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1. Smoking remains associated with education after controlling for social background and genetic factors in a study of 18 twin cohorts

Author

Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Silventoinen, Karri, Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Sung, Joohon, Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucía, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Tan, Qihua, Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Korhonen, Tellervo, Kaprio, Jaakko, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Silventoinen, Karri, Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Sung, Joohon, Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucía, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Tan, Qihua, Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Korhonen, Tellervo, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

We tested the causality between education and smoking using the natural experiment of discordant twin pairs allowing to optimally control for background genetic and childhood social factors. Data from 18 cohorts including 10,527 monozygotic (MZ) and same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs discordant for education and smoking were analyzed by linear fixed effects regression models. Within twin pairs, education levels were lower among the currently smoking than among the never smoking co-twins and this education difference was larger within DZ than MZ pairs. Similarly, education levels were higher among former smoking than among currently smoking co-twins, and this difference was larger within DZ pairs. Our results support the hypothesis of a causal effect of education on both current smoking status and smoking cessation. However, the even greater intra-pair differences within DZ pairs, who share only 50% of their segregating genes, provide evidence that shared genetic factors also contribute to these associations.

Published
2022

2. Genetic and environmental variation in educational attainment: an individual-based analysis of 28 twin cohorts

Author

Fisiología, Fisiologia, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Latvala, Antti, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Busjahn, Andreas, Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L., Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucía, Calais Ferreira, Lucas, Oliveira, Vinicius C., Ferreira, Pablo H., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Kandler, Christian, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Park, Hang A., Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Soo Ji, Sung, Joohon, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Fisiología, Fisiologia, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Latvala, Antti, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Busjahn, Andreas, Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L., Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucía, Calais Ferreira, Lucas, Oliveira, Vinicius C., Ferreira, Pablo H., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Kandler, Christian, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Park, Hang A., Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Soo Ji, Sung, Joohon, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

We investigated the heritability of educational attainment and how it differed between birth cohorts and cultural-geographic regions. A classical twin design was applied to pooled data from 28 cohorts representing 16 countries and including 193,518 twins with information on educational attainment at 25 years of age or older. Genetic factors explained the major part of individual differences in educational attainment (heritability: a(2)=0.43; 0.41-0.44), but also environmental variation shared by co-twins was substantial (c(2)=0.31; 0.30-0.33). The proportions of educational variation explained by genetic and shared environmental factors did not differ between Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia. When restricted to twins 30 years or older to confirm finalized education, the heritability was higher in the older cohorts born in 1900-1949 (a(2)=0.44; 0.41-0.46) than in the later cohorts born in 1950-1989 (a(2)=0.38; 0.36-0.40), with a corresponding lower influence of common environmental factors (c(2)=0.31; 0.29-0.33 and c(2)=0.34; 0.32-0.36, respectively). In conclusion, both genetic and environmental factors shared by co-twins have an important influence on individual differences in educational attainment. The effect of genetic factors on educational attainment has decreased from the cohorts born before to those born after the 1950s.

Published
2020

3. Genetic and environmental variation in educational attainment: an individual-based analysis of 28 twin cohorts

Author

Fisiología, Fisiologia, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Latvala, Antti, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Busjahn, Andreas, Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L., Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucía, Calais Ferreira, Lucas, Oliveira, Vinicius C., Ferreira, Pablo H., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Kandler, Christian, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Park, Hang A., Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Soo Ji, Sung, Joohon, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Fisiología, Fisiologia, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Latvala, Antti, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Busjahn, Andreas, Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L., Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucía, Calais Ferreira, Lucas, Oliveira, Vinicius C., Ferreira, Pablo H., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Kandler, Christian, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Park, Hang A., Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Soo Ji, Sung, Joohon, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

