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The traditional history educational methods mainly consists of and are focused on memory, reading, repetition and writing skills, however this paper aims to give an overview of research regarding “Game-based learning”, it’s uses in education of history, and if it can be used as a way to complement the traditional education and give history teachers the tools to make their teaching more diverse. Useful materials were found in the databases: EBSCO, IEEE Xplore och Science Direct. Each of the 3 practical and 3 informational studies has been carefully selected by their subject relevance and the quality of the study’s gathering, use and compilation of data. The results in this overview are both positive and negative. The studies found on the subject show that the students not only learn historical facts when using game-based learning but also become very engaged in the lesson and achieve a deeper historical perspective where they can understand the historical events in the historical context and relate to people of that point in time. However, the drawbacks are that some students have been reported to have missed some facts altogether, and that would have been avoided in traditional education (Erhel & Jamet, 2013). Another drawback that has been noted is that Game Based learning is incredibly time consuming and if it is not used correctly it risks creating a dilemma for the history teacher where the teacher has to choose Game-based learning or traditional education of history (Watson & Mong & Harris, 2010). But if it is used correctly, studies have also shown that they can be combined (Erhel & Jamet, 2013; Kuran & Tozoglu & Tavernari, 2018).

En kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie som undersökts via en digital frågeenkät i syfte att se omdet fanns en korrelation mellan antal spelade timmar och självuppskattad livstillfredsställelsebland gamers och esportare.Livstillfredsställelse beskrivs enligt Kobau et al. (2010) som “Ett dynamiskt och relativttillstånd där man maximerar sin fysiska, mentala och sociala funktion i samband med stödjandemiljöer för att leva ett fullständigt, tillfredsställande och produktivt liv”. Denna definition går isamma linje som World Health Organization WHO (2012) definition av livskvalité. Till grundför studien ligger den exponentiella tillväxten inom spelbranschen med sina 3,22 miljarderdeltagare, där man kan anse att forskningen för dess potentiella negativa och positiva effekter ärobalanserade och fokuserade på olika områden och avgörande faktorer.I studien deltog 51 respondenter varav 49 med kompletta enkätsvar. Den insamlade datananalyserades med hjälp av statistikprogrammet SPSS och analysverktyget Spearmansrankkorrelationskoefficient.Studiens resultat visade på att det inte finns en signifikant korrelation mellan antalspelade timmar och självuppskattad livstillfredsställelse bland gamers och esportare. Resultatetgår alltså inte i hand med stora delar av tidigare forskning. Framtida forskning bör därför iakttapotentiella bakomliggande faktorer till gamers och esportares livstillfredsställelse, så som detsociala umgänget via Discord och Teamspeak där större delar av gamers och esportarekommunicerar och socialiserar sig i samband med spelandet., A quantitative cross-sectional study investigated via a digital questionnaire in order to see whether there was a correlation between number of hours played and self-rated life satisfaction among gamers and esports players. Life satisfaction is described according to Kobau et al. (2010) as “A dynamic and relative condition in which one maximizes one's physical, mental and social functioning in connection with supporting environments to live a full, fulfilling and productive life”. This definition goes into the same line as the World Health Organization WHO (2012) definition of quality of life. Basis for the study, the exponential growth lies within the gaming industry with its 3.22 billion participants, where one can consider the research for its potential negative and positive effects unbalanced and focused on different areas and decisive factors. 51 respondents took part in the study, of which 49 provided complete survey responses. The collected data was analyzed using the statistical program SPSS and the analysis tool Spearmans rank correlation coefficient.The results of the study showed that there is no significant correlation between numbers hours played and self-rated life satisfaction among gamers and esports players. The result thus does not go hand in hand with large parts of previous research. Future research should therefore take note potential underlying factors to gamers' and esporters' life satisfaction, such as that social interaction via Discord and Teamspeak where larger parts of gamers and esports playerscommunicates and socializes in connection with playing.

Swish is a competitive pattern recognition card-based game, in which players are trying to find a valid cards superposition from a set of cards, called a "swish". By the nature of the game, one may expect to easily recover the logic of the Swish’s designers. However, no justification appears to explain the number of cards, of duplicates, but also under which circumstances no player can find a swish. In this work, we formally investigate Swish. In the commercial version of the game, we observe that there exist large sets of cards with no swish, and find a construction to generate large sets of cards without swish. More importantly, in the general case with larger cards, we prove that Swish is NP-complete.

Children’s interactions and lifestyles worldwide have greatly benefited from the expansion of the internet gaming sector. However, the practice of minors purchasing and reselling online game certificates has prompted concerns about the accountability of corporate operators and potential legal repercussions. In the context of minors purchasing online game vouchers, this study investigates the responsibilities of commercial actors and the legal implications. This research methodology uses a normative legal approach to gather data from the literature, relevant judicial judgments, statutes, and regulations. This analysis aims to comprehend corporate actors' accountability, legal ramifications, and parents' function in this type of transaction. The findings demonstrated that business actors who offer online game vouchers have a duty to uphold the legitimacy of transactions. Businesses have a responsibility to make sure that such transactions adhere to ethical and legal standards, even though many laws forbid minors from engaging in transactions without their parent's permission. The legal ramifications of minors purchasing and selling online game vouchers may include possible violations of consumer rights, the protection of personal data, and provisions of contracts that may be void owing to age restrictions. Monitoring and limiting their children's access to these kinds of transactions is a crucial responsibility for parents. Collaboration between commercial actors, the government, and parents is required to maintain the integrity and protection of children in online game voucher purchasing and selling operations.

Educational innovation proposed the following work objective: Application of the active JICTIC methodology to strengthen communicative skills in the students of the Primary Level of the I.E. Francisco Antonio de Zela"-Tacna, 2023. To this end, the active JICTIC methodology was developed as follows: Exploration of material with playful activity; Evocation of events; Planning; Production; Review and prototyping; Textualization, expression and final interrogation; Compilation and publication. (Bermúdez, 2011). Next, the Written Test for Reading Comprehension was implemented as data collection instruments, Planner for the Production of Texts and Graphic Assessment Scale for Orality these instruments were applied before the experiment, after developing the active JICTIC methodology. TEST: Wilcoxon for Related Samples: P-value = 0.00< Confidence level = 0.05. Observing the result, it can be inferred that the active JICTIC methodology allowed the strengthening of communicative competencies in the students of the Primary Level of the I.E. Francisco Antonio de Zela"-Tacna, 2023; P-value = 0.00., La innovación educativa planteo el siguiente objetivo de trabajo: Aplicación de la metodología activa JICTIC para fortalecer las competencias comunicativas, en las estudiantes del Nivel Primaria de la I.E. Francisco Antonio de Zela”-Tacna, 2023. Para ello la metodología activa JICTIC se desarrolló como sigue: Exploración de material con actividad lúdica; Evocación de sucesos; Planificación; Producción; Revisión y prototipado; Textualización, expresión e interrogación final; Compilación y publicación. (Bermudez, 2011). En seguida se implementó como instrumentos de recolección de datos la Prueba Escrita para Comprensión Lectora, Planificador para la Producción de Textos y Escala de Valoración Grafica para oralidad, dichos instrumentos se aplicaron antes de la experiencia, luego de desarrollar la metodología activa JICTIC, se volvieron a aplicar, y se obtuvo los siguientes resultados: PRUEBA: Wilcoxon para muestras relacionadas: P-valor = 0,00< Nivel de confianza = 0.05 Observando el resultado se puede inferir que La metodología activa JICTIC permitió el fortalecimiento de las competencias comunicativas en las estudiantes del Nivel Primaria de la I.E. Francisco Antonio de Zela”-Tacna, 2023; P-valor = 0,00.

