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144 results on '"Mori, Akira"'

1. Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally

Author: Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Smith, Melinda D., Wilkins, Kate D., Holdrege, Martin C., Wilfahrt, Peter, Collins, Scott L., Knapp, Alan K., Sala, Osvaldo, Dukes, Jeffrey S., Phillips, Richard P., Yahdjian, Laura, Gherardi, Laureano A., An, Hui, Anacker, Brian, Anderson, Maggie, Auge, Harald, Bachle, Seton, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Batbaatar, Amgaa, Bauerle, Taryn, Beard, Karen H., Loydi, Alejandro, Behn, Kai, Beil, Ilka, Biancari, Lucio, Blindow, Irmgard, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, Borer, Elizabeth T., Bork, Edward W., Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, Byrne, Kerry M., Cahill Jr., James F., Luan, Junwei, Calvo, Dianela A., Carbognani, Michele, Cardoni, Augusto, Carlyle, Cameron N., Castillo-Garcia, Miguel, Chang, Scott X., Chieppa, Jeff, Cianciaruso, Marcus V., Cohen, Ofer, Cordeiro, Amanda L., Lubbe, Frederick Curtis, Cusack, Daniela F., Dahlke, Sven, Daleo, Pedro, D'Antonio, Carla M., Dietterich, Lee H., Doherty, Tim S., Dubbert, Maren, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fischer, Felícia M., Macfarlane, Craig, Forte, T'ai G.W., Gebauer, Tobias, Gozalo, Beatriz, Greenville, Aaron C., Guidoni-Martins, Karlo G., Hannusch, Heather J., Haugum, Siri Vatsø, Hautier, Yann, Hefting, Mariet, Henry, Hugh A.L., Mackie-Haas, Kathleen, Hoss, Daniela, Ingrisch, Johannes, Iribarne, Oscar, Isbell, Forest, Johnson, Yari, Jordan, Samuel, Kelly, Eugene F., Kimmel, Kaitlin, Kreyling, Juergen, Kröel-Dulay, György, Malyshev, Andrey V., Kröpfl, Alicia, Kübert, Angelika, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Lamb, Eric G., Larsen, Klaus Steenberg, Larson, Julie, Lawson, Jason, Leder, Cintia V., Linstädter, Anja, Liu, Jielin, Maturano-Ruiz, Adrián, Liu, Shirong, Lodge, Alexandra G., Longo, Grisel, Merchant, Thomas, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Mori, Akira S., Ohlert, Timothy, Mudongo, Edwin, Newman, Gregory S., Nielsen, Uffe N., Nimmo, Dale, Niu, Yujie, Nobre, Paola, O'Connor, Rory C., Ogaya, Romà, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Orbán, Ildikó, Beier, Claus, Osborne, Brooke, Otfinowski, Rafael, Pärtel, Meelis, Peñuelas Reixach, Josep, Peri, Pablo L., Peter, Guadalupe, Petraglia, Alessandro, Picon-Cochard, Catherine, Pillar, Valério D., Piñeiro-Guerra, Juan Manuel, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Ploughe, Laura W., Plowes, Robert M., Portales-Reyes, Cristy, Prober, Suzanne M., Pueyo, Yolanda, Reed, Sasha C., Ritchie, Euan G., Rodríguez, Dana Aylén, Rogers, William E., Roscher, Christiane, Jentsch, Anke, Sánchez, Ana M., Santos, Bráulio A., Scarfó, María Cecilia, Seabloom, Eric W., Shi, Baoku, Souza, Lara, Stampfli, Andreas, Standish, Rachel J., Sternberg, Marcelo, Sun, Wei, Loik, Michael E., Sünnemann, Marie, Tedder, Michelle, Thorvaldsen, Pål, Tian, Dashuan, Tielbörger, Katja, Valdecantos, Alejandro, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vankoughnett, Mathew R., Velle, Liv Guri, Maestre, Fernando T., Wang, Changhui, Wang, Yi, Wardle, Glenda M., Werner, Christiane, Wei, Cunzheng, Wiehl, Georg, Williams, Jennifer L., Wolf, Amelia A., Zeiter, Michaela, Zhang, Fawei, Power, Sally A., Zhu, Juntao, Zong, Ning, Zuo, Xiaoan, Yu, Qiang, Felton, Andrew J., Munson, Seth M., Luo, Yiqi, Abdoli, Hamed, Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepción L., Alberti, Juan, Alon, Moshe, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef", Smith, Melinda D., Wilkins, Kate D., Holdrege, Martin C., Wilfahrt, Peter, Collins, Scott L., Knapp, Alan K., Sala, Osvaldo, Dukes, Jeffrey S., Phillips, Richard P., Yahdjian, Laura, Gherardi, Laureano A., An, Hui, Anacker, Brian, Anderson, Maggie, Auge, Harald, Bachle, Seton, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Batbaatar, Amgaa, Bauerle, Taryn, Beard, Karen H., Loydi, Alejandro, Behn, Kai, Beil, Ilka, Biancari, Lucio, Blindow, Irmgard, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, Borer, Elizabeth T., Bork, Edward W., Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, Byrne, Kerry M., Cahill Jr., James F., Luan, Junwei, Calvo, Dianela A., Carbognani, Michele, Cardoni, Augusto, Carlyle, Cameron N., Castillo-Garcia, Miguel, Chang, Scott X., Chieppa, Jeff, Cianciaruso, Marcus V., Cohen, Ofer, Cordeiro, Amanda L., Lubbe, Frederick Curtis, Cusack, Daniela F., Dahlke, Sven, Daleo, Pedro, D'Antonio, Carla M., Dietterich, Lee H., Doherty, Tim S., Dubbert, Maren, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fischer, Felícia M., Macfarlane, Craig, Forte, T'ai G.W., Gebauer, Tobias, Gozalo, Beatriz, Greenville, Aaron C., Guidoni-Martins, Karlo G., Hannusch, Heather J., Haugum, Siri Vatsø, Hautier, Yann, Hefting, Mariet, Henry, Hugh A.L., Mackie-Haas, Kathleen, Hoss, Daniela, Ingrisch, Johannes, Iribarne, Oscar, Isbell, Forest, Johnson, Yari, Jordan, Samuel, Kelly, Eugene F., Kimmel, Kaitlin, Kreyling, Juergen, Kröel-Dulay, György, Malyshev, Andrey V., Kröpfl, Alicia, Kübert, Angelika, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Lamb, Eric G., Larsen, Klaus Steenberg, Larson, Julie, Lawson, Jason, Leder, Cintia V., Linstädter, Anja, Liu, Jielin, Maturano-Ruiz, Adrián, Liu, Shirong, Lodge, Alexandra G., Longo, Grisel, Merchant, Thomas, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Mori, Akira S., Ohlert, Timothy, Mudongo, Edwin, Newman, Gregory S., Nielsen, Uffe N., Nimmo, Dale, Niu, Yujie, Nobre, Paola, O'Connor, Rory C., Ogaya, Romà, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Orbán, Ildikó, Beier, Claus, Osborne, Brooke, Otfinowski, Rafael, Pärtel, Meelis, Peñuelas Reixach, Josep, Peri, Pablo L., Peter, Guadalupe, Petraglia, Alessandro, Picon-Cochard, Catherine, Pillar, Valério D., Piñeiro-Guerra, Juan Manuel, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Ploughe, Laura W., Plowes, Robert M., Portales-Reyes, Cristy, Prober, Suzanne M., Pueyo, Yolanda, Reed, Sasha C., Ritchie, Euan G., Rodríguez, Dana Aylén, Rogers, William E., Roscher, Christiane, Jentsch, Anke, Sánchez, Ana M., Santos, Bráulio A., Scarfó, María Cecilia, Seabloom, Eric W., Shi, Baoku, Souza, Lara, Stampfli, Andreas, Standish, Rachel J., Sternberg, Marcelo, Sun, Wei, Loik, Michael E., Sünnemann, Marie, Tedder, Michelle, Thorvaldsen, Pål, Tian, Dashuan, Tielbörger, Katja, Valdecantos, Alejandro, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vankoughnett, Mathew R., Velle, Liv Guri, Maestre, Fernando T., Wang, Changhui, Wang, Yi, Wardle, Glenda M., Werner, Christiane, Wei, Cunzheng, Wiehl, Georg, Williams, Jennifer L., Wolf, Amelia A., Zeiter, Michaela, Zhang, Fawei, Power, Sally A., Zhu, Juntao, Zong, Ning, Zuo, Xiaoan, Yu, Qiang, Felton, Andrew J., Munson, Seth M., Luo, Yiqi, Abdoli, Hamed, Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepción L., Alberti, Juan, and Alon, Moshe
Abstract: Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events—the most common duration of drought—globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed ~a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function—aboveground net primary production (ANPP)—was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought.
Published: 2024

2. Decoupled phylogenetic and functional diversity in European grasslands

Author: Večeřa, Martin, Axmanová, Irena, Chytrý, Milan, Divíšek, Jan, Ndiribe, Charlotte, Velasco Mones, Gonzalo, Čeplová, Natálie, Aćić, Svetlana, Bahn, Michael, Bergamini, Ariel, Boenisch, Gerhard, Biurrun, Idoia, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., Dengler, Jürgen, Jansen, Florian, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Kozub, Łukasz, Kuzemko, Anna, Minden, Vanessa, Mitchell, Rachel M., Moeslund, Jesper E., Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Ülo, Ruprecht, Eszter, Rūsiņa, Solvita, Šilc, Urban, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., van Bodegom, Peter M., Vassilev, Kiril, Weiher, Evan, Wright, Ian J., Lososová, Zdeňka, Večeřa, Martin, Axmanová, Irena, Chytrý, Milan, Divíšek, Jan, Ndiribe, Charlotte, Velasco Mones, Gonzalo, Čeplová, Natálie, Aćić, Svetlana, Bahn, Michael, Bergamini, Ariel, Boenisch, Gerhard, Biurrun, Idoia, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., Dengler, Jürgen, Jansen, Florian, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Kozub, Łukasz, Kuzemko, Anna, Minden, Vanessa, Mitchell, Rachel M., Moeslund, Jesper E., Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Ülo, Ruprecht, Eszter, Rūsiņa, Solvita, Šilc, Urban, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., van Bodegom, Peter M., Vassilev, Kiril, Weiher, Evan, Wright, Ian J., and Lososová, Zdeňka
Abstract: The relationship between phylogenetic diversity (PD) and functional diversity (FD) is important for understanding the mechanisms of community assembly. The traditional view assumes a coupled (positively correlated) relationship between these two diversity measures, suggesting that competitive exclusion and environmental filtering are important drivers of both phylogenetic and functional structure of communities. In contrast, there is evidence that communities might deviate from this pattern, exhibiting either phylogenetic overdispersion connected with trait convergence (decoupled PD) or functional overdispersion connected with phylogenetic clustering (decoupled FD). In this study, we examined the relationship between PD and FD within vascular-plant communities in European grasslands, focusing on decoupled PD-FD patterns. We hypothesized that the decoupled patterns are connected with past or current environmental changes and are rarer in comparison with the coupled PD-FD pattern, reflecting long-term relatively stable environments. We used 81,484 plots (communities) of European dry, mesic, wet and alpine grasslands, containing 4,119 angiosperm species, and data on six functional traits relevant for different plant functions and habitats (plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen content, seed mass and lateral spreading distance). Functional diversity was evaluated in two ways – as a single combined measure and as variability in each trait separately. We found various PD-FD patterns across different habitats, traits and regions, with the coupled pattern widespread but not universal. In many communities, we detected the tendency towards decoupled PD, likely caused by environmental filtering of phylogenetically diverse species pools. This was most pronounced in dry grasslands, and also in wet and alpine grasslands when FD based on plant height, leaf area or seed mass was considered. In contrast, the tendency towards decoupled FD was detected only in mes
Published: 2024

3. Hill–Chao numbers allow decomposing gamma multifunctionality into alpha and beta components

Author: Chao, Anne, Chiu, Chun Huo, Hu, Kai Hsiang, van der Plas, Fons, Cadotte, Marc W., Mitesser, Oliver, Thorn, Simon, Mori, Akira S., Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Eisenhauer, Nico, Bässler, Claus, Delory, Benjamin M., Feldhaar, Heike, Fichtner, Andreas, Hothorn, Torsten, Peters, Marcell K., Pierick, Kerstin, von Oheimb, Goddert, Müller, Jörg, Chao, Anne, Chiu, Chun Huo, Hu, Kai Hsiang, van der Plas, Fons, Cadotte, Marc W., Mitesser, Oliver, Thorn, Simon, Mori, Akira S., Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Eisenhauer, Nico, Bässler, Claus, Delory, Benjamin M., Feldhaar, Heike, Fichtner, Andreas, Hothorn, Torsten, Peters, Marcell K., Pierick, Kerstin, von Oheimb, Goddert, and Müller, Jörg
Abstract: Biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) research has provided strong evidence and mechanistic underpinnings to support positive effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning, from single to multiple functions. This research has provided knowledge gained mainly at the local alpha scale (i.e. within ecosystems), but the increasing homogenization of landscapes in the Anthropocene has raised the potential that declining biodiversity at the beta (across ecosystems) and gamma scales is likely to also impact ecosystem functioning. Drawing on biodiversity theory, we propose a new statistical framework based on Hill–Chao numbers. The framework allows decomposition of multifunctionality at gamma scales into alpha and beta components, a critical but hitherto missing tool in BEF research; it also allows weighting of individual ecosystem functions. Through the proposed decomposition, new BEF results for beta and gamma scales are discovered. Our novel approach is applicable across ecosystems and connects local- and landscape-scale BEF assessments from experiments to natural settings.
Published: 2024

4. Hill-Chao numbers allow decomposing gamma multifunctionality into alpha and beta components

Author: Chao, Anne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4364-8101, Chiu, Chun-Huo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7096-2278, Hu, Kai-Hsiang, van der Plas, Fons; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4680-543X, Cadotte, Marc W; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5816-7693, Mitesser, Oliver; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3607-877X, Thorn, Simon; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3062-3060, Mori, Akira S; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8422-1198, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9566-590X, Eisenhauer, Nico; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0371-6720, Bässler, Claus; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8177-8997, Delory, Benjamin M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1190-8060, Feldhaar, Heike; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6797-5126, Fichtner, Andreas; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0499-4893, Hothorn, Torsten; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8301-0471, Peters, Marcell K; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1262-0827, Pierick, Kerstin; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1313-4601, von Oheimb, Goddert; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7408-425X, Müller, Jörg; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1409-1586, Chao, Anne; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4364-8101, Chiu, Chun-Huo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7096-2278, Hu, Kai-Hsiang, van der Plas, Fons; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4680-543X, Cadotte, Marc W; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5816-7693, Mitesser, Oliver; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3607-877X, Thorn, Simon; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3062-3060, Mori, Akira S; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8422-1198, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9566-590X, Eisenhauer, Nico; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0371-6720, Bässler, Claus; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8177-8997, Delory, Benjamin M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1190-8060, Feldhaar, Heike; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6797-5126, Fichtner, Andreas; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0499-4893, Hothorn, Torsten; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8301-0471, Peters, Marcell K; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1262-0827, Pierick, Kerstin; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1313-4601, von Oheimb, Goddert; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7408-425X, and Müller, Jörg; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1409-1586
Abstract: Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) research has provided strong evidence and mechanistic underpinnings to support positive effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning, from single to multiple functions. This research has provided knowledge gained mainly at the local alpha scale (i.e. within ecosystems), but the increasing homogenization of landscapes in the Anthropocene has raised the potential that declining biodiversity at the beta (across ecosystems) and gamma scales is likely to also impact ecosystem functioning. Drawing on biodiversity theory, we propose a new statistical framework based on Hill-Chao numbers. The framework allows decomposition of multifunctionality at gamma scales into alpha and beta components, a critical but hitherto missing tool in BEF research; it also allows weighting of individual ecosystem functions. Through the proposed decomposition, new BEF results for beta and gamma scales are discovered. Our novel approach is applicable across ecosystems and connects local- and landscape-scale BEF assessments from experiments to natural settings.
Published: 2024

5. Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally

Author: Smith, Melinda D., Wilkins, Kate D., Holdrege, Martin C., Wilfahrt, Peter, Collins, Scott L., Knapp, Alan K., Sala, Osvaldo E., Dukes, Jeffrey S., Phillips, Richard P., Yahdjian, Laura, Gherardi, Laureano A., Ohlert, Timothy, Beier, Claus, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Jentsch, Anke, Loik, Michael E., Maestre, Fernando T., Power, Sally A., Yu, Qiang, Felton, Andrew J., Munson, Seth M., Luo, Yiqi, Abdoli, Hamed, Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepción L., Alberti, Juan, Alon, Moshe, An, Hui, Anacker, Brian, Anderson, Maggie, Auge, Harald, Bachle, Seton, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Batbaatar, Amgaa, Bauerle, Taryn, Beard, Karen H., Behn, Kai, Beil, Ilka, Biancari, Lucio, Blindow, Irmgard, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, Borer, Elizabeth T., Bork, Edward W., Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, Byrne, Kerry M., Cahill, James F., Calvo, Dianela A., Carbognani, Michele, Cardoni, Augusto, Carlyle, Cameron N., Castillo-Garcia, Miguel, Chang, Scott X., Chieppa, Jeff, Cianciaruso, Marcus V., Cohen, Ofer, Cordeiro, Amanda L., Cusack, Daniela F., Dahlke, Sven, Daleo, Pedro, D'Antonio, Carla M., Dietterich, Lee H., Doherty, Tim S., Dubbert, Maren, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fischer, Felícia M., Forte, Tai G.W., Gebauer, Tobias, Gozalo, Beatriz, Greenville, Aaron C., Guidoni-Martins, Karlo G., Hannusch, Heather J., Haugum, Siri Vatsø, Hautier, Yann, Hefting, Mariet, Henry, Hugh A.L., Hoss, Daniela, Iribarne, Oscar, Isbell, Forest, Johnson, Yari, Jordan, Samuel, Kelly, Eugene F., Kimmel, Kaitlin, Kreyling, Juergen, Kröel-Dulay, György, Ingrisch, Johannes, Kröpfl, Alicia, Kübert, Angelika, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Lamb, Eric G., Larsen, Klaus Steenberg, Larson, Julie, Leder, Cintia V., Linstädter, Anja, Liu, Jielin, Liu, Shirong, Lodge, Alexandra G., Longo, Grisel, Loydi, Alejandro, Luan, Junwei, Lawson, Jason, Lubbe, Frederick Curtis, Macfarlane, Craig, Mackie-Haas, Kathleen, Malyshev, Andrey V., Maturano-Ruiz, Adrián, Merchant, Thomas, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Mori, Akira S., Mudongo, Edwin, Newman, Gregory S., Nielsen, Uffe N., Nimmo, Dale, Niu, Yujie, Nobre, Paola, O'Connor, Rory C., Ogaya, Romà, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Orbán, Ildikó, Osborne, Brooke, Otfinowski, Rafael, Pärtel, Meelis, Penuelas, Josep, Peri, Pablo L., Peter, Guadalupe, Petraglia, Alessandro, Picon-Cochard, Catherine, Pillar, Valério D., Piñeiro-Guerra, Juan Manuel, Ploughe, Laura W., Plowes, Robert M., Portales-Reyes, Cristy, Prober, Suzanne M., Pueyo, Yolanda, Reed, Sasha C., Ritchie, Euan G., Rodríguez, Dana Aylén, Rogers, William E., Roscher, Christiane, Sánchez, Ana M., Santos, Bráulio A., Scarfó, María Cecilia, Seabloom, Eric W., Shi, Baoku, Souza, Lara, Stampfli, Andreas, Standish, Rachel J., Sternberg, Marcelo, Sun, Wei, Sünnemann, Marie, Tedder, Michelle, Thorvaldsen, Pål, Tian, Dashuan, Tielbörger, Katja, Valdecantos, Alejandro, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vankoughnett, Mathew R., Velle, Liv Guri, Wang, Changhui, Wang, Yi, Wardle, Glenda M., Werner, Christiane, Wei, Cunzheng, Wiehl, Georg, Williams, Jennifer L., Wolf, Amelia A., Zeiter, Michaela, Zhang, Fawei, Zhu, Juntao, Zong, Ning, Zuo, Xiaoan, Smith, Melinda D., Wilkins, Kate D., Holdrege, Martin C., Wilfahrt, Peter, Collins, Scott L., Knapp, Alan K., Sala, Osvaldo E., Dukes, Jeffrey S., Phillips, Richard P., Yahdjian, Laura, Gherardi, Laureano A., Ohlert, Timothy, Beier, Claus, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Jentsch, Anke, Loik, Michael E., Maestre, Fernando T., Power, Sally A., Yu, Qiang, Felton, Andrew J., Munson, Seth M., Luo, Yiqi, Abdoli, Hamed, Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepción L., Alberti, Juan, Alon, Moshe, An, Hui, Anacker, Brian, Anderson, Maggie, Auge, Harald, Bachle, Seton, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Batbaatar, Amgaa, Bauerle, Taryn, Beard, Karen H., Behn, Kai, Beil, Ilka, Biancari, Lucio, Blindow, Irmgard, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, Borer, Elizabeth T., Bork, Edward W., Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, Byrne, Kerry M., Cahill, James F., Calvo, Dianela A., Carbognani, Michele, Cardoni, Augusto, Carlyle, Cameron N., Castillo-Garcia, Miguel, Chang, Scott X., Chieppa, Jeff, Cianciaruso, Marcus V., Cohen, Ofer, Cordeiro, Amanda L., Cusack, Daniela F., Dahlke, Sven, Daleo, Pedro, D'Antonio, Carla M., Dietterich, Lee H., Doherty, Tim S., Dubbert, Maren, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fischer, Felícia M., Forte, Tai G.W., Gebauer, Tobias, Gozalo, Beatriz, Greenville, Aaron C., Guidoni-Martins, Karlo G., Hannusch, Heather J., Haugum, Siri Vatsø, Hautier, Yann, Hefting, Mariet, Henry, Hugh A.L., Hoss, Daniela, Iribarne, Oscar, Isbell, Forest, Johnson, Yari, Jordan, Samuel, Kelly, Eugene F., Kimmel, Kaitlin, Kreyling, Juergen, Kröel-Dulay, György, Ingrisch, Johannes, Kröpfl, Alicia, Kübert, Angelika, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Lamb, Eric G., Larsen, Klaus Steenberg, Larson, Julie, Leder, Cintia V., Linstädter, Anja, Liu, Jielin, Liu, Shirong, Lodge, Alexandra G., Longo, Grisel, Loydi, Alejandro, Luan, Junwei, Lawson, Jason, Lubbe, Frederick Curtis, Macfarlane, Craig, Mackie-Haas, Kathleen, Malyshev, Andrey V., Maturano-Ruiz, Adrián, Merchant, Thomas, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Mori, Akira S., Mudongo, Edwin, Newman, Gregory S., Nielsen, Uffe N., Nimmo, Dale, Niu, Yujie, Nobre, Paola, O'Connor, Rory C., Ogaya, Romà, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Orbán, Ildikó, Osborne, Brooke, Otfinowski, Rafael, Pärtel, Meelis, Penuelas, Josep, Peri, Pablo L., Peter, Guadalupe, Petraglia, Alessandro, Picon-Cochard, Catherine, Pillar, Valério D., Piñeiro-Guerra, Juan Manuel, Ploughe, Laura W., Plowes, Robert M., Portales-Reyes, Cristy, Prober, Suzanne M., Pueyo, Yolanda, Reed, Sasha C., Ritchie, Euan G., Rodríguez, Dana Aylén, Rogers, William E., Roscher, Christiane, Sánchez, Ana M., Santos, Bráulio A., Scarfó, María Cecilia, Seabloom, Eric W., Shi, Baoku, Souza, Lara, Stampfli, Andreas, Standish, Rachel J., Sternberg, Marcelo, Sun, Wei, Sünnemann, Marie, Tedder, Michelle, Thorvaldsen, Pål, Tian, Dashuan, Tielbörger, Katja, Valdecantos, Alejandro, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vankoughnett, Mathew R., Velle, Liv Guri, Wang, Changhui, Wang, Yi, Wardle, Glenda M., Werner, Christiane, Wei, Cunzheng, Wiehl, Georg, Williams, Jennifer L., Wolf, Amelia A., Zeiter, Michaela, Zhang, Fawei, Zhu, Juntao, Zong, Ning, and Zuo, Xiaoan
Abstract: Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events—the most common duration of drought—globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed ~a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function—aboveground net primary production (ANPP)—was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought., Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events—the most common duration of drought—globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed ~a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function—aboveground net primary production (ANPP)—was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought.
Published: 2024