We investigated the heritability of educational attainment and how it differed between birth cohorts and cultural-geographic regions. A classical twin design was applied to pooled data from 28 cohorts representing 16 countries and including 193,518 twins with information on educational attainment at 25 years of age or older. Genetic factors explained the major part of individual differences in educational attainment (heritability: a(2)=0.43; 0.41-0.44), but also environmental variation shared by co-twins was substantial (c(2)=0.31; 0.30-0.33). The proportions of educational variation explained by genetic and shared environmental factors did not differ between Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia. When restricted to twins 30 years or older to confirm finalized education, the heritability was higher in the older cohorts born in 1900-1949 (a(2)=0.44; 0.41-0.46) than in the later cohorts born in 1950-1989 (a(2)=0.38; 0.36-0.40), with a corresponding lower influence of common environmental factors (c(2)=0.31; 0.29-0.33 and c(2)=0.34; 0.32-0.36, respectively). In conclusion, both genetic and environmental factors shared by co-twins have an important influence on individual differences in educational attainment. The effect of genetic factors on educational attainment has decreased from the cohorts born before to those born after the 1950s.

Published
2020

4. Genetic and environmental variation in educational attainment: an individual-based analysis of 28 twin cohorts

Author

Fisiología, Fisiologia, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Latvala, Antti, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Busjahn, Andreas, Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L., Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucía, Calais Ferreira, Lucas, Oliveira, Vinicius C., Ferreira, Pablo H., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Kandler, Christian, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Park, Hang A., Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Soo Ji, Sung, Joohon, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Fisiología, Fisiologia, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Latvala, Antti, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Tomizawa, Rie, Watanabe, Mikio, Sakai, Norio, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Busjahn, Andreas, Tyler, Jessica, Hopper, John L., Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucía, Calais Ferreira, Lucas, Oliveira, Vinicius C., Ferreira, Pablo H., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tynelius, Per, Rasmussen, Finn, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Harris, Jennifer R., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Kandler, Christian, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Park, Hang A., Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Soo Ji, Sung, Joohon, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

We investigated the heritability of educational attainment and how it differed between birth cohorts and cultural-geographic regions. A classical twin design was applied to pooled data from 28 cohorts representing 16 countries and including 193,518 twins with information on educational attainment at 25 years of age or older. Genetic factors explained the major part of individual differences in educational attainment (heritability: a(2)=0.43; 0.41-0.44), but also environmental variation shared by co-twins was substantial (c(2)=0.31; 0.30-0.33). The proportions of educational variation explained by genetic and shared environmental factors did not differ between Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia. When restricted to twins 30 years or older to confirm finalized education, the heritability was higher in the older cohorts born in 1900-1949 (a(2)=0.44; 0.41-0.46) than in the later cohorts born in 1950-1989 (a(2)=0.38; 0.36-0.40), with a corresponding lower influence of common environmental factors (c(2)=0.31; 0.29-0.33 and c(2)=0.34; 0.32-0.36, respectively). In conclusion, both genetic and environmental factors shared by co-twins have an important influence on individual differences in educational attainment. The effect of genetic factors on educational attainment has decreased from the cohorts born before to those born after the 1950s.

Published
2020

5. Association of Current and Former Smoking With Body Mass Index: a Study of Smoking Discordant Twin Pairs From 21 Twin Cohorts

Author

Fisiología, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Fisiologia, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucia, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Medland, Sarah E., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Busjahn, Andreas, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Korhonen, Tellervo, Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Fisiología, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Fisiologia, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucia, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Medland, Sarah E., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Busjahn, Andreas, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Korhonen, Tellervo, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

Background Smokers tend to weigh less than never smokers, while successful quitting leads to an increase in body weight. Because smokers and non-smokers may differ in genetic and environmental family background, we analysed data from twin pairs in which the co-twins differed by their smoking behaviour to evaluate if the association between smoking and body mass index (BMI) remains after controlling for family background. Methods and findings The international CODATwins database includes information on smoking and BMI measured between 1960 and 2012 from 156,593 twin individuals 18-69 years of age. Individual-based data (230,378 measurements) and data of smoking discordant twin pairs (altogether 30,014 pairwise measurements, 36% from monozygotic [MZ] pairs) were analysed with linear fixed-effects regression models by 10-year periods. In MZ pairs, the smoking co-twin had, on average, 0.57 kg/m(2) lower BMI in men (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49, 0.70) and 0.65 kg/m(2) lower BMI in women (95% CI: 0.52, 0.79) than the never smoking co-twin. Former smokers had 0.70 kg/m(2) higher BMI among men (95% CI: 0.63, 0.78) and 0.62 kg/m(2) higher BMI among women (95% CI: 0.51, 0.73) than their currently smoking MZ cotwins. Little difference in BMI was observed when comparing former smoking co-twins with their never smoking MZ co-twins (0.13 kg/m(2), 95% CI 0.04, 0.23 among men; -0.04 kg/m(2), 95% CI -0.16, 0.09 among women). The associations were similar within dizygotic pairs and when analysing twins as individuals. The observed series of cross-sectional associations were independent of sex, age, and measurement decade. Conclusions Smoking is associated with lower BMI and smoking cessation with higher BMI. However, the net effect of smoking and subsequent cessation on weight development appears to be minimal, i.e. never more than an average of 0.7 kg/m(2).