This research analyzes the levels of post-pandemic physical activity - sports performed by students of a public school in Lima. The study was conducted under a descriptive explanatory approach with phenomenological design. The sample was stratified by age differences among the 120 adolescents from first to fifth grade and from 12 to 17 years old. The Youth Activity Profile rating scale was used to collect data. The results indicated a medium level of physical-sports activity in the three modalities with 70.8%, a low level with 17.5% and a high level with 11.67%, being the females the ones with the lowest level of practice. It was concluded that students did not adequately practice a physical activity that led them to maintain an active and healthy life, thus preferring technological tools and the tendency towards a sedentary lifestyle., Esta investigación analiza los niveles de actividad física – deportiva post pandemia que realizan los estudiantes de un colegio público de Lima. El estudio se realizó bajo el enfoque descriptivo explicativo con diseño fenomenológico. La muestra fue estratificada por las diferencias de edades entre los 120 adolescentes de primero a quinto grado y de 12 a 17 años. Para recopilar datos, se utilizó la escala valorativa Youth Activity Profile. Los resultados indicaron un nivel medio de actividad física- deportiva en las tres modalidades con un 70.8%, un nivel bajo de 17,5% y un nivel alto de 11.67%, siendo las mujeres las de menor práctica. Se concluyó que los estudiantes no practicaban adecuadamente una actividad física que los condujera a mantener una vida activa y saludable, prefiriendo de este modo, las herramientas tecnológicas y la tendencia hacia el sedentarismo

In the present research, we studied gaming and students' cognitive development using a literature review and analytical methods in the context of a descriptive non-experimental research. Through a comprehensive review of the existing literature, we sought to clarify the meaning and importance of games in students' cognitive development. This analytical approach allows for a detailed study of different dimensions of play, examining how game activities affect basic cognitive skills such as problem solving, critical thinking, and creativity. A literature review approach provides a powerful framework for examining previous research and synthesizing key findings to provide a comprehensive picture of the role of play in students' cognitive development, yielding the following results: the characteristic relationship between play and cognitive development is highlighted, it is observed that play positively impacts various cognitive dimensions, activating memory, stimulating attention and concentration, fostering creativity and imagination, and providing opportunities for the development of higher cognitive skills, concluding that lack of pedagogical awareness and resource constraints are significant obstacles to the full utilization of games as an educational tool, academic pressure and disciplinary prioritization also negatively affect the integration of recreational activities in educational institutions. The need to address these issues to ensure that students can take full advantage of play for their cognitive development is highlighted., En la presente investigación se estudió el juego y el desarrollo cognitivo de los estudiantes utilizando una revisión de la literatura y métodos analíticos en el contexto de una investigación descriptiva no experimental. A través de una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura existente, buscamos esclarecer el significado y la importancia de los juegos en el desarrollo cognitivo de los estudiantes. Este enfoque analítico permite un estudio detallado de diferentes dimensiones del juego, examinando cómo las actividades de juego afectan las habilidades cognitivas básicas como la resolución de problemas, el pensamiento crítico y la creatividad. Un enfoque de revisión de la literatura proporciona un marco poderoso para examinar investigaciones previas y sintetizar hallazgos clave para proporcionar una imagen integral del papel de los juegos en el desarrollo cognitivo de los estudiantes, obteniendo así los siguientes resultados: se destaca la relación característica entre el juego y el desarrollo cognitivo, se observa que el juego incide positivamente en diversas dimensiones cognitivas, activando la memoria, estimulando la atención y concentración, fomentando la creatividad y la imaginación, y proporcionando oportunidades para el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas superiores, concluyendo que la falta de conciencia pedagógica y las limitaciones de recursos son obstáculos significativos para el pleno aprovechamiento de los juegos como herramienta educativa, la presión académica y la priorización disciplinaria también afectan negativamente la integración de actividades recreativas en las instituciones educativas. Se destaca la necesidad de abordar estas cuestiones para garantizar que los estudiantes puedan aprovechar al máximo el juego para su desarrollo cognitivo.

Could gaming enhance brain plasticity and executive functions (EFs) by fostering creativity? We identify vital benefits from further research exploring the relationship between games, brain plasticity, and creativity. The ongoing progress in neuroscience research in these three disciplines offers many possibilities and prospects for impactful therapy. Therefore, we emphasize the significance of investigating the untapped potentials of using games in creative therapy—our perspective on the often-overlooked neuroscientific aspect of creativity concerning health and wellbeing. One of these potentials is examining games as a therapeutic tool, focusing on their capacity to inspire and engage the imagination and other mental operators shared with creativity. Using a game as a therapeutic approach may boost brain plasticity, which may help them reduce their cognitive impairments by improving their EFs. This review offers a comprehensive outline of the latest advancements in the literature on games that tie to creativity through enhancing brain plasticity and EFs. Communicating this knowledge can furnish countless possibilities to improve our overall health and wellbeing and foster a positive perspective in individuals affected by anxiety., Peer Reviewed

This document aims to be a reflection on the importance of play for childhood development and analyze the impact of the use of technologies on it. It focuses on the need to generate and sustain play spaces and times, putting off electronic devices that are presented as the first and most frequent option for boys and girls., Este documento pretende ser una reflexión sobre la importancia del juego para el desarrollo en la infancia y analizar el impacto del uso de las tecnologías en el mismo. Focaliza en la necesidad de generar y sostener espacios y tiempos de juego postergando a los dispositivos electrónicos que se presentan como la primera y más frecuente opción para niños y niñas.