6. Extreme drought impacts have been underestimated in grasslands and shrublands globally

Author: Smith, Melinda D., Wilkins, Kate D., Holdrege, Martin C., Wilfahrt, Peter, Collins, Scott L., Knapp, Alan K., Sala, Osvaldo E., Dukes, Jeffrey S., Phillips, Richard P., Yahdjian, Laura, Gherardi, Laureano A., Ohlert, Timothy, Beier, Claus, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Jentsch, Anke, Loik, Michael E., Maestre, Fernando T., Power, Sally A., Yu, Qiang, Felton, Andrew J., Munson, Seth M., Luo, Yiqi, Abdoli, Hamed, Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepción L., Alberti, Juan, Alon, Moshe, An, Hui, Anacker, Brian, Anderson, Maggie, Auge, Harald, Bachle, Seton, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Batbaatar, Amgaa, Bauerle, Taryn, Beard, Karen H., Behn, Kai, Beil, Ilka, Biancari, Lucio, Blindow, Irmgard, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, Borer, Elizabeth T., Bork, Edward W., Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, Byrne, Kerry M., Cahill, James F., Calvo, Dianela A., Carbognani, Michele, Cardoni, Augusto, Carlyle, Cameron N., Castillo-Garcia, Miguel, Chang, Scott X., Chieppa, Jeff, Cianciaruso, Marcus V., Cohen, Ofer, Cordeiro, Amanda L., Cusack, Daniela F., Dahlke, Sven, Daleo, Pedro, D'Antonio, Carla M., Dietterich, Lee H., Doherty, Tim S., Dubbert, Maren, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fischer, Felícia M., Forte, Tai G.W., Gebauer, Tobias, Gozalo, Beatriz, Greenville, Aaron C., Guidoni-Martins, Karlo G., Hannusch, Heather J., Haugum, Siri Vatsø, Hautier, Yann, Hefting, Mariet, Henry, Hugh A.L., Hoss, Daniela, Iribarne, Oscar, Isbell, Forest, Johnson, Yari, Jordan, Samuel, Kelly, Eugene F., Kimmel, Kaitlin, Kreyling, Juergen, Kröel-Dulay, György, Ingrisch, Johannes, Kröpfl, Alicia, Kübert, Angelika, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Lamb, Eric G., Larsen, Klaus Steenberg, Larson, Julie, Leder, Cintia V., Linstädter, Anja, Liu, Jielin, Liu, Shirong, Lodge, Alexandra G., Longo, Grisel, Loydi, Alejandro, Luan, Junwei, Lawson, Jason, Lubbe, Frederick Curtis, Macfarlane, Craig, Mackie-Haas, Kathleen, Malyshev, Andrey V., Maturano-Ruiz, Adrián, Merchant, Thomas, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Mori, Akira S., Mudongo, Edwin, Newman, Gregory S., Nielsen, Uffe N., Nimmo, Dale, Niu, Yujie, Nobre, Paola, O'Connor, Rory C., Ogaya, Romà, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Orbán, Ildikó, Osborne, Brooke, Otfinowski, Rafael, Pärtel, Meelis, Penuelas, Josep, Peri, Pablo L., Peter, Guadalupe, Petraglia, Alessandro, Picon-Cochard, Catherine, Pillar, Valério D., Piñeiro-Guerra, Juan Manuel, Ploughe, Laura W., Plowes, Robert M., Portales-Reyes, Cristy, Prober, Suzanne M., Pueyo, Yolanda, Reed, Sasha C., Ritchie, Euan G., Rodríguez, Dana Aylén, Rogers, William E., Roscher, Christiane, Sánchez, Ana M., Santos, Bráulio A., Scarfó, María Cecilia, Seabloom, Eric W., Shi, Baoku, Souza, Lara, Stampfli, Andreas, Standish, Rachel J., Sternberg, Marcelo, Sun, Wei, Sünnemann, Marie, Tedder, Michelle, Thorvaldsen, Pål, Tian, Dashuan, Tielbörger, Katja, Valdecantos, Alejandro, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vankoughnett, Mathew R., Velle, Liv Guri, Wang, Changhui, Wang, Yi, Wardle, Glenda M., Werner, Christiane, Wei, Cunzheng, Wiehl, Georg, Williams, Jennifer L., Wolf, Amelia A., Zeiter, Michaela, Zhang, Fawei, Zhu, Juntao, Zong, Ning, Zuo, Xiaoan, Smith, Melinda D., Wilkins, Kate D., Holdrege, Martin C., Wilfahrt, Peter, Collins, Scott L., Knapp, Alan K., Sala, Osvaldo E., Dukes, Jeffrey S., Phillips, Richard P., Yahdjian, Laura, Gherardi, Laureano A., Ohlert, Timothy, Beier, Claus, Fraser, Lauchlan H., Jentsch, Anke, Loik, Michael E., Maestre, Fernando T., Power, Sally A., Yu, Qiang, Felton, Andrew J., Munson, Seth M., Luo, Yiqi, Abdoli, Hamed, Abedi, Mehdi, Alados, Concepción L., Alberti, Juan, Alon, Moshe, An, Hui, Anacker, Brian, Anderson, Maggie, Auge, Harald, Bachle, Seton, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Batbaatar, Amgaa, Bauerle, Taryn, Beard, Karen H., Behn, Kai, Beil, Ilka, Biancari, Lucio, Blindow, Irmgard, Bondaruk, Viviana Florencia, Borer, Elizabeth T., Bork, Edward W., Bruschetti, Carlos Martin, Byrne, Kerry M., Cahill, James F., Calvo, Dianela A., Carbognani, Michele, Cardoni, Augusto, Carlyle, Cameron N., Castillo-Garcia, Miguel, Chang, Scott X., Chieppa, Jeff, Cianciaruso, Marcus V., Cohen, Ofer, Cordeiro, Amanda L., Cusack, Daniela F., Dahlke, Sven, Daleo, Pedro, D'Antonio, Carla M., Dietterich, Lee H., Doherty, Tim S., Dubbert, Maren, Ebeling, Anne, Eisenhauer, Nico, Fischer, Felícia M., Forte, Tai G.W., Gebauer, Tobias, Gozalo, Beatriz, Greenville, Aaron C., Guidoni-Martins, Karlo G., Hannusch, Heather J., Haugum, Siri Vatsø, Hautier, Yann, Hefting, Mariet, Henry, Hugh A.L., Hoss, Daniela, Iribarne, Oscar, Isbell, Forest, Johnson, Yari, Jordan, Samuel, Kelly, Eugene F., Kimmel, Kaitlin, Kreyling, Juergen, Kröel-Dulay, György, Ingrisch, Johannes, Kröpfl, Alicia, Kübert, Angelika, Kulmatiski, Andrew, Lamb, Eric G., Larsen, Klaus Steenberg, Larson, Julie, Leder, Cintia V., Linstädter, Anja, Liu, Jielin, Liu, Shirong, Lodge, Alexandra G., Longo, Grisel, Loydi, Alejandro, Luan, Junwei, Lawson, Jason, Lubbe, Frederick Curtis, Macfarlane, Craig, Mackie-Haas, Kathleen, Malyshev, Andrey V., Maturano-Ruiz, Adrián, Merchant, Thomas, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Mori, Akira S., Mudongo, Edwin, Newman, Gregory S., Nielsen, Uffe N., Nimmo, Dale, Niu, Yujie, Nobre, Paola, O'Connor, Rory C., Ogaya, Romà, Oñatibia, Gastón R., Orbán, Ildikó, Osborne, Brooke, Otfinowski, Rafael, Pärtel, Meelis, Penuelas, Josep, Peri, Pablo L., Peter, Guadalupe, Petraglia, Alessandro, Picon-Cochard, Catherine, Pillar, Valério D., Piñeiro-Guerra, Juan Manuel, Ploughe, Laura W., Plowes, Robert M., Portales-Reyes, Cristy, Prober, Suzanne M., Pueyo, Yolanda, Reed, Sasha C., Ritchie, Euan G., Rodríguez, Dana Aylén, Rogers, William E., Roscher, Christiane, Sánchez, Ana M., Santos, Bráulio A., Scarfó, María Cecilia, Seabloom, Eric W., Shi, Baoku, Souza, Lara, Stampfli, Andreas, Standish, Rachel J., Sternberg, Marcelo, Sun, Wei, Sünnemann, Marie, Tedder, Michelle, Thorvaldsen, Pål, Tian, Dashuan, Tielbörger, Katja, Valdecantos, Alejandro, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vankoughnett, Mathew R., Velle, Liv Guri, Wang, Changhui, Wang, Yi, Wardle, Glenda M., Werner, Christiane, Wei, Cunzheng, Wiehl, Georg, Williams, Jennifer L., Wolf, Amelia A., Zeiter, Michaela, Zhang, Fawei, Zhu, Juntao, Zong, Ning, and Zuo, Xiaoan
Abstract: Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events—the most common duration of drought—globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed ~a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function—aboveground net primary production (ANPP)—was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought., Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of short-term (~1 y) drought events—the most common duration of drought—globally. Yet the impact of this intensification of drought on ecosystem functioning remains poorly resolved. This is due in part to the widely disparate approaches ecologists have employed to study drought, variation in the severity and duration of drought studied, and differences among ecosystems in vegetation, edaphic and climatic attributes that can mediate drought impacts. To overcome these problems and better identify the factors that modulate drought responses, we used a coordinated distributed experiment to quantify the impact of short-term drought on grassland and shrubland ecosystems. With a standardized approach, we imposed ~a single year of drought at 100 sites on six continents. Here we show that loss of a foundational ecosystem function—aboveground net primary production (ANPP)—was 60% greater at sites that experienced statistically extreme drought (1-in-100-y event) vs. those sites where drought was nominal (historically more common) in magnitude (35% vs. 21%, respectively). This reduction in a key carbon cycle process with a single year of extreme drought greatly exceeds previously reported losses for grasslands and shrublands. Our global experiment also revealed high variability in drought response but that relative reductions in ANPP were greater in drier ecosystems and those with fewer plant species. Overall, our results demonstrate with unprecedented rigor that the global impacts of projected increases in drought severity have been significantly underestimated and that drier and less diverse sites are likely to be most vulnerable to extreme drought.
Published: 2024

7. Publisher Correction: Clarifying the effect of biodiversity on productivity in natural ecosystems with longitudinal data and methods for causal inference (Nature Communications, (2023), 14, 1, (2607), 10.1038/s41467-023-37194-5)

Author: Dee, Laura E, Ferraro, Paul J, Severen, Christopher N, Kimmel, Kaitlin A, Borer, Elizabeth T, Byrnes, Jarrett E K, Clark, Adam Thomas, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andrew, Raynaud, Xavier, Reich, Peter B, Wright, Alexandra J, Arnillas, Carlos A, Davies, Kendi F, MacDougall, Andrew, Mori, Akira S, Smith, Melinda D, Adler, Peter B, Bakker, Jonathan D, Brauman, Kate A, Cowles, Jane, Komatsu, Kimberly, Knops, Johannes M H, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Ohlert, Timothy, Power, Sally A, Sullivan, Lauren L, Stevens, Carly, Loreau, Michel, Dee, Laura E, Ferraro, Paul J, Severen, Christopher N, Kimmel, Kaitlin A, Borer, Elizabeth T, Byrnes, Jarrett E K, Clark, Adam Thomas, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andrew, Raynaud, Xavier, Reich, Peter B, Wright, Alexandra J, Arnillas, Carlos A, Davies, Kendi F, MacDougall, Andrew, Mori, Akira S, Smith, Melinda D, Adler, Peter B, Bakker, Jonathan D, Brauman, Kate A, Cowles, Jane, Komatsu, Kimberly, Knops, Johannes M H, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Ohlert, Timothy, Power, Sally A, Sullivan, Lauren L, Stevens, Carly, and Loreau, Michel
Abstract: The original version of this Article contained errors in the Methods section ‘Target causal effect’, in which terms were omitted from the mathematical definitions of the causal effect and average causal effect. These sentences incorrectly read “The causal effect of a change in richness from R′ to R″ on productivity P in plot i is defined as [(R″) − (R′)], where Pi(R″) is the potential productivity outcome when R = R″ and P(R′) is the potential productivity outcome when R = R′ (R′ ≠ R″).” and “The average causal effect of a change in biodiversity from R′ to R″ across all plots is [(R″) − P(R′)], where E[·] is the expectation operator.”. The correct version states “[Pi(R′′) − Pi(R′)]” in place of “[(R″) − (R′)]”, “Pi (R′)” in place of “P (R′)”, and “E[Pi(R′′) − Pi(R′)]” in place of “[(R″) − P(R′)]”. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Published: 2023

8. Clarifying the effect of biodiversity on productivity in natural ecosystems with longitudinal data and methods for causal inference

Author: Dee, Laura E, Ferraro, Paul J, Severen, Christopher N, Kimmel, Kaitlin A, Borer, Elizabeth T, Byrnes, Jarrett E K, Clark, Adam Thomas, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andrew, Raynaud, Xavier, Reich, Peter B, Wright, Alexandra J, Arnillas, Carlos A, Davies, Kendi F, MacDougall, Andrew, Mori, Akira S, Smith, Melinda D, Adler, Peter B, Bakker, Jonathan D, Brauman, Kate A, Cowles, Jane, Komatsu, Kimberly, Knops, Johannes M H, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Ohlert, Timothy, Power, Sally A, Sullivan, Lauren L, Stevens, Carly, Loreau, Michel, Dee, Laura E, Ferraro, Paul J, Severen, Christopher N, Kimmel, Kaitlin A, Borer, Elizabeth T, Byrnes, Jarrett E K, Clark, Adam Thomas, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andrew, Raynaud, Xavier, Reich, Peter B, Wright, Alexandra J, Arnillas, Carlos A, Davies, Kendi F, MacDougall, Andrew, Mori, Akira S, Smith, Melinda D, Adler, Peter B, Bakker, Jonathan D, Brauman, Kate A, Cowles, Jane, Komatsu, Kimberly, Knops, Johannes M H, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Ohlert, Timothy, Power, Sally A, Sullivan, Lauren L, Stevens, Carly, and Loreau, Michel
Abstract: Causal effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functions can be estimated using experimental or observational designs - designs that pose a tradeoff between drawing credible causal inferences from correlations and drawing generalizable inferences. Here, we develop a design that reduces this tradeoff and revisits the question of how plant species diversity affects productivity. Our design leverages longitudinal data from 43 grasslands in 11 countries and approaches borrowed from fields outside of ecology to draw causal inferences from observational data. Contrary to many prior studies, we estimate that increases in plot-level species richness caused productivity to decline: a 10% increase in richness decreased productivity by 2.4%, 95% CI [-4.1, -0.74]. This contradiction stems from two sources. First, prior observational studies incompletely control for confounding factors. Second, most experiments plant fewer rare and non-native species than exist in nature. Although increases in native, dominant species increased productivity, increases in rare and non-native species decreased productivity, making the average effect negative in our study. By reducing the tradeoff between experimental and observational designs, our study demonstrates how observational studies can complement prior ecological experiments and inform future ones.
Published: 2023

