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A prominent pathway for the aeronautical industry to meet contemporary challenges is to explore overall vehicular efficiency gains enabled by various functional and structural distributions and/or synergies between onboard systems. To that end, this paper combines analytical first-principle-based methods and principles of systems engineering and focuses on the Environmental Control System (ECS). The objective is to develop means for simple blank-sheet design of complete system architectures, which would help unlock potentially obscured parts of the system design space. Basic thermodynamics is employed, complemented with “Function-Behaviour-Structure-Experience” systems engineering framework. The method presented in the paper enables users to initialise the design from a primitive abstract system architecture described by elementary physical processes, and then carry out a sequence of decisions and design material systems architecture, i.e. concepts that respond to the system requirements. The preliminary results present development of architectures representative both of traditional pneumatic and innovative electrical ECS concepts. Energy consumption figures of merit (thermodynamic efficiency, exergy destruction rate) are used as guidelines during the design i.e. for a given flight condition, the designer can assess the influence of each choice on the overall system energy consumption. Trade-offs between architectural design choices and figures of merit are thus rendered transparent in preliminary architecture design. In this paper the figures of merit are based on thermodynamic energy efficiency; in perspectives the method can include other constraints such as e.g. weight, volume, cost, or other, with long-term objective of enabling a comprehensive multi-disciplinary multi-system aeroplane architecture design scheme., System Engineering

Digitization has made enterprises and inter-enterprise organizations (e.g. smart cities) increasingly vulnerable to cyber attacks. Malicious actors compromising computers can have potential damage and disruptions. To mitigate cyber threats, the first thing is to identify vulnerabilities, which is difficult as it requires (i) a detailed understanding of the inter-enterprise architecture, and (ii) significant security expertise. Threat modeling supports (i) by documenting the design of the system architecture, and attack simulation supports (ii) by automating the identification of vulnerabilities. This paper presents a systematic literature review and provides a research outlook for threat modeling and attack simulations of smart cities. The results show that little research has been done in this area, and promising approaches are being developed., Duplicate in Scopus 2-s2.0-85176332029QC 20200713

Robots are perfect substitutes for skilled workforce on some repeatable, general, and strategically important tasks, but this substitution is not always feasible. Despite the evolution of robotics, some industries have been traditionally robot-reluctant because their processes involve large or specific parts and non-serialized products; thus, standard robotic solutions are not cost-effective. This work presents a novel approach for advanced manufacturing applied to the aerospace industry, combining the power and the repeatability of the robots with the flexibility of humans. The proposed approach is based on immersive and symbiotic collaboration between human workers and robots, presenting a safe, dynamic, and cost-effective solution for this traditionally manual and robot-reluctant industry. The proposed system architecture includes control, safety, and interface components for the new collaborative manufacturing process. It has been validated in a real-life case study that provides a solution for the manufacturing of aircraft ribs. The results show that humans and robots can share the working area simultaneously without physical separation safely, providing beneficial symbiotic collaboration and reducing times, risks, and costs significantly compared with manual operations., QC 20200329

The next generation of manufacturing system calls for feasible solutions with high efficiency and flexibility. Thus in recent years, Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) research attracts many attentions worldwide since it unites the repeatability and accuracy of robots and the adaptivity and intelligence of human operators. In this paper, the system architecture of an HRC solution is presented, together with the novel method of vision sensing and controlling towards a smart solution with high accuracy and fast speed. The proposed method is demonstrated through implementations in the real robot cell, and evaluated by quantifiable measurements. Future research outlooks are addressed at the end of the paper., QC 20210309