Denna artikel tar utgångspunkt i ett kombinerat forsknings- och utvecklingsprojekt som har bedrivits i samarbete mellan två forskare och tre förskollärare. Fokus i artikeln är hur ett lottospel, designat utifrån variationsteoretiska principer, kan göra det möjligt för toddlare (1- till 3-åringar) att urskilja kardinalitet som en grundläggande aspekt av tal. Utifrån analys av 195 videoinspelningar, där toddlare spelar lottospelet tillsammans med sin förskollärare, synliggörs dels hur de teoretiska utgångspunkterna för spelet realiseras i praktiken, dels vad matematikundervisning med förskolans yngsta kan innebära. Resultatet visar att lottospelets design möjliggör, men inte garanterar, att kardinalitet urskiljs av barnen. I vilken utsträckning kardinalitet urskiljs av barnen kan relateras till förskollärarnas användning av representationer och gester. Artikeln visar därmed på förskollärarens viktiga roll i tidig matematikundervisning, This article is based on a combined research and development project, conducted in collaboration between two researchers and three preschool teachers. The focus of the article is on how a lottery game, designed on variation theory informed principles, can enable toddlers (1- to 3-year-olds) to discern cardinality as a fundamental aspect of numbers. Based on the analysis of 195 video recordings, where toddlers play the lottery game together with their preschool teacher, the results visualize how the theoretical principles for the game are realized and what mathematics education with toddlers may imply. The results show that the design of the lottery game enables, but cannot guarantee, that cardinality is discerned by the children. The extent to which cardinality is discerned by the children can be related to how the preschool teachers use representations and gestures. The article thus shows the important role of the preschool teacher in early mathematics education.

Banor och miljöer har alltid varit en väsentlig roll för hur spelare upplever spel och story. Syftet med denna studie var att utforska hur spelutvecklare kan använda sig av level design-komponenter för att förstärka den emotionella kopplingen till spelets story. Exempel på metoder studien utforskat är storyboarding, moodboarding och spelmekaniker. “Vad behöver en level designer ha i åtanke för att skapa en engagerande story?”, var bara en av flera frågor som har besvarats i artikeln. I studien ges det exempel på hur level designers kan använda sig av de olika metoderna för att förstärka kopplingen mellan spelaren och storyn. Studien har samt en gestaltning vars syfte är att vara ett praktiskt exempel på alla metoder och komponenter studien undersöker och hur de används. Studiens resultat är en färdig speldemo med ett starkt fokus på storytelling och level design och visar effektivt hur metoderna och teknikerna implementerats., Levels and environments have always played an essential role in how players experience games and stories. The purpose of this study was to explore how game developers can use level design components to strengthen the emotional connection to the game's story. Examples of methods explored in the study are storyboarding, moodboarding and game mechanics. "What does a level designer need to keep in mind to create an engaging story?", was just one of several questions answered in the article. The study gives examples of how level designers can use the various methods to strengthen the connection between the player and the story. The study also has a design whose purpose is to be a practical example of all the methods and components the study examines and how they are used. The result of the study is a finished game demo with a strong focus on storytelling and level design and effectively shows how the methods and techniques were implemented.

[ES] El proyecto de final de máster Sensibilidad Digital es una instalación artística transmedia que busca el diálogo entre lo digital y lo analógico. Una reflexión sobre la relación de la persona con el objeto inerte, sobre dar vida al mismo a través de la empatía y finalmente enlaza estos conceptos con la perspectiva de la producción artística como acto lúdico. Esta reflexión se pone en marcha a través de una máquina de coser intervenida en la que se juega a un videojuego, junto a un baúl contenedor de objetos físicos que interactúan tanto narrativa como sensorialmente en el propio juego. Para ello, la obra hace uso simbólico, práctico y plástico de la animación, el libro de artista, la estampa, la música y la escultura para ello., [EN] This project involves a transmedia artistic installation that aims to facilitate a conversation between the digital and the analog. It reflects on the relationship between individuals and lifeless objects, exploring the idea of bringing these objects to life through empathy. Ultimately, it connects these concepts with the perspective of artistic production as a playful act. This exploration takes place through a modified sewing machine used as an interface for a video game, accompanied by a trunk containing physical objects that interact both narratively and sensorially within the game. Symbolic, practical, and artistic elements like animation, artist books, prints, music, and sculpture are used to enhance this reflective narrative.

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Fragestellung, ob Kriminalgeschichten Elemente des Spielerischen enthalten und welche Auswirkungen sie auf die Leserschaft haben. Der Aufbau von Kriminalgeschichten weist oftmals Ähnlichkeiten zu jenem von Spielen auf, insbesondere Rätselspiele, die die Leserschaft zum Mitraten und Mitfiebern einladen sollen. Durch eine detaillierte Analyse fünf ausgewählter Werke aus der Literatur anhand von Analysekategorien mithilfe von strukturalistischen Ansätzen, wide und close reading sowie der Rezeptionsästhetik werden die Parallelen zwischen Kriminalgeschichten und Spielen untersucht und aufgezeigt, wie das Spielerische narratives Element eingesetzt wird. Dabei vertritt die Arbeit die Thesen, dass Kriminalgeschichten spielerische Elemente enthalten und dass der Anteil dieser zunimmt, je neuer das Werk ist. Anhand der Analyse konnten beide Thesen bestätigt werden., The present work addresses the question of whether crime stories contain elements of playfulness and their impact on the readership. Crime stories are often structured like games, especially puzzle games, which are intended to engage the readers in guessing and suspense. Through a detailed analysis of five selected works from literature using analytical categories with the help of structuralist approaches, wide and close reading, as well as reception aesthetics, the parallels between crime stories and games are examined, demonstrating how playfulness is utilized as a narrative element. The thesis of the work is that crime stories contain playful elements and that the proportion of these elements increases with the novelty of the work. Both theses were confirmed through the analysis., Lea Erb, BEd, in englischer Sprache, Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2024

This thesis explores the use of notation and layout in order to find more efficient ways to compose in the context of combining sound design elements for game and film scoring. While I was conducting the research, I faced challenges that took place during my time in an internship, where I worked in an environment with professionals in the game and film music industry. I used methods that I learned from the scoring session at my internship that I later experimented with using in scores created for different sets of ensembles. The research outcomes gave me a new perspective on notation and layout, and a better understanding of the use of notation that can be preferred in different ensemble settings. This made me develop in other areas even outside the goal of the research.

In recent years, gamification has been widely implemented for sharing knowledge about, making sense of, and imaging futures. This article considers how gamification could be mobilised as a feminist method of futures. It presents a case study of making the idle game Square Cat in which a cat destroys and devours the entire earth. Much of the existing work on gamification examines games and gamified apps that have already been produced. The case study offers different insights into gamification practices by providing an account of the process of designing and developing an experimental game. Square Cat makes visible and bodily felt the ambiguous affective dynamics of the asset-driven logic of late capitalism, and how it shapes human-environment relations. It parodies the embodied habituation of repetition and reward feedback, dramatises idle games' structure of accumulation, and rejects the narrative of linear progress. In so doing, it reworks the binary logic of game and asks to entertain a form of play where the relation between winning and losing, subject and object, becomes confounded, and where futures are multiple even as the game's beginning and end appear predetermined.