9. Expert perspectives on global biodiversity loss and its drivers and impacts on people

Author: Isbell, Forest, Balvanera, Patricia, Mori, Akira S., He, Jin Sheng, Bullock, James M., Regmi, Ganga Ram, Seabloom, Eric W., Ferrier, Simon, Sala, Osvaldo E., Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R., Tavella, Julia, Larkin, Daniel J., Schmid, Bernhard, Outhwaite, Charlotte L., Pramual, Pairot, Borer, Elizabeth T., Loreau, Michel, Omotoriogun, Taiwo Crossby, Obura, David O., Anderson, Maggie, Portales-Reyes, Cristina, Kirkman, Kevin, Vergara, Pablo M., Clark, Adam Thomas, Komatsu, Kimberly J., Petchey, Owen L., Weiskopf, Sarah R., Williams, Laura J., Collins, Scott L., Eisenhauer, Nico, Trisos, Christopher H., Renard, Delphine, Wright, Alexandra J., Tripathi, Poonam, Cowles, Jane, Byrnes, Jarrett E.K., Reich, Peter B., Purvis, Andy, Sharip, Zati, O’Connor, Mary I., Kazanski, Clare E., Haddad, Nick M., Soto, Eulogio H., Dee, Laura E., Díaz, Sandra, Zirbel, Chad R., Avolio, Meghan L., Wang, Shaopeng, Ma, Zhiyuan, Liang, Jingjing, Farah, Hanan C., Johnson, Justin Andrew, Miller, Brian W., Hautier, Yann, Smith, Melinda D., Knops, Johannes M.H., Myers, Bonnie J.E., Harmáčková, Zuzana V., Cortés, Jorge, Harfoot, Michael B.J., Gonzalez, Andrew, Newbold, Tim, Oehri, Jacqueline, Mazón, Marina, Dobbs, Cynnamon, Palmer, Meredith S., Isbell, Forest, Balvanera, Patricia, Mori, Akira S., He, Jin Sheng, Bullock, James M., Regmi, Ganga Ram, Seabloom, Eric W., Ferrier, Simon, Sala, Osvaldo E., Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R., Tavella, Julia, Larkin, Daniel J., Schmid, Bernhard, Outhwaite, Charlotte L., Pramual, Pairot, Borer, Elizabeth T., Loreau, Michel, Omotoriogun, Taiwo Crossby, Obura, David O., Anderson, Maggie, Portales-Reyes, Cristina, Kirkman, Kevin, Vergara, Pablo M., Clark, Adam Thomas, Komatsu, Kimberly J., Petchey, Owen L., Weiskopf, Sarah R., Williams, Laura J., Collins, Scott L., Eisenhauer, Nico, Trisos, Christopher H., Renard, Delphine, Wright, Alexandra J., Tripathi, Poonam, Cowles, Jane, Byrnes, Jarrett E.K., Reich, Peter B., Purvis, Andy, Sharip, Zati, O’Connor, Mary I., Kazanski, Clare E., Haddad, Nick M., Soto, Eulogio H., Dee, Laura E., Díaz, Sandra, Zirbel, Chad R., Avolio, Meghan L., Wang, Shaopeng, Ma, Zhiyuan, Liang, Jingjing, Farah, Hanan C., Johnson, Justin Andrew, Miller, Brian W., Hautier, Yann, Smith, Melinda D., Knops, Johannes M.H., Myers, Bonnie J.E., Harmáčková, Zuzana V., Cortés, Jorge, Harfoot, Michael B.J., Gonzalez, Andrew, Newbold, Tim, Oehri, Jacqueline, Mazón, Marina, Dobbs, Cynnamon, and Palmer, Meredith S.
Abstract: Despite substantial progress in understanding global biodiversity loss, major taxonomic and geographic knowledge gaps remain. Decision makers often rely on expert judgement to fill knowledge gaps, but are rarely able to engage with sufficiently large and diverse groups of specialists. To improve understanding of the perspectives of thousands of biodiversity experts worldwide, we conducted a survey and asked experts to focus on the taxa and freshwater, terrestrial, or marine ecosystem with which they are most familiar. We found several points of overwhelming consensus (for instance, multiple drivers of biodiversity loss interact synergistically) and important demographic and geographic differences in specialists’ perspectives and estimates. Experts from groups that are underrepresented in biodiversity science, including women and those from the Global South, recommended different priorities for conservation solutions, with less emphasis on acquiring new protected areas, and provided higher estimates of biodiversity loss and its impacts. This may in part be because they disproportionately study the most highly threatened taxa and habitats. Front Ecol Environ 2022;.
Published: 2023

10. Leaf-level coordination principles propagate to the ecosystem scale.

Author: Gomarasca, Ulisse, Gomarasca, Ulisse, Migliavacca, Mirco, Kattge, Jens, Nelson, Jacob, Niinemets, Ülo, Wirth, Christian, Cescatti, Alessandro, Bahn, Michael, Nair, Richard, Acosta, Alicia, Arain, M, Beloiu, Mirela, Black, T, Bruun, Hans, Bucher, Solveig, Buchmann, Nina, Byun, Chaeho, Carrara, Arnaud, Conte, Adriano, da Silva, Ana, Duveiller, Gregory, Fares, Silvano, Ibrom, Andreas, Knohl, Alexander, Komac, Benjamin, Limousin, Jean-Marc, Lusk, Christopher, Mahecha, Miguel, Martini, David, Minden, Vanessa, Montagnani, Leonardo, Mori, Akira, Onoda, Yusuke, Peñuelas, Josep, Perez-Priego, Oscar, Poschlod, Peter, Powell, Thomas, Reich, Peter, Šigut, Ladislav, van Bodegom, Peter, Walther, Sophia, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Wright, Ian, Reichstein, Markus, Gomarasca, Ulisse, Gomarasca, Ulisse, Migliavacca, Mirco, Kattge, Jens, Nelson, Jacob, Niinemets, Ülo, Wirth, Christian, Cescatti, Alessandro, Bahn, Michael, Nair, Richard, Acosta, Alicia, Arain, M, Beloiu, Mirela, Black, T, Bruun, Hans, Bucher, Solveig, Buchmann, Nina, Byun, Chaeho, Carrara, Arnaud, Conte, Adriano, da Silva, Ana, Duveiller, Gregory, Fares, Silvano, Ibrom, Andreas, Knohl, Alexander, Komac, Benjamin, Limousin, Jean-Marc, Lusk, Christopher, Mahecha, Miguel, Martini, David, Minden, Vanessa, Montagnani, Leonardo, Mori, Akira, Onoda, Yusuke, Peñuelas, Josep, Perez-Priego, Oscar, Poschlod, Peter, Powell, Thomas, Reich, Peter, Šigut, Ladislav, van Bodegom, Peter, Walther, Sophia, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Wright, Ian, and Reichstein, Markus
Abstract: Fundamental axes of variation in plant traits result from trade-offs between costs and benefits of resource-use strategies at the leaf scale. However, it is unclear whether similar trade-offs propagate to the ecosystem level. Here, we test whether trait correlation patterns predicted by three well-known leaf- and plant-level coordination theories - the leaf economics spectrum, the global spectrum of plant form and function, and the least-cost hypothesis - are also observed between community mean traits and ecosystem processes. We combined ecosystem functional properties from FLUXNET sites, vegetation properties, and community mean plant traits into three corresponding principal component analyses. We find that the leaf economics spectrum (90 sites), the global spectrum of plant form and function (89 sites), and the least-cost hypothesis (82 sites) all propagate at the ecosystem level. However, we also find evidence of additional scale-emergent properties. Evaluating the coordination of ecosystem functional properties may aid the development of more realistic global dynamic vegetation models with critical empirical data, reducing the uncertainty of climate change projections.
Published: 2023

11. Clarifying the effect of biodiversity on productivity in natural ecosystems with longitudinal data and methods for causal inference

Author: Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Dee, Laura E, Ferraro, Paul J, Severen, Christopher N, Kimmel, Kaitlin A, Borer, Elizabeth T, Byrnes, Jarrett E K, Clark, Adam Thomas, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andrew, Raynaud, Xavier, Reich, Peter B, Wright, Alexandra J, Arnillas, Carlos A, Davies, Kendi F, MacDougall, Andrew, Mori, Akira S, Smith, Melinda D, Adler, Peter B, Bakker, Jonathan D, Brauman, Kate A, Cowles, Jane, Komatsu, Kimberly, Knops, Johannes M H, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Ohlert, Timothy, Power, Sally A, Sullivan, Lauren L, Stevens, Carly, Loreau, Michel, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Dee, Laura E, Ferraro, Paul J, Severen, Christopher N, Kimmel, Kaitlin A, Borer, Elizabeth T, Byrnes, Jarrett E K, Clark, Adam Thomas, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andrew, Raynaud, Xavier, Reich, Peter B, Wright, Alexandra J, Arnillas, Carlos A, Davies, Kendi F, MacDougall, Andrew, Mori, Akira S, Smith, Melinda D, Adler, Peter B, Bakker, Jonathan D, Brauman, Kate A, Cowles, Jane, Komatsu, Kimberly, Knops, Johannes M H, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Ohlert, Timothy, Power, Sally A, Sullivan, Lauren L, Stevens, Carly, and Loreau, Michel
Published: 2023

12. Expert perspectives on global biodiversity loss and its drivers and impacts on people

Author: Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Isbell, Forest, Balvanera, Patricia, Mori, Akira S., He, Jin Sheng, Bullock, James M., Regmi, Ganga Ram, Seabloom, Eric W., Ferrier, Simon, Sala, Osvaldo E., Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R., Tavella, Julia, Larkin, Daniel J., Schmid, Bernhard, Outhwaite, Charlotte L., Pramual, Pairot, Borer, Elizabeth T., Loreau, Michel, Omotoriogun, Taiwo Crossby, Obura, David O., Anderson, Maggie, Portales-Reyes, Cristina, Kirkman, Kevin, Vergara, Pablo M., Clark, Adam Thomas, Komatsu, Kimberly J., Petchey, Owen L., Weiskopf, Sarah R., Williams, Laura J., Collins, Scott L., Eisenhauer, Nico, Trisos, Christopher H., Renard, Delphine, Wright, Alexandra J., Tripathi, Poonam, Cowles, Jane, Byrnes, Jarrett E.K., Reich, Peter B., Purvis, Andy, Sharip, Zati, O’Connor, Mary I., Kazanski, Clare E., Haddad, Nick M., Soto, Eulogio H., Dee, Laura E., Díaz, Sandra, Zirbel, Chad R., Avolio, Meghan L., Wang, Shaopeng, Ma, Zhiyuan, Liang, Jingjing, Farah, Hanan C., Johnson, Justin Andrew, Miller, Brian W., Hautier, Yann, Smith, Melinda D., Knops, Johannes M.H., Myers, Bonnie J.E., Harmáčková, Zuzana V., Cortés, Jorge, Harfoot, Michael B.J., Gonzalez, Andrew, Newbold, Tim, Oehri, Jacqueline, Mazón, Marina, Dobbs, Cynnamon, Palmer, Meredith S., Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Isbell, Forest, Balvanera, Patricia, Mori, Akira S., He, Jin Sheng, Bullock, James M., Regmi, Ganga Ram, Seabloom, Eric W., Ferrier, Simon, Sala, Osvaldo E., Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R., Tavella, Julia, Larkin, Daniel J., Schmid, Bernhard, Outhwaite, Charlotte L., Pramual, Pairot, Borer, Elizabeth T., Loreau, Michel, Omotoriogun, Taiwo Crossby, Obura, David O., Anderson, Maggie, Portales-Reyes, Cristina, Kirkman, Kevin, Vergara, Pablo M., Clark, Adam Thomas, Komatsu, Kimberly J., Petchey, Owen L., Weiskopf, Sarah R., Williams, Laura J., Collins, Scott L., Eisenhauer, Nico, Trisos, Christopher H., Renard, Delphine, Wright, Alexandra J., Tripathi, Poonam, Cowles, Jane, Byrnes, Jarrett E.K., Reich, Peter B., Purvis, Andy, Sharip, Zati, O’Connor, Mary I., Kazanski, Clare E., Haddad, Nick M., Soto, Eulogio H., Dee, Laura E., Díaz, Sandra, Zirbel, Chad R., Avolio, Meghan L., Wang, Shaopeng, Ma, Zhiyuan, Liang, Jingjing, Farah, Hanan C., Johnson, Justin Andrew, Miller, Brian W., Hautier, Yann, Smith, Melinda D., Knops, Johannes M.H., Myers, Bonnie J.E., Harmáčková, Zuzana V., Cortés, Jorge, Harfoot, Michael B.J., Gonzalez, Andrew, Newbold, Tim, Oehri, Jacqueline, Mazón, Marina, Dobbs, Cynnamon, and Palmer, Meredith S.
Published: 2023

13. Global beta-diversity of angiosperm trees is shaped by Quaternary climate change.

Author: Xu, Wu-Bing, Xu, Wu-Bing, Guo, Wen-Yong, Serra-Diaz, Josep M, Schrodt, Franziska, Eiserhardt, Wolf L, Enquist, Brian J, Maitner, Brian S, Merow, Cory, Violle, Cyrille, Anand, Madhur, Belluau, Michaël, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A, Cerabolini, Bruno EL, Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Cornelissen, J Hans C, Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, de Frutos, Angel, Dias, Arildo S, Giroldo, Aelton B, Gutiérrez, Alvaro G, Hattingh, Wesley, He, Tianhua, Hietz, Peter, Hough-Snee, Nate, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Komac, Benjamin, Kraft, Nathan JB, Kramer, Koen, Lavorel, Sandra, Lusk, Christopher H, Martin, Adam R, Ma, Ke-Ping, Mencuccini, Maurizio, Michaletz, Sean T, Minden, Vanessa, Mori, Akira S, Niinemets, Ülo, Onoda, Yusuke, Onstein, Renske E, Peñuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valério D, Pisek, Jan, Pound, Matthew J, Robroek, Bjorn JM, Schamp, Brandon, Slot, Martijn, Sun, Miao, Sosinski, Ênio E, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A, Thiffault, Nelson, van Bodegom, Peter M, van der Plas, Fons, Zheng, Jingming, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Ordonez, Alejandro, Xu, Wu-Bing, Xu, Wu-Bing, Guo, Wen-Yong, Serra-Diaz, Josep M, Schrodt, Franziska, Eiserhardt, Wolf L, Enquist, Brian J, Maitner, Brian S, Merow, Cory, Violle, Cyrille, Anand, Madhur, Belluau, Michaël, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A, Cerabolini, Bruno EL, Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Cornelissen, J Hans C, Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, de Frutos, Angel, Dias, Arildo S, Giroldo, Aelton B, Gutiérrez, Alvaro G, Hattingh, Wesley, He, Tianhua, Hietz, Peter, Hough-Snee, Nate, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Komac, Benjamin, Kraft, Nathan JB, Kramer, Koen, Lavorel, Sandra, Lusk, Christopher H, Martin, Adam R, Ma, Ke-Ping, Mencuccini, Maurizio, Michaletz, Sean T, Minden, Vanessa, Mori, Akira S, Niinemets, Ülo, Onoda, Yusuke, Onstein, Renske E, Peñuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valério D, Pisek, Jan, Pound, Matthew J, Robroek, Bjorn JM, Schamp, Brandon, Slot, Martijn, Sun, Miao, Sosinski, Ênio E, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A, Thiffault, Nelson, van Bodegom, Peter M, van der Plas, Fons, Zheng, Jingming, Svenning, Jens-Christian, and Ordonez, Alejandro
Abstract: As Earth's climate has varied strongly through geological time, studying the impacts of past climate change on biodiversity helps to understand the risks from future climate change. However, it remains unclear how paleoclimate shapes spatial variation in biodiversity. Here, we assessed the influence of Quaternary climate change on spatial dissimilarity in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional composition among neighboring 200-kilometer cells (beta-diversity) for angiosperm trees worldwide. We found that larger glacial-interglacial temperature change was strongly associated with lower spatial turnover (species replacements) and higher nestedness (richness changes) components of beta-diversity across all three biodiversity facets. Moreover, phylogenetic and functional turnover was lower and nestedness higher than random expectations based on taxonomic beta-diversity in regions that experienced large temperature change, reflecting phylogenetically and functionally selective processes in species replacement, extinction, and colonization during glacial-interglacial oscillations. Our results suggest that future human-driven climate change could cause local homogenization and reduction in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of angiosperm trees worldwide.
Published: 2023

14. Enhancing the structural diversity between forest patches—A concept and real-world experiment to study biodiversity, multifunctionality and forest resilience across spatial scales

Author: Bureau AW, Müller, Jörg, Mitesser, Oliver, Cadotte, Marc W., van der Plas, Fons, Mori, Akira S., Ammer, Christian, Chao, Anne, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Baldrian, Petr, Bässler, Claus, Biedermann, Peter, Cesarz, Simone, Claßen, Alice, Delory, Benjamin M., Feldhaar, Heike, Fichtner, Andreas, Hothorn, Torsten, Kuenzer, Claudia, Peters, Marcell K., Pierick, Kerstin, Schmitt, Thomas, Schuldt, Bernhard, Seidel, Dominik, Six, Diana, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Thorn, Simon, von Oheimb, Goddert, Wegmann, Martin, Weisser, Wolfgang W., Eisenhauer, Nico, Bureau AW, Müller, Jörg, Mitesser, Oliver, Cadotte, Marc W., van der Plas, Fons, Mori, Akira S., Ammer, Christian, Chao, Anne, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Baldrian, Petr, Bässler, Claus, Biedermann, Peter, Cesarz, Simone, Claßen, Alice, Delory, Benjamin M., Feldhaar, Heike, Fichtner, Andreas, Hothorn, Torsten, Kuenzer, Claudia, Peters, Marcell K., Pierick, Kerstin, Schmitt, Thomas, Schuldt, Bernhard, Seidel, Dominik, Six, Diana, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Thorn, Simon, von Oheimb, Goddert, Wegmann, Martin, Weisser, Wolfgang W., and Eisenhauer, Nico
Published: 2023

15. Leaf-level coordination principles propagate to the ecosystem scale

Author: Gomarasca, Ulisse, Migliavacca, Mirco, Kattge, Jens, Nelson, Jacob A., Niinemets, Ülo, Wirth, Christian, Cescatti, Alessandro, Bahn, Michael, Nair, Richard, Acosta, Alicia T.R., Arain, M. Altaf, Beloiu, Mirela, Black, T. Andrew, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Bucher, Solveig Franziska, Buchmann, Nina, Byun, Chaeho, Carrara, Arnaud, Conte, Adriano, da Silva, Ana C., Duveiller, Gregory, Fares, Silvano, Ibrom, Andreas, Knohl, Alexander, Komac, Benjamin, Limousin, Jean Marc, Lusk, Christopher H., Mahecha, Miguel D., Martini, David, Minden, Vanessa, Montagnani, Leonardo, Mori, Akira S., Onoda, Yusuke, Peñuelas, Josep, Perez-Priego, Oscar, Poschlod, Peter, Powell, Thomas L., Reich, Peter B., Šigut, Ladislav, van Bodegom, Peter M., Walther, Sophia, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Wright, Ian J., Reichstein, Markus, Gomarasca, Ulisse, Migliavacca, Mirco, Kattge, Jens, Nelson, Jacob A., Niinemets, Ülo, Wirth, Christian, Cescatti, Alessandro, Bahn, Michael, Nair, Richard, Acosta, Alicia T.R., Arain, M. Altaf, Beloiu, Mirela, Black, T. Andrew, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Bucher, Solveig Franziska, Buchmann, Nina, Byun, Chaeho, Carrara, Arnaud, Conte, Adriano, da Silva, Ana C., Duveiller, Gregory, Fares, Silvano, Ibrom, Andreas, Knohl, Alexander, Komac, Benjamin, Limousin, Jean Marc, Lusk, Christopher H., Mahecha, Miguel D., Martini, David, Minden, Vanessa, Montagnani, Leonardo, Mori, Akira S., Onoda, Yusuke, Peñuelas, Josep, Perez-Priego, Oscar, Poschlod, Peter, Powell, Thomas L., Reich, Peter B., Šigut, Ladislav, van Bodegom, Peter M., Walther, Sophia, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Wright, Ian J., and Reichstein, Markus
Abstract: Fundamental axes of variation in plant traits result from trade-offs between costs and benefits of resource-use strategies at the leaf scale. However, it is unclear whether similar trade-offs propagate to the ecosystem level. Here, we test whether trait correlation patterns predicted by three well-known leaf- and plant-level coordination theories – the leaf economics spectrum, the global spectrum of plant form and function, and the least-cost hypothesis – are also observed between community mean traits and ecosystem processes. We combined ecosystem functional properties from FLUXNET sites, vegetation properties, and community mean plant traits into three corresponding principal component analyses. We find that the leaf economics spectrum (90 sites), the global spectrum of plant form and function (89 sites), and the least-cost hypothesis (82 sites) all propagate at the ecosystem level. However, we also find evidence of additional scale-emergent properties. Evaluating the coordination of ecosystem functional properties may aid the development of more realistic global dynamic vegetation models with critical empirical data, reducing the uncertainty of climate change projections., Fundamental axes of variation in plant traits result from trade-offs between costs and benefits of resource-use strategies at the leaf scale. However, it is unclear whether similar trade-offs propagate to the ecosystem level. Here, we test whether trait correlation patterns predicted by three well-known leaf- and plant-level coordination theories – the leaf economics spectrum, the global spectrum of plant form and function, and the least-cost hypothesis – are also observed between community mean traits and ecosystem processes. We combined ecosystem functional properties from FLUXNET sites, vegetation properties, and community mean plant traits into three corresponding principal component analyses. We find that the leaf economics spectrum (90 sites), the global spectrum of plant form and function (89 sites), and the least-cost hypothesis (82 sites) all propagate at the ecosystem level. However, we also find evidence of additional scale-emergent properties. Evaluating the coordination of ecosystem functional properties may aid the development of more realistic global dynamic vegetation models with critical empirical data, reducing the uncertainty of climate change projections.
Published: 2023