Cyber-attacks on IT infrastructures can have disastrous consequences for individuals, regions, as well as whole nations. In order to respond to these threats, the cyber security assessment of IT infrastructures can foster a higher degree of security and resilience against cyber-attacks. Therefore, the use of attack simulations based on system architecture models is proposed. To reduce the effort of creating new attack graphs for each system under assessment, domain-specific languages (DSLs) can be employed. DSLs codify the common attack logics of the considered domain. Previously, MAL (the Meta Attack Language) was proposed, which serves as a framework to develop DSLs and generate attack graphs for modeled infrastructures. In this article, we propose coreLang as a MAL-based DSL for modeling IT infrastructures and analyzing weaknesses related to known attacks. To model domain-specific attributes, we studied existing cyber-attacks to develop a comprehensive language, which was iteratively verified through a series of brainstorming sessions with domain modelers. Finally, this first version of the language was validated against known cyber-attack scenarios., QC 20210219

The growing need of technological assistance to provide support to people with special needs demands for systems more and more efficient and with better performances. With this aim, this work tries to advance in a multirobot platform that allows the coordinated control of different agents and other elements in the environment to achieve an autonomous behavior based on the user’s needs or will. Therefore, this environment is structured according to the potentiality of each agent and elements of this environment and of the dynamic context, to generate the adequate actuation plans and the coordination of their execution., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

This article describes a system to facilitate dynamic en route formation of heavy-duty vehicle platoons with the goal of reducing fuel consumption. Safe vehicle platooning is a maturing technology that leverages modern sensor, control, and communication technology to automatically regulate the inter-vehicle distances. Truck platooning has been shown to reduce fuel consumption through slipstreaming by up to 10% under realistic highway-driving conditions. To further benefit from this technology, a platoon coordinator is proposed, which interfaces with fleet management systems and suggests how platoons can be formed in a fuel-efficient manner over a large region. The coordinator frequently updates the plans to react to newly available information. This way, it requires a minimum of customization with respect to the logistic operations.We discuss the system architecture in detail and introduce important underlying methodological foundations. Plans are derived in computationally tractable stages optimizing fuel savings from platooning. The effectiveness of this approach is verified in a simulation study. It shows that the coordinated platooning system can improve over spontaneously occurring platooning even under the presence of disturbances. A real demonstrator has also been developed. We present data from an experiment in which three vehicles were coordinated to form a platoon on public highways under normal traffic conditions. It demonstrates the feasibility of coordinated en route platoon formation with current communication and on-board technology. Simulations and experiments support that the proposed system is technically feasible and a potential solution to the problem of using vehicle platooning in an operational context., QC 20200326

The agricultural and farming industries have been widely influenced by the disruption of the Internet of Things. The impact of the IoT is more limited in countries with less penetration of mobile internet such as sub-Saharan countries, where agriculture commonly accounts for 10 to 50% of their GPD. The boom of low-power wide-area networks (LPWAN) in the last decade, with technologies such as LoRa or NB-IoT, has mitigated this providing a relatively cheap infrastructure that enables low-power and long-range transmissions. Nonetheless, the benefits that LPWAN technologies enable have the disadvantage of low-bandwidth transmissions. Therefore, the integration of Edge and Fog computing, moving data analytics and compression near end devices, is key in order to extend functionality. By integrating artificial intelligence at the local network layer, or Edge AI, we present a system architecture and implementation that expands the possibilities of smart agriculture and farming applications with Edge and Fog computing and LPWAN technology for large area coverage. We propose and implement a system consisting on a sensor node, an Edge gateway, LoRa repeaters, Fog gateway, cloud servers and end-user terminal application. At the Edge layer, we propose the implementation of a CNN-based image compression method in order to send in a single message information about hundreds or thousands of sensor nodes within the gateway's range. We use advanced compression techniques to reduce the size of data up to 67% with a decompression error below 5%, within a novel scheme for IoT data., Part of ISBN 9781728132891QC 20210920

REST APIs are being increasingly used in the industry including their application in safety-critical domain and in the IoT world. They offer basic CRUD (create, retrieve, update and delete) interfaces. However, REST APIs can be used to build services with more advanced scenarios. Developing such services with REST constraints requires rigorous approaches that are capable of creating services that can be trusted for their behavior. In this work, we present an approach based on formal verification technique for a development of REST services using Event-B. We focus on deriving a correct system architecture by refinement and consistency verification of service design models. We illustrate our approach on a Hotel Reservation System., Conference code: 139362; Export Date: 22 October 2018; Conference Paper. QC 20181112

