Author: "LI, WEI" / Publication Type: Electronic Resources - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

3,434 results on '"LI, WEI"'

1. Study of mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of reduced graphene oxide reinforced ceramic composites

Author: Li, Wei, Hall, David, and Xiao, Ping
Subjects: Oxidation resistance, SiC, fracture toughness, Alumina, reduced graphene oxide, ceramic composites, mechanical properties
Abstract: The mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/ceramic composites are investigated in this thesis, focusing on the effects of 1) sintering temperature and 2) rGO dimensions on rGO reinforcement performance in rGO/ceramic composites as well as 3) graphene oxide (GO) addition on the oxidation resistance of rGO/ceramic composites. The effect of ceramic sintering temperature on GO reduction and toughening effect of rGO was studied using the rGO/Al2O3 ceramic composites fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1350–1450 °C with 1 wt% GO. The hardness of the rGO/Al2O3 decreased and more composite chipping under indentation occurred in the samples with increasing sintering temperature. Meanwhile, GO was thermally reduced to a higher degree when sintered at a higher temperature. The higher degree of GO reduction resulted in a weaker interlayer shear strength for rGO. Upon indentation, sliding and lateral crack propagation occurred along the in-plane direction of the rGO sheets, which led to decreased hardness and chipped indentation. In addition, rGO/Al2O3 composite samples exhibited anisotropic hardness, indentation fracture toughness (Kc) and indentation damage on the perpendicular and parallel surfaces related to SPS pressure direction. The anisotropic mechanical behaviour was due to the alignment of rGO sheets caused by uniaxial pressure applied during SPS. The effects of GO dimensions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of rGO/Al2O3 composites were studied by comparing composite samples reinforced by two types of GO with different thicknesses and lateral sizes. The thin GO promoted grain size refinement and enhanced grain boundary pinning effects. Al2O3 composite reinforced by thin and large GO had higher hardness and Kc than composite reinforced by thick and small GO. The addition of thick GO leads to a reduction of hardness and generation of lateral cracks at the Al2O3 grain boundaries under indentation due to low rGO interlayer strength. A model calculation showed that the spacing between two parallel rGO platelets was one Al2O3 grain at rGO addition of 0.77 wt%. We concluded that the increased hardness and Kc are due to the fine grain size and thin rGO at Al2O3 grain boundaries. The oxidation behaviour of rGO/Al2O3 with various GO additions was investigated at 800–1200 °C for the first time. After oxidising at 800 and 1000 °C, the hardness of the composites with less than 3 vol% GO was comparable with those at room temperature. The rGO was completely oxidised in composites with more than 5 vol% GO above 800 °C due to the interconnected rGO network which provided oxygen diffusion paths. The excellent oxidation resistance of rGO/Al2O3 composite samples with less than 3 vol% GO below 1000 °C is due to the Al2O3 grain seal effect and low oxygen diffusion coefficient. The oxidation behaviours at 1200 °C were also studied. Due to the enhanced oxygen diffusion coefficient, significant oxidation was observed in composites with less than 3 vol% GO. The oxidation rate at 1200 oC increased by an order of magnitude when the added GO was increased from 0.5 to 3 vol%. The rGO/SiC composites with various GO additions were fabricated at 1750 °C by SPS to study the effect of GO addition on oxidation resistance of rGO/SiC composites at 1200 oC in static air. Results showed that the indentation Kc first increased from 3.89 to 6.09 MPa m1/2 as GO addition increasing from 0 to 1 wt%, then decreased to 1.85 MPa m1/2 with increasing GO to 7 wt%. In addition, thermal conductivity decreased with increasing GO addition due to the finer grain size and enhanced interfacial phonon scattering. The oxidation rate increased by one order of magnitude as GO addition varied from 0 (5.24× 10-17 m2/s) to 7 wt% (7.44× 10-16 m2/s). The lower oxidation resistance in graphene-containing samples was mainly due to finer grain sizes and rGO layers on the grain boundary, providing more oxygen influx paths. It was found that the addition of GO weakened the oxidation resistance of the rGO/SiC composites.
Published: 2022

