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Een verschuiving van dierlijke naar plantaardige eiwitten in ons dieet kan een grote bijdrage leveren aan de oplossing van veel maatschappelijke problemen. Zo is het opschuiven naar een voedingspatroon met meer plantaardige en minder dierlijke eiwitten beter voor het milieu en gezonder voor de meeste Nederlanders. Veel supermarkten hebben inmiddels doelen gesteld om minder dierlijke en meer plantaardige eiwitten te verkopen. Begin 2022 publiceerde Questionmark, in opdracht van ProVeg Nederland, een rapport dat de voedselprijzen van plantaardige en dierlijke alternatieven in Nederlandse supermarkten vergeleek (Questionmark, 2022a). Sinds maart 2022 hebben zich grote ontwikkelingen afgespeeld op het wereldtoneel, met een hoge (globale) inflatie tot gevolg, zoals ons tussentijds onderzoek eind 2022 ook al liet zien (Questionmark, 2022b). De consument merkt deze inflatie voornamelijk aan de gas- en energieprijzen, de benzineprijs en de dagelijkse boodschappen. Maar treffen deze prijsstijgingen de plantaardige en dierlijke producten in de supermarkt even zwaar?

BackgroundFood environment transformations are needed to improve population diets. Systems to monitor food environment transformations are often lacking, but can be useful to assess retail and food-service performances over time. Therefore, we aimed to measure the healthiness of supermarkets and out-of-home settings, including the assortment, price promotions, in-store promotions, and food marketing to children.MethodsWeb-scraping techniques were used to collect data on food assortment (n = 37761 products) for 6 supermarket chains (market value=72%). All products were categorized by food group and whether they contributed to a healthy diet (yes/no). During 8 weeks, price-promotions were collected for 8 supermarket chains (n = 23239 promotions). To identify instore promotions (n = 7757 products) and food marketing to children (14 product categories, n = 2,681 products), 40 supermarkets (8 chains) were visited. Similar data was gathered for out-of-home settings.Results80% of the food assortment and 80% of the products featuring in supermarkets’ price- and in-store promotions were not supportive of a healthy diet. In addition, 73% of the check-outs offered snacks, but lacked healthy options. 97% of the food marketing to children was for products not supporting healthy diets. The top five most available food products in supermarkets were: non-alcoholic beverages, alcohol, sweets, biscuits, meat, and poultry (36% of the entire assortment). Non-alcoholic drinks, sweets and confections, alcoholic beverages, dairy, and ready-to-eat meals were the most featured products in price-promotions. Even less supportive observations were found for out-of-home settings.ConclusionsDutch food environments primarily consist of products and promotions that do not contribute to a healthy diet. Regular monitoring is needed to identify whether policies are effective to improve food environments.

Supermarkten doen weinig om gezond eten makkelijk te maken. Aanbiedingen, assortiment en winkelinrichting maken ongezonde opties aantrekkelijk. Maatregelen om juist de gezonde keuze te stimuleren ontbreken vrijwel geheel of zijn niet te beoordelen, zowel in de praktijk als in het beleid. Dat zijn de uitkomsten van Superlijst Gezondheid 2022. Die uitkomst is niet veel anders dan twee jaar geleden; alleen Ekoplaza en Lidl voerden wezenlijke verbeteringen door.

Our knowledge of the conservation status of reptiles, the most diverse class of terrestrial vertebrates, has improved dramatically over the past decade, but still lags behind that of the other tetrapod groups. Here, we conduct the first comprehensive evaluation (~92% of the world's ~1714 described species) of the conservation status of skinks (Scincidae), a speciose reptile family with a worldwide distribution. Using International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria, we report that ~20% of species are threatened with extinction, and nine species are Extinct or Extinct in the Wild. The highest levels of threat are evident in Madagascar and the Neotropics, and in the subfamilies Mabuyinae, Eugongylinae and Scincinae. The vast majority of threatened skink species were listed based primarily on their small geographic ranges (Criterion B, 83%; Criterion D2, 13%). Although the population trend of 42% of species was stable, 14% have declining populations. The key threats to skinks are habitat loss due to agriculture, invasive species, and biological resource use (e.g., hunting, timber harvesting). The distributions of 61% of species do not overlap with protected areas. Despite our improved knowledge of the conservation status of the world's skinks, 8% of species remain to be assessed, and 14% are listed as Data Deficient. The conservation status of almost a quarter of the world's skink species thus remains unknown. We use our updated knowledge of the conservation status of the group to develop and outline the priorities for the conservation assessment and management of the world's skink species.