Optimised allocation of system architectures is a well researched area as it can greatly reduce the developmental cost of systems and increase performance and reliability in their respective applications.In conjunction with the recent shift from federated to integrated architectures in automotive, and the increasing complexity of computer systems, both in terms of software and hardware, the applications of design space exploration and optimised allocation of system architectures are of great interest.This thesis proposes a method to derive architectures and their allocations for systems with real-time constraints.The method implements integer linear programming to solve for an optimised allocation of system architectures according to a set of linear constraints while taking resource requirements, communication dependencies, and manual design choices into account.Additionally, this thesis describes and evaluates an industrial use case using the method wherein the timing characteristics of a system were evaluated, and, the method applied to simultaneously derive a system architecture, and, an optimised allocation of the system architecture.This thesis presents evidence and validations that suggest the viability of the method and its use case in an industrial setting.The work in this thesis sets precedence for future research and development, as well as future applications of the method in both industry and academia.

In this paper we discuss the beginnings of an attempt to define and analyze the stability of an entire modular robotic system architecture - one which includes a three-tier (3T) layer breakdown of capabilities, with symbolic, deterministic planning at the highest level. We approach the problem from the standpoint of a control theory outlook, and try to formalize the issues that result from trying to quantitatively characterize the overall performance of a well-defined system without a need for exhaustive testing. We start by discussing the concept of bounded-input bounded-output stability, giving examples where the technique might not be sufficient to guarantee what we term “total system stability” due to complications associated with the levels of abstraction between the modules and components that are being chained together in the architecture. We then go on to discuss necessary conditions that may fall out of this naturally as a result. We further try to better-define the input and output constraints needed to guarantee total system stability, using an assumption-guarantee-like contractual framework that sits alongside the architecture; the requirements then may have influence across multiple modules, in order to keep consistency. We also discuss how the structure of the architectural modules may help or hinder the process of capability characterization and performance analysis of each module and a given architecture configuration as a whole. We then discuss two overlapping methods that, combined, should allow us to analyze the effectiveness of the architecture, and help towards verification and validation of both the components and the system as a whole. Demonstrative examples are given using a specific architectural implementation called the Resilient Spacecraft Executive. In future work, we hope to define both necessary and sufficient conditions for total system stability across such a system architecture for robotics use., Not duplicate with DiVA 1502066QC 20170216

Modern embedded systems utilize the advances in heterogeneous platforms that enable implementing functions in software (SW) and hardware (HW) components. A proper configuration of SW and HW components can significantly improve the values of the extra-functional properties such as performance and energy savings. However, due to increasing application complexity, it is difficult to find the best combination of HW and SW components. The problem basically boils down to calculate, for a given architecture, the system properties from the components' ones. In this paper, we address the problem of composability of EFPs at system level. Although in general this is not a solvable problem, we present that, under strictly specified constraints, it is possible to compose the system EFPs starting from the component ones. We start by detailing constraints related to the system architecture, platform and process development and, based on these constraints, we provide composition rules for different types of EFPs. We demonstrate the results through an industrial example.