Published
2018

6. Association of Current and Former Smoking With Body Mass Index: a Study of Smoking Discordant Twin Pairs From 21 Twin Cohorts

Author

Fisiología, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Fisiologia, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucia, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Medland, Sarah E., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Busjahn, Andreas, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Korhonen, Tellervo, Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Fisiología, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Fisiologia, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucia, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Medland, Sarah E., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Busjahn, Andreas, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Korhonen, Tellervo, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

Background Smokers tend to weigh less than never smokers, while successful quitting leads to an increase in body weight. Because smokers and non-smokers may differ in genetic and environmental family background, we analysed data from twin pairs in which the co-twins differed by their smoking behaviour to evaluate if the association between smoking and body mass index (BMI) remains after controlling for family background. Methods and findings The international CODATwins database includes information on smoking and BMI measured between 1960 and 2012 from 156,593 twin individuals 18-69 years of age. Individual-based data (230,378 measurements) and data of smoking discordant twin pairs (altogether 30,014 pairwise measurements, 36% from monozygotic [MZ] pairs) were analysed with linear fixed-effects regression models by 10-year periods. In MZ pairs, the smoking co-twin had, on average, 0.57 kg/m(2) lower BMI in men (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49, 0.70) and 0.65 kg/m(2) lower BMI in women (95% CI: 0.52, 0.79) than the never smoking co-twin. Former smokers had 0.70 kg/m(2) higher BMI among men (95% CI: 0.63, 0.78) and 0.62 kg/m(2) higher BMI among women (95% CI: 0.51, 0.73) than their currently smoking MZ cotwins. Little difference in BMI was observed when comparing former smoking co-twins with their never smoking MZ co-twins (0.13 kg/m(2), 95% CI 0.04, 0.23 among men; -0.04 kg/m(2), 95% CI -0.16, 0.09 among women). The associations were similar within dizygotic pairs and when analysing twins as individuals. The observed series of cross-sectional associations were independent of sex, age, and measurement decade. Conclusions Smoking is associated with lower BMI and smoking cessation with higher BMI. However, the net effect of smoking and subsequent cessation on weight development appears to be minimal, i.e. never more than an average of 0.7 kg/m(2).

Published
2018

7. Association of Current and Former Smoking With Body Mass Index: a Study of Smoking Discordant Twin Pairs From 21 Twin Cohorts

Author

Fisiología, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Fisiologia, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucia, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Medland, Sarah E., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Busjahn, Andreas, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Korhonen, Tellervo, Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Fisiología, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Fisiologia, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucia, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Medland, Sarah E., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Busjahn, Andreas, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Korhonen, Tellervo, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