2. Learning universal representations across tasks and domains

Author: Li, Wei-Hong, Bilen, Hakan, and Hospedales, Timothy
Subjects: Universal Representations, computer vision research, single universal network for multi-task learning, universal network, multi-task partially-supervised learning, joint pairwise taskspace
Abstract: A longstanding goal in computer vision research is to produce broad and general-purpose systems that work well on a broad range of vision problems and are capable of learning concepts only from few labelled samples. In contrast, existing models are limited to work only in specific tasks or domains (datasets), e.g., a semantic segmentation model for indoor images (Silberman et al., 2012). In addition, they are data inefficient and require large labelled dataset for each task or domain. While there has been works proposed for domain/task-agnostic representations by either loss balancing strategies or architecture design, it remains a challenging problem on optimizing such universal representation network. This thesis focuses on addressing the challenges of learning universal representations that generalize well over multiple tasks (e.g. segmentation, depth estimation) or various visual domains (e.g. image object classification, image action classification). In addition, the thesis also shows that these representations can be learned from partial supervision and transferred and adopted to previously unseen tasks/domains in a data-efficient manner. The first part of the dissertation focuses on learning universal representations, i.e. a single universal network for multi-task learning (e.g., learning a single network jointly for different dense prediction tasks like segmentation and depth estimation) and multi- domain learning (e.g. image classification for various vision datasets, each collected for a different problem like texture, flower or action classification). Learning such universal representations by jointly minimizing the sum of all task-specific losses is challenging because of the interference between tasks and it leads to unbalanced results (i.e. some tasks dominate or interfere other tasks and the universal network performs worse than task/domain-specific networks each of which is trained for a task/domain independently). Hence a new solution is proposed to regularize the optimization of the universal network by encouraging the universal network to produce the same features as the ones of task-specific networks. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method learns a single universal network that performs well for multiple tasks or various visual domains. Despite the recent advances in multi-task learning of dense prediction problems, most methods rely on expensive labelled datasets. Relaxing this assumption gives rise to a new multi-task learning setting, called multi-task partially-supervised learning in this thesis, in which the goal is to jointly learn of multiple dense prediction tasks on partially annotated data (i.e. not all the task labels are available for each training image). In the thesis, a label efficient approach is proposed to successfully leverage task relations to supervise its multi-task learning when data is partially annotated. In particular, the proposed method learns to map each task pair to a joint pairwise task- space which enables sharing information between them in a computationally efficient way through another network conditioned on task pairs, and avoids learning trivial cross-task relations by retaining high-level information about the input image. The final part of the dissertation studies the problem of adapting a model to pre- viously unseen tasks (from seen or unseen domains) with very few labelled training samples of the new tasks, i.e. cross-domain few-shot learning. Recent methods have focused on using various adaptation strategies for aligning their visual representations to new domains or selecting the relevant ones from multiple domain-specific feature extractors. In this dissertation, new methods are formulated to learn a single task- agnostic network from multiple domains during meta-training and attach light-weight task-specific parameters that are learned from limited training samples and adapt the task-agnostic network to accommodate the previously unseen tasks. Systematic analysis is performed to study various task adaptation strategies for few-shot learning. Extensive experimental evidence demonstrates that the proposed methods that learn a single set of task-agnostic representations and adapt the representations via residual adapters in matrix form attached to the task-agnostic model significantly benefits the cross-domain few-shot learning.
Published: 2022
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3. Impact of moisture on estimating gas in place for shales : characterisation and simulation studies on kerogens