Studien initierades av det större forskningsprojektet Att vända strömmen på Linköpings universitet som har utvecklat ett megaspel, ett storskaligt socialt spel som kombinerar brädspel, simulering och rollspel. Megaspelet går ut på att skapa ett hållbart energisystemet, där deltagarna tilldelas olika roller som representerar aktörer i energisystemet. Efter megaspelet genomförs debriefing-sessionerna där deltagarna får en chans att reflektera över sitt deltagande och de händelser som uppstod under megaspelet. Syftet med den genomförda studien var att analysera debriefing-sessionerna från två speltillfällen med ett huvudsakligt fokus på de rollgrupper som deltagarna haft i megaspelet. Med utgångspunkt i deltagarnas roller undersöktes likheter och skillnader i deltagarnas spelupplevelse, hur mycket talarutrymme de tar samt om och hur de uttrycker sig kring fem lärandemål. En mix av kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod användes vid analys av videoinspelningarna, i syfte att kunna besvara studiens frågeställningar. Först sammanställdes deskriptiv statisk på deltagarfrekvens, antal yttranden samt total talartid. Därefter genomfördes tematiska analyser av sex rollgrupper, vilket resulterade i 21 teman totalt. Studiens resultat visade att forskare var den rollgrupp som delade flest liknande teman med övriga rollgrupper gällande spelupplevelsen, medan den tydligaste skillnaden återfanns mellan hög-och låginkomsttagarnas uttalanden kring spelupplevelsen. Vidare identifierades forskare som rollgruppen med flest yttranden och total talartid. När det gäller hur deltagarna uttrycker sig kring förvärvade insikter kopplat till de fem lärandemålen visade studiens resultat att en tydlig majoritet av deltagarna ger uttryck för läranderesultat som går att koppla till ett eller flera av lärandemålen, vilket även bekräftar tidigare forskning om spelbaserat lärande. Studien har bidragit med värdefulla insikter om sex av megaspelets rollgrupper som dels kan användas som underlag vid fortsatt ut, The study was initiated by the larger research project Switching the current at Linköping University, which has developed a megagame, a large-scale social game that combines boardgames, simulations, and role-playing. The goal of the megagame is to create a sustainable energy system, where participants are assigned different roles representing actors in the energy system. After the megagame, debriefing sessions are held where the participants get a chance to reflect on their participation and the events that transpired during the megagame. The purpose of the conducted study was to analyze the debriefing sessions from two gameplay occasions, with a primary focus on the role groups that participants had in the megagame. Based on the participants’ roles, similarities and differences in their gaming experiences were examined, including how much speaking time they took and if and how they expressed themselves regarding five learning objectives. A mix of quantitative and qualitative methods was used to analyze the video recordings, in order to answer the study’s research questions. First, descriptive statistics on participant frequency, number of utterances, and total speaking time were compiled. Then, thematic analyses of six role groups were conducted, resulting in a total of 21 themes. The study’s results showed that researchers were the role group that shared the most similar themes with other role groups regarding the gaming experience, while the most noticeable difference was found between high- and low-income participants’ statements about the gaming experience. Furthermore, researchers were identified as the role group with the most utterances and total speaking time. Regarding how participants expressed themselves about acquired insights related to the five learning objectives, the study’s results showed that a clear majority of participants expressed learning outcomes that could be linked to one or more of the learning objectives, which also confirms previous res

I den svenska skogen förekommer ett stort antal djurarter som påverkar skogen och människan. I Västmanland, som studien behandlade, förekommer bland annat älg, rådjur, varg och vildsvin. Dessa viltarter påverkar markägare i olika uträckning. Västmanland drabbades hösten 2023 av det första fallet av afrikansk svinpest i Sverige. En sjukdom som är väldigt smittsam och med hög dödlighet för vildsvin. Syftet med studien var att beskriva upplevelsen av afrikansk svinpest och dess påverkan på skogsbruket, samt generell attityd till vilt hos privata skogsägare i Västmanland. Denna studie var av kvalitativ karaktär och baserades på semistrukturerade intervjuer. Sex respondenter medverkade i studien. Det transkriberade materialet bearbetades i en innehållsanalys, där fyra teman identifierades. Slutsatserna för studien är att afrikanska svinpesten har haft stor påverkan på skogsägare inom smittområdet, främst genom begränsningar i vardagslivet och skogsbruket. Hjortdjur ses som en fördel och tillgång. Vargen däremot är ett infekterat ämne. Vildsvin väckte inga större känslor, trots utbrottet.

Context: Gamification appears to improve enjoyment and quality of execution of software engineering activities, including software testing. Though commonly employed in industry, manual exploratory testing of web application GUIs was proven to be mundane and expensive. Gamification applied to that kind of testing activity has the potential to overcome its limitations, though no empirical research has explored this area yet. Goal: Collect preliminary insights on how gamification, when performed by novice testers, affects the effectiveness, efficiency, test case realism, and user experience in exploratory testing of web applications. Method: Common gamification features augment an existing exploratory testing tool: Final Score with Leaderboard, Injected Bugs, Progress Bar, and Exploration Highlights. The original tool and the gamified version are then compared in an experiment involving 144 participants. User experience is elicited using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) questionnaire instrument. Results: Statistical analysis identified several significant differences for metrics that represent the effectiveness and efficiency of tests showing an improvement in coverage when they were developed with gamification. Additionally, user experience is improved with gamification. Conclusions: Gamification of exploratory testing has a tangible effect on how testers create test cases for web applications. While the results are mixed, the effects are most beneficial and interesting and warrant more research in the future. Further research shall be aimed at confirming the presented results in the context of state-of-the-art testing tools and real-world development environments.

Until now, many methods have been published to study scales and arpeggios, however, they do not help memorize them. When exploring the internet, there are resources to facilitate musical learning, but no technological devices have been found to guide the student in learning scales and arpeggios in a playful way. The objective of this research is to describe and interpret the perception of the students of an online instrumental practice workshop, regarding the implementation of a technological method of playful musical education in the development of their musical learning, this research is applied to a group that took the workshop in 2020 in the middle of the pandemic, and another group of students who experienced it in 2022, post-pandemic. The approach is qualitative descriptive and the design corresponds to cross-sectional micro-ethnographies. The data analysis is through semi-structured interviews and within the results we can say that there were good perceptions of the students of the Online instrumental practice workshop, about the implementation of the method used for the development of their musical learning. Keywords: Music education, technology, game, pandemic., Hasta ahora se han publicado muchos métodos para estudiar escalas y arpegios, sin embargo, éstos no ayudan a memorizarlas. Al explorar en internet se encuentran recursos para facilitar el aprendizaje musical, pero no se han encontrado dispositivos tecnológicos que guíen al estudiante en el aprendizaje de escalas y arpegios de forma lúdica. El objetivo de esta investigación es describir e interpretar la percepción de las y los estudiantes de un taller de práctica instrumental online, con respecto a la implementación de un método tecnológico de educación musical lúdico en el desarrollo de su aprendizaje musical, esta investigación es aplicada a un grupo que tomó el taller en el año 2020 en plena pandemia, y en otro grupo de estudiantes que lo vivenció en el año 2022, post pandemia. El enfoque es cualitativo descriptivo y el diseño corresponde a micro etnografías de corte transversal. El análisis de datos es a través de entrevistas semi estructuradas y dentro de los resultados podemos decir que existieron buenas percepciones de las y los estudiantes del taller de práctica instrumental Online, acerca de la implementación del método utilizado para el desarrollo de su aprendizaje musical. Palabras Claves: Educación músical, tecnología, juego, pandemia.