Background Smokers tend to weigh less than never smokers, while successful quitting leads to an increase in body weight. Because smokers and non-smokers may differ in genetic and environmental family background, we analysed data from twin pairs in which the co-twins differed by their smoking behaviour to evaluate if the association between smoking and body mass index (BMI) remains after controlling for family background. Methods and findings The international CODATwins database includes information on smoking and BMI measured between 1960 and 2012 from 156,593 twin individuals 18-69 years of age. Individual-based data (230,378 measurements) and data of smoking discordant twin pairs (altogether 30,014 pairwise measurements, 36% from monozygotic [MZ] pairs) were analysed with linear fixed-effects regression models by 10-year periods. In MZ pairs, the smoking co-twin had, on average, 0.57 kg/m(2) lower BMI in men (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49, 0.70) and 0.65 kg/m(2) lower BMI in women (95% CI: 0.52, 0.79) than the never smoking co-twin. Former smokers had 0.70 kg/m(2) higher BMI among men (95% CI: 0.63, 0.78) and 0.62 kg/m(2) higher BMI among women (95% CI: 0.51, 0.73) than their currently smoking MZ cotwins. Little difference in BMI was observed when comparing former smoking co-twins with their never smoking MZ co-twins (0.13 kg/m(2), 95% CI 0.04, 0.23 among men; -0.04 kg/m(2), 95% CI -0.16, 0.09 among women). The associations were similar within dizygotic pairs and when analysing twins as individuals. The observed series of cross-sectional associations were independent of sex, age, and measurement decade. Conclusions Smoking is associated with lower BMI and smoking cessation with higher BMI. However, the net effect of smoking and subsequent cessation on weight development appears to be minimal, i.e. never more than an average of 0.7 kg/m(2).

Published
2018

8. Association of Current and Former Smoking With Body Mass Index: a Study of Smoking Discordant Twin Pairs From 21 Twin Cohorts

Author

Fisiología, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Fisiologia, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucia, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Medland, Sarah E., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Busjahn, Andreas, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Korhonen, Tellervo, Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Fisiología, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Fisiologia, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucia, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Medland, Sarah E., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Busjahn, Andreas, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Korhonen, Tellervo, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

Background Smokers tend to weigh less than never smokers, while successful quitting leads to an increase in body weight. Because smokers and non-smokers may differ in genetic and environmental family background, we analysed data from twin pairs in which the co-twins differed by their smoking behaviour to evaluate if the association between smoking and body mass index (BMI) remains after controlling for family background. Methods and findings The international CODATwins database includes information on smoking and BMI measured between 1960 and 2012 from 156,593 twin individuals 18-69 years of age. Individual-based data (230,378 measurements) and data of smoking discordant twin pairs (altogether 30,014 pairwise measurements, 36% from monozygotic [MZ] pairs) were analysed with linear fixed-effects regression models by 10-year periods. In MZ pairs, the smoking co-twin had, on average, 0.57 kg/m(2) lower BMI in men (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49, 0.70) and 0.65 kg/m(2) lower BMI in women (95% CI: 0.52, 0.79) than the never smoking co-twin. Former smokers had 0.70 kg/m(2) higher BMI among men (95% CI: 0.63, 0.78) and 0.62 kg/m(2) higher BMI among women (95% CI: 0.51, 0.73) than their currently smoking MZ cotwins. Little difference in BMI was observed when comparing former smoking co-twins with their never smoking MZ co-twins (0.13 kg/m(2), 95% CI 0.04, 0.23 among men; -0.04 kg/m(2), 95% CI -0.16, 0.09 among women). The associations were similar within dizygotic pairs and when analysing twins as individuals. The observed series of cross-sectional associations were independent of sex, age, and measurement decade. Conclusions Smoking is associated with lower BMI and smoking cessation with higher BMI. However, the net effect of smoking and subsequent cessation on weight development appears to be minimal, i.e. never more than an average of 0.7 kg/m(2).

Published
2018

9. Does the sex of one’s co-twin affect height and BMI in adulthood? A study of dizygotic adult twins from 31 cohorts

Author

Fisiología, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Fisiologia, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Bogl, Leonie H, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D’Ippolito, Cristina, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Cutler, Tessa L., Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Pang, Zengchang, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Hjelmborg, Jacob v. B., Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Busjahn, Andreas, Lichtenstein, Paul, Öncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucia, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hopper, John L., Loos, Ruth J. F., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Silventoinen, Karri, Kaprio, Jaakko, Fisiología, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Fisiologia, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Bogl, Leonie H, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D’Ippolito, Cristina, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Cutler, Tessa L., Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Pang, Zengchang, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Hjelmborg, Jacob v. B., Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Busjahn, Andreas, Lichtenstein, Paul, Öncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucia, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hopper, John L., Loos, Ruth J. F., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Silventoinen, Karri, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