Author: Li, Wei
Subjects: TN Mining engineering. Metallurgy
Abstract: Moisture in shale can affect the gas in place (GIP) estimated from the sum of free and adsorbed gas, which are also affected by the residual oil. Four shales (two China shales (SH1, SH2), and two UK shales (BS3, GH4)) were selected to reveal these impacts by illustrating their influence on the porosity and methane adsorption capacity. Kerogen (K1, K2, and GHK3, isolated from shales SH1, SH2, and GH4), the primary contributor to adsorbed gas, was selected as the target of laboratory characterisation and molecular simulation studies. Shales and their kerogens have been investigated, both dry and moisture equilibrated at 95% relative humidity (R.H.). Their methane adsorption capacities are obtained from high-pressure adsorption, and pore textures characterised primarily by low-pressure gas (N2, CO2) sorption. Type II kerogen micropore-scale models (matrix and slits (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 nm)) have been constructed for the molecular simulations. Results from Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations are compared with the experimental results. Isolated kerogens account for 59-83% and 42-67% of the methane adsorption capacities for the shales dry and at 95% R.H., respectively. However, the isolated kerogens could adsorb more methane than the organic matter in the shales. More than 50% of methane equilibrium adsorption quantity (Qm), surface area (SA), and nanopore volume (<100 nm) of the kerogens and shales are reduced at 95% R.H. The low-pressure gas sorption results suggest water can block most micropores less than 1.3 nm, and vastly reduce accessible pores for gas transport. The greater proportional losses in SA and pore volume compared to the Qm is probably due to ice forming at -196 °C in the low-pressure N2 analysis. Failure to consider moisture overestimates the total GIP by 32-38% for shales (SH1 and SH2) investigated. As well as maturation, oil from contaminant drilling mud fluids can also be present in shales. The oils extracted in low yield from the overmature shales (SH1 and SH2, <0.5 wt.% TOC) arise from oil-based drilling mud, while the much higher yields from the lower maturity UK shales (BS3 and GH4, 1.1-2.5 wt.% TOC) is mainly oil generated by maturation. After extraction, minimal changes (<5%) in total nanopore volume (<100 nm) were observed for the dry over mature shales, but significant increases (95 and 176%) were observed for the dry lower maturity shales. More than 60% of the extracted oil resides in micro and mesopores, and removal could unblock the micropore necks and enlarge the accessible meso and macropore volume. The Qm increased after oil extraction for both the dry and wet shales, especially for lower maturity shales. Henry's Law was used to show that there were no significant amounts of dissolved methane in oils for the dry shales. Extracting oil from shales prior to determining the porosity and methane adsorption capacity can lead to the GIP being over-estimated for moisture equilibrated shales, particularly for oil-window shales where an overestimation of 22% was obtained for the shale investigated here. The micropore volume (Vmicro) and Qm of dry K1, K2, and GHK3 (10-75 mm3/g TOC, and 21.3-75.8 mg/g TOC) are comparable with dry overmature (KIID) simulated kerogens (19-261 mm3/g TOC, and 36.5-148 mg/g TOC). The higher values from the simulation are observed as all the pores in GCMC are accessible. Both experiment and simulation suggest Type I(a) isotherms are attributable to small micropores, while Type I (b) isotherms arise from larger micropores. The increase of moisture leads to the decrease of Qm and Vmicro. When the moisture content of KIID (matrix and slits) is 4-24wt.%TOC, kerogen simulated models have the same Qm (61-75%), and Vmicro (88-93%) reductions as wet 95%R.H. isolated kerogens, suggesting up to 56% of the moisture is in the micropore of K1, K2, and GHK3. The relative coordination number (C_r) from the MD simulation indicates water has a stronger affinity than methane for the same functional groups. The preferred function groups for methane only exist at extremely low pressure, and the affinity becomes much weaker at higher pressures with no significant differences among the functional groups considered. Compared with the sorption sites around functional groups, micropores are regarded as the key control for methane adsorption kerogens, as a positive correlation between Vmicro and Qm is observed with R2 > 0.96. In contrast, certain functional groups, such as carboxyl (COOH) are the preferred sorption sites for water via the solid H-bonds. The selected functional groups provide initial sorption sites for water, with the water cluster size controlled by micropore volume. Water reduces the methane adsorption capacity of kerogen presenting as 'rapid', 'gentle', and 'slow' stages with increased moisture content in simulation. The 'rapid' reduction is due to water adsorbed in ultra-micropores (<0.7 nm), the 'gentle' reduction arises from water condensing, and filling of the remaining micropores at the highest moisture is related to the 'slow' Qm reduction stage. Therefore, water reduces the methane adsorption capacity of kerogen by occupying and blocking pores rather than competing directly for sorption sites with methane.
Published: 2022