37 p. – Bibliogr.: p. 34-37, [EUS] Idazketak eta ahozkotasunak eragin zuzena dute ikasleen hainbat gaitasunetan, eta alde horretatik hutsune nabarmenak identifika daitezke Lehen Hezkuntzako ikasleen artean. Hori dela eta, Lehen Hezkuntzako azken ziklorako literatur tailer proposamen didaktikoa azaltzen da, honen ebaluazioarekin eta ondorioztatutako gako garrantzitsuenekin batera. Era berean, azken aldiko egileek gomendatzen dutenari jarraituz, proposamena egiteko literatur tailerrekin lotura estua duten hainbat alor aztertu ditugu marko teorikoan: Euskal Haur eta Gazte Literatura historian zehar eta gaur egun; literaturak hezkuntzan duen eragina EAEko curriculum berriaren zirriborroa aztertuz; poesia, ahozko literatura eta jolasaren arteko harremana; eta literatura tailerren balioaren azalpena., [ES] La escritura y la oralidad influyen directamente en las diferentes competencias del alumnado, y se pueden identificar lagunas significativas entre el alumnado de Primaria. Por ello, se explica la propuesta didáctica de talleres literarios para el último ciclo de Primaria, junto con su evaluación y las claves más importantes deducidas. Asimismo, siguiendo la recomendación de los autores recientes, en el marco teórico se han analizado diversos ámbitos estrechamente relacionados con los talleres literarios para la elaboración de la propuesta: la Literatura Infantil y Juvenil Vasca a lo largo de la historia y en la actualidad; la influencia de la literatura en la educación mediante el análisis del borrador del nuevo currículo de la CAPV; la relación entre la poesía, la literatura oral y el juego; y la exposición del valor de los talleres literarios., [EN] Writing and orality directly influence the different competences of students, and significant gaps can be identified among primary school students. Therefore, the didactic proposal of literary workshops for the last cycle of primary education is explained, along with its evaluation and the most important key findings. Likewise, following the recommendation of recent authors, various areas closely related to literary workshops have been analyzed in thetheoretical framework for the development of the proposal: Basque Children and Youth Literature throughout history and in the present; the influence of literature in education through the analysis of the draft of the new curriculum of the Basque Autonomous Community; the relationship between poetry, oral literature and the game; and the presentation of the value of literary workshops.

Background: Currently, the fusion of technology and sports is inevitable. The integration of various systems and devices has brought about significant transformations in established sports practices, impacting not only the rules but also physiological, biomechanical, and even psychological aspects. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of an attention intervention through a video game on young soccer players. Methods: Twelve young male soccer players (age: mean 8.5, SD 1 years) were divided into 2 groups: a control group (CG; n=10) and an experimental group (EG; n=10). During the 6-week training program, the EG received attention training through a video game twice a week for 15 minutes per session. Pre- and postintervention measurements included a specific decision-making soccer test and interviews with coaching staff. Additionally, success in the video game, muscular activity, and sweat levels were monitored. Results: The EG demonstrated a significant improvement in video game success following the intervention program, as indicated by the achieved level (P<.001). However, no significant differences were found between groups regarding electromyographic (EMG) activity (P=.21) and sweating (P=.20). Prior to implementing the attention training program, both groups exhibited similar data for variables related to decision-making and execution mechanisms (≤10%). Only 2 decision-making variables exceeded 10% but remained below 15% (Shot_D=13.35%; Marking_with_Ball_D=−12.64%). Furthermore, changes in attacking action variables were more pronounced in execution-related variables, except for dribbling and fixing. Conversely, in defensive action variables, changes were greater in decision-related variables, except for marking with the ball and marking without the ball. Conclusions: Our findings reveal that incorporating a specific attentional video game into a soccer training program enhances decision-making compared to a program without the video ga

A prototype visual feedback system has been developed to assess and improve movement disorders related to neck pain. The aim of this study was to assess the usability of the prototype in a rehabilitation setting. Twelve physical therapists integrated the device into their regular therapy programs for 24 neck pain patients with movement disorders. Each patient performed three individual therapy sessions with the device under physical therapist supervision. Usability was assessed by the physical therapists and patients using therapy diaries, the System Usability Scale, and focus group or personal interviews. Based on an overall usability rating of marginally acceptable, the visual feedback system was generally found to be a device with the potential to assess and train neck pain patients but needs improvement. To become a useful adjunct to regular physical therapy, improvements in the hardware and software, and further system developments are required.

Reinforcement learning is a branch of artificial intelligence that trains algorithms using a trial-and-error system. Reinforcement learning interacts with its environment and observes the consequences of its actions in response to rewards or punishments received. Reinforcement Learning uses information from every interaction with its environment to update its knowledge. The problem identified from this research is the lack of consistency, which is not always the same for Non-Player Characters (Agents) in the process of exploring an environment (Game environment). This research uses the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Waterfall model method to train Non Player Characters (Agents) in the Amc Dash Mark I Game which uses the Deep Q Network (DQN) algorithm in several stages. Training results show improvements in model performance over time. The average duration of the episode and average reward episode showed an increase of 7.75 to 24.7, while the exploration rate decreased to 0.05. This indicates that the model has experienced learning and is improving to achieve better rewards by performing fewer actions. The lower loss also shows that the model has succeeded in reducing prediction errors and improving prediction capabilities.

This study investigates the relationship between environmental game sounds and arousal level, looking to see if/how it affects player action. Previous research has shown that music evoking different levels of arousal affect player lap time performance of a racing game. For this study a computer game was created containing two levels, one with high arousal environmental sounds, and another with low arousal environmental sounds. The two levels were in different environments but had the same task, which was to place specific objects in their corresponding box, with the same color. The amount of time it took for subjects to finish the game under each sonic condition was the data of greatest interest. The results showed no significant difference between subjects elapsed times. However, a significant difference could be seen of how subjects perceived the energy level between the two levels in consideration to the sounding environment. Having this information when designing environmental sounds for a game could be something to think about and use when sound designers make decisions about player perceptibility and where to direct the player mindset to.