The development of system architectures and applications for smart homes and ambient assisted living has been the main activity of a number of academic and industrial research projects around the world. Existing system architectures for smart environments usually employ different architectural styles in a multi-layer logical architecture to support the integration and interoperation of heterogeneous hardware and software technologies, which are subsequently used to provide two major functionalities: monitoring and assistance. It is also usual among existing architectures that the database management system is the most common but the least exploited architectural component, existing in the periphery of the system and devoted exclusively for data storage and retrieval. However, database technology has advanced and matured considerably over the years, and, as a result, current database management systems can be and do more. This thesis considers the hypothesis of several features of modern database management systems being employed to address functional (e.g. well-being and security monitoring, automated control, data processing) and non-functional (e.g. interoperability, extensibility, data security and privacy) requirements of smart environments, i.e. the database management system serves as a platform for smart environments. The scope of this thesis is therefore to investigate the possibility of using different features supported by database management systems to create a database-centric system architecture for the development of smart home environments and ambient assisted living. The thesis also investigates the development of applications for health monitoring and assistance: 1) a serious game for fall prevention that assists people in practicing Tai Chi at home, and 2) a non-intrusive home-based method for sleep assessment. These features are explored in this thesis to address general functional aspects of smart environments, such as monitoring, processing, coo

The broad availability of high-speed Internet has reduced the impact of geographic location of hosting environments on the user experience provided by hosted applications. Advancements in hardware and software management have enabled hosting providers to offer such IT resources very flexibly and in an automated fashion. Cloud computing is the business model exploiting this IT evolution. Cloud providers offer numerous IT resources, such as servers, application runtime environments, or complete applications via self-service interfaces to be used by customers over the Internet. As these cloud offerings target a large number of customers, providers may leverage economies of scale. Therefore, cloud offerings are often set up more quickly and with less expense than respective IT resources managed by customers. Especially, cloud resources can commonly be provisioned and decommissioned flexibly, enabling customers to adjust resources to the current demand of their applications within minutes. The impact of these properties of the cloud environment on hosted applications and the resulting challenges have been largely unknown. Provider-supplied documentation and architecture guidelines have been tailored to the specific cloud offerings supported by each provider. The cloud computing patterns covered in this work are interrelated, well-structured documents, capturing proven solutions to recurring problems experienced by IT architects during cloud application architecture design and the associated runtime management. They have been abstracted from technology-specific provider documentation and guidelines, as well as from existing cloud applications. These patterns, therefore, capture abstract architecture concepts to provide technologyindependent and persistent knowledge gained from experience. This work presents the structured identification of the cloud computing patterns, their textual and graphical design to be easily accessible by humans, and a design method for their appl, Die breite Verfügbarkeit von schnellen Internetzugängen hat die Bedeutung der geographischen Position von IT Betriebsumgebungen reduziert. Fortschritte in der Verwaltungsfunktionalität von Hardware und Software erlauben es darüber hinaus IT Ressourcen sehr flexibel und automatisiert zur Verfügung zu stellen. Das Geschäftsmodell Cloud Computing entstand auf Basis dieser Entwicklungen. Cloud Anbieter stellen IT Ressourcen, wie Server, Laufzeitumgebungen oder komplette Anwendungen zur Selbstbedienung durch den Kunden über das Internet bereit. Da diese Cloud Dienste sehr große Kundengruppen erreichen, können Anbieter Skaleneffekte ausnutzen. Daher sind Cloud Dienste oft schneller betriebsbereit und günstiger als gleichartige selbstverwaltete IT Ressourcen. Insbesondere können Cloud Ressourcen oftmals flexibel reserviert und freigegeben werden, wodurch Kunden die verwendeten Ressourcen innerhalb von Minuten dem aktuellen Bedarf ihrer Anwendungen anpassen können. Die Auswirkungen dieser Eigenschaften von Cloud Umgebungen auf die dort betriebenen Anwendungen und die resultierenden Herausforderungen waren bisher größtenteils unbekannt. Die von Anbietern bereitgestellte Dokumentation und Architekturrichtlinien waren stets auf die spezifischen Cloud Dienste zugeschnitten. Die hier vorgestellten Cloud Computing Patterns sind untereinander verknüpfte strukturierte Dokumente, die bewährte Lösungen zu wiederkehrenden Architekturproblemen beschreiben, mit denen IT Architekten bei der Erstellung von Cloud Anwendungsarchitekturen und ihrer Verwaltung zur Betriebszeit konfrontiert werden. Diese Patterns (dt. Muster) abstrahieren von technologiespezifischen Anbieterdokumentationen und -richtlinien, sowie von existierenden Anwendungen. Daher beschreiben sie abstrakte Architekturrichtlinien, die technologieunabhängiges und langlebiges Erfahrungswissen darstellen. Diese Arbeit beschreibt die strukturierte Identifikation der Cloud Computing Patterns, ihr textuelles und grafisches Design