4. Characterization of aquatic organic carbon flux and observation and simulation of natural organic matter interaction with Fe

Author: Li, Wei and Boult, Stephen
Abstract: The distribution of contaminants and nutrients in most natural waters is largely controlled by sorption and consequently the ratio of volume to surface area is a critical control on them. The main components of surface area are typically clay minerals, insoluble metal oxides (e.g. Fe, the most near to ubiquity) and natural organic matter (NOM). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the distribution and character of NOM and Fe based on study site Crowden Great Brook to predicting contaminant and nutrient fluxes within and from the aquatic environment. This study quantified the OC flux, as the dominant component of NOM flux and significant contributor to global climate change, and characterized its comprising at high size resolution (1-0.2µm, 0.2µm-1.42nm, and < 1.42nm) from eroded (E) and uneroded (U) sites of upland peat catchment Crowden Great Brook. The results showed E site contributed much more OC, dramatically dominated by the smallest size OC, into catchment than U site. Additionally, with the increase of discharge (Q) the OC flux in each size fraction is increase but with a very different particle size distribution in two sites. The smallest size OC flux was significantly dominated in E site but none of the size fraction OC flux is shown obvious dominance at U site with the increasing Q. These highlighted the importance of the E type areas from upland peat catchments to be a significant contributor to climate change and under the impact of climate change – more extreme weather happened to cause high Q event – both sites could contribute a lot of OC flux, which exacerbates the vicious circle of climate change. Characterization of OC at both sites shown that under base flow condition more abundance of aromatic carbon was in U site whereas soil lipids and polysaccharides was dominated in E site however the discharge event could lead to a very different compound proportions at both sites. The lability test highlighted the general believing that the smaller size of OC the more lability of it. In order to investigate the role of NOM in controlling the fate of Fe in natural waters, a methodology that can allow all Fe speciation be determined without destroying the object of quantification was developed in this study. Conventional Ferrozine assay was improved by using time instead of acidifying samples to determine free and total FeII (free + bound) concentration when the absorbance at 562 nm is measured both immediately (2s) and at the eventual maximum during which the samples must be maintained in sealed containers to prevent evaporation; the difference being the bound FeII concentration. The conventional total Fe analysis by acidifying samples prior to ICP-AES caused erroneously low Fe concentration measurement (only 62% - 79% of total Fe) as part of Fe is entrained by the coagulated NOM. The error increases with TOC concentration but is also a function of the type of NOM. An effective remedy is to pre-treat the samples with a combination of H2O2 and UV light to remove NOM. Therefore, bound FeIII could be deduced by subtraction if the production of FeIII(hydr)oxide can be assumed to all be Fe(OH)3. This methodology successfully separates and determine all Fe speciation and whilst reminds a risk of erroneously underestimate from analyzing total Fe if the analysis method need acidification when samples containing NOM. The final section combined both laboratory simulations and field validation to investigate the controls of NOM on the mobility and particle size distribution (PSD) of Fe in natural waters. Laboratory simulations showed Fe will be less mobile in the subsurface containing NOM and the proportion is a function of NOM concentration, NOM heterogeneity and pH whereas after entering surface water the interaction of NOM and Fe will keep both of them at smaller size and increase their mobility in runoff. Furthermore, FeII takes up the full binding capacity of the NOM under anoxic conditions and therefore bound FeII remains similar and not increase after exposure to oxygen. This study highlighted the persistence of bound FeII and FeIII in oxic waters provides an unrecognized store of potential energy that can be harnessed by microbes. The field validation does not match to each type of lab simulations as filed setting in which contains complex and changeable hydrological processes is much more complicated, which indicated that the processes identified under controlled conditions in the laboratory are not sufficiently dominant.
Published: 2022

