion des acteurs témoigne toutefois d’une forte énergie politique souhaitant donner une nouvelle impulsion à un espace transfrontalier en structuration. L’analyse empirique de ces représentations spatiales se base sur les résultats d’une étude Delphi conduite auprès d’environ 300 experts de la Grande Région. Celle-ci a eu lieu dans le cadre du projet européen ESPON/Metroborder.