Vehicles with hybrid drive systems are characterized by their driving dynamics, their energy efficiency and their environment-friendliness especially. Dependent on the electrical power and the drive train structure these hybrid drives are grouped into different classes. Designations such as micro-hybrid, mild- hybrid, full-hybrid, serial-hybrid, serial/parallel-hybrid or power-split-hybrid reflect the large variance of these different drive train possibilities. In hybrid drive systems electronically controlled converters take an important role. With such a converter also the energy exchange between electrical power system and electrical machine is regulated. The reduction of the vehicle fuel consumption here is of special interest. Today's hybrid vehicles use for the control mainly information from the present driving conditions, taking into account the actual electrical power system-charge as well as the power demand of the driver. With such a control already considerable fuel reductions are reached. But additionally superimposed control and information systems promise substantial potential for more fuel reduction. With these systems an outstanding energy-saving and anticipatory way of driving could be realized. The aim is to find the best operating point in each case for the combustion engine and to adapt the charge state of the electrical power system to the respective driving situation.

It has been suggested in the literature to organize software in autonomous vehicles as hierarchical layers where each layer makes its own decisions based on its own world model. This paper presents two alternative designs for autonomous construction vehicles based on the layered framework 4D/RCS. As a first step, the typical use cases for these vehicles were defined. Then one use case for a hauler was traversed through the two alternatives to see how they supported safety, flexibility and the use of a product platform. We found that the coordination between bucket control and motion control must be done at a low level in the hierarchy and that the relationship between the vehicle actuators and the built-in autonomous system is important for how the software is organized.

An open-source low-cost multi inertial measurement unit (MIMU) systems platform is presented. First, the layout and system architecture of the platform, as well as the novel communication interface used to simultaneously communicate with the 18 IMUs in the platform are described. Thereafter, the potential gains of using a MIMU system are described and discussed. Finally, the error characteristics of the platform, when stationary, are illustrated using Allan variance plots., QC 20140612

The constantly increasing demand for interactive broadband satellite communications is driving current research towards novel system architectures that reuse frequency in a more aggressive manner. To this end, the topic of dual satellite systems, in which satellites share spatial (i.e. same coverage area) and spectral (i.e. full frequency reuse) degrees of freedom is introduced. In each multibeam satellite, multiuser interferences are mitigated by employing zero forcing precoding with realistic per antenna power constraints. However, the two sets of users that the transmitters are separately serving, interfere. The present contribution, proposes the partial cooperation, herein referred to as coordination, between the two coexisting transmitters in order to reduce interferences and enhance the performance of the whole system, while maintaining moderate system complexity. In this direction, a heuristic, iterative, low complexity algorithm that allocates users in the two interfering sets is proposed. This novel algorithm, improves the performance of each satellite and of the overall system, simultaneously. The first is achieved by maximizing the orthogonality between users allocated in the same set, hence optimizing the zero forcing performance, whilst the second by minimizing the level of interferences between the two sets. Simulation results show that the proposed method, compared to conventional techniques, significantly increases spectral efficiency., QC 20140306