16. Leaf-level coordination principles propagate to the ecosystem scale

Author: Gomarasca, Ulisse, Migliavacca, Mirco, Kattge, Jens, Nelson, Jacob A., Niinemets, Ülo, Wirth, Christian, Cescatti, Alessandro, Bahn, Michael, Nair, Richard, Acosta, Alicia T.R., Arain, M. Altaf, Beloiu, Mirela, Black, T. Andrew, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Bucher, Solveig Franziska, Buchmann, Nina, Byun, Chaeho, Carrara, Arnaud, Conte, Adriano, da Silva, Ana C., Duveiller, Gregory, Fares, Silvano, Ibrom, Andreas, Knohl, Alexander, Komac, Benjamin, Limousin, Jean Marc, Lusk, Christopher H., Mahecha, Miguel D., Martini, David, Minden, Vanessa, Montagnani, Leonardo, Mori, Akira S., Onoda, Yusuke, Peñuelas, Josep, Perez-Priego, Oscar, Poschlod, Peter, Powell, Thomas L., Reich, Peter B., Šigut, Ladislav, van Bodegom, Peter M., Walther, Sophia, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Wright, Ian J., Reichstein, Markus, Gomarasca, Ulisse, Migliavacca, Mirco, Kattge, Jens, Nelson, Jacob A., Niinemets, Ülo, Wirth, Christian, Cescatti, Alessandro, Bahn, Michael, Nair, Richard, Acosta, Alicia T.R., Arain, M. Altaf, Beloiu, Mirela, Black, T. Andrew, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Bucher, Solveig Franziska, Buchmann, Nina, Byun, Chaeho, Carrara, Arnaud, Conte, Adriano, da Silva, Ana C., Duveiller, Gregory, Fares, Silvano, Ibrom, Andreas, Knohl, Alexander, Komac, Benjamin, Limousin, Jean Marc, Lusk, Christopher H., Mahecha, Miguel D., Martini, David, Minden, Vanessa, Montagnani, Leonardo, Mori, Akira S., Onoda, Yusuke, Peñuelas, Josep, Perez-Priego, Oscar, Poschlod, Peter, Powell, Thomas L., Reich, Peter B., Šigut, Ladislav, van Bodegom, Peter M., Walther, Sophia, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Wright, Ian J., and Reichstein, Markus
Abstract: Fundamental axes of variation in plant traits result from trade-offs between costs and benefits of resource-use strategies at the leaf scale. However, it is unclear whether similar trade-offs propagate to the ecosystem level. Here, we test whether trait correlation patterns predicted by three well-known leaf- and plant-level coordination theories – the leaf economics spectrum, the global spectrum of plant form and function, and the least-cost hypothesis – are also observed between community mean traits and ecosystem processes. We combined ecosystem functional properties from FLUXNET sites, vegetation properties, and community mean plant traits into three corresponding principal component analyses. We find that the leaf economics spectrum (90 sites), the global spectrum of plant form and function (89 sites), and the least-cost hypothesis (82 sites) all propagate at the ecosystem level. However, we also find evidence of additional scale-emergent properties. Evaluating the coordination of ecosystem functional properties may aid the development of more realistic global dynamic vegetation models with critical empirical data, reducing the uncertainty of climate change projections.
Published: 2023

17. Global beta-diversity of angiosperm trees is shaped by Quaternary climate change

Author: Xu, Wu-Bing, Guo, Wen-Yong, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Schrodt, Franziska, Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Enquist, Brian J., Maitner, Brian S., Merow, Cory, Violle, Cyrille, Anand, Madhur, Belluau, Michaël, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno, Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Cornelissen, J.H.C., Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, De Frutos, Angel, Dias, Arildo S., Giroldo, Aelton B., Gutiérrez, Alvaro G., Hattingh, Wesley, He, Tianhua, Hietz, Peter, Hough-Snee, Nate, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Komac, Benjamin, Kraft, Nathan J.B., Kramer, Koen, Lavorel, Sandra, Lusk, Christopher H., Martin, Adam R., Ma, Ke-Ping, Mencuccini, Maurizio, Michaletz, Sean T., Minden, Vanessa, Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Ülo, Onoda, Yusuke, Onstein, Renske E., Peñuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valério D., Pisek, Jan, Pound, Matthew J., Robroek, Bjorn J.M., Schamp, Brandon, Slot, Martijn, Sun, Miao, Sosinski, E.E., Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Thiffault, Nelson, Van Bodegom, Peter M., Van der Plas, Fons, Zheng, Jingming, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Ordonez, Alejandro, Xu, Wu-Bing, Guo, Wen-Yong, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Schrodt, Franziska, Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Enquist, Brian J., Maitner, Brian S., Merow, Cory, Violle, Cyrille, Anand, Madhur, Belluau, Michaël, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno, Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Cornelissen, J.H.C., Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, De Frutos, Angel, Dias, Arildo S., Giroldo, Aelton B., Gutiérrez, Alvaro G., Hattingh, Wesley, He, Tianhua, Hietz, Peter, Hough-Snee, Nate, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Komac, Benjamin, Kraft, Nathan J.B., Kramer, Koen, Lavorel, Sandra, Lusk, Christopher H., Martin, Adam R., Ma, Ke-Ping, Mencuccini, Maurizio, Michaletz, Sean T., Minden, Vanessa, Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Ülo, Onoda, Yusuke, Onstein, Renske E., Peñuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valério D., Pisek, Jan, Pound, Matthew J., Robroek, Bjorn J.M., Schamp, Brandon, Slot, Martijn, Sun, Miao, Sosinski, E.E., Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Thiffault, Nelson, Van Bodegom, Peter M., Van der Plas, Fons, Zheng, Jingming, Svenning, Jens-Christian, and Ordonez, Alejandro
Abstract: This release contains the code and data used in the paper: Wu-Bing Xu et al., Global beta-diversity of angiosperm trees is shaped by Quaternary climate change. Sci. Adv. 9, eadd8553 (2023). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add8553, This release contains the code and data used in the paper: Wu-Bing Xu et al., Global beta-diversity of angiosperm trees is shaped by Quaternary climate change. Sci. Adv. 9, eadd8553 (2023). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add8553
Published: 2023

18. Publisher Correction: Clarifying the effect of biodiversity on productivity in natural ecosystems with longitudinal data and methods for causal inference (Nature Communications, (2023), 14, 1, (2607), 10.1038/s41467-023-37194-5)

Author: Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Dee, Laura E, Ferraro, Paul J, Severen, Christopher N, Kimmel, Kaitlin A, Borer, Elizabeth T, Byrnes, Jarrett E K, Clark, Adam Thomas, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andrew, Raynaud, Xavier, Reich, Peter B, Wright, Alexandra J, Arnillas, Carlos A, Davies, Kendi F, MacDougall, Andrew, Mori, Akira S, Smith, Melinda D, Adler, Peter B, Bakker, Jonathan D, Brauman, Kate A, Cowles, Jane, Komatsu, Kimberly, Knops, Johannes M H, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Ohlert, Timothy, Power, Sally A, Sullivan, Lauren L, Stevens, Carly, Loreau, Michel, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Dee, Laura E, Ferraro, Paul J, Severen, Christopher N, Kimmel, Kaitlin A, Borer, Elizabeth T, Byrnes, Jarrett E K, Clark, Adam Thomas, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andrew, Raynaud, Xavier, Reich, Peter B, Wright, Alexandra J, Arnillas, Carlos A, Davies, Kendi F, MacDougall, Andrew, Mori, Akira S, Smith, Melinda D, Adler, Peter B, Bakker, Jonathan D, Brauman, Kate A, Cowles, Jane, Komatsu, Kimberly, Knops, Johannes M H, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Ohlert, Timothy, Power, Sally A, Sullivan, Lauren L, Stevens, Carly, and Loreau, Michel
Published: 2023

19. Clarifying the effect of biodiversity on productivity in natural ecosystems with longitudinal data and methods for causal inference

Author: Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Dee, Laura E, Ferraro, Paul J, Severen, Christopher N, Kimmel, Kaitlin A, Borer, Elizabeth T, Byrnes, Jarrett E K, Clark, Adam Thomas, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andrew, Raynaud, Xavier, Reich, Peter B, Wright, Alexandra J, Arnillas, Carlos A, Davies, Kendi F, MacDougall, Andrew, Mori, Akira S, Smith, Melinda D, Adler, Peter B, Bakker, Jonathan D, Brauman, Kate A, Cowles, Jane, Komatsu, Kimberly, Knops, Johannes M H, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Ohlert, Timothy, Power, Sally A, Sullivan, Lauren L, Stevens, Carly, Loreau, Michel, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Dee, Laura E, Ferraro, Paul J, Severen, Christopher N, Kimmel, Kaitlin A, Borer, Elizabeth T, Byrnes, Jarrett E K, Clark, Adam Thomas, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andrew, Raynaud, Xavier, Reich, Peter B, Wright, Alexandra J, Arnillas, Carlos A, Davies, Kendi F, MacDougall, Andrew, Mori, Akira S, Smith, Melinda D, Adler, Peter B, Bakker, Jonathan D, Brauman, Kate A, Cowles, Jane, Komatsu, Kimberly, Knops, Johannes M H, McCulley, Rebecca L, Moore, Joslin L, Morgan, John W, Ohlert, Timothy, Power, Sally A, Sullivan, Lauren L, Stevens, Carly, and Loreau, Michel
Published: 2023

20. Expert perspectives on global biodiversity loss and its drivers and impacts on people

Author: Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Isbell, Forest, Balvanera, Patricia, Mori, Akira S., He, Jin Sheng, Bullock, James M., Regmi, Ganga Ram, Seabloom, Eric W., Ferrier, Simon, Sala, Osvaldo E., Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R., Tavella, Julia, Larkin, Daniel J., Schmid, Bernhard, Outhwaite, Charlotte L., Pramual, Pairot, Borer, Elizabeth T., Loreau, Michel, Omotoriogun, Taiwo Crossby, Obura, David O., Anderson, Maggie, Portales-Reyes, Cristina, Kirkman, Kevin, Vergara, Pablo M., Clark, Adam Thomas, Komatsu, Kimberly J., Petchey, Owen L., Weiskopf, Sarah R., Williams, Laura J., Collins, Scott L., Eisenhauer, Nico, Trisos, Christopher H., Renard, Delphine, Wright, Alexandra J., Tripathi, Poonam, Cowles, Jane, Byrnes, Jarrett E.K., Reich, Peter B., Purvis, Andy, Sharip, Zati, O’Connor, Mary I., Kazanski, Clare E., Haddad, Nick M., Soto, Eulogio H., Dee, Laura E., Díaz, Sandra, Zirbel, Chad R., Avolio, Meghan L., Wang, Shaopeng, Ma, Zhiyuan, Liang, Jingjing, Farah, Hanan C., Johnson, Justin Andrew, Miller, Brian W., Hautier, Yann, Smith, Melinda D., Knops, Johannes M.H., Myers, Bonnie J.E., Harmáčková, Zuzana V., Cortés, Jorge, Harfoot, Michael B.J., Gonzalez, Andrew, Newbold, Tim, Oehri, Jacqueline, Mazón, Marina, Dobbs, Cynnamon, Palmer, Meredith S., Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Isbell, Forest, Balvanera, Patricia, Mori, Akira S., He, Jin Sheng, Bullock, James M., Regmi, Ganga Ram, Seabloom, Eric W., Ferrier, Simon, Sala, Osvaldo E., Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R., Tavella, Julia, Larkin, Daniel J., Schmid, Bernhard, Outhwaite, Charlotte L., Pramual, Pairot, Borer, Elizabeth T., Loreau, Michel, Omotoriogun, Taiwo Crossby, Obura, David O., Anderson, Maggie, Portales-Reyes, Cristina, Kirkman, Kevin, Vergara, Pablo M., Clark, Adam Thomas, Komatsu, Kimberly J., Petchey, Owen L., Weiskopf, Sarah R., Williams, Laura J., Collins, Scott L., Eisenhauer, Nico, Trisos, Christopher H., Renard, Delphine, Wright, Alexandra J., Tripathi, Poonam, Cowles, Jane, Byrnes, Jarrett E.K., Reich, Peter B., Purvis, Andy, Sharip, Zati, O’Connor, Mary I., Kazanski, Clare E., Haddad, Nick M., Soto, Eulogio H., Dee, Laura E., Díaz, Sandra, Zirbel, Chad R., Avolio, Meghan L., Wang, Shaopeng, Ma, Zhiyuan, Liang, Jingjing, Farah, Hanan C., Johnson, Justin Andrew, Miller, Brian W., Hautier, Yann, Smith, Melinda D., Knops, Johannes M.H., Myers, Bonnie J.E., Harmáčková, Zuzana V., Cortés, Jorge, Harfoot, Michael B.J., Gonzalez, Andrew, Newbold, Tim, Oehri, Jacqueline, Mazón, Marina, Dobbs, Cynnamon, and Palmer, Meredith S.
Published: 2023

21. Expert perspectives on global biodiversity loss and its drivers and impacts on people

Author: Isbell, Forest, Balvanera, Patricia, Mori, Akira S., He, Jin‐Sheng, Bullock, James M., Regmi, Ganga Ram, Seabloom, Eric W., Ferrier, Simon, Sala, Osvaldo E., Guerrero‐Ramírez, Nathaly R., Tavella, Julia, Larkin, Daniel J., Schmid, Bernhard, Outhwaite, Charlotte L., Pramual, Pairot, Borer, Elizabeth T., Loreau, Michel, Omotoriogun, Taiwo Crossby, Obura, David O., Anderson, Maggie, Portales‐Reyes, Cristina, Kirkman, Kevin, Vergara, Pablo M., Clark, Adam Thomas, Komatsu, Kimberly J., Petchey, Owen L., Weiskopf, Sarah R., Williams, Laura J., Collins, Scott L., Eisenhauer, Nico, Trisos, Christopher H., Renard, Delphine, Wright, Alexandra J., Tripathi, Poonam, Cowles, Jane, Byrnes, Jarrett E.K., Reich, Peter B., Purvis, Andy, Sharip, Zati, O’Connor, Mary I., Kazanski, Clare E., Haddad, Nick M., Soto, Eulogio H., Dee, Laura E., Díaz, Sandra, Zirbel, Chad R., Avolio, Meghan L., Wang, Shaopeng, Ma, Zhiyuan, Liang, Jingjing, Farah, Hanan C., Johnson, Justin Andrew, Miller, Brian W., Hautier, Yann, Smith, Melinda D., Knops, Johannes M.H., Myers, Bonnie J.E., Harmáčková, Zuzana V., Cortés, Jorge, Harfoot, Michael B.J., Gonzalez, Andrew, Newbold, Tim, Oehri, Jacqueline, Mazón, Marina, Dobbs, Cynnamon, Palmer, Meredith S., Isbell, Forest, Balvanera, Patricia, Mori, Akira S., He, Jin‐Sheng, Bullock, James M., Regmi, Ganga Ram, Seabloom, Eric W., Ferrier, Simon, Sala, Osvaldo E., Guerrero‐Ramírez, Nathaly R., Tavella, Julia, Larkin, Daniel J., Schmid, Bernhard, Outhwaite, Charlotte L., Pramual, Pairot, Borer, Elizabeth T., Loreau, Michel, Omotoriogun, Taiwo Crossby, Obura, David O., Anderson, Maggie, Portales‐Reyes, Cristina, Kirkman, Kevin, Vergara, Pablo M., Clark, Adam Thomas, Komatsu, Kimberly J., Petchey, Owen L., Weiskopf, Sarah R., Williams, Laura J., Collins, Scott L., Eisenhauer, Nico, Trisos, Christopher H., Renard, Delphine, Wright, Alexandra J., Tripathi, Poonam, Cowles, Jane, Byrnes, Jarrett E.K., Reich, Peter B., Purvis, Andy, Sharip, Zati, O’Connor, Mary I., Kazanski, Clare E., Haddad, Nick M., Soto, Eulogio H., Dee, Laura E., Díaz, Sandra, Zirbel, Chad R., Avolio, Meghan L., Wang, Shaopeng, Ma, Zhiyuan, Liang, Jingjing, Farah, Hanan C., Johnson, Justin Andrew, Miller, Brian W., Hautier, Yann, Smith, Melinda D., Knops, Johannes M.H., Myers, Bonnie J.E., Harmáčková, Zuzana V., Cortés, Jorge, Harfoot, Michael B.J., Gonzalez, Andrew, Newbold, Tim, Oehri, Jacqueline, Mazón, Marina, Dobbs, Cynnamon, and Palmer, Meredith S.
Abstract: Despite substantial progress in understanding global biodiversity loss, major taxonomic and geographic knowledge gaps remain. Decision makers often rely on expert judgement to fill knowledge gaps, but are rarely able to engage with sufficiently large and diverse groups of specialists. To improve understanding of the perspectives of thousands of biodiversity experts worldwide, we conducted a survey and asked experts to focus on the taxa and freshwater, terrestrial, or marine ecosystem with which they are most familiar. We found several points of overwhelming consensus (for instance, multiple drivers of biodiversity loss interact synergistically) and important demographic and geographic differences in specialists’ perspectives and estimates. Experts from groups that are underrepresented in biodiversity science, including women and those from the Global South, recommended different priorities for conservation solutions, with less emphasis on acquiring new protected areas, and provided higher estimates of biodiversity loss and its impacts. This may in part be because they disproportionately study the most highly threatened taxa and habitats.
Published: 2023

22. Global beta-diversity of angiosperm trees is shaped by Quaternary climate change

Author: Xu, Wu Bing, Guo, Wen Yong, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Schrodt, Franziska, Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Enquist, Brian J., Maitner, Brian S., Merow, Cory, Violle, Cyrille, Anand, Madhur, Belluau, Michaël, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno E.L., Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, de Frutos, Angel, Dias, Arildo S., Giroldo, Aelton B., Gutiérrez, Alvaro G., Hattingh, Wesley, He, Tianhua, Hietz, Peter, Hough-Snee, Nate, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Komac, Benjamin, Kraft, Nathan J.B., Kramer, Koen, Lavorel, Sandra, Lusk, Christopher H., Martin, Adam R., Ma, Ke Ping, Mencuccini, Maurizio, Michaletz, Sean T., Minden, Vanessa, Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Ülo, Onoda, Yusuke, Onstein, Renske E., Peñuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valério D., Pisek, Jan, Pound, Matthew J., Robroek, Bjorn J.M., Schamp, Brandon, Slot, Martijn, Sun, Miao, Sosinski, Ênio E., Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Thiffault, Nelson, van Bodegom, Peter M., van der Plas, Fons, Zheng, Jingming, Svenning, Jens Christian, Ordonez, Alejandro, Xu, Wu Bing, Guo, Wen Yong, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Schrodt, Franziska, Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Enquist, Brian J., Maitner, Brian S., Merow, Cory, Violle, Cyrille, Anand, Madhur, Belluau, Michaël, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno E.L., Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, de Frutos, Angel, Dias, Arildo S., Giroldo, Aelton B., Gutiérrez, Alvaro G., Hattingh, Wesley, He, Tianhua, Hietz, Peter, Hough-Snee, Nate, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Komac, Benjamin, Kraft, Nathan J.B., Kramer, Koen, Lavorel, Sandra, Lusk, Christopher H., Martin, Adam R., Ma, Ke Ping, Mencuccini, Maurizio, Michaletz, Sean T., Minden, Vanessa, Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Ülo, Onoda, Yusuke, Onstein, Renske E., Peñuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valério D., Pisek, Jan, Pound, Matthew J., Robroek, Bjorn J.M., Schamp, Brandon, Slot, Martijn, Sun, Miao, Sosinski, Ênio E., Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Thiffault, Nelson, van Bodegom, Peter M., van der Plas, Fons, Zheng, Jingming, Svenning, Jens Christian, and Ordonez, Alejandro
Abstract: As Earth’s climate has varied strongly through geological time, studying the impacts of past climate change on biodiversity helps to understand the risks from future climate change. However, it remains unclear how paleoclimate shapes spatial variation in biodiversity. Here, we assessed the influence of Quaternary climate change on spatial dissimilarity in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional composition among neighboring 200-kilometer cells (beta-diversity) for angiosperm trees worldwide. We found that larger glacial-interglacial temperature change was strongly associated with lower spatial turnover (species replacements) and higher nestedness (richness changes) components of beta-diversity across all three biodiversity facets. Moreover, phylogenetic and functional turnover was lower and nestedness higher than random expectations based on taxonomic beta-diversity in regions that experienced large temperature change, reflecting phylogenetically and functionally selective processes in species replacement, extinction, and colonization during glacial-interglacial oscillations. Our results suggest that future human-driven climate change could cause local homogenization and reduction in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of angiosperm trees worldwide., As Earth's climate has varied strongly through geological time, studying the impacts of past climate change on biodiversity helps to understand the risks from future climate change. However, it remains unclear how paleoclimate shapes spatial variation in biodiversity. Here, we assessed the influence of Quaternary climate change on spatial dissimilarity in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional composition among neighboring 200-kilometer cells (beta-diversity) for angiosperm trees worldwide. We found that larger glacial-interglacial temperature change was strongly associated with lower spatial turnover (species replacements) and higher nestedness (richness changes) components of beta-diversity across all three biodiversity facets. Moreover, phylogenetic and functional turnover was lower and nestedness higher than random expectations based on taxonomic beta-diversity in regions that experienced large temperature change, reflecting phylogenetically and functionally selective processes in species replacement, extinction, and colonization during glacial-interglacial oscillations. Our results suggest that future human-driven climate change could cause local homogenization and reduction in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of angiosperm trees worldwide.
Published: 2023