5. Scalable deep learning architecture design

Author: Li, Wei
Subjects: 006.3
Abstract: The past decade has witnessed a rapid development in deep learning research which has enabled remarkable progress on a wide spectrum of computer vision tasks, such as object recognition, segmentation, and detection. One generic mechanism for deep learning on computer vision is to design optimal deep neural architectures for given tasks, so as to learn compact, rich and expressive features for data collected by artificial visual sensors. Nonetheless, deep artificial neural architecture design for computer vision tasks remains challenging due to the inherent visual task complexity and uncertainty. One can not guarantee that a specific network designed for one task assumably works well for new tasks, especially when it comes to considering scalability (the model size, learning capacity and efficiency, and domain adaptation to new data). Unfortunately, there are no theoretical principles towards guiding deep neural architecture design, which makes researchers having to rely on their own expertise and experience ad hoc. This thesis investigates approaches to designing deep neural architectures for several tasks by considering the underlying task characteristics for more efficient and powerful deep models. More specifically, this thesis develops new methods for addressing four different problems as follows: Chapter 3 The first problem is harmonious attention network design for scalable person reidentification (re-id). Existing person re-identification (re-id) deep learning methods rely heavily on the utilisation of large and computationally expensive convolutional neural networks. They are therefore not scalable to large scale re-id deployment scenarios with the need of processing a large amount of surveillance video data, due to the lengthy inference process with high computing costs. in this chapter, we address this limitation via jointly learning re-id attention selection. Specifically, we formulate a novel Harmonious Attention Network (HAN) framework to jointly learn soft pixel attention and hard regional attention alongside simultaneous deep feature representation learning, particularly enabling more discriminative re-id matching by efficient networks with more scalable inference. Extensive evaluations validate the cost-effectiveness superiority of the proposed HAN approach for person re-id against a wide variety of state-of-the-art methods on large benchmark datasets. Chapter 4 The second problem is hierarchical distillation network design for scalable person search. Existing person search methods typically focus on improving person detection accuracy. This ignores the model inference efficiency, which however is fundamentally significant for real-world applications. in this chapter, we address this limitation by investigating the scalability problem of person search involving both model accuracy and inference efficiency simultaneously. Specifically, we formulate a Hierarchical Distillation Learning (HDL) approach. With HDL, we aim to comprehensively distil the knowledge of a strong teacher model with strong learning capability to a lightweight student model with weak learning capability. To facilitate the HDL process, we design a simple and powerful teacher model for joint learning of person detection and person re-identification matching in unconstrained scene images. Extensive experiments show the modelling advantages and cost-effectiveness superiority of HDL over the 4 state-of-the-art person search methods on large person search benchmarks. Chapter 5 The third problem is neural graph embedding for scalable neural architecture search. Existing neural architecture search (NAS) methods often operate in discrete or continuous spaces directly, which ignores the graphical topology knowledge of neural networks. This leads to suboptimal search performance and efficiency, given that neural networks are essentially directed acyclic graphs (DAG). in this chapter, we address this limitation by introducing a novel idea of neural graph embedding (NGE). Specifically, we represent the building block (i.e. the cell) of neural networks with a neural DAG, and learn it by leveraging a Graph Convolutional Network to propagate and model the intrinsic topology information of network architectures. This results in a generic neural network representation integrable with different existing NAS frameworks. Extensive experiments show the superiority of NGE over the state-of-the-art methods on image classification and semantic segmentation. Chapter 6 The last problem is scalable neural operator search. Existing neural architecture search (NAS) methods explore a limited feature-transformation-only search space, ignoring other advanced feature operations such as feature self-calibration by attention and dynamic convolutions. This disables the NAS algorithms from discovering more optimal network architectures. We address this limitation by additionally exploiting feature self-calibration operations, resulting in a heterogeneous search space. To overcome the challenges of operation heterogeneity and significantly larger search space, we formulate a neural operator search (NOS) method. NOS presents a novel heterogeneous residual block for integrating the heterogeneous operations in a unified structure, and an attention guided search strategy for facilitating the search process over a vast space. Extensive experiments show that NOS can search novel cell architectures with highly competitive performance on the CIFAR and ImageNet benchmarks. Chapter 6 includes concluding remarks and discusses potential areas for future research and extensions.
Published: 2021