This paper is aimed at investigating whether a biofeedback device can positively increase a player's experience of thrill and suspension in a horror game. To facilitate this, two versions of the same horror game were created with a connection to a heart rate monitor. The difference between the two versions of the game was that the core elements were controlled by the heart rate which attempted to keep the player in a constant suspense state based on their heart rate. This was done to enhance the player's experience and thrill. These two versions of the game were then play-tested by users. Users had no insight into which version they were testing and afterward, a questionnaire was administered to ascertain the tester's emotional responses.The collected data was then analyzed and a pattern could be observed where testers preferred the version of the game that was controlled by the heart rate. This, backed by previous studies showed that using a biofeedback device to implement only the heart rate into a game had a marked positive effect on player experience. Still, additional research is needed with a larger control group to get more accurate results.

Initial Education is considered the starting point of the process of integral and progressive development of the human being. This formative process contemplates promoting cognitive, affective, psychomotor, social, identity and autonomy aspects of children from 3 to 5 years of age, being the game the main strategy for the achievement of teaching and learning, which is why the present investigation focused on the game as a didactic strategy to promote cognitive development in the field of mathematical relationships. The purpose of the study was to develop a didactic strategy based on the game to promote cognitive development in the field of development and learning of logical-mathematical relationships in children from 4 to 5 years of age, an inquiry that subscribed to a mixed research approach through a descriptive scope and field study, under a cross-sectional non-experimental design. In addition, inductive, deductive, and analytical methods were used. As techniques, a survey, observation, and interview were used. The sample selection procedure that determined the population distribution was of an intentional non-probabilistic type, being made up of 11 children aged 4 and 5 years enrolled in Initial Education, the 11 respective representatives, and the director of the 25 de Julio educational institution. The results showed that there are incidents in the development of cognitive skills in the field of mathematical relationships., La Educación Inicial es considerada como punto de partida del proceso de desarrollo integral y progresivo del ser humano. Este proceso formativo contempla potenciar aspectos cognitivos, afectivos, psicomotrices, sociales, de identidad y autonomía de los niños desde 3 a 5 años de edad, siendo el juego la principal estrategia para el logro de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje. Es por ello por lo que la presente investigación se centró en el juego como estrategia didáctica para favorecer el desarrollo cognitivo en el ámbito de relaciones matemáticas. Estudio tuvo por finalidad elaborar una estrategia didáctica basada en el juego para favorecer el desarrollo cognitivo en el ámbito de desarrollo y aprendizaje de relaciones lógico-matemáticas en niños de 4 a 5 años, indagación que se subscribió a un enfoque de investigación mixto, a través de un estudio de campo de alcance de tipo descriptivo, bajo un diseño no experimental transversal; además se utilizaron los métodos inductivos, deductivo y analítico. Se emplearon como referentes técnicos la encuesta, la observación y la entrevista. El procedimiento de selección de la muestra que determinó la distribución poblacional fue de tipo no probabilística intencional, quedando conformada por 11 niños de edades 4 y 5 años matriculados en Educación Inicial, los 11 respectivos representantes y la directora de la Unidad Educativa 25 de Julio. Los resultados evidenciaron que existen incidencias en el desarrollo de las habilidades cognitivas en el ámbito de relaciones matemáticas.

There are various benefits of playing multiplayer games, such as enjoyment, satisfaction of basic psychological needs, facilitation of social relationships, and coping and recovery. However, these benefits to online game players are often undermined by the presence of in-game toxicity. Toxicity can be detrimental for game developers when players leave their games. For the players, toxicity can be harmful, by causing distress; however, effects of toxicity on the wellbeing of players are not yet fully understood nor substantiated with empirical evidence. To close this gap, we conducted a study partially replicating and extending findings from prior work. We conducted two online surveys, using validated scales, to explore relationships between the perceived toxicity of gaming communities and social connectedness outcomes. We found that toxicity was associated with lower in-game social capital, need satisfaction of relatedness, and higher loneliness. Our findings provide further evidence that toxicity poses a problem for multiplayer game communities.

La educación a nivel global, supone un reto en la actualidad; dado los cambios que han surgido, es necesario readaptar las estrategias educativas de modo que estás se hagan más innovadoras y puedan llegar de manera más cercana a todas las poblaciones, que abarcan los niveles formativos y modalidades, dado que hacer partícipe a todos del proceso, independientemente de su condición, es necesario para que el sistema subsista y vaya hacia la consolidación de la inclusión con calidad. Está se hace de manifiesto cuando se observa de manera tangible, que cada vez más aumenta la población de estudiantes con capacidades especiales dentro de las aulas de clase; propiciando la reconsideración de las estrategias tradicionales educativas, permitiendo la innovación de ellas para lograr que estos estudiantes se encuentren incluidos en el sistema educativo y que además de ello, se pueda obtener resultados al nivel que se espera, integrándose de manera total en el proceso académico actual. Según la Secretaría de Educación de Bogotá para el año 2019 se matricularon 62.888 estudiantes en la localidad de Engativá, de los cuales 1.430 tienen algún tipo de discapacidad y de ellos aproximadamente el 63% de la población presenta discapacidad intelectual (948). Esta investigación se enmarca en el diseño metodológico de campo no experimental y pretende a partir del arquero de fuentes primarias y secundarias, proponer el diseño de una estrategia didáctica basada en la matemática que contribuya al desarrollo del pensamiento crítico, en los estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual en la localidad diez de la ciudad de Bogotá., Education at a global level is a challenge today; Given the changes that have arisen, it is necessary to readapt educational strategies so that they become more innovative and can reach all populations more closely, covering training levels and modalities, given that making everyone participate in the process, regardless of its condition, it is necessary for the system to survive and move towards the consolidation of inclusion with quality. This is made clear when it is observed in a tangible way, that the population of students with special abilities within the classrooms increases more and more; promoting the reconsideration of traditional educational strategies, allowing their innovation to ensure that these students are included in the educational system and that, in addition to this, results can be obtained at the level that is expected, fully integrating into the academic process. current. According to the Secretary of Education of Bogotá for the year 2019, 62,888 students were enrolled in the town of Engativá, of which 1,430 have some type of disability and of them approximately 63% of the population has intellectual disability (948). This research is part of the methodological design of non-experimental field and aims, from the archer of primary and secondary sources, to propose the design of a didactic strategy based on mathematics that contributes to the development of critical thinking in students with intellectual disabilities in the ten locality of the city of Bogotá.