Background: The comparison of traits in twins from opposite-sex (OS) and same-sex (SS) dizygotic twin pairs is considered a proxy measure of prenatal hormone exposure. To examine possible prenatal hormonal influences on anthropometric traits, we compared mean height, body mass index (BMI), and the prevalence of being overweight or obese between men and women from OS and SS dizygotic twin pairs. Methods: The data were derived from the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) database, and included 68,494 SS and 53,808 OS dizygotic twin individuals above the age of 20 years from 31 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. Zygosity was determined by questionnaires or DNA genotyping depending on the study. Multiple regression and logistic regression models adjusted for cohort, age, and birth year with the twin type as a predictor were carried out to compare height and BMI in twins from OS pairs with those from SS pairs and to calculate the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for being overweight or obese. Results: OS females were, on average, 0.31 cm (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20, 0.41) taller than SS females. OS males were also, on average, taller than SS males, but this difference was only 0.14 cm (95% CI 0.02, 0.27). Mean BMI and the prevalence of overweight or obesity did not differ between males and females from SS and OS twin pairs. The statistically significant differences between OS and SS twins for height were small and appeared to reflect our large sample size rather than meaningful differences of public health relevance. Conclusions: We found no evidence to support the hypothesis that prenatal hormonal exposure or postnatal socialization (i.e., having grown up with a twin of the opposite sex) has a major impact on height and BMI in adulthood.

Published
2017

10. Does the sex of one’s co-twin affect height and BMI in adulthood? A study of dizygotic adult twins from 31 cohorts

Author

Fisiología, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Fisiologia, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Bogl, Leonie H, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D’Ippolito, Cristina, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Cutler, Tessa L., Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Pang, Zengchang, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Hjelmborg, Jacob v. B., Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Busjahn, Andreas, Lichtenstein, Paul, Öncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucia, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hopper, John L., Loos, Ruth J. F., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Silventoinen, Karri, Kaprio, Jaakko, Fisiología, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Fisiologia, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Bogl, Leonie H, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D’Ippolito, Cristina, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Cutler, Tessa L., Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Pang, Zengchang, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Hjelmborg, Jacob v. B., Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Busjahn, Andreas, Lichtenstein, Paul, Öncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucia, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hopper, John L., Loos, Ruth J. F., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Silventoinen, Karri, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

Background: The comparison of traits in twins from opposite-sex (OS) and same-sex (SS) dizygotic twin pairs is considered a proxy measure of prenatal hormone exposure. To examine possible prenatal hormonal influences on anthropometric traits, we compared mean height, body mass index (BMI), and the prevalence of being overweight or obese between men and women from OS and SS dizygotic twin pairs. Methods: The data were derived from the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) database, and included 68,494 SS and 53,808 OS dizygotic twin individuals above the age of 20 years from 31 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. Zygosity was determined by questionnaires or DNA genotyping depending on the study. Multiple regression and logistic regression models adjusted for cohort, age, and birth year with the twin type as a predictor were carried out to compare height and BMI in twins from OS pairs with those from SS pairs and to calculate the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for being overweight or obese. Results: OS females were, on average, 0.31 cm (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20, 0.41) taller than SS females. OS males were also, on average, taller than SS males, but this difference was only 0.14 cm (95% CI 0.02, 0.27). Mean BMI and the prevalence of overweight or obesity did not differ between males and females from SS and OS twin pairs. The statistically significant differences between OS and SS twins for height were small and appeared to reflect our large sample size rather than meaningful differences of public health relevance. Conclusions: We found no evidence to support the hypothesis that prenatal hormonal exposure or postnatal socialization (i.e., having grown up with a twin of the opposite sex) has a major impact on height and BMI in adulthood.

Published
2017

11. Does the sex of one’s co-twin affect height and BMI in adulthood? A study of dizygotic adult twins from 31 cohorts

Author

Fisiología, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Fisiologia, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Bogl, Leonie H, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D’Ippolito, Cristina, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Cutler, Tessa L., Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Pang, Zengchang, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Hjelmborg, Jacob v. B., Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Busjahn, Andreas, Lichtenstein, Paul, Öncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucia, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hopper, John L., Loos, Ruth J. F., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Silventoinen, Karri, Kaprio, Jaakko, Fisiología, Genética, antropología física y fisiología animal, Fisiologia, Genetika,antropologia fisikoa eta animalien fisiologia, Bogl, Leonie H, Jelenkovic Moreno, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Ahrenfeldt, Linda, Pietiläinen, Kirsi H., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D’Ippolito, Cristina, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Cutler, Tessa L., Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Pang, Zengchang, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Hjelmborg, Jacob v. B., Rebato Ochoa, Esther Matilde, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Busjahn, Andreas, Lichtenstein, Paul, Öncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Sánchez Romera, Juan Francisco, Colodro Conde, Lucia, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Yokoyama, Yoshie, Hopper, John L., Loos, Ruth J. F., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Silventoinen, Karri, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