Since its breakthrough, the liquid crystal technology has continued to gain momentum and the LCD is today the dominating display type used in desktop monitors, television sets, mobile phones as well as other mobile devices. To improve production efficiency and enable larger screen sizes, the LCD industry has step by step increased the size of the mother glass used in the LCD manufacturing process. Initially the mother glass was only around 0.1 m 2 large, but with each generation the size has increased and with generation 10 the area reaches close to 10 m2. The increase in mother glass size has in turn led to an increase in the size of the photomasks used - currently the largest masks are around 1.6 × 1.8 meters. A key mask performance criterion is the absence of "mura" - small systematic errors captured only by the very sensitive human eye. To eliminate such systematic errors, special techniques have been developed by Micronic Mydata. Some mura suppressing techniques are described in this paper. Today, the race towards larger glass sizes has come to a halt and a new race - towards higher resolution and better image quality - is ongoing. The display mask is therefore going through a change that resembles what the semiconductor mask went through some time ago: OPC features are introduced, CD requirements are increasing sharply and multi tone masks (MTMs) are widely used. Supporting this development, Micronic Mydata has introduced a number of compensation methods in the writer, such as Z-correction, CD map and distortion control. In addition, Micronic Mydata MMS15000, the world's most precise large area metrology tool, has played an important role in improving mask placement quality and is briefly described in this paper. Furthermore, proposed specifications and system architecture concept for a new generation mask writers - able to fulfill future image quality requirements - is presented in this paper. This new system would use an AOD/AOM writing engine, QC 20150427

The aim of this study is to analyse the accuracy of passive location systems by using the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB). The study is focused on sensor networks derived from the well-known Multilateration (MLAT) systems, used for aircraft and vehicle surveillance. The measurement used in the standard MLAT configuration is the Time Difference Of Arrival, but it can be improved by using other types of measurement like angle of arrival, round trip delay or time integration. Here, the CRLB is used to model the system accuracy performance using different measurements and related to the target kinematics, to evaluate a possible system evolution. In this frame, the CRLB analysis is useful to define the basic limitations and the advantages of different system architectures as well as to optimise existing architectures by adding new measurement capabilities to some receiving stations. © 2012 The Institution of Engineering and Technology.

This paper describes the development and implementation of automatic paralleling of synchronous generator system using LabVIEW platform. The system comprises of the hardware and the software parts. The hardware part encapsulates the prime mover, synchronous alternator, excitation unit and other sundries that constitute a synchronous generator system. The software part comprises of the National Instruments LabVIEW software, PCI-6014 Data Acquisition card, and the NI ELVIS devices. The overall system architecture is simple and cheap to implement and is recommended for paralleling of small synchronous generators (SSG) in the mission field of military establishment.

Software-defined radio (SDR) clouds combine SDR concepts with cloud computing technology for designing and managing future base stations. They provide a scalable solution for the evolution of wireless communications. The authors focus on the resource management implications and propose a hierarchical approach for dynamically managing the real-time computing constraints of wireless communications systems that run on the SDR cloud., Postprint (published version)

This study describes the implementation of an iris recognition algorithm based on hardware-software co-design. The system architecture consists of a general-purpose 32-bit microprocessor and several slave coprocessors that accelerate the most intensive calculations. The whole iris recognition algorithm has been implemented on a low-cost Spartan 3 FPGA, achieving significant reduction in execution time when compared with a conventional software-based application. Experimental results show that with a clock speed of 40MHz, an IrisCode is obtained in <523ms from an image of 640×480 pixels, which is just 20 of the total time needed by a software solution running on the same microprocessor embedded in the architecture. © 2011 The Institution of Engineering and Technology.

Poor data quality is known to compromise the credibility and efficiency of commercial as well as public endeavours. Several developments from industry and academia have contributed significantly towards addressing the problem. These typically include analysts and practitioners who have contributed to the design of strategies and methodologies for data governance; solution architects including software vendors who have contributed towards appropriate system architectures that promote data integration and; and data experts who have contributed to data quality problems such as duplicate detection, identification of outliers, consistency checking and many more through the use of computational techniques. The attainment of true data quality lies at the convergence of the three aspects, namely organizational, architectural and computational. Fulltext Preview