Our knowledge of the conservation status of reptiles, the most diverse class of terrestrial vertebrates, has improved dramatically over the past decade, but still lags behind that of the other tetrapod groups. Here, we conduct the first comprehensive evaluation (~92% of the world's ~1714 described species) of the conservation status of skinks (Scincidae), a speciose reptile family with a worldwide distribution. Using International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria, we report that ~20% of species are threatened with extinction, and nine species are Extinct or Extinct in the Wild. The highest levels of threat are evident in Madagascar and the Neotropics, and in the subfamilies Mabuyinae, Eugongylinae and Scincinae. The vast majority of threatened skink species were listed based primarily on their small geographic ranges (Criterion B, 83%; Criterion D2, 13%). Although the population trend of 42% of species was stable, 14% have declining populations. The key threats to skinks are habitat loss due to agriculture, invasive species, and biological resource use (e.g., hunting, timber harvesting). The distributions of 61% of species do not overlap with protected areas. Despite our improved knowledge of the conservation status of the world's skinks, 8% of species remain to be assessed, and 14% are listed as Data Deficient. The conservation status of almost a quarter of the world's skink species thus remains unknown. We use our updated knowledge of the conservation status of the group to develop and outline the priorities for the conservation assessment and management of the world's skink species.

Contains fulltext : 215382.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), Background and purpose: The promise of the MR-linac is that one can visualize all anatomical changes during the course of radiotherapy and hence adapt the treatment plan in order to always have the optimal treatment. Yet, there is a trade-off to be made between the time spent for adapting the treatment plan against the dosimetric gain. In this work, the various daily plan adaptation methods will be presented and applied on a variety of tumour sites. The aim is to provide an insight in the behavior of the state-of-the-art 1.5T MRI guided on-line adaptive radiotherapy methods. Materials and methods: To explore the different available plan adaptation workflows and methods, we have simulated online plan adaptation for five cases with varying levels of inter-fraction motion, regions of interest and target sizes: prostate, rectum, esophagus and lymph node oligometastases (single and multiple target). The plans were evaluated based on the clinical dose constraints and the optimization time was measured. Results: The time needed for plan adaptation ranged between 17 and 485s. More advanced plan adaptation methods generally resulted in more plans that met the clinical dose criteria. Violations were often caused by insufficient PTV coverage or, for the multiple lymph node case, a too high dose to OAR in the vicinity of the PTV. With full online replanning it was possible to create plans that met all clinical dose constraints for all cases. Conclusion: Daily full online replanning is the most robust adaptive planning method for Unity. It is feasible for specific sites in clinically acceptable times. Faster methods are available, but before applying these, the specific use cases should be explored dosimetrically.

Contains fulltext : 215382.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), Background and purpose: The promise of the MR-linac is that one can visualize all anatomical changes during the course of radiotherapy and hence adapt the treatment plan in order to always have the optimal treatment. Yet, there is a trade-off to be made between the time spent for adapting the treatment plan against the dosimetric gain. In this work, the various daily plan adaptation methods will be presented and applied on a variety of tumour sites. The aim is to provide an insight in the behavior of the state-of-the-art 1.5T MRI guided on-line adaptive radiotherapy methods. Materials and methods: To explore the different available plan adaptation workflows and methods, we have simulated online plan adaptation for five cases with varying levels of inter-fraction motion, regions of interest and target sizes: prostate, rectum, esophagus and lymph node oligometastases (single and multiple target). The plans were evaluated based on the clinical dose constraints and the optimization time was measured. Results: The time needed for plan adaptation ranged between 17 and 485s. More advanced plan adaptation methods generally resulted in more plans that met the clinical dose criteria. Violations were often caused by insufficient PTV coverage or, for the multiple lymph node case, a too high dose to OAR in the vicinity of the PTV. With full online replanning it was possible to create plans that met all clinical dose constraints for all cases. Conclusion: Daily full online replanning is the most robust adaptive planning method for Unity. It is feasible for specific sites in clinically acceptable times. Faster methods are available, but before applying these, the specific use cases should be explored dosimetrically.

Contains fulltext : 215382.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), Background and purpose: The promise of the MR-linac is that one can visualize all anatomical changes during the course of radiotherapy and hence adapt the treatment plan in order to always have the optimal treatment. Yet, there is a trade-off to be made between the time spent for adapting the treatment plan against the dosimetric gain. In this work, the various daily plan adaptation methods will be presented and applied on a variety of tumour sites. The aim is to provide an insight in the behavior of the state-of-the-art 1.5T MRI guided on-line adaptive radiotherapy methods. Materials and methods: To explore the different available plan adaptation workflows and methods, we have simulated online plan adaptation for five cases with varying levels of inter-fraction motion, regions of interest and target sizes: prostate, rectum, esophagus and lymph node oligometastases (single and multiple target). The plans were evaluated based on the clinical dose constraints and the optimization time was measured. Results: The time needed for plan adaptation ranged between 17 and 485s. More advanced plan adaptation methods generally resulted in more plans that met the clinical dose criteria. Violations were often caused by insufficient PTV coverage or, for the multiple lymph node case, a too high dose to OAR in the vicinity of the PTV. With full online replanning it was possible to create plans that met all clinical dose constraints for all cases. Conclusion: Daily full online replanning is the most robust adaptive planning method for Unity. It is feasible for specific sites in clinically acceptable times. Faster methods are available, but before applying these, the specific use cases should be explored dosimetrically.