23. Global beta-diversity of angiosperm trees is shaped by Quaternary climate change

Author: Xu, Wu Bing, Guo, Wen Yong, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Schrodt, Franziska, Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Enquist, Brian J., Maitner, Brian S., Merow, Cory, Violle, Cyrille, Anand, Madhur, Belluau, Michaël, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno E.L., Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, de Frutos, Angel, Dias, Arildo S., Giroldo, Aelton B., Gutiérrez, Alvaro G., Hattingh, Wesley, He, Tianhua, Hietz, Peter, Hough-Snee, Nate, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Komac, Benjamin, Kraft, Nathan J.B., Kramer, Koen, Lavorel, Sandra, Lusk, Christopher H., Martin, Adam R., Ma, Ke Ping, Mencuccini, Maurizio, Michaletz, Sean T., Minden, Vanessa, Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Ülo, Onoda, Yusuke, Onstein, Renske E., Peñuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valério D., Pisek, Jan, Pound, Matthew J., Robroek, Bjorn J.M., Schamp, Brandon, Slot, Martijn, Sun, Miao, Sosinski, Ênio E., Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Thiffault, Nelson, van Bodegom, Peter M., van der Plas, Fons, Zheng, Jingming, Svenning, Jens Christian, Ordonez, Alejandro, Xu, Wu Bing, Guo, Wen Yong, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Schrodt, Franziska, Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Enquist, Brian J., Maitner, Brian S., Merow, Cory, Violle, Cyrille, Anand, Madhur, Belluau, Michaël, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno E.L., Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, de Frutos, Angel, Dias, Arildo S., Giroldo, Aelton B., Gutiérrez, Alvaro G., Hattingh, Wesley, He, Tianhua, Hietz, Peter, Hough-Snee, Nate, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Komac, Benjamin, Kraft, Nathan J.B., Kramer, Koen, Lavorel, Sandra, Lusk, Christopher H., Martin, Adam R., Ma, Ke Ping, Mencuccini, Maurizio, Michaletz, Sean T., Minden, Vanessa, Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Ülo, Onoda, Yusuke, Onstein, Renske E., Peñuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valério D., Pisek, Jan, Pound, Matthew J., Robroek, Bjorn J.M., Schamp, Brandon, Slot, Martijn, Sun, Miao, Sosinski, Ênio E., Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Thiffault, Nelson, van Bodegom, Peter M., van der Plas, Fons, Zheng, Jingming, Svenning, Jens Christian, and Ordonez, Alejandro
Abstract: As Earth’s climate has varied strongly through geological time, studying the impacts of past climate change on biodiversity helps to understand the risks from future climate change. However, it remains unclear how paleoclimate shapes spatial variation in biodiversity. Here, we assessed the influence of Quaternary climate change on spatial dissimilarity in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional composition among neighboring 200-kilometer cells (beta-diversity) for angiosperm trees worldwide. We found that larger glacial-interglacial temperature change was strongly associated with lower spatial turnover (species replacements) and higher nestedness (richness changes) components of beta-diversity across all three biodiversity facets. Moreover, phylogenetic and functional turnover was lower and nestedness higher than random expectations based on taxonomic beta-diversity in regions that experienced large temperature change, reflecting phylogenetically and functionally selective processes in species replacement, extinction, and colonization during glacial-interglacial oscillations. Our results suggest that future human-driven climate change could cause local homogenization and reduction in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of angiosperm trees worldwide., As Earth's climate has varied strongly through geological time, studying the impacts of past climate change on biodiversity helps to understand the risks from future climate change. However, it remains unclear how paleoclimate shapes spatial variation in biodiversity. Here, we assessed the influence of Quaternary climate change on spatial dissimilarity in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional composition among neighboring 200-kilometer cells (beta-diversity) for angiosperm trees worldwide. We found that larger glacial-interglacial temperature change was strongly associated with lower spatial turnover (species replacements) and higher nestedness (richness changes) components of beta-diversity across all three biodiversity facets. Moreover, phylogenetic and functional turnover was lower and nestedness higher than random expectations based on taxonomic beta-diversity in regions that experienced large temperature change, reflecting phylogenetically and functionally selective processes in species replacement, extinction, and colonization during glacial-interglacial oscillations. Our results suggest that future human-driven climate change could cause local homogenization and reduction in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of angiosperm trees worldwide.
Published: 2023

24. Expert perspectives on global biodiversity loss and its drivers and impacts on people

Author: Isbell, Forest, Balvanera, Patricia, Mori, Akira S; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8422-1198, He, Jin‐Sheng; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5081-3569, Bullock, James M, Regmi, Ganga Ram, Seabloom, Eric W, Ferrier, Simon, Sala, Osvaldo E, Guerrero‐Ramírez, Nathaly R, Tavella, Julia, Larkin, Daniel J, Schmid, Bernhard; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8430-3214, Outhwaite, Charlotte L, Pramual, Pairot, Borer, Elizabeth T, Loreau, Michel, Omotoriogun, Taiwo Crossby, Obura, David O, Anderson, Maggie, Portales‐Reyes, Cristina, Kirkman, Kevin, Vergara, Pablo M, Clark, Adam Thomas, Komatsu, Kimberly J, Petchey, Owen L, Weiskopf, Sarah R, Williams, Laura J; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3555-4778, Collins, Scott L, Eisenhauer, Nico, et al, Isbell, Forest, Balvanera, Patricia, Mori, Akira S; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8422-1198, He, Jin‐Sheng; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5081-3569, Bullock, James M, Regmi, Ganga Ram, Seabloom, Eric W, Ferrier, Simon, Sala, Osvaldo E, Guerrero‐Ramírez, Nathaly R, Tavella, Julia, Larkin, Daniel J, Schmid, Bernhard; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8430-3214, Outhwaite, Charlotte L, Pramual, Pairot, Borer, Elizabeth T, Loreau, Michel, Omotoriogun, Taiwo Crossby, Obura, David O, Anderson, Maggie, Portales‐Reyes, Cristina, Kirkman, Kevin, Vergara, Pablo M, Clark, Adam Thomas, Komatsu, Kimberly J, Petchey, Owen L, Weiskopf, Sarah R, Williams, Laura J; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3555-4778, Collins, Scott L, Eisenhauer, Nico, and et al
Abstract: Despite substantial progress in understanding global biodiversity loss, major taxonomic and geographic knowledge gaps remain. Decision makers often rely on expert judgement to fill knowledge gaps, but are rarely able to engage with sufficiently large and diverse groups of specialists. To improve understanding of the perspectives of thousands of biodiversity experts worldwide, we conducted a survey and asked experts to focus on the taxa and freshwater, terrestrial, or marine ecosystem with which they are most familiar. We found several points of overwhelming consensus (for instance, multiple drivers of biodiversity loss interact synergistically) and important demographic and geographic differences in specialists’ perspectives and estimates. Experts from groups that are underrepresented in biodiversity science, including women and those from the Global South, recommended different priorities for conservation solutions, with less emphasis on acquiring new protected areas, and provided higher estimates of biodiversity loss and its impacts. This may in part be because they disproportionately study the most highly threatened taxa and habitats.
Published: 2023

25. Decoupled phylogenetic and functional diversity in European grasslands

Author: Večeřa, Martin, Axmanová, Irena, Chytrý, Milan, Divíšek, Jan, Ndiribe, Charlotte, Mones, Gonzalo Velasco, Čeplová, Natálie, Aćić, Svetlana, Bahn, Michael, Bergamini, Ariel, Boenisch, Gerhard, Biurrun, Idoia, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., Dengler, Jürgen, Jansen, Florian, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Kozub, Łukasz, Kuzemko, Anna, Minden, Vanessa, Mitchell, Rachel M., Moeslund, Jesper Erenskjold, Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Ülo, Ruprecht, Eszter, Rusina, Solvita, Šilc, Urban, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., van Bodegom, Peter M., Vassilev, Kiril, Weiher, Evan, Wright, Ian J., Lososová, Zdeňka, Večeřa, Martin, Axmanová, Irena, Chytrý, Milan, Divíšek, Jan, Ndiribe, Charlotte, Mones, Gonzalo Velasco, Čeplová, Natálie, Aćić, Svetlana, Bahn, Michael, Bergamini, Ariel, Boenisch, Gerhard, Biurrun, Idoia, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., Dengler, Jürgen, Jansen, Florian, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Kozub, Łukasz, Kuzemko, Anna, Minden, Vanessa, Mitchell, Rachel M., Moeslund, Jesper Erenskjold, Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Ülo, Ruprecht, Eszter, Rusina, Solvita, Šilc, Urban, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., van Bodegom, Peter M., Vassilev, Kiril, Weiher, Evan, Wright, Ian J., and Lososová, Zdeňka
Abstract: The relationship between phylogenetic diversity (PD) and functional diversity (FD) is important for understanding the mechanisms of community assembly. The traditional view assumes a coupled (positively correlated) relationship between these two diversity measures, suggesting that competitive exclusion and environmental filtering are important drivers of both phylogenetic and functional structure of communities. In contrast, there is evidence that communities might deviate from this pattern, exhibiting either phylogenetic overdispersion connected with trait convergence (decoupled PD) or functional overdispersion connected with phylogenetic clustering (decoupled FD). In this study, we examined the relationship between PD and FD within vascular-plant communities in European grasslands, focusing on decoupled PD-FD patterns. We hypothesized that the decoupled patterns are connected with past or current environmental changes and are rarer in comparison with the coupled PD-FD pattern, reflecting long-term relatively stable environments. We used 81,484 plots (communities) of European dry, mesic, wet and alpine grasslands, containing 4,119 angiosperm species, and data on six functional traits relevant for different plant functions and habitats (plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen content, seed mass and lateral spreading distance). Functional diversity was evaluated in two ways – as a single combined measure and as variability in each trait separately. We found various PD-FD patterns across different habitats, traits and regions, with the coupled pattern widespread but not universal. In many communities, we detected the tendency towards decoupled PD, likely caused by environmental filtering of phylogenetically diverse species pools. This was most pronounced in dry grasslands, and also in wet and alpine grasslands when FD based on plant height, leaf area or seed mass was considered. In contrast, the tendency towards decoupled FD was detected only in
Published: 2023

26. Leaf-level coordination principles propagate to the ecosystem scale

Author: Gomarasca, Ulisse, Migliavacca, Mirco, Kattge, Jens, Nelson, Jacob A., Niinemets, Ülo, Wirth, Christian, Cescatti, Alessandro, Bahn, Michael, Nair, Richard, Acosta, Alicia T.R., Arain, M. Altaf, Beloiu, Mirela, Black, T. Andrew, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Bucher, Solveig Franziska, Buchmann, Nina, Byun, Chaeho, Carrara, Arnaud, Conte, Adriano, da Silva, Ana C., Duveiller, Gregory, Fares, Silvano, Ibrom, Andreas, Knohl, Alexander, Komac, Benjamin, Limousin, Jean Marc, Lusk, Christopher H., Mahecha, Miguel D., Martini, David, Minden, Vanessa, Montagnani, Leonardo, Mori, Akira S., Onoda, Yusuke, Peñuelas, Josep, Perez-Priego, Oscar, Poschlod, Peter, Powell, Thomas L., Reich, Peter B., Šigut, Ladislav, van Bodegom, Peter M., Walther, Sophia, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Wright, Ian J., Reichstein, Markus, Gomarasca, Ulisse, Migliavacca, Mirco, Kattge, Jens, Nelson, Jacob A., Niinemets, Ülo, Wirth, Christian, Cescatti, Alessandro, Bahn, Michael, Nair, Richard, Acosta, Alicia T.R., Arain, M. Altaf, Beloiu, Mirela, Black, T. Andrew, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Bucher, Solveig Franziska, Buchmann, Nina, Byun, Chaeho, Carrara, Arnaud, Conte, Adriano, da Silva, Ana C., Duveiller, Gregory, Fares, Silvano, Ibrom, Andreas, Knohl, Alexander, Komac, Benjamin, Limousin, Jean Marc, Lusk, Christopher H., Mahecha, Miguel D., Martini, David, Minden, Vanessa, Montagnani, Leonardo, Mori, Akira S., Onoda, Yusuke, Peñuelas, Josep, Perez-Priego, Oscar, Poschlod, Peter, Powell, Thomas L., Reich, Peter B., Šigut, Ladislav, van Bodegom, Peter M., Walther, Sophia, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Wright, Ian J., and Reichstein, Markus
Abstract: Fundamental axes of variation in plant traits result from trade-offs between costs and benefits of resource-use strategies at the leaf scale. However, it is unclear whether similar trade-offs propagate to the ecosystem level. Here, we test whether trait correlation patterns predicted by three well-known leaf- and plant-level coordination theories – the leaf economics spectrum, the global spectrum of plant form and function, and the least-cost hypothesis – are also observed between community mean traits and ecosystem processes. We combined ecosystem functional properties from FLUXNET sites, vegetation properties, and community mean plant traits into three corresponding principal component analyses. We find that the leaf economics spectrum (90 sites), the global spectrum of plant form and function (89 sites), and the least-cost hypothesis (82 sites) all propagate at the ecosystem level. However, we also find evidence of additional scale-emergent properties. Evaluating the coordination of ecosystem functional properties may aid the development of more realistic global dynamic vegetation models with critical empirical data, reducing the uncertainty of climate change projections., Fundamental axes of variation in plant traits result from trade-offs between costs and benefits of resource-use strategies at the leaf scale. However, it is unclear whether similar trade-offs propagate to the ecosystem level. Here, we test whether trait correlation patterns predicted by three well-known leaf- and plant-level coordination theories – the leaf economics spectrum, the global spectrum of plant form and function, and the least-cost hypothesis – are also observed between community mean traits and ecosystem processes. We combined ecosystem functional properties from FLUXNET sites, vegetation properties, and community mean plant traits into three corresponding principal component analyses. We find that the leaf economics spectrum (90 sites), the global spectrum of plant form and function (89 sites), and the least-cost hypothesis (82 sites) all propagate at the ecosystem level. However, we also find evidence of additional scale-emergent properties. Evaluating the coordination of ecosystem functional properties may aid the development of more realistic global dynamic vegetation models with critical empirical data, reducing the uncertainty of climate change projections.
Published: 2023

27. Decoupled phylogenetic and functional diversity in European grasslands

Author: Večeřa, Martin, Axmanová, Irena, Chytrý, Milan, Divíšek, Jan, Ndiribe, Charlotte, Mones, Gonzalo Velasco, Čeplová, Natálie, Aćić, Svetlana, Bahn, Michael, Bergamini, Ariel, Boenisch, Gerhard, Biurrun, Idoia, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., Dengler, Jürgen, Jansen, Florian, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Kozub, Łukasz, Kuzemko, Anna, Minden, Vanessa, Mitchell, Rachel M., Moeslund, Jesper Erenskjold, Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Ülo, Ruprecht, Eszter, Rusina, Solvita, Šilc, Urban, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., van Bodegom, Peter M., Vassilev, Kiril, Weiher, Evan, Wright, Ian J., Lososová, Zdeňka, Večeřa, Martin, Axmanová, Irena, Chytrý, Milan, Divíšek, Jan, Ndiribe, Charlotte, Mones, Gonzalo Velasco, Čeplová, Natálie, Aćić, Svetlana, Bahn, Michael, Bergamini, Ariel, Boenisch, Gerhard, Biurrun, Idoia, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., Dengler, Jürgen, Jansen, Florian, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Kozub, Łukasz, Kuzemko, Anna, Minden, Vanessa, Mitchell, Rachel M., Moeslund, Jesper Erenskjold, Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Ülo, Ruprecht, Eszter, Rusina, Solvita, Šilc, Urban, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., van Bodegom, Peter M., Vassilev, Kiril, Weiher, Evan, Wright, Ian J., and Lososová, Zdeňka
Abstract: The relationship between phylogenetic diversity (PD) and functional diversity (FD) is important for understanding the mechanisms of community assembly. The traditional view assumes a coupled (positively correlated) relationship between these two diversity measures, suggesting that competitive exclusion and environmental filtering are important drivers of both phylogenetic and functional structure of communities. In contrast, there is evidence that communities might deviate from this pattern, exhibiting either phylogenetic overdispersion connected with trait convergence (decoupled PD) or functional overdispersion connected with phylogenetic clustering (decoupled FD). In this study, we examined the relationship between PD and FD within vascular-plant communities in European grasslands, focusing on decoupled PD-FD patterns. We hypothesized that the decoupled patterns are connected with past or current environmental changes and are rarer in comparison with the coupled PD-FD pattern, reflecting long-term relatively stable environments. We used 81,484 plots (communities) of European dry, mesic, wet and alpine grasslands, containing 4,119 angiosperm species, and data on six functional traits relevant for different plant functions and habitats (plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen content, seed mass and lateral spreading distance). Functional diversity was evaluated in two ways – as a single combined measure and as variability in each trait separately. We found various PD-FD patterns across different habitats, traits and regions, with the coupled pattern widespread but not universal. In many communities, we detected the tendency towards decoupled PD, likely caused by environmental filtering of phylogenetically diverse species pools. This was most pronounced in dry grasslands, and also in wet and alpine grasslands when FD based on plant height, leaf area or seed mass was considered. In contrast, the tendency towards decoupled FD was detected only in
Published: 2023

28. Termite sensitivity to temperature affects global wood decay rates

Author: Zanne, Amy E, Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Powell, Jeff R, Cornwell, William K, Dalling, James W, Austin, Amy T, Classen, Aimée T, Eggleton, Paul, Okada, Kei-Ichi, Parr, Catherine L, Adair, E Carol, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Alam, Md Azharul, Alvarez-Garzón, Carolina, Apgaua, Deborah, Aragón, Roxana, Ardon, Marcelo, Arndt, Stefan K, Ashton, Louise A, Barber, Nicholas A, Beauchêne, Jacques, Berg, Matty P, Beringer, Jason, Boer, Matthias M, Bonet, José Antonio, Bunney, Katherine, Burkhardt, Tynan J, Carvalho, Dulcinéia, Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis, Cernusak, Lucas A, Cheesman, Alexander W, Cirne-Silva, Tainá M, Cleverly, Jamie R, Cornelissen, Johannes H C, Curran, Timothy J, D'Angioli, André M, Dallstream, Caroline, Eisenhauer, Nico, Evouna Ondo, Fidele, Fajardo, Alex, Fernandez, Romina D, Ferrer, Astrid, Fontes, Marco A L, Galatowitsch, Mark L, González, Grizelle, Gottschall, Felix, Grace, Peter R, Granda, Elena, Griffiths, Hannah M, Guerra Lara, Mariana, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Hefting, Mariet M, Hinko-Najera, Nina, Hutley, Lindsay B, Jones, Jennifer, Kahl, Anja, Karan, Mirko, Keuskamp, Joost A, Lardner, Tim, Liddell, Michael, Macfarlane, Craig, Macinnis-Ng, Cate, Mariano, Ravi F, Méndez, M Soledad, Meyer, Wayne S, Mori, Akira S, Moura, Aloysio S, Northwood, Matthew, Ogaya, Romà, Oliveira, Rafael S, Orgiazzi, Alberto, Pardo, Juliana, Peguero, Guille, Penuelas, Josep, Perez, Luis I, Posada, Juan M, Prada, Cecilia M, Přívětivý, Tomáš, Prober, Suzanne M, Prunier, Jonathan, Quansah, Gabriel W, Resco de Dios, Víctor, Richter, Ronny, Robertson, Mark P, Rocha, Lucas F, Rúa, Megan A, Sarmiento, Carolina, Silberstein, Richard P, Silva, Mateus C, Siqueira, Flávia Freire, Stillwagon, Matthew Glenn, Stol, Jacqui, Taylor, Melanie K, Teste, François P, Tng, David Y P, Tucker, David, Türke, Manfred, Ulyshen, Michael D, Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J, van den Berg, Eduardo, van Logtestijn, Richard S P, Veen, G F Ciska, Vogel, Jason G, Wardlaw, Timothy J, Wiehl, Georg, Wirth, Christian, Woods, Michaela J, Zalamea, Paul-Camilo, Zanne, Amy E, Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Powell, Jeff R, Cornwell, William K, Dalling, James W, Austin, Amy T, Classen, Aimée T, Eggleton, Paul, Okada, Kei-Ichi, Parr, Catherine L, Adair, E Carol, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Alam, Md Azharul, Alvarez-Garzón, Carolina, Apgaua, Deborah, Aragón, Roxana, Ardon, Marcelo, Arndt, Stefan K, Ashton, Louise A, Barber, Nicholas A, Beauchêne, Jacques, Berg, Matty P, Beringer, Jason, Boer, Matthias M, Bonet, José Antonio, Bunney, Katherine, Burkhardt, Tynan J, Carvalho, Dulcinéia, Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis, Cernusak, Lucas A, Cheesman, Alexander W, Cirne-Silva, Tainá M, Cleverly, Jamie R, Cornelissen, Johannes H C, Curran, Timothy J, D'Angioli, André M, Dallstream, Caroline, Eisenhauer, Nico, Evouna Ondo, Fidele, Fajardo, Alex, Fernandez, Romina D, Ferrer, Astrid, Fontes, Marco A L, Galatowitsch, Mark L, González, Grizelle, Gottschall, Felix, Grace, Peter R, Granda, Elena, Griffiths, Hannah M, Guerra Lara, Mariana, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Hefting, Mariet M, Hinko-Najera, Nina, Hutley, Lindsay B, Jones, Jennifer, Kahl, Anja, Karan, Mirko, Keuskamp, Joost A, Lardner, Tim, Liddell, Michael, Macfarlane, Craig, Macinnis-Ng, Cate, Mariano, Ravi F, Méndez, M Soledad, Meyer, Wayne S, Mori, Akira S, Moura, Aloysio S, Northwood, Matthew, Ogaya, Romà, Oliveira, Rafael S, Orgiazzi, Alberto, Pardo, Juliana, Peguero, Guille, Penuelas, Josep, Perez, Luis I, Posada, Juan M, Prada, Cecilia M, Přívětivý, Tomáš, Prober, Suzanne M, Prunier, Jonathan, Quansah, Gabriel W, Resco de Dios, Víctor, Richter, Ronny, Robertson, Mark P, Rocha, Lucas F, Rúa, Megan A, Sarmiento, Carolina, Silberstein, Richard P, Silva, Mateus C, Siqueira, Flávia Freire, Stillwagon, Matthew Glenn, Stol, Jacqui, Taylor, Melanie K, Teste, François P, Tng, David Y P, Tucker, David, Türke, Manfred, Ulyshen, Michael D, Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J, van den Berg, Eduardo, van Logtestijn, Richard S P, Veen, G F Ciska, Vogel, Jason G, Wardlaw, Timothy J, Wiehl, Georg, Wirth, Christian, Woods, Michaela J, and Zalamea, Paul-Camilo
Abstract: Deadwood is a large global carbon store with its store size partially determined by biotic decay. Microbial wood decay rates are known to respond to changing temperature and precipitation. Termites are also important decomposers in the tropics but are less well studied. An understanding of their climate sensitivities is needed to estimate climate change effects on wood carbon pools. Using data from 133 sites spanning six continents, we found that termite wood discovery and consumption were highly sensitive to temperature (with decay increasing >6.8 times per 10°C increase in temperature)-even more so than microbes. Termite decay effects were greatest in tropical seasonal forests, tropical savannas, and subtropical deserts. With tropicalization (i.e., warming shifts to tropical climates), termite wood decay will likely increase as termites access more of Earth's surface.
Published: 2022