6. Developments of magnetomotive optical coherence tomography and polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography for clinical applications

Author: Li, Wei, Matcher, Stephen, and Chen, Biqiong
Subjects: 616.07
Abstract: There are two main aims in this project: (1) develop a contrast agent which can be tracked by our in-house phase-sensitive spectral domain (SD) OCT and commercial confocal fluorescence microscopy (CFM) simultaneously; (2) apply our in-house polarization-sensitive (PS) OCT to investigate birefringence and collagen alignment in the human cervix and assess its potential to characterise changes in extracellular matrix structure during pregnancy. To realize the first aim, the SD-OCT was optimized to recover/improve its performance at first. Before the optimization, the SD-OCT had poor performance due to the shifting alignment resulted from the movements of its optical components by vibration and gravity. The optimized SD-OCT has a sensitivity of 81.4 dB and an axial and lateral resolution of 3.4 ?m and 6.2 ?m respectively. Then, the optimized SD-OCT system was adapted to magnetomotive OCT (MMOCT) to track magnetically labelled cells. A contrast agent, magnetic graphene quantum dot (MGQD), was synthesized by hydrothermally reducing and cutting graphene oxide-iron oxide sheet. The MGQD showed significant tuneable blue fluorescence and superparamagnetism, hence it can be used as a dual-modality tracer for CFM and MMOCT. 3T3 cells were labelled by the MGQD, and the MGQD labelled cells have been successfully localized and imaged by a commercial CFM and our in-house MMOCT system. As CFM and MMOCT are provide intracellular details and anatomical information respectively, hence a more comprehensive diagnosis can be achieved through the application of MGQD for cell tracking. For the second aim, 20 cervical cross-sections from non-gravid women were interrogated by our in-house PS-OCT. Several algorithms have been applied to process and map the images of sample's intensity, phase retardance, birefringence and depolarization using the data obtained from the PS-OCT. The physical information obtained from the PS-OCT is able to identify cervical epithelium, measure epithelial thickness and image the distribution of cervical collagen. Three-dimension orientation of collagen fibres in cervical samples was estimated by a conical beam scan protocol. Previous observation by X-ray diffraction was confirmed by our study which suggests that in the human cervix, collagen fibres adjacent to the endocervical canal and in the outermost area are mostly arranged longitudinally but in the middle area, fibres are predominantly circumferential with significant higher birefringence (p<0.05) than other areas. A significant increase in apparent birefringence of the middle area with age was identified, which is consistent with a study result by second harmonic generation and indicates a physiological re-modelling in the cervical collagen fibres as the reproductive function of the cervix diminishes. PS-OCT holds the potential to help us better understand cervical remodelling prior to birth pending the development of an in vivo probe.
Published: 2020