CT Perfusion offers us some great diagnostic features for neuroimaging and has great potential in the field of acute ischemic strokes. Over the last few years more research is being conducted regarding the prediction of final tissue status in cerebral ischemia. The goal of this research is to automatically or semi-automatically differentiate between infarct core lesion and ischemic penumbra. Some commercially available packages already provide such features, but are not always as accurate. Much research is ongoing in more specialized institutes featuring different methods like thresholding, functional clustering and more advanced methods such as the use of artificial neural networks. Results look promising but we should remain critical before applying it in clinical settings due to the fact that most current research is being conducted on homogeneous data sets and is not clinically validated.

CT Perfusion offers us some great diagnostic features for neuroimaging and has great potential in the field of acute ischemic strokes. Over the last few years more research is being conducted regarding the prediction of final tissue status in cerebral ischemia. The goal of this research is to automatically or semi-automatically differentiate between infarct core lesion and ischemic penumbra. Some commercially available packages already provide such features, but are not always as accurate. Much research is ongoing in more specialized institutes featuring different methods like thresholding, functional clustering and more advanced methods such as the use of artificial neural networks. Results look promising but we should remain critical before applying it in clinical settings due to the fact that most current research is being conducted on homogeneous data sets and is not clinically validated.

De Stichting Vissenbescherming is in 2000 opgericht om mensen diervriendelijker en respectvoller om te laten gaan met vissen en andere in het water levende dieren. Dos Winkel bespreekt wat er mis is met onze oceanen en zeeën, zoals overbevissing en gigantische bijvangsten waar per jaar zo'n 30-35 miljard kilo vis, die dood of verminkt overboord gekieperd wordt.

Vis is gezond. Vooral vanwege de aanwezigheid van onverzadigde 'omega-vetzuren' wordt vis algemeen beschouwd als hét gezonde alternatief voor vlees. Dos Winkel plaatst echter vraagtekens bij de gezondheidsclaim op vis en visolie

In zijn nieuwste boek ''Wat is er mis met vis?! en visolie'', bespreekt Dos de Winkel wat er mis is met onze oceanen en zeeën. Iedereen weet dat vis gezonde bestanddelen bevat, met name (dierlijke) eiwitten en derivaten van Omega-3. Slechts weinigen weten dat Omega-3 niet door de vissen zelf gemaakt wordt, maar dat zij die binnen krijgen met hun voeding. In dit artikel worden de resultaten van onderzoek naar de effecten van Omega-3 vetzuren op een aantal menselijke gezondheidsproblemen opgesomd

On the TOGA-COARE pilot cruise, at 147 deg E, in the western Pacific warm pool, we profiled for seventeen days at 0 deg N, and for five days at 2 deg N. Winds were generally light, and variable in direction, but rainfall was often quite intense. Contrary to what is seen in the central equatorial Pacific, we did not observe a deep diurnal cycle in dissipation extending below the mixed layer. Strong daytime restratification often prevented nightly convective deepening down to the seasonal thermocline, resulting in surface forcing remaining trapped in a shallow layer. The relaxation of horizontal density gradients into vertical appears to be an important process driving restratification. Turbulent fluxes in the bottom of the mixed layer were generally small. Following rainfall, we observed pools of fresh water, that typically disappeared within a few hours, leaving the mixed layer nearly homogeneous in salinity; thus we did not observe a permanent barrier layer. Modeling such events using the Price-Weller-Pinkle model suggests a fresh pool will be mixed away on time scales of a few days, primarily by nighttime convection. The observed vertical structure can be accounted for by local vertical mixing processes.

The Multi-Scale Profiler (MSP), a freely falling dropsonde, has been used over the last 12 years to resolve oceanic shear variance at vertical scales from a few hundred meters down to nearly a centimeter. Because MSP yielded the first complete oceanic shear spectra., it is important to document the methods by which they were produced. Large scales are measured by an electromagnetic current meter (ECM), microscales by airfoil probes, and intermediate scales by an acoustic current meter (ACM). The ACM detects velocity relative to the instrument, so the platform motion must be known to determine the water velocity. Primarily, the ACM measurements are affected by tilt oscillations and by the gross (point-mass) motion of the vehicle; the former is inferred from accelerometer data, and the latter is constructed from a model of the vehicle's response to oceanic shear. Horizontal forcing on the array of drag brushes and turning blades at the tall complicates the response by causing MSP to react strongly to fluctuations with scales near the instruments length of 4.3 m. We examine the effects of this response on spectra of the ACM measurements, noting particularly a deep notch near 0.2 cpm (cycles per meter). To account for such spectral features, the model of Hayes et al. for the TOPS dropsonde was modified so that it correctly parameterized our large tail force. We discuss the dynamics, data processing, and model formulation relevant to production of oceanic velocity profiles from the ACM data,and present analytic transfer functions-derived from Fourier transforms of the model equations-which guide selection of optimal values for the model parameters., Sponsored in part by Grant ONR-N00014-94-I-0079 and Grant URI/UW-N00014-86-K-0690.