29. A Conceptual Framework to Integrate Biodiversity, Ecosystem Function, and Ecosystem Service Models

Author: Weiskopf, Sarah R., Myers, Bonnie J. E., Arce-Plata, Maria Isabel, Blanchard, Julia L., Ferrier, Simon, Fulton, Elizabeth A., Harfoot, Mike, Isbell, Forest, Johnson, Justin A., Mori, Akira S., Weng, Ensheng, Harmáčková, Zuzana V., Londoño-Murcia, María Cecilia, Miller, Brian W., Pereira, Laura M., Rosa, Isabel M. D., Weiskopf, Sarah R., Myers, Bonnie J. E., Arce-Plata, Maria Isabel, Blanchard, Julia L., Ferrier, Simon, Fulton, Elizabeth A., Harfoot, Mike, Isbell, Forest, Johnson, Justin A., Mori, Akira S., Weng, Ensheng, Harmáčková, Zuzana V., Londoño-Murcia, María Cecilia, Miller, Brian W., Pereira, Laura M., and Rosa, Isabel M. D.
Abstract: Global biodiversity and ecosystem service models typically operate independently. Ecosystem service projections may therefore be overly optimistic because they do not always account for the role of biodiversity in maintaining ecological functions. We review models used in recent global model intercomparison projects and develop a novel model integration framework to more fully account for the role of biodiversity in ecosystem function, a key gap for linking biodiversity changes to ecosystem services. We propose two integration pathways. The first uses empirical data on biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships to bridge biodiversity and ecosystem function models and could currently be implemented globally for systems and taxa with sufficient data. We also propose a trait-based approach involving greater incorporation of biodiversity into ecosystem function models. Pursuing both approaches will provide greater insight into biodiversity and ecosystem services projections. Integrating biodiversity, ecosystem function, and ecosystem service modeling will enhance policy development to meet global sustainability goals.
Published: 2022
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30. Increasing the uptake of ecological model results in policy decisions to improve biodiversity outcomes

Author: Weiskopf, Sarah R., Harmáčková, Zuzana V., Johnson, Ciara G., Londoño-Murcia, María Cecilia, Miller, Brian W., Myers, Bonnie J. E., Pereira, Laura, Arce-Plata, Maria Isabel, Blanchard, Julia L., Ferrier, Simon, Fulton, Elizabeth A., Harfoot, Mike, Isbell, Forest, Johnson, Justin A., Mori, Akira S., Weng, Ensheng, Rosa, Isabel M. D., Weiskopf, Sarah R., Harmáčková, Zuzana V., Johnson, Ciara G., Londoño-Murcia, María Cecilia, Miller, Brian W., Myers, Bonnie J. E., Pereira, Laura, Arce-Plata, Maria Isabel, Blanchard, Julia L., Ferrier, Simon, Fulton, Elizabeth A., Harfoot, Mike, Isbell, Forest, Johnson, Justin A., Mori, Akira S., Weng, Ensheng, and Rosa, Isabel M. D.
Abstract: Models help decision-makers anticipate the consequences of policies for ecosystems and people; for instance, improving our ability to represent interactions between human activities and ecological systems is essential to identify pathways to meet the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. However, use of modeling outputs in decision-making remains uncommon. We share insights from a multidisciplinary National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center working group on technical, communication, and process-related factors that facilitate or hamper uptake of model results. We emphasize that it is not simply technical model improvements, but active and iterative stakeholder involvement that can lead to more impactful outcomes. In particular, trust-and relationship-building with decision-makers are key for knowledge-based decision making. In this respect, nurturing knowledge exchange on the interpersonal (e.g., through participatory processes) and institutional level (e.g., through science-policy interfaces across scales) represents a promising approach. To this end, we offer a generalized approach for linking modeling and decision-making.
Published: 2022
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31. Plant community impact on productivity: Trait diversity or key(stone) species effects?

Author: Brun, Philipp, Violle, Cyrille, Mouillot, David, Mouquet, Nicolas, Enquist, Brian J., Munoz, François, Münkemüller, Tamara, Ostling, Annette, Zimmermann, Niklaus E., Thuiller, Wilfried, Mori, Akira, Brun, Philipp, Violle, Cyrille, Mouillot, David, Mouquet, Nicolas, Enquist, Brian J., Munoz, François, Münkemüller, Tamara, Ostling, Annette, Zimmermann, Niklaus E., Thuiller, Wilfried, and Mori, Akira
Abstract: Outside controlled experimental plots, the impact of community attributes on primary productivity has rarely been compared to that of individual species. Here, we identified plant species of high importance for productivity (key species) in >29,000 diverse grassland communities in the European Alps, and compared their effects with those of community-level measures of functional composition (weighted means, variances, skewness and kurtosis). After accounting for the environment, the five most important key species jointly explained more deviance of productivity than any measure of functional composition alone. Key species were generally tall with high specific leaf areas. By dividing the observations according to distinct habitats, the explanatory power of key species and functional composition increased and key-species plant types and functional composition-productivity relationships varied systematically, presumably because of changing interactions and trade-offs between traits. Our results advocate for a careful consideration of species’ individual effects on ecosystem functioning in complement to community-level measures.
Published: 2022
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32. Termite sensitivity to temperature affects global wood decay rates

Author: Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Zanne, Amy E, Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Powell, Jeff R, Cornwell, William K, Dalling, James W, Austin, Amy T, Classen, Aimée T, Eggleton, Paul, Okada, Kei-Ichi, Parr, Catherine L, Adair, E Carol, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Alam, Md Azharul, Alvarez-Garzón, Carolina, Apgaua, Deborah, Aragón, Roxana, Ardon, Marcelo, Arndt, Stefan K, Ashton, Louise A, Barber, Nicholas A, Beauchêne, Jacques, Berg, Matty P, Beringer, Jason, Boer, Matthias M, Bonet, José Antonio, Bunney, Katherine, Burkhardt, Tynan J, Carvalho, Dulcinéia, Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis, Cernusak, Lucas A, Cheesman, Alexander W, Cirne-Silva, Tainá M, Cleverly, Jamie R, Cornelissen, Johannes H C, Curran, Timothy J, D'Angioli, André M, Dallstream, Caroline, Eisenhauer, Nico, Evouna Ondo, Fidele, Fajardo, Alex, Fernandez, Romina D, Ferrer, Astrid, Fontes, Marco A L, Galatowitsch, Mark L, González, Grizelle, Gottschall, Felix, Grace, Peter R, Granda, Elena, Griffiths, Hannah M, Guerra Lara, Mariana, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Hefting, Mariet M, Hinko-Najera, Nina, Hutley, Lindsay B, Jones, Jennifer, Kahl, Anja, Karan, Mirko, Keuskamp, Joost A, Lardner, Tim, Liddell, Michael, Macfarlane, Craig, Macinnis-Ng, Cate, Mariano, Ravi F, Méndez, M Soledad, Meyer, Wayne S, Mori, Akira S, Moura, Aloysio S, Northwood, Matthew, Ogaya, Romà, Oliveira, Rafael S, Orgiazzi, Alberto, Pardo, Juliana, Peguero, Guille, Penuelas, Josep, Perez, Luis I, Posada, Juan M, Prada, Cecilia M, Přívětivý, Tomáš, Prober, Suzanne M, Prunier, Jonathan, Quansah, Gabriel W, Resco de Dios, Víctor, Richter, Ronny, Robertson, Mark P, Rocha, Lucas F, Rúa, Megan A, Sarmiento, Carolina, Silberstein, Richard P, Silva, Mateus C, Siqueira, Flávia Freire, Stillwagon, Matthew Glenn, Stol, Jacqui, Taylor, Melanie K, Teste, François P, Tng, David Y P, Tucker, David, Türke, Manfred, Ulyshen, Michael D, Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J, van den Berg, Eduardo, van Logtestijn, Richard S P, Veen, G F Ciska, Vogel, Jason G, Wardlaw, Timothy J, Wiehl, Georg, Wirth, Christian, Woods, Michaela J, Zalamea, Paul-Camilo, Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Zanne, Amy E, Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Powell, Jeff R, Cornwell, William K, Dalling, James W, Austin, Amy T, Classen, Aimée T, Eggleton, Paul, Okada, Kei-Ichi, Parr, Catherine L, Adair, E Carol, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Alam, Md Azharul, Alvarez-Garzón, Carolina, Apgaua, Deborah, Aragón, Roxana, Ardon, Marcelo, Arndt, Stefan K, Ashton, Louise A, Barber, Nicholas A, Beauchêne, Jacques, Berg, Matty P, Beringer, Jason, Boer, Matthias M, Bonet, José Antonio, Bunney, Katherine, Burkhardt, Tynan J, Carvalho, Dulcinéia, Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis, Cernusak, Lucas A, Cheesman, Alexander W, Cirne-Silva, Tainá M, Cleverly, Jamie R, Cornelissen, Johannes H C, Curran, Timothy J, D'Angioli, André M, Dallstream, Caroline, Eisenhauer, Nico, Evouna Ondo, Fidele, Fajardo, Alex, Fernandez, Romina D, Ferrer, Astrid, Fontes, Marco A L, Galatowitsch, Mark L, González, Grizelle, Gottschall, Felix, Grace, Peter R, Granda, Elena, Griffiths, Hannah M, Guerra Lara, Mariana, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Hefting, Mariet M, Hinko-Najera, Nina, Hutley, Lindsay B, Jones, Jennifer, Kahl, Anja, Karan, Mirko, Keuskamp, Joost A, Lardner, Tim, Liddell, Michael, Macfarlane, Craig, Macinnis-Ng, Cate, Mariano, Ravi F, Méndez, M Soledad, Meyer, Wayne S, Mori, Akira S, Moura, Aloysio S, Northwood, Matthew, Ogaya, Romà, Oliveira, Rafael S, Orgiazzi, Alberto, Pardo, Juliana, Peguero, Guille, Penuelas, Josep, Perez, Luis I, Posada, Juan M, Prada, Cecilia M, Přívětivý, Tomáš, Prober, Suzanne M, Prunier, Jonathan, Quansah, Gabriel W, Resco de Dios, Víctor, Richter, Ronny, Robertson, Mark P, Rocha, Lucas F, Rúa, Megan A, Sarmiento, Carolina, Silberstein, Richard P, Silva, Mateus C, Siqueira, Flávia Freire, Stillwagon, Matthew Glenn, Stol, Jacqui, Taylor, Melanie K, Teste, François P, Tng, David Y P, Tucker, David, Türke, Manfred, Ulyshen, Michael D, Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J, van den Berg, Eduardo, van Logtestijn, Richard S P, Veen, G F Ciska, Vogel, Jason G, Wardlaw, Timothy J, Wiehl, Georg, Wirth, Christian, Woods, Michaela J, and Zalamea, Paul-Camilo
Published: 2022

33. The contribution of intraspecific trait variation to changes in functional community structure along a stress gradient

Author: Kitagawa Ryo, Masumoto Shota, Kaneko Ryo, Uchida Masaki, Mori Akira S., Kitagawa Ryo, Masumoto Shota, Kaneko Ryo, Uchida Masaki, and Mori Akira S.
Published: 2022

34. Taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of fungi in a forest-tundra ecotone in Québec

Author: Matsuoka, Shunsuke, Doi, Hideyuki, Masumoto, Shota, Kitagawa, Ryo, Nishizawa, Keita, Tanaka, Kaho, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Hobara, Satoru, Osono, Takashi, Mori, Akira S., Uchida, Masaki, Matsuoka, Shunsuke, Doi, Hideyuki, Masumoto, Shota, Kitagawa, Ryo, Nishizawa, Keita, Tanaka, Kaho, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Hobara, Satoru, Osono, Takashi, Mori, Akira S., and Uchida, Masaki
Abstract: type:Article
Published: 2022

35. High exposure of global tree diversity to human pressure.

Author: Guo, Wen-Yong, Guo, Wen-Yong, Serra-Diaz, Josep M, Schrodt, Franziska, Eiserhardt, Wolf L, Maitner, Brian S, Merow, Cory, Violle, Cyrille, Anand, Madhur, Belluau, Michaël, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A, Cerabolini, Bruno EL, Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Cornelissen, J Hans C, Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, de Frutos, Angel, Dias, Arildo S, Giroldo, Aelton B, Guo, Kun, Gutiérrez, Alvaro G, Hattingh, Wesley, He, Tianhua, Hietz, Peter, Hough-Snee, Nate, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Klein, Tamir, Komac, Benjamin, Kraft, Nathan JB, Kramer, Koen, Lavorel, Sandra, Lusk, Christopher H, Martin, Adam R, Mencuccini, Maurizio, Michaletz, Sean T, Minden, Vanessa, Mori, Akira S, Niinemets, Ülo, Onoda, Yusuke, Peñuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valério D, Pisek, Jan, Robroek, Bjorn JM, Schamp, Brandon, Slot, Martijn, Sosinski, Ênio Egon, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A, Thiffault, Nelson, van Bodegom, Peter, van der Plas, Fons, Wright, Ian J, Xu, Wu-Bing, Zheng, Jingming, Enquist, Brian J, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Guo, Wen-Yong, Guo, Wen-Yong, Serra-Diaz, Josep M, Schrodt, Franziska, Eiserhardt, Wolf L, Maitner, Brian S, Merow, Cory, Violle, Cyrille, Anand, Madhur, Belluau, Michaël, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A, Cerabolini, Bruno EL, Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Cornelissen, J Hans C, Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, de Frutos, Angel, Dias, Arildo S, Giroldo, Aelton B, Guo, Kun, Gutiérrez, Alvaro G, Hattingh, Wesley, He, Tianhua, Hietz, Peter, Hough-Snee, Nate, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Klein, Tamir, Komac, Benjamin, Kraft, Nathan JB, Kramer, Koen, Lavorel, Sandra, Lusk, Christopher H, Martin, Adam R, Mencuccini, Maurizio, Michaletz, Sean T, Minden, Vanessa, Mori, Akira S, Niinemets, Ülo, Onoda, Yusuke, Peñuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valério D, Pisek, Jan, Robroek, Bjorn JM, Schamp, Brandon, Slot, Martijn, Sosinski, Ênio Egon, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A, Thiffault, Nelson, van Bodegom, Peter, van der Plas, Fons, Wright, Ian J, Xu, Wu-Bing, Zheng, Jingming, Enquist, Brian J, and Svenning, Jens-Christian
Abstract: Safeguarding Earth's tree diversity is a conservation priority due to the importance of trees for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services such as carbon sequestration. Here, we improve the foundation for effective conservation of global tree diversity by analyzing a recently developed database of tree species covering 46,752 species. We quantify range protection and anthropogenic pressures for each species and develop conservation priorities across taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity dimensions. We also assess the effectiveness of several influential proposed conservation prioritization frameworks to protect the top 17% and top 50% of tree priority areas. We find that an average of 50.2% of a tree species' range occurs in 110-km grid cells without any protected areas (PAs), with 6,377 small-range tree species fully unprotected, and that 83% of tree species experience nonnegligible human pressure across their range on average. Protecting high-priority areas for the top 17% and 50% priority thresholds would increase the average protected proportion of each tree species' range to 65.5% and 82.6%, respectively, leaving many fewer species (2,151 and 2,010) completely unprotected. The priority areas identified for trees match well to the Global 200 Ecoregions framework, revealing that priority areas for trees would in large part also optimize protection for terrestrial biodiversity overall. Based on range estimates for >46,000 tree species, our findings show that a large proportion of tree species receive limited protection by current PAs and are under substantial human pressure. Improved protection of biodiversity overall would also strongly benefit global tree diversity.
Published: 2022

36. Functional Gene Composition of Soil Microbial Communities Across a Latitudinal Gradient in the Arctic Region

Author: WONG, Shu-Kuan, KANEKO, Ryo, MASUMOTO, Shota, KITAGAWA, Ryo, MORI, Akira S., UCHIDA, Masaki, WONG, Shu-Kuan, KANEKO, Ryo, MASUMOTO, Shota, KITAGAWA, Ryo, MORI, Akira S., and UCHIDA, Masaki
Published: 2022

37. The contribution of intraspecific trait variation to changes in functional community structure along a stress gradient

Author: Kitagawa Ryo, Masumoto Shota, Kaneko Ryo, Uchida Masaki, Mori Akira S., Kitagawa Ryo, Masumoto Shota, Kaneko Ryo, Uchida Masaki, and Mori Akira S.
Published: 2022

38. Plant community impact on productivity: Trait diversity or key(stone) species effects?

Author: Brun, Philipp, Violle, Cyrille, Mouillot, David, Mouquet, Nicolas, Enquist, Brian J., Munoz, François, Münkemüller, Tamara, Ostling, Annette, Zimmermann, Niklaus E., Thuiller, Wilfried, Mori, Akira, Brun, Philipp, Violle, Cyrille, Mouillot, David, Mouquet, Nicolas, Enquist, Brian J., Munoz, François, Münkemüller, Tamara, Ostling, Annette, Zimmermann, Niklaus E., Thuiller, Wilfried, and Mori, Akira
Abstract: Outside controlled experimental plots, the impact of community attributes on primary productivity has rarely been compared to that of individual species. Here, we identified plant species of high importance for productivity (key species) in >29,000 diverse grassland communities in the European Alps, and compared their effects with those of community-level measures of functional composition (weighted means, variances, skewness and kurtosis). After accounting for the environment, the five most important key species jointly explained more deviance of productivity than any measure of functional composition alone. Key species were generally tall with high specific leaf areas. By dividing the observations according to distinct habitats, the explanatory power of key species and functional composition increased and key-species plant types and functional composition-productivity relationships varied systematically, presumably because of changing interactions and trade-offs between traits. Our results advocate for a careful consideration of species’ individual effects on ecosystem functioning in complement to community-level measures.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