This paper is based upon experiences from security assessments of SCADA-systems, including assessment performed at one of Sweden's larger water facility. The paper highlights findings and examines state-of-the-practice control system models. These models are commonly employed in the water sector and provide an abstract representation of the system architecture. These kinds of models are indeed a powerful tool for the facility owners and other stakeholders that needs to understand the system configuration. However, these abstract representations are seldom aligned with the reality. They are more like a choice of blissful ignorance. This paper is like a "red pill" for your organization since it point out the sometimes painful truth about reality. It takes a closer look on some abstract representations and reveals some cases where they actually makes the world look "nicer" than it is from a security perspective. It looks nicer merely because the deficient abstract representations don't really show system weaknesses that could have critical consequences. The overall consequence is that the operator of a water facility can be deceived to believe that the security level is far better than it is in reality, simply because details of the system are not scrutinized enough in his models., QC 20140923

Over the past few years, the ever increasing complexity and performance requirements of new wireless communications, automotive and consumer electronics applications are changing the way embedded systems are designed and implemented today. The current trend is towards programmable System-on-Chip platforms in order to improve the design efficiency and reduce the risk and costs of hardware redesign cycles. An increasing number of such systems employ Application Specific Instruction-set Processors (ASIPs) as building blocks due to their balance between computational efficiency and flexibility. Consequently, more and more commercial platforms are available for ASIP architecture exploration and design. These platforms comprise retargetable software development tools (C-compiler, assembler, linker, simulator etc.) that can be quickly adapted to varying target processor configurations. Such tools are usually driven by a processor model given in a dedicated Architecture Description Language (ADL). Advanced ADLs are even capable of generating the system interfaces and a synthesizable hardware model from the same specification. The most challenging task designing an ADL, though, is to capture the architectural information needed for the tool generation in an unambiguous and consistent way. This is particularly difficult for compiler and simulator as they essentially need both the information about the instruction's semantics but from different points of view. The compiler, more specifically the compiler's code selector, needs to know what an instructions does in order to select appropriate instructions for a given piece of source code, while the simulator needs to know how the instruction is executed. In practice it is quite difficult, if not impossible, to derive one information from the other. None of the existing ADLs - if compiler generation is supported at all - solves this problem in a sophisticated manner. Either redundancies are introduced or the language's flexibilit, Die stetig wachsende Komplexität und die zunehmenden Leistungsanforderungen neuer Anwendungen aus den Bereichen drahtlose Kommunikation, Automotive oder Consumer Elektronik haben den Entwurf und die Implementierung eingebetteter Systeme nachhaltig beeinflusst. Der aktuelle Trend geht hin zu programmierbaren System-on-Chip (SoC)-Plattformen. Die Flexibilität von Software verbesserert die Design Effizienz und reduziert das Risiko und die Kosten von Hardware Neuentwicklungen. Immer mehr solcher SoC-Schaltungen verwenden dabei Prozessoren mit anwendungsspezifischem Instruktionssatz (ASIPs) als Bausteine. Sie bieten ausgezeichnete Eigenschaften in Bezug auf Rechenleistung, Leistungsaufnahme und Stückkosten. Dementsprechend sind immer mehr kommerzielle Plattformen für einen effizienten Entwurf von ASIPs verfügbar. Diese Plattformen bestehen aus retargierbaren Softwareentwicklungswerkzeugen (C-compiler, Assembler, Linker, Simulator etc.), welche sich schnell an verschiedene Prozessorkonfigurationen anpassen lassen. Die Eingangsbeschreibung solcher Werkzeuge ist üblicherweise ein Prozessormodell, das in einer dedizierten Architektur Beschreibungssprache (ADL) beschrieben wird. Fortschrittlichere ADL können zusätzlich ein synthetisierbares Hardwaremodell aus derselben Beschreibung erzeugen. Die grösste Herausforderung beim Entwurf einer ADL ist es, die Architekturbeschreibung für die Erzeugung der einzelnen Werkzeuge eindeutig und konsistent zu erfassen. Das ist insbesondere für den Compiler und den Simulator schwierig, denn beide brauchen die Informationen über die Semantik der Instruktionen, allerdings aus einem anderen Blickwinkel. Ein Compiler, oder genauer der Codeselektor, erfordert hauptsächlich die Information, was eine Instruktion tut, um C-Quellcode in äquivalente Assemblerinstruktionen zu übersetzen. Demgegenüber benötigt der Simulator die Information, wie eine Instruktion ausgeführt wird. Praktisch ist es äußerst schwierig, wenn nicht unmöglich, die eine Informat