7. Latent Structure of Intuitive Physics

Author: Li, Wei, Li, Wei, Hartshorne, Joshua K, Li, Wei, Li, Wei, and Hartshorne, Joshua K
Abstract: Humans are born with an intuitive representation of the physics world. How accurate is intuitive physics? Researchers from education focus on the failures, students' errors and misconceptions while cognitive psychologists argue humans anticipate and manipulate physical environments in ways betraying veridical knowledge of classical mechanics. One solution is to hypothesize there are distinct systems of ‚Äúcognitive physics‚Äù with different limitations and deployment in the tasks favored by the two literatures. The goal of current study is to gather evidence from psychometric studies by estimating how many distinct factors explain performance on intuitive physics assessments. We build an augmented concept inventory including several previously-validated concept inventories, around 120 items. The pilot study indicated that participants recruited online from Prolific displayed expected accuracy on the tasks. We are now collecting around 1,000 participants and applying multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) analyzes to identify the latent structure.
Published: 2024

8. Characterization of InGaAs QDs grown on GaAs and Si substrate

Author: Li, Wei, Ross, Ian, Groom, Kristian, and Hogg, Richard
Subjects: 621.3815
Abstract: III-V semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have shown significant advantages, such as low threshold current, outstanding thermal stability and reduced sensitivity to defects, for application of optoelectronic devices due to their δ-like discrete density of states. Furthermore, integrating such high-quality QDs light emitting source onto a commercial silicon platform could potentially enable the realisation of optical inter-chip connection. Among the methods developed for integration of III-V on silicon, direct epitaxy grown III-V on silicon is extremely challenging due to the large lattice mismatch, thermal expansion coefficient mismatch and the difference between polar and non-polar materials. Typically, lattice mis-matched materials relieve strain by forming misfit defects leading to the formation of threading dislocations, which can propagate into over-lying active layers of devices and damage device performance. In this thesis, characterization the InGaAs QDs epitaxy grown on GaAs substrate and Si substrate structure has been performed to enable a deeper understanding of the performance of a c.w. operated InGaAs QD laser grown on a Si substrate. Rapid thermal annealing, including post growth annealing and in-situ thermal cycle annealing has been utilized to reduce defect nucleation and propagation. The positive effect of post growth annealing on InGaAs QDs monolithically grown on Si substrate structure was investigated. The annealing effect on the In-Ga inter-diffusion and the change in the size of QDs has been studied as a function of temperature by HAADF-STEM image and EDX analysis, combined with PL optical spectroscopy. Furthermore, the annealing effect on GaAs/Si and AlAs/Si interface, and threading dislocation density has also been demonstrated. The densities of threading dislocations have been measured as a function of annealing temperature. The in-situ thermal cycle annealing and optimize of nucleation layer have successfully reduced the threading dislocation density cumulating in the fabrication of a c.w. lasing InGaAs QD laser grown on a Si substrate representing an important step for Si photonics integration.
Published: 2017

9. Automated reverse engineering of agent behaviors

Author: Li, Wei, Gross, Roderich, and Billings, Stephen
Subjects: 629.8
Abstract: This thesis concerns the automated reverse engineering of agent behaviors. It proposes a metric-free coevolutionary approach - Turing Learning, which allows a machine to infer the behaviors of agents (simulated or physical ones), in a fully automated way. Turing Learning consists of two populations. A population of models competitively coevolves with a population of classifiers. The classifiers observe the models and agents. The fitness of the classifiers depends solely on their ability to distinguish between them. The models, on the other hand, are evolved to mimic the behavior of the agents and mislead the judgment of the classifiers. The fitness of the models depends solely on their ability to 'trick' the classifiers into categorizing them as agents. Unlike other methods for system identification, Turing Learning does not require any predefined metrics to quantitatively measure the difference between the models and agents. The merits of Turing Learning are demonstrated using three case studies. In the first case study, a machine automatically infers the behavioral rules of a group of homogeneous agents through observation. A replica, which resembles the agents under investigation in terms of behavioral capabilities, is mixed into the group. The models are executed on the replica. This case study is conducted with swarms of both simulated and physical robots. In the second and third case studies, Turing Learning is applied to infer deterministic and stochastic behaviors of a single agent through controlled interaction, respectively. In particular, the machine is able to modify the environmental stimuli that the agent responds to. In the case study of inferring deterministic behavior, the machine can construct static patterns of stimuli that facilitate the learning process. In the case study of inferring stochastic behavior, the machine needs to interact with the agent on the fly through dynamically changing patterns of stimuli. This allows the machine to explore the agent's hidden information and thus reveal its entire behavioral repertoire. This interactive approach proves superior to learning only through observation.
Published: 2016