39. Global relationships in tree functional traits

Author: Maynard, Daniel S., Bialic-Murphy, Lalasia, Zohner, Constantin, Averill, Colin, Hoogen, Johan van den, Ma, Haozhi, Mo, Lidong, Smith, Gabriel Reuben, Acosta, Alicia T. R., Aubin, Isabelle, Berenguer, Erika, Boonman, Coline C. F., Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Dias, Arildo S., González-Melo, Andrés, Hietz, Peter, Lusk, Christopher H., Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Ülo, Pillar, Valério D., Pinho, Bruno X., Rosell, Julieta A., Schurr, Frank, Sheremetev, Serge N., Silva, Ana Carolina Feldenheimer da, Sosinski, Ênio, Bodegom, Peter M. van, Weiher, Evan, Bönisch, Gerhard, Kattge, Jens, Crowther, Thomas Ward, Maynard, Daniel S., Bialic-Murphy, Lalasia, Zohner, Constantin, Averill, Colin, Hoogen, Johan van den, Ma, Haozhi, Mo, Lidong, Smith, Gabriel Reuben, Acosta, Alicia T. R., Aubin, Isabelle, Berenguer, Erika, Boonman, Coline C. F., Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Dias, Arildo S., González-Melo, Andrés, Hietz, Peter, Lusk, Christopher H., Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Ülo, Pillar, Valério D., Pinho, Bruno X., Rosell, Julieta A., Schurr, Frank, Sheremetev, Serge N., Silva, Ana Carolina Feldenheimer da, Sosinski, Ênio, Bodegom, Peter M. van, Weiher, Evan, Bönisch, Gerhard, Kattge, Jens, and Crowther, Thomas Ward
Abstract: Due to massive energetic investments in woody support structures, trees are subject to unique physiological, mechanical, and ecological pressures not experienced by herbaceous plants. Despite a wealth of studies exploring trait relationships across the entire plant kingdom, the dominant traits underpinning these unique aspects of tree form and function remain unclear. Here, by considering 18 functional traits, encompassing leaf, seed, bark, wood, crown, and root characteristics, we quantify the multidimensional relationships in tree trait expression. We find that nearly half of trait variation is captured by two axes: one reflecting leaf economics, the other reflecting tree size and competition for light. Yet these orthogonal axes reveal strong environmental convergence, exhibiting correlated responses to temperature, moisture, and elevation. By subsequently exploring multidimensional trait relationships, we show that the full dimensionality of trait space is captured by eight distinct clusters, each reflecting a unique aspect of tree form and function. Collectively, this work identifies a core set of traits needed to quantify global patterns in functional biodiversity, and it contributes to our fundamental understanding of the functioning of forests worldwide.
Published: 2022

40. Termite sensitivity to temperature affects global wood decay rates

Author: Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Zanne, Amy E, Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Powell, Jeff R, Cornwell, William K, Dalling, James W, Austin, Amy T, Classen, Aimée T, Eggleton, Paul, Okada, Kei-Ichi, Parr, Catherine L, Adair, E Carol, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Alam, Md Azharul, Alvarez-Garzón, Carolina, Apgaua, Deborah, Aragón, Roxana, Ardon, Marcelo, Arndt, Stefan K, Ashton, Louise A, Barber, Nicholas A, Beauchêne, Jacques, Berg, Matty P, Beringer, Jason, Boer, Matthias M, Bonet, José Antonio, Bunney, Katherine, Burkhardt, Tynan J, Carvalho, Dulcinéia, Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis, Cernusak, Lucas A, Cheesman, Alexander W, Cirne-Silva, Tainá M, Cleverly, Jamie R, Cornelissen, Johannes H C, Curran, Timothy J, D'Angioli, André M, Dallstream, Caroline, Eisenhauer, Nico, Evouna Ondo, Fidele, Fajardo, Alex, Fernandez, Romina D, Ferrer, Astrid, Fontes, Marco A L, Galatowitsch, Mark L, González, Grizelle, Gottschall, Felix, Grace, Peter R, Granda, Elena, Griffiths, Hannah M, Guerra Lara, Mariana, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Hefting, Mariet M, Hinko-Najera, Nina, Hutley, Lindsay B, Jones, Jennifer, Kahl, Anja, Karan, Mirko, Keuskamp, Joost A, Lardner, Tim, Liddell, Michael, Macfarlane, Craig, Macinnis-Ng, Cate, Mariano, Ravi F, Méndez, M Soledad, Meyer, Wayne S, Mori, Akira S, Moura, Aloysio S, Northwood, Matthew, Ogaya, Romà, Oliveira, Rafael S, Orgiazzi, Alberto, Pardo, Juliana, Peguero, Guille, Penuelas, Josep, Perez, Luis I, Posada, Juan M, Prada, Cecilia M, Přívětivý, Tomáš, Prober, Suzanne M, Prunier, Jonathan, Quansah, Gabriel W, Resco de Dios, Víctor, Richter, Ronny, Robertson, Mark P, Rocha, Lucas F, Rúa, Megan A, Sarmiento, Carolina, Silberstein, Richard P, Silva, Mateus C, Siqueira, Flávia Freire, Stillwagon, Matthew Glenn, Stol, Jacqui, Taylor, Melanie K, Teste, François P, Tng, David Y P, Tucker, David, Türke, Manfred, Ulyshen, Michael D, Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J, van den Berg, Eduardo, van Logtestijn, Richard S P, Veen, G F Ciska, Vogel, Jason G, Wardlaw, Timothy J, Wiehl, Georg, Wirth, Christian, Woods, Michaela J, Zalamea, Paul-Camilo, Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Zanne, Amy E, Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Powell, Jeff R, Cornwell, William K, Dalling, James W, Austin, Amy T, Classen, Aimée T, Eggleton, Paul, Okada, Kei-Ichi, Parr, Catherine L, Adair, E Carol, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Alam, Md Azharul, Alvarez-Garzón, Carolina, Apgaua, Deborah, Aragón, Roxana, Ardon, Marcelo, Arndt, Stefan K, Ashton, Louise A, Barber, Nicholas A, Beauchêne, Jacques, Berg, Matty P, Beringer, Jason, Boer, Matthias M, Bonet, José Antonio, Bunney, Katherine, Burkhardt, Tynan J, Carvalho, Dulcinéia, Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis, Cernusak, Lucas A, Cheesman, Alexander W, Cirne-Silva, Tainá M, Cleverly, Jamie R, Cornelissen, Johannes H C, Curran, Timothy J, D'Angioli, André M, Dallstream, Caroline, Eisenhauer, Nico, Evouna Ondo, Fidele, Fajardo, Alex, Fernandez, Romina D, Ferrer, Astrid, Fontes, Marco A L, Galatowitsch, Mark L, González, Grizelle, Gottschall, Felix, Grace, Peter R, Granda, Elena, Griffiths, Hannah M, Guerra Lara, Mariana, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Hefting, Mariet M, Hinko-Najera, Nina, Hutley, Lindsay B, Jones, Jennifer, Kahl, Anja, Karan, Mirko, Keuskamp, Joost A, Lardner, Tim, Liddell, Michael, Macfarlane, Craig, Macinnis-Ng, Cate, Mariano, Ravi F, Méndez, M Soledad, Meyer, Wayne S, Mori, Akira S, Moura, Aloysio S, Northwood, Matthew, Ogaya, Romà, Oliveira, Rafael S, Orgiazzi, Alberto, Pardo, Juliana, Peguero, Guille, Penuelas, Josep, Perez, Luis I, Posada, Juan M, Prada, Cecilia M, Přívětivý, Tomáš, Prober, Suzanne M, Prunier, Jonathan, Quansah, Gabriel W, Resco de Dios, Víctor, Richter, Ronny, Robertson, Mark P, Rocha, Lucas F, Rúa, Megan A, Sarmiento, Carolina, Silberstein, Richard P, Silva, Mateus C, Siqueira, Flávia Freire, Stillwagon, Matthew Glenn, Stol, Jacqui, Taylor, Melanie K, Teste, François P, Tng, David Y P, Tucker, David, Türke, Manfred, Ulyshen, Michael D, Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J, van den Berg, Eduardo, van Logtestijn, Richard S P, Veen, G F Ciska, Vogel, Jason G, Wardlaw, Timothy J, Wiehl, Georg, Wirth, Christian, Woods, Michaela J, and Zalamea, Paul-Camilo
Published: 2022

41. Termite sensitivity to temperature affects global wood decay rates

Author: Zanne, Amy E., Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Powell, Jeff R., Cornwell, William K., Dalling, James W., Austin, Amy T., Classen, Aimée T., Eggleton, Paul, Okada, Kei Ichi, Parr, Catherine L., Carol Adair, E., Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Alam, Md Azharul, Alvarez-Garzón, Carolina, Apgaua, Deborah, Aragón, Roxana, Ardon, Marcelo, Arndt, Stefan K., Ashton, Louise A., Barber, Nicholas A., Beauchêne, Jacques, Berg, Matty P., Beringer, Jason, Boer, Matthias M., Bonet, José Antonio, Bunney, Katherine, Burkhardt, Tynan J., Carvalho, Dulcinéia, Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis, Cernusak, Lucas A., Cheesman, Alexander W., Cirne-Silva, Tainá M., Cleverly, Jamie R., Cornelissen, Johannes H.C., Curran, Timothy J., D’Angioli, André M., Dallstream, Caroline, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ondo, Fidele Evouna, Fajardo, Alex, Fernandez, Romina D., Ferrer, Astrid, Fontes, Marco A.L., Galatowitsch, Mark L., González, Grizelle, Gottschall, Felix, Grace, Peter R., Granda, Elena, Griffiths, Hannah M., Lara, Mariana Guerra, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Hefting, Mariet M., Hinko-Najera, Nina, Hutley, Lindsay B., Jones, Jennifer, Kahl, Anja, Karan, Mirko, Keuskamp, Joost A., Lardner, Tim, Liddell, Michael, Macfarlane, Craig, Macinnis-Ng, Cate, Mariano, Ravi F., Soledad Méndez, M., Meyer, Wayne S., Mori, Akira S., Moura, Aloysio S., Northwood, Matthew, Ogaya, Romà, Oliveira, Rafael S., Orgiazzi, Alberto, Pardo, Juliana, Peguero, Guille, Penuelas, Josep, Perez, Luis I., Posada, Juan M., Prada, Cecilia M., Přívětivý, Tomáš, Prober, Suzanne M., Prunier, Jonathan, Quansah, Gabriel W., de Dios, Víctor Resco, Richter, Ronny, Robertson, Mark P., Rocha, Lucas F., Rúa, Megan A., Sarmiento, Carolina, Silberstein, Richard P., Silva, Mateus C., Siqueira, Flávia Freire, Stillwagon, Matthew Glenn, Stol, Jacqui, Taylor, Melanie K., Teste, François P., Tng, David Y.P., Tucker, David, Türke, Manfred, Ulyshen, Michael D., Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J., van den Berg, Eduardo, van Logtestijn, Richard S.P., Ciska Veen, G. F., Vogel, Jason G., Wardlaw, Timothy J., Wiehl, Georg, Wirth, Christian, Woods, Michaela J., Zalamea, Paul Camilo, Zanne, Amy E., Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Powell, Jeff R., Cornwell, William K., Dalling, James W., Austin, Amy T., Classen, Aimée T., Eggleton, Paul, Okada, Kei Ichi, Parr, Catherine L., Carol Adair, E., Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Alam, Md Azharul, Alvarez-Garzón, Carolina, Apgaua, Deborah, Aragón, Roxana, Ardon, Marcelo, Arndt, Stefan K., Ashton, Louise A., Barber, Nicholas A., Beauchêne, Jacques, Berg, Matty P., Beringer, Jason, Boer, Matthias M., Bonet, José Antonio, Bunney, Katherine, Burkhardt, Tynan J., Carvalho, Dulcinéia, Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis, Cernusak, Lucas A., Cheesman, Alexander W., Cirne-Silva, Tainá M., Cleverly, Jamie R., Cornelissen, Johannes H.C., Curran, Timothy J., D’Angioli, André M., Dallstream, Caroline, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ondo, Fidele Evouna, Fajardo, Alex, Fernandez, Romina D., Ferrer, Astrid, Fontes, Marco A.L., Galatowitsch, Mark L., González, Grizelle, Gottschall, Felix, Grace, Peter R., Granda, Elena, Griffiths, Hannah M., Lara, Mariana Guerra, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Hefting, Mariet M., Hinko-Najera, Nina, Hutley, Lindsay B., Jones, Jennifer, Kahl, Anja, Karan, Mirko, Keuskamp, Joost A., Lardner, Tim, Liddell, Michael, Macfarlane, Craig, Macinnis-Ng, Cate, Mariano, Ravi F., Soledad Méndez, M., Meyer, Wayne S., Mori, Akira S., Moura, Aloysio S., Northwood, Matthew, Ogaya, Romà, Oliveira, Rafael S., Orgiazzi, Alberto, Pardo, Juliana, Peguero, Guille, Penuelas, Josep, Perez, Luis I., Posada, Juan M., Prada, Cecilia M., Přívětivý, Tomáš, Prober, Suzanne M., Prunier, Jonathan, Quansah, Gabriel W., de Dios, Víctor Resco, Richter, Ronny, Robertson, Mark P., Rocha, Lucas F., Rúa, Megan A., Sarmiento, Carolina, Silberstein, Richard P., Silva, Mateus C., Siqueira, Flávia Freire, Stillwagon, Matthew Glenn, Stol, Jacqui, Taylor, Melanie K., Teste, François P., Tng, David Y.P., Tucker, David, Türke, Manfred, Ulyshen, Michael D., Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J., van den Berg, Eduardo, van Logtestijn, Richard S.P., Ciska Veen, G. F., Vogel, Jason G., Wardlaw, Timothy J., Wiehl, Georg, Wirth, Christian, Woods, Michaela J., and Zalamea, Paul Camilo
Abstract: Deadwood is a large global carbon store with its store size partially determined by biotic decay. Microbial wood decay rates are known to respond to changing temperature and precipitation. Termites are also important decomposers in the tropics but are less well studied. An understanding of their climate sensitivities is needed to estimate climate change effects on wood carbon pools. Using data from 133 sites spanning six continents, we found that termite wood discovery and consumption were highly sensitive to temperature (with decay increasing >6.8 times per 10°C increase in temperature)—even more so than microbes. Termite decay effects were greatest in tropical seasonal forests, tropical savannas, and subtropical deserts. With tropicalization (i.e., warming shifts to tropical climates), termite wood decay will likely increase as termites access more of Earth’s surface.
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

42. Termite sensitivity to temperature affects global wood decay rates

Author: Zanne, Amy E., Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Powell, Jeff R., Cornwell, William K., Dalling, James W., Austin, Amy T., Classen, Aimée T., Eggleton, Paul, Okada, Kei Ichi, Parr, Catherine L., Carol Adair, E., Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Alam, Md Azharul, Alvarez-Garzón, Carolina, Apgaua, Deborah, Aragón, Roxana, Ardon, Marcelo, Arndt, Stefan K., Ashton, Louise A., Barber, Nicholas A., Beauchêne, Jacques, Berg, Matty P., Beringer, Jason, Boer, Matthias M., Bonet, José Antonio, Bunney, Katherine, Burkhardt, Tynan J., Carvalho, Dulcinéia, Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis, Cernusak, Lucas A., Cheesman, Alexander W., Cirne-Silva, Tainá M., Cleverly, Jamie R., Cornelissen, Johannes H.C., Curran, Timothy J., D’Angioli, André M., Dallstream, Caroline, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ondo, Fidele Evouna, Fajardo, Alex, Fernandez, Romina D., Ferrer, Astrid, Fontes, Marco A.L., Galatowitsch, Mark L., González, Grizelle, Gottschall, Felix, Grace, Peter R., Granda, Elena, Griffiths, Hannah M., Lara, Mariana Guerra, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Hefting, Mariet M., Hinko-Najera, Nina, Hutley, Lindsay B., Jones, Jennifer, Kahl, Anja, Karan, Mirko, Keuskamp, Joost A., Lardner, Tim, Liddell, Michael, Macfarlane, Craig, Macinnis-Ng, Cate, Mariano, Ravi F., Soledad Méndez, M., Meyer, Wayne S., Mori, Akira S., Moura, Aloysio S., Northwood, Matthew, Ogaya, Romà, Oliveira, Rafael S., Orgiazzi, Alberto, Pardo, Juliana, Peguero, Guille, Penuelas, Josep, Perez, Luis I., Posada, Juan M., Prada, Cecilia M., Přívětivý, Tomáš, Prober, Suzanne M., Prunier, Jonathan, Quansah, Gabriel W., de Dios, Víctor Resco, Richter, Ronny, Robertson, Mark P., Rocha, Lucas F., Rúa, Megan A., Sarmiento, Carolina, Silberstein, Richard P., Silva, Mateus C., Siqueira, Flávia Freire, Stillwagon, Matthew Glenn, Stol, Jacqui, Taylor, Melanie K., Teste, François P., Tng, David Y.P., Tucker, David, Türke, Manfred, Ulyshen, Michael D., Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J., van den Berg, Eduardo, van Logtestijn, Richard S.P., Ciska Veen, G. F., Vogel, Jason G., Wardlaw, Timothy J., Wiehl, Georg, Wirth, Christian, Woods, Michaela J., Zalamea, Paul Camilo, Zanne, Amy E., Flores-Moreno, Habacuc, Powell, Jeff R., Cornwell, William K., Dalling, James W., Austin, Amy T., Classen, Aimée T., Eggleton, Paul, Okada, Kei Ichi, Parr, Catherine L., Carol Adair, E., Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Alam, Md Azharul, Alvarez-Garzón, Carolina, Apgaua, Deborah, Aragón, Roxana, Ardon, Marcelo, Arndt, Stefan K., Ashton, Louise A., Barber, Nicholas A., Beauchêne, Jacques, Berg, Matty P., Beringer, Jason, Boer, Matthias M., Bonet, José Antonio, Bunney, Katherine, Burkhardt, Tynan J., Carvalho, Dulcinéia, Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis, Cernusak, Lucas A., Cheesman, Alexander W., Cirne-Silva, Tainá M., Cleverly, Jamie R., Cornelissen, Johannes H.C., Curran, Timothy J., D’Angioli, André M., Dallstream, Caroline, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ondo, Fidele Evouna, Fajardo, Alex, Fernandez, Romina D., Ferrer, Astrid, Fontes, Marco A.L., Galatowitsch, Mark L., González, Grizelle, Gottschall, Felix, Grace, Peter R., Granda, Elena, Griffiths, Hannah M., Lara, Mariana Guerra, Hasegawa, Motohiro, Hefting, Mariet M., Hinko-Najera, Nina, Hutley, Lindsay B., Jones, Jennifer, Kahl, Anja, Karan, Mirko, Keuskamp, Joost A., Lardner, Tim, Liddell, Michael, Macfarlane, Craig, Macinnis-Ng, Cate, Mariano, Ravi F., Soledad Méndez, M., Meyer, Wayne S., Mori, Akira S., Moura, Aloysio S., Northwood, Matthew, Ogaya, Romà, Oliveira, Rafael S., Orgiazzi, Alberto, Pardo, Juliana, Peguero, Guille, Penuelas, Josep, Perez, Luis I., Posada, Juan M., Prada, Cecilia M., Přívětivý, Tomáš, Prober, Suzanne M., Prunier, Jonathan, Quansah, Gabriel W., de Dios, Víctor Resco, Richter, Ronny, Robertson, Mark P., Rocha, Lucas F., Rúa, Megan A., Sarmiento, Carolina, Silberstein, Richard P., Silva, Mateus C., Siqueira, Flávia Freire, Stillwagon, Matthew Glenn, Stol, Jacqui, Taylor, Melanie K., Teste, François P., Tng, David Y.P., Tucker, David, Türke, Manfred, Ulyshen, Michael D., Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J., van den Berg, Eduardo, van Logtestijn, Richard S.P., Ciska Veen, G. F., Vogel, Jason G., Wardlaw, Timothy J., Wiehl, Georg, Wirth, Christian, Woods, Michaela J., and Zalamea, Paul Camilo
Abstract: Deadwood is a large global carbon store with its store size partially determined by biotic decay. Microbial wood decay rates are known to respond to changing temperature and precipitation. Termites are also important decomposers in the tropics but are less well studied. An understanding of their climate sensitivities is needed to estimate climate change effects on wood carbon pools. Using data from 133 sites spanning six continents, we found that termite wood discovery and consumption were highly sensitive to temperature (with decay increasing >6.8 times per 10°C increase in temperature)—even more so than microbes. Termite decay effects were greatest in tropical seasonal forests, tropical savannas, and subtropical deserts. With tropicalization (i.e., warming shifts to tropical climates), termite wood decay will likely increase as termites access more of Earth’s surface.
Published: 2022