There is growing research into, and development of, the use of the Internet to support remote access by students to physical laboratory infrastructure. These remote laboratories can, under appropriate circumstances, support or even replace traditional (proximal) laboratories, provide additional or improved access at reduced cost, and encourage interinstitutional sharing of expensive resources. Effective design of remote laboratories requires attention to the design of both the pedagogy and the technical infrastructure, as well as how these elements interact. In this paper, we consider the architectures of remote laboratories, the shortcomings of existing implementations, and we argue that emerging internet technologies can assist in overcoming these shortcomings. We also consider the opportunities which these technologies provide in moving beyond both existing remote laboratories and existing proximal laboratories, to create opportunities which were not previously possible.

Podcasting has become a very popular and successful Internet service in a short time. This success illustrates the interest for participatory broadcasting, but podcasting is alas only available with fixed infrastructure support to retrieve publicized episodes. We aim at releasing this limitation and present herein a podcasting system architecture based on opportunistic wireless networking that allows us to extend podcasting to ad hoc domains. The design is explained and presented together with a prototype implementation running on hand-held devices. We analyze different fundamental design tradeoffs based on measurements., QC 20110708

The overall objective of the SEA Initiative is to develop a framework and aseamless process-flow for the design of complex embedded real-time systems inautomotive applications. Both framework and process -flow need to support the entireautomotive design chain from car manufacturers to subsystem providers, from IPproviders to semiconductor developers. These objectives address several key issues facedby the automotive industry, e.g. system complexity and efficiency:For the car manufacturer, where an increasing number of complex subsystems developedels ewhere have to be interfaced correctly and efficiently during system integration inpresence of increasing pressure for faster introduction of new models in the market place.For the subsystem suppliers, where the requirements on quality and costs become tighterwhile the features demanded become more complex, demanding designs withincreasingly larger software content and more performing hardware. For automotivesemiconductor and IP providers, who find it increasingly difficult to meet the reliabilityand performance requirements demanded by their customers while providing theirproducts so that they could be easily integrated and offer the performance required, QC 20120312

This document describes the prototype domain-specific software architecture (DSSA) process life cycle developed by GTE as part of the ARPA, formerly DARPA, DSSA program. It is a high-level process description and represents a snapshot of the process as it was in the fall of 1992. The original version of the document was prepared as part of the Software Engineering Institute's process asset library (PAL) work for the Software Technology for Adaptable and Reliable Systems (STARS) program. That document became the baseline process description for the ARPA DSSA program. The original document is available from the Asset Source for Software Engineering Technology (ASSET) library (asset number ASSET_A_429, file name is PD-081 DSSA-PG-001 Rev 0.2, dated October 16, 1992). Due to the demand for the document, the original document was reformatted in accordance with related SEI documents so it could be released as an SEI report. The technical content is identical. This document is intended for those wanting to understand the GTE team DSSA approach to DSSA-based software development. This document is version 0.2a of the process guide. Its file name is: PD-081 SEI-93-SR-21 .2a.

The paper describes the key concepts of a word spotting system for Russian based on large vocabulary continuous speech recognition. Key algorithms and system settings are described, including the pronunciation variation algorithm, and the experimental results on the real-life telecom data are provided. The description of system architecture and the user interface is provided. The system is based on CMU Sphinx open-source speech recognition platform and on the linguistic models and algorithms developed by Speech Drive LLC. The effective combination of baseline statistic methods, real-world training data, and the intensive use of linguistic knowledge led to a quality result applicable to industrial use. © 2016 Valentin Smirnov et al.