The objective of this documentary research article is to determine the relationship between play activities and motor coordination in elementary general basic education students. The selected methodological process was structured in the systematic review of the last six years of articles and research, using as a search principle the multidisciplinary databases gathered in electronic systems such as Scielo, Scopus, Google academic and Dialnet among others, which focused on the mentioned topic and developed in the Spanish language, through the guidelines of the UNIANDES statement. The result obtained allowed to determine the effect of play activities on motor coordination, in turn, the importance and benefit in strengthening coordination skills during their growth and development to ensure physical strengthening during school age. Likewise, coordination development is closely related to the practice of physical activity and play activities., El presente artículo de investigación documental tiene como objetivo determinar la relación entre las actividades lúdicas y la coordinación motriz en estudiantes de Educación General Básica (EGB), en el subnivel elemental. El proceso metodológico seleccionado se estructuró, en la revisión sistemática de los últimos seis años de artículos e investigaciones, empleando como principio de búsqueda las bases de datos multidisciplinaria, reunida en sistemas electrónicos como Scielo, Scopus, Google académico y Dialnet entre otras, que se enfocaron en el tema mencionado y desarrollados en el idioma español, mediante la declaración PRISMA. El resultado obtenido permitió determinar el efecto de las actividades lúdicas en la coordinación motriz, a su vez, la importancia y beneficio en el fortalecimiento de las habilidades coordinativas durante su crecimiento y desarrollo para optimizar el fortalecimiento físico durante la edad escolar. Asimismo, el desarrollo coordinativo está estrechamente relacionado con la práctica de la actividad física y las actividades lúdicas.

En la actualidad los docentes de Educación Primaria se encuentran ante un gran reto de búsqueda de nuevas formas de enseñanza, mucho más atractivas y eficaces que las tradicionales. Recurrir al juego es una decisión acertada ya que se ha comprobado que gracias a sus cualidades puede aportar cuantiosos beneficios en la pedagogía educativa. El presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado surge como solución a una problemática encontrada en las aulas donde el alumnado presenta falta de motivación en la asignatura del área de música. Para dar solución se acude al juego como elemento motivador justificando sus beneficios en la educación musical. Se han elaborado diferentes materiales presentados en forma de juegos, que abordan contenidos musicales del Currículum Educativo. Los contenidos que se tratan son entre otros las notas musicales y su representación en el pentagrama, la notación musical, las figuras musicales, los ritmos y compases, los diferentes instrumentos musicales y sus agrupaciones y el paisaje sonoro. Esta propuesta está destinada al alumnado de segundo ciclo de Educación Primaria, aunque pueden implantarse en otros cursos con una adaptación que se adecue, In the present, Primary Education teachers are faced with a great challenge to find new ways of teaching, much more attractive and effective than the traditional ones. Resorting to the game is a wise decision since it has been proven that due to its qualities it can provide considerable benefits in educational pedagogy. This Final Degree Project arises as a solution to a problem found in the classrooms where the students present a lack of motivation in the subject of the music area. To provide a solution, the game is used as a motivating element, justifying its benefits in musical education. Different materials presented in the form of games have been elaborated, which address musical contents of the Educational Curriculum. The contents that are dealt with are, among others, musical notes and their representation on the staff, musical notation, musical figures, rhythms and bars, different musical instruments and their groupings, and the soundscape. This proposal is intended for students in the second cycle of Primary Education, although they can be implemented in other courses with a suitable adaptation

Technological developments that continue to move very quickly, giving birth to various kinds of innovations that can be useful for life. Game is one of the products of computer technology, games that are in great demand and use, such as entertainment, learning media, promotional media and many more. has 34 provinces with a variety of customs and culture in each province. Every province in Indonesia has traditional houses which have their own uniqueness, and therefore it is very unfortunate if Indonesian citizens, especially children, do not know about them. Therefore there must be media that can reach both adults and children in introducing Indonesian customs and culture, especially traditional houses. Therefore a game was made "Educational Game for Various Indonesian Traditional Houses", which aims to be a learning medium by using technology and can also attract children's interest in traditional houses.

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar los estereotipos de género en el alumnado de 3 y 4 años de Educación Infantil, considerando la relación entre el ámbito familiar y el educativo, concretamente, a través del juego. Usando una metodología con enfoque mixto, cuantitativo y cualitativo, se lleva a cabo un estudio con 16 niñas y niños, considerando para los mismos alumnos el contexto familiar y educativo, según la percepción de los propios participantes. En este sentido, y utilizando cuatro instrumentos de recogida de información, realizamos un análisis sobre las diferencias de género en los discursos iconográficos del alumnado, sus comportamientos y relaciones, y su desarrollo del juego. Los resultados muestran estereotipos en el ámbito familiar que se reproducen en el juego del alumnado. Así, la escuela continúa teniendo una tarea pendiente para constituir un espacio realmente coeducativo y propulsor de la igualdad., The aim of this research is to determine gender stereotypes in 3- and 4-year-old students in pre-school education, considering the relationship between the family and the educational environment, specifically through play. Using a mixed quantitative and qualitative methodology, a study was carried out with 16 girls and boys, considering for the same pupils the family and educational context, according to the perception of the participants themselves. In this sense, and using four instruments to collect information, we carried out an analysis of the gender differences in the iconographic discourses of the pupils, their behaviour and relationships, and their development of play. The results show that stereotypes in the family environment are reproduced in pupils' playing. In this sense, the school continues to have a pending task as a truly co-educational space.

The research study was conducted to find out how professional physical education teachers use their content knowledge on managing students’ behaviour in practical physical education lessons in the 10 colleges of education in the northern regions. The research study employed the descriptive observational and survey methods to collate results for discussions and recommendations by the use of duration recording instrument and open-ended questionnaires to physical education teachers. The research covered levels 100 to 300 in each college which constituted a sample population of eight hundred and forty (840) from 10 classes that were selected randomly for the students’ behaviour management observation. All 13 teachers responded to open ended questionnaires while 8 of them taught for observation on some managerial episodes, namely Game, Roll taking, Waiting, Lateness, and Disperse. The simple random sampling technique was used to select the classes for observation for data collection. The results revealed that physical education teachers use managerial techniques to manage their student behaviours in the class. However, it came to light that some few physical education teachers do not conduct roll call on their students to check absenteeism. It was obvious that teachers spend appreciable time on class management. It is recommended that further research study could be carried out on the conduct of physical education teachers towards the management of practical physical education lessons.

Designing entertaining games requires control over the difficulty experienced by players. Gameplay has a clear impact on the difficulty and as such is easy to handle but other factors such as graphics do not share this clear cut impact. Therefore a game was made with adjustable graphical settings without changing any game elements in order to evaluate the effect on 18 participants. No effect was found for the measured performance but a weak correlation is possible for perceived difficulty.

When striving for realism in first-person games, the use of sampled audio has been frequent, and it is often argued that a higher level of auditory authenticity will lead to an increased realism.However, in this paper, it is argued that, for the purpose of realism, attention should instead be directed at making players themselves a more contributing factor to how sound is perceived; the more the audio of a game changes with, or adapts to, player input, the more realistic it should be perceived. This idea is tested in a first-person game where participants play two different levels where one level’s wind sound has audio parameters adapt to the camera’s yaw rotator value, while the other level’s wind sound does not adapt at all. The participants’ experience of each design approach is evaluated using a quantitative and qualitative analysis. Results suggests that an increase of adaptive audio can lead to an increase in perceived realism in first-person games. A difference could clearly be perceived between the approaches and there were indications of preference for the adaptive approach. First-person games, such as simulators, as well as VR games, may well benefit from this approach in that it could increase the perceived realism.