43. High exposure of global tree diversity to human pressure

Author: Guo, Wen-Yong, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Schrodt, Franziska, Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Maitner, Brian S., Merow, Cory, Violle, Cyrille, Anand, Madhur, Belluau, Michaël, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, de Frutos, Angel, Dias, Arildo S., Giroldo, Aelton B., Guo, Kun, Gutiérrez, Alvaro G., Hattingh, Wesley, He, Tianhua, Hietz, Peter, Hough-Snee, Nate, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Klein, Tamir, Komac, Benjamin, Kraft, Nathan J. B., Kramer, Koen, Lavorel, Sandra, Lusk, Christopher H., Martin, Adam R., Mencuccini, Maurizio, Michaletz, Sean T., Minden, Vanessa, Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Ülo, Onoda, Yusuke, Peñuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valério D., Pisek, Jan, Robroek, Bjorn J. M., Schamp, Brandon, Slot, Martijn, Sosinski, Ênio Egon, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Thiffault, Nelson, van Bodegom, Peter, van der Plas, Fons, Wright, Ian J., Xu, Wu-Bing, Zheng, Jingming, Enquist, Brian J., Svenning, Jens-Christian, Guo, Wen-Yong, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Schrodt, Franziska, Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Maitner, Brian S., Merow, Cory, Violle, Cyrille, Anand, Madhur, Belluau, Michaël, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, de Frutos, Angel, Dias, Arildo S., Giroldo, Aelton B., Guo, Kun, Gutiérrez, Alvaro G., Hattingh, Wesley, He, Tianhua, Hietz, Peter, Hough-Snee, Nate, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Klein, Tamir, Komac, Benjamin, Kraft, Nathan J. B., Kramer, Koen, Lavorel, Sandra, Lusk, Christopher H., Martin, Adam R., Mencuccini, Maurizio, Michaletz, Sean T., Minden, Vanessa, Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Ülo, Onoda, Yusuke, Peñuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valério D., Pisek, Jan, Robroek, Bjorn J. M., Schamp, Brandon, Slot, Martijn, Sosinski, Ênio Egon, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Thiffault, Nelson, van Bodegom, Peter, van der Plas, Fons, Wright, Ian J., Xu, Wu-Bing, Zheng, Jingming, Enquist, Brian J., and Svenning, Jens-Christian
Abstract: Safeguarding Earth’s tree diversity is a conservation priority due to the importance of trees for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services such as carbon sequestration. Here, we improve the foundation for effective conservation of global tree diversity by analyzing a recently developed database of tree species covering 46,752 species. We quantify range protection and anthropogenic pressures for each species and develop conservation priorities across taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity dimensions. We also assess the effectiveness of several influential proposed conservation prioritization frameworks to protect the top 17% and top 50% of tree priority areas. We find that an average of 50.2% of a tree species’ range occurs in 110-km grid cells without any protected areas (PAs), with 6,377 small-range tree species fully unprotected, and that 83% of tree species experience nonnegligible human pressure across their range on average. Protecting high-priority areas for the top 17% and 50% priority thresholds would increase the average protected proportion of each tree species’ range to 65.5% and 82.6%, respectively, leaving many fewer species (2,151 and 2,010) completely unprotected. The priority areas identified for trees match well to the Global 200 Ecoregions framework, revealing that priority areas for trees would in large part also optimize protection for terrestrial biodiversity overall. Based on range estimates for >46,000 tree species, our findings show that a large proportion of tree species receive limited protection by current PAs and are under substantial human pressure. Improved protection of biodiversity overall would also strongly benefit global tree diversity.
Published: 2022

44. High exposure of global tree diversity to human pressure

Author: Guo, Wen-Yong, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Schrodt, Franziska, Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Maitner, Brian S., Merow, Cory, Violle, Cyrille, Anand, Madhur, Belluau, Michaël, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, de Frutos, Angel, Dias, Arildo S., Giroldo, Aelton B., Guo, Kun, Gutiérrez, Alvaro G., Hattingh, Wesley, He, Tianhua, Hietz, Peter, Hough-Snee, Nate, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Klein, Tamir, Komac, Benjamin, Kraft, Nathan J. B., Kramer, Koen, Lavorel, Sandra, Lusk, Christopher H., Martin, Adam R., Mencuccini, Maurizio, Michaletz, Sean T., Minden, Vanessa, Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Ülo, Onoda, Yusuke, Peñuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valério D., Pisek, Jan, Robroek, Bjorn J. M., Schamp, Brandon, Slot, Martijn, Sosinski, Ênio Egon, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Thiffault, Nelson, van Bodegom, Peter, van der Plas, Fons, Wright, Ian J., Xu, Wu-Bing, Zheng, Jingming, Enquist, Brian J., Svenning, Jens-Christian, Guo, Wen-Yong, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Schrodt, Franziska, Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Maitner, Brian S., Merow, Cory, Violle, Cyrille, Anand, Madhur, Belluau, Michaël, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, de Frutos, Angel, Dias, Arildo S., Giroldo, Aelton B., Guo, Kun, Gutiérrez, Alvaro G., Hattingh, Wesley, He, Tianhua, Hietz, Peter, Hough-Snee, Nate, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Klein, Tamir, Komac, Benjamin, Kraft, Nathan J. B., Kramer, Koen, Lavorel, Sandra, Lusk, Christopher H., Martin, Adam R., Mencuccini, Maurizio, Michaletz, Sean T., Minden, Vanessa, Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Ülo, Onoda, Yusuke, Peñuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valério D., Pisek, Jan, Robroek, Bjorn J. M., Schamp, Brandon, Slot, Martijn, Sosinski, Ênio Egon, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Thiffault, Nelson, van Bodegom, Peter, van der Plas, Fons, Wright, Ian J., Xu, Wu-Bing, Zheng, Jingming, Enquist, Brian J., and Svenning, Jens-Christian
Abstract: Safeguarding Earth’s tree diversity is a conservation priority due to the importance of trees for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services such as carbon sequestration. Here, we improve the foundation for effective conservation of global tree diversity by analyzing a recently developed database of tree species covering 46,752 species. We quantify range protection and anthropogenic pressures for each species and develop conservation priorities across taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity dimensions. We also assess the effectiveness of several influential proposed conservation prioritization frameworks to protect the top 17% and top 50% of tree priority areas. We find that an average of 50.2% of a tree species’ range occurs in 110-km grid cells without any protected areas (PAs), with 6,377 small-range tree species fully unprotected, and that 83% of tree species experience nonnegligible human pressure across their range on average. Protecting high-priority areas for the top 17% and 50% priority thresholds would increase the average protected proportion of each tree species’ range to 65.5% and 82.6%, respectively, leaving many fewer species (2,151 and 2,010) completely unprotected. The priority areas identified for trees match well to the Global 200 Ecoregions framework, revealing that priority areas for trees would in large part also optimize protection for terrestrial biodiversity overall. Based on range estimates for >46,000 tree species, our findings show that a large proportion of tree species receive limited protection by current PAs and are under substantial human pressure. Improved protection of biodiversity overall would also strongly benefit global tree diversity.
Published: 2022

45. High exposure of global tree diversity to human pressure

Author: Guo, Wen Yong, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Schrodt, Franziska, Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Maitner, Brian S., Merow, Cory, Violle, Cyrille, Anand, Madhur, Belluau, Michaël, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno E.L., Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Cornelissen, J.H.C., Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, de Frutos, Angel, Dias, Arildo S., Giroldo, Aelton B., Guo, Kun, Gutiérrez, Alvaro G., Hattingh, Wesley, He, Tianhua, Hietz, Peter, Hough-Snee, Nate, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Klein, Tamir, Komac, Benjamin, Kraft, Nathan J.B., Kramer, Koen, Lavorel, Sandra, Lusk, Christopher H., Martin, Adam R., Mencuccini, Maurizio, Michaletz, Sean T., Minden, Vanessa, Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Ülo, Onoda, Yusuke, Peñuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valério D., Pisek, Jan, Robroek, Bjorn J.M., Schamp, Brandon, Slot, Martijn, Sosinski, Ênio Egon, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Thiffault, Nelson, van Bodegom, Peter, van der Plas, Fons, Wright, Ian J., Xu, Wu Bing, Zheng, Jingming, Enquist, Brian J., Svenning, Jens Christian, Guo, Wen Yong, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Schrodt, Franziska, Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Maitner, Brian S., Merow, Cory, Violle, Cyrille, Anand, Madhur, Belluau, Michaël, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Byun, Chaeho, Catford, Jane A., Cerabolini, Bruno E.L., Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Cornelissen, J.H.C., Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, de Frutos, Angel, Dias, Arildo S., Giroldo, Aelton B., Guo, Kun, Gutiérrez, Alvaro G., Hattingh, Wesley, He, Tianhua, Hietz, Peter, Hough-Snee, Nate, Jansen, Steven, Kattge, Jens, Klein, Tamir, Komac, Benjamin, Kraft, Nathan J.B., Kramer, Koen, Lavorel, Sandra, Lusk, Christopher H., Martin, Adam R., Mencuccini, Maurizio, Michaletz, Sean T., Minden, Vanessa, Mori, Akira S., Niinemets, Ülo, Onoda, Yusuke, Peñuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valério D., Pisek, Jan, Robroek, Bjorn J.M., Schamp, Brandon, Slot, Martijn, Sosinski, Ênio Egon, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., Thiffault, Nelson, van Bodegom, Peter, van der Plas, Fons, Wright, Ian J., Xu, Wu Bing, Zheng, Jingming, Enquist, Brian J., and Svenning, Jens Christian
Abstract: Safeguarding Earth's tree diversity is a conservation priority due to the importance of trees for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services such as carbon sequestration. Here, we improve the foundation for effective conservation of global tree diversity by analyzing a recently developed database of tree species covering 46,752 species. We quantify range protection and anthropogenic pressures for each species and develop conservation priorities across taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity dimensions. We also assess the effectiveness of several influential proposed conservation prioritization frameworks to protect the top 17% and top 50% of tree priority areas. We find that an average of 50.2% of a tree species' range occurs in 110-km grid cells without any protected areas (PAs), with 6,377 small-range tree species fully unprotected, and that 83% of tree species experience nonnegligible human pressure across their range on average. Protecting high-priority areas for the top 17% and 50% priority thresholds would increase the average protected proportion of each tree species' range to 65.5% and 82.6%, respectively, leaving many fewer species (2,151 and 2,010) completely unprotected. The priority areas identified for trees match well to the Global 200 Ecoregions framework, revealing that priority areas for trees would in large part also optimize protection for terrestrial biodiversity overall. Based on range estimates for >46,000 tree species, our findings show that a large proportion of tree species receive limited protection by current PAs and are under substantial human pressure. Improved protection of biodiversity overall would also strongly benefit global tree diversity.
Published: 2022

46. Biodiversity promotes ecosystem functioning despite environmental change

Author: Mori, Akira, Mori, A ( Akira ), Hong, Pubin; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8728-5464, Schmid, Bernhard; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8430-3214, De Laender, Frederik; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-973X, Eisenhauer, Nico, Zhang, Xingwen, Chen, Haozhen, Craven, Dylan, De Boeck, Hans J, Hautier, Yann, Petchey, Owen L; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7724-1633, Reich, Peter B, Steudel, Bastian, Striebel, Maren, Thakur, Madhav P; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9426-1313, Wang, Shaopeng; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9430-8879, Mori, Akira, Mori, A ( Akira ), Hong, Pubin; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8728-5464, Schmid, Bernhard; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8430-3214, De Laender, Frederik; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4060-973X, Eisenhauer, Nico, Zhang, Xingwen, Chen, Haozhen, Craven, Dylan, De Boeck, Hans J, Hautier, Yann, Petchey, Owen L; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7724-1633, Reich, Peter B, Steudel, Bastian, Striebel, Maren, Thakur, Madhav P; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9426-1313, and Wang, Shaopeng; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9430-8879
Abstract: Three decades of research have demonstrated that biodiversity can promote the functioning of ecosystems. Yet, it is unclear whether the positive effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning will persist under various types of global environmental change drivers. We conducted a meta-analysis of 46 factorial experiments manipulating both species richness and the environment to test how global change drivers (i.e. warming, drought, nutrient addition or CO2 enrichment) modulated the effect of biodiversity on multiple ecosystem functions across three taxonomic groups (microbes, phytoplankton and plants). We found that biodiversity increased ecosystem functioning in both ambient and manipulated environments, but often not to the same degree. In particular, biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning were larger in stressful environments induced by global change drivers, indicating that high-diversity communities were more resistant to environmental change. Using a subset of studies, we also found that the positive effects of biodiversity were mainly driven by interspecific complementarity and that these effects increased over time in both ambient and manipulated environments. Our findings support biodiversity conservation as a key strategy for sustainable ecosystem management in the face of global environmental change.
Published: 2022

47. The function‐dominance correlation drives the direction and strength of biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships

Author: Morin, Xavier, Crawford, Michael S., Barry, Kathryn E., Clark, Adam T., Farrior, Caroline E., Hines, Jes, Ladouceur, Emma, Lichstein, Jeremy W., Maréchaux, Isabelle, May, Felix, Mori, Akira S., Reineking, Björn, Turnbull, Lindsay A., Wirth, Christian, Rüger, Nadja, Morin, Xavier, Crawford, Michael S., Barry, Kathryn E., Clark, Adam T., Farrior, Caroline E., Hines, Jes, Ladouceur, Emma, Lichstein, Jeremy W., Maréchaux, Isabelle, May, Felix, Mori, Akira S., Reineking, Björn, Turnbull, Lindsay A., Wirth, Christian, and Rüger, Nadja
Abstract: Community composition is a primary determinant of how biodiversity change influences ecosystem functioning and, therefore, the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF). We examine the consequences of community composition across six structurally realistic plant community models. We find that a positive correlation between species’ functioning in monoculture versus their dominance in mixture with regard to a specific function (the “function-dominance correlation”) generates a positive relationship between realised diversity and ecosystem functioning across species richness treatments. However, because realised diversity declines when few species dominate, a positive function-dominance correlation generates a negative relationship between realised diversity and ecosystem functioning within species richness treatments. Removing seed inflow strengthens the link between the function–dominance correlation and BEF relationships across species richness treatments but weakens it within them. These results suggest that changes in species’ identities in a local species pool may more strongly affect ecosystem functioning than changes in species richness.
Published: 2021

48. Grand challenges in biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research in the era of science-policy platforms require explicit consideration of feedbacks

Author: O'Connor, Mary I, Mori, Akira S, Gonzalez, Andrew, Dee, Laura E, Loreau, Michel, Avolio, Meghan, Byrnes, Jarrett E K, Cheung, William, Cowles, Jane, Clark, Adam T, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andrew, Komatsu, Kimberly, Newbold, Tim, Outhwaite, Charlotte L, Reich, Peter B, Seabloom, Eric, Williams, Laura, Wright, Alexandra, Isbell, Forest, O'Connor, Mary I, Mori, Akira S, Gonzalez, Andrew, Dee, Laura E, Loreau, Michel, Avolio, Meghan, Byrnes, Jarrett E K, Cheung, William, Cowles, Jane, Clark, Adam T, Hautier, Yann, Hector, Andrew, Komatsu, Kimberly, Newbold, Tim, Outhwaite, Charlotte L, Reich, Peter B, Seabloom, Eric, Williams, Laura, Wright, Alexandra, and Isbell, Forest
Abstract: Feedbacks are an essential feature of resilient socio-economic systems, yet the feedbacks between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human wellbeing are not fully accounted for in global policy efforts that consider future scenarios for human activities and their consequences for nature. Failure to integrate feedbacks in our knowledge frameworks exacerbates uncertainty in future projections and potentially prevents us from realizing the full benefits of actions we can take to enhance sustainability. We identify six scientific research challenges that, if addressed, could allow future policy, conservation and monitoring efforts to quantitatively account for ecosystem and societal consequences of biodiversity change. Placing feedbacks prominently in our frameworks would lead to (i) coordinated observation of biodiversity change, ecosystem functions and human actions, (ii) joint experiment and observation programmes, (iii) more effective use of emerging technologies in biodiversity science and policy, and (iv) a more inclusive and integrated global community of biodiversity observers. To meet these challenges, we outline a five-point action plan for collaboration and connection among scientists and policymakers that emphasizes diversity, inclusion and open access. Efforts to protect biodiversity require the best possible scientific understanding of human activities, biodiversity trends, ecosystem functions and-critically-the feedbacks among them.
Published: 2021

49. Biodiversity–productivity relationships are key to nature-based climate solutions

Author: Mori, Akira S., Dee, Laura E., Gonzalez, Andrew, Ohashi, Haruka, Cowles, Jane, Wright, Alexandra J., Loreau, Michel, Hautier, Yann, Newbold, Tim, Reich, Peter B., Matsui, Tetsuya, Takeuchi, Wataru, Okada, Kei ichi, Seidl, Rupert, Isbell, Forest, Mori, Akira S., Dee, Laura E., Gonzalez, Andrew, Ohashi, Haruka, Cowles, Jane, Wright, Alexandra J., Loreau, Michel, Hautier, Yann, Newbold, Tim, Reich, Peter B., Matsui, Tetsuya, Takeuchi, Wataru, Okada, Kei ichi, Seidl, Rupert, and Isbell, Forest
Abstract: The global impacts of biodiversity loss and climate change are interlinked, but the feedbacks between them are rarely assessed. Areas with greater tree diversity tend to be more productive, providing a greater carbon sink, and biodiversity loss could reduce these natural carbon sinks. Here, we quantify how tree and shrub species richness could affect biomass production on biome, national and regional scales. We find that GHG mitigation could help maintain tree diversity and thereby avoid a 9–39% reduction in terrestrial primary productivity across different biomes, which could otherwise occur over the next 50 years. Countries that will incur the greatest economic damages from climate change stand to benefit the most from conservation of tree diversity and primary productivity, which contribute to climate change mitigation. Our results emphasize an opportunity for a triple win for climate, biodiversity and society, and highlight that these co-benefits should be the focus of reforestation programmes.
Published: 2021

50. Author Correction: General destabilizing effects of eutrophication on grassland productivity at multiple spatial scales (Nature Communications, (2020), 11, 1, (5375), 10.1038/s41467-020-19252-4)

Author: Hautier, Yann, Zhang, Pengfei, Loreau, Michel, Wilcox, Kevin R., Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Byrnes, Jarrett E.K., Koerner, Sally E., Komatsu, Kimberly J., Lefcheck, Jonathan S., Hector, Andy, Adler, Peter B., Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos A., Bakker, Jonathan D., Brudvig, Lars A., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc, Caldeira, Maria C., Carroll, Oliver, Crawley, Mick, Collins, Scott L., Daleo, Pedro, Dee, Laura E., Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Fay, Philip A., Gilbert, Benjamin, Hansar, Amandine, Isbell, Forest, Knops, Johannes M.H., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Mori, Akira S., Peri, Pablo L., Pos, Edwin T., Power, Sally A., Price, Jodi N., Reich, Peter B., Risch, Anita C., Roscher, Christiane, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schütz, Martin, Smith, Melinda, Stevens, Carly, Tognetti, Pedro M., Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M., Wilfahrt, Peter A., Wang, Shaopeng, Hautier, Yann, Zhang, Pengfei, Loreau, Michel, Wilcox, Kevin R., Seabloom, Eric W., Borer, Elizabeth T., Byrnes, Jarrett E.K., Koerner, Sally E., Komatsu, Kimberly J., Lefcheck, Jonathan S., Hector, Andy, Adler, Peter B., Alberti, Juan, Arnillas, Carlos A., Bakker, Jonathan D., Brudvig, Lars A., Bugalho, Miguel N., Cadotte, Marc, Caldeira, Maria C., Carroll, Oliver, Crawley, Mick, Collins, Scott L., Daleo, Pedro, Dee, Laura E., Eisenhauer, Nico, Eskelinen, Anu, Fay, Philip A., Gilbert, Benjamin, Hansar, Amandine, Isbell, Forest, Knops, Johannes M.H., MacDougall, Andrew S., McCulley, Rebecca L., Moore, Joslin L., Morgan, John W., Mori, Akira S., Peri, Pablo L., Pos, Edwin T., Power, Sally A., Price, Jodi N., Reich, Peter B., Risch, Anita C., Roscher, Christiane, Sankaran, Mahesh, Schütz, Martin, Smith, Melinda, Stevens, Carly, Tognetti, Pedro M., Virtanen, Risto, Wardle, Glenda M., Wilfahrt, Peter A., and Wang, Shaopeng
Abstract: The original version of this Article contained an error in the author affiliations. The affiliation of Martin Schütz with Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland was inadvertently omitted. Martin Schütz was incorrectly associated with Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, US. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Published: 2021

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