Background: The comparison of traits in twins from opposite-sex (OS) and same-sex (SS) dizygotic twin pairs is considered a proxy measure of prenatal hormone exposure. To examine possible prenatal hormonal influences on anthropometric traits, we compared mean height, body mass index (BMI), and the prevalence of being overweight or obese between men and women from OS and SS dizygotic twin pairs. Methods: The data were derived from the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins) database, and included 68,494 SS and 53,808 OS dizygotic twin individuals above the age of 20 years from 31 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. Zygosity was determined by questionnaires or DNA genotyping depending on the study. Multiple regression and logistic regression models adjusted for cohort, age, and birth year with the twin type as a predictor were carried out to compare height and BMI in twins from OS pairs with those from SS pairs and to calculate the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for being overweight or obese. Results: OS females were, on average, 0.31 cm (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.20, 0.41) taller than SS females. OS males were also, on average, taller than SS males, but this difference was only 0.14 cm (95% CI 0.02, 0.27). Mean BMI and the prevalence of overweight or obesity did not differ between males and females from SS and OS twin pairs. The statistically significant differences between OS and SS twins for height were small and appeared to reflect our large sample size rather than meaningful differences of public health relevance. Conclusions: We found no evidence to support the hypothesis that prenatal hormonal exposure or postnatal socialization (i.e., having grown up with a twin of the opposite sex) has a major impact on height and BMI in adulthood.

Published
2017

12. Prevalencia de VIH entre las personas de ocho ciudades españolas que se realizan la serología tras exposiciones heterosexuales, 1992-2003

Author

Barrasa, A., Castilla Catalán, Jesús, Romero, Jorge del, Varela, José Antonio, Pueyo, Isabel, Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Balaguer, Jordi, Armas, C. de, Ureña, J. M., Bru, F. J., Sáez de Vicuña, L. M., Barrasa, A., Castilla Catalán, Jesús, Romero, Jorge del, Varela, José Antonio, Pueyo, Isabel, Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Balaguer, Jordi, Armas, C. de, Ureña, J. M., Bru, F. J., and Sáez de Vicuña, L. M.

Abstract

Fundamento: La epidemia de infecciones por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en España se caracterizó durante los primeros años por el predominio de casos en personas usuarias de drogas inyectadas, pero en la actualidad todo parece apuntar a un progresivo predominio de la transmisión sexual. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la evolución en la prevalencia de VIH en varios grupos de población heterosexual y caracterizar las situaciones en las que se produjeron las infecciones.

Published
2004

13. Prevalencia de VIH entre las personas de ocho ciudades españolas que se realizan la serología tras exposiciones heterosexuales, 1992-2003

Author

Barrasa, A., Castilla Catalán, Jesús, Romero, Jorge del, Varela, José Antonio, Pueyo, Isabel, Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Balaguer, Jordi, Armas, C. de, Ureña, J. M., Bru, F. J., Sáez de Vicuña, L. M., Barrasa, A., Castilla Catalán, Jesús, Romero, Jorge del, Varela, José Antonio, Pueyo, Isabel, Ordoñana Martín, Juan Ramón, Balaguer, Jordi, Armas, C. de, Ureña, J. M., Bru, F. J., and Sáez de Vicuña, L. M.

Abstract

Fundamento: La epidemia de infecciones por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en España se caracterizó durante los primeros años por el predominio de casos en personas usuarias de drogas inyectadas, pero en la actualidad todo parece apuntar a un progresivo predominio de la transmisión sexual. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la evolución en la prevalencia de VIH en varios grupos de población heterosexual y caracterizar las situaciones en las que se produjeron las infecciones.

Published
2004

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