There have been an increase of certain health risks since more and more people sit infront of their computer for longer periods of time. Studies show that there is a need of morephysical activity for people who are living a more sedentary lifestyle. This thesis suggesta solution, the design of an exergame where people can take a 2-minute brake to preventa decline of their health. This thesis researches how to design an exergame in such a waywhere high scores will lead to more movement while playing the game. The creators of thegame collects data by playing the game for 100 play sessions each where the collected dataconsists of total movement, different jumps and high score.

There are multiple games which can be classified as “first-person stealth” and an early game in this genre called Thief Gold has been directly influential in it. Defining the genre through certain qualifiers and using games which have directly been stated tohave been influenced by Thief Gold, Thief Gold has here beencompared to six subsequent games in the genre. What has been discovered is that while core similarities always exist, the same problems have different solutions depending on the overall designfor individual games.

Denna uppsats undersöker virtuella verklighetsvarningar i relation till fördjupning. Fördjupning är det engagemanget en spelare känner utifrån att spela ett spel och kan karakteriseras som graden eller nivån av engagemanget som spelaren har med olika aspekter av spelet. Det är viktigt fenomen att undersöka eftersom spelare kan bli skadade om varningarna inte fungerar som de ska. Uppsatsen har undersökt för- och nackdelar med varningar som Quest 2 ger ut till spelarna av Beat Saber, Blade & Sorcery och Gorilla Tag i relation till fördjupning. För att undersöka vilka för- och nackdelar det finns med de varningar som Quest 2 ger ut till spelarna av Beat Saber, Blade & Sorcery och Gorilla Tag genomfördes det en heuristisk utvärdering för att identifiera problem som sedan undersöktes vidare med en enkätundersökning och intervjuer. Data från den heuristiska utvärderingen, enkätundersökning och intervjuer triangulerades för att hitta för- och nackdelar med varningarna utifrån ett säkerhetsperspektiv. Utifrån undersökningen blev det tydligt att nuvarande varningar hjälper spelarna. Dock finns det möjligheter till förbättring. Utifrån resultaten skapades designriktlinjer för VR-varningar. Det är tänkt att dessa designriktlinjer ska användas som hjälpmedel när VR-varningar designas. Om designriktlinjerna används är det sannolikt att risken för användarskada minskas. Dock behövs det testas ytterligare., This essay examines virtual reality warnings in relation to immersion. Immersion is the engagement a player feels from playing a game and can be characterized as the degree or level of engagement the player has with various aspects of the game. This area is important to research because players of virtual reality games can be hurt if the warnings do not work as intended. This essay has examined the pros and cons of the warnings that Quest 2 gives to the players of Beat Saber, Blade & Sorcery and Gorilla Tag in relation to immersion. Toresearch the pros and cons of warnings issued by Quest 2 to Beat Saber, Blade & Sorcery and Gorilla Tag players, a heuristic evaluation was conducted to identify issues which were then further investigated with a survey and interviews. Data from the heuristic evaluation, survey and interviews were triangulated to find pros and cons of the warnings from a security perspective. Based on the research, it became clear that current warnings help the players, however, there are opportunities for improvement. Based on the results, design guidelines for VR warnings were created. It is intended that these design guidelines should be used as aid when designing VR warnings. If the design guidelines are used, it is more likely that the risk of user injury is reduced, however, further testing is required.

This thesis investigates designing and implementing a peer-to-peer (P2P) networking frameworkfor Unity, a popular game engine, intending to offer a scalable and efficient solution forconstructing networked multiplayer games. The research covers an analysis of a P2P networkarchitecture, transport layer protocols, challenges in NAT traversal, and peer list management.A framework is proposed, incorporating NAT traversal, remote procedural calls (RPC), synchronization variables (SyncVar), interest management (IM), and a lobby system. The framework’sperformance is evaluated through integration, network, and game performance tests. Resultsdemonstrate the framework’s capacity to accommodate up to 50 players, with a theoreticalmaximum of 200 players, but further optimization techniques could increase this limit. IMsolutions are suggested to improve scalability, rendering the framework a more viable optionfor MMOGs. Additionally, this thesis seeks to contribute to comprehending P2P networkingframework design and implementation for Unity while emphasizing potential directions forfuture research and how they should be optimized, Denna uppsats undersöker design och implementering av ett peer-to-peer (P2P) nätverksramverk för Unity, en populär spelmotor, med målet att erbjuda en skalbar och effektiv lösning för att bygga nätverksbaserade flerspelarspel. Uppsatsen omfattar en analys av P2P-nätverksarkitektur, transportlagerprotokoll, utmaningar vid NAT-Travesering och hantering av peerlistor. Ett ramverk som inkluderar NAT-Travesering, fjärrproceduranrop (RPC), synkroniseringsvariabler (SyncVar), Interest Management (IM) och ett lobby-system föreslås. Ramverkets prestanda utvärderas genom integrationstester, nätverksprestandatester och spel-prestandatester. Resultaten visar att ramverket kan hantera upp till 50 spelare, med en teoretisk maximal kapacitet på 200 spelare, men ytterligare optimiserings tekniker kan öka denna gränsen. IM-lösningar föreslås för att förbättra skalbarheten, vilket gör ramverket till ett bättre alternativ för MMOG. Dessutom syftar denna uppsats till att bidra till förståelsen för design och implementering av P2P-nätverksramverk för Unity, samtidigt som den betonar potentiella riktningar för framtida forskning och hur dessa ska kunna optimeras.

In this article, the author describes innovative forms of organizing an English lesson at the initial stage, lists the advantages and disadvantages of traditional, as well as non-traditional forms of education.

Tradicionalmente la arquitectura ha asociado su permanencia a la codificación y transmisión de determinadas normas para garantizar un reconocimiento disciplinar. Cada intención arquitectónica verdaderamente novedosa ha tratado de trasgredir dichas reglas para su renovación. El presente artículo pretende analizar algunos ejemplos donde es notable la importancia que la indisciplina (como desatención de normas compartidas) y el juego (como proceso de entretenimiento explícito) tienen para una mejor comprensión de la arquitectura contemporánea., Traditionally, architecture has conditioned its continuance to the codification and transfer of certain rules in order to guarantee effective recognition. Every new architectural vision has surpassed such rule for a necessary updating. The aim of this paper is to analyze the importance of indiscipline (as volunteer disregard of shared rules) and the game (as an explicit entertainment process) for a comprehensive understanding of contemporary architecture.

We study a stochastic game of hiring and firing in which the employee has a random capacity which is not directly observable for the employer, and only par- tially observable for the employee. In this setting, we derive a Nash Equilibrium of strategies.