10. A critical comparison between English marine insurance warranty and Chinese marine insurance warranty : a case for reform

Author: Li, Wei Bin and Maniruzzaman, Abul Fazal Mohammad
Subjects: 368.2
Abstract: As a special contractual term, warranties in marine insurance policy are crucial for risk assessment purpose. Warranty in marine insurance law has survived for centuries. Despite its long period of existence, the current warranty regime has been criticised by a number of scholars and the Law Commission. The main criticism is that it operates unfairly against the assured. Due to the existing problem of the current warranty regime, the main aim of this research is to critically analyse the law of warranty in the English Marine Insurance Act 1906. Where necessary, some law reform proposals will be introduced into the Marine Insurance Act 1906. Moreover, a critical comparison between the law of warranty in the Chinese Maritime Code 1993 and the law of warranty in the Marine Insurance Act 1906 will be made. Due to the simple provisions of Article 235 of the Maritime Code which deals with the issue of warranty, some new law proposals will be introduced into this Article for clarification purpose. In order to achieve these merits, this thesis concentrates on the critical examination as to the law of warranty under the relevant provisions of the Marine Insurance Act 1906 and the Maritime Code 1993. Some law reform proposals made by other scholars will be critically analysed. In particular, the historical development of English and Chinese marine insurance will be provided in Chapter 1 and 3 respectively. The research on the issue of warranty consists of 4 Chapters, namely Chapter 2, Chapter 4, Chapter 5 and Chapter 6. Chapter 2 provides the nature of warranty under section 33 and 34 of the Marine Insurance Act 1906 and some relevant law reform proposals. Chapter 4 consists of the discussion as to the statutory rules of warranty under Article 235 of the Maritime Code. Chapter 5 specifies the statutory rules for the creation of express warranty. Chapter 6 deals with the critical review as to the different types of implied warranty in section 39 and 41 of the Marine Insurance Act 1906, and the author will also introduce some new statutory rules as to the implied warranties to replace the present law. Additionally, as there is no implied warranty under the Maritime Code, in this Chapter, the statutory rules as to implied warranties will be introduced and inserted into the Maritime Code. Finally, Chapter 7 provides the general conclusion of this thesis for the law of warranty in England and China.
Published: 2016

11. An improved classification approach for echocardiograms embedding temporal information

Author: Li, Wei
Subjects: 616.1
Abstract: Cardiovascular disease is an umbrella term for all diseases of the heart. At present, computer-aided echocardiogram diagnosis is becoming increasingly beneficial. For echocardiography, different cardiac views can be acquired depending on the location and angulations of the ultrasound transducer. Hence, the automatic echocardiogram view classification is the first step for echocardiogram diagnosis, especially for computer-aided system and even for automatic diagnosis in the future. In addition, heart views classification makes it possible to label images especially for large-scale echo videos, provide a facility for database management and collection. This thesis presents a framework for automatic cardiac viewpoints classification of echocardiogram video data. In this research, we aim to overcome the challenges facing this investigation while analyzing, recognizing and classifying echocardiogram videos from 3D (2D spatial and 1D temporal) space. Specifically, we extend 2D KAZE approach into 3D space for feature detection and propose a histogram of acceleration as feature descriptor. Subsequently, feature encoding follows before the application of SVM to classify echo videos. In addition, comparison with the state of the art methodologies also takes place, including 2D SIFT, 3D SIFT, and optical flow technique to extract temporal information sustained in the video images. As a result, the performance of 2D KAZE, 2D KAZE with Optical Flow, 3D KAZE, Optical Flow, 2D SIFT and 3D SIFT delivers accuracy rate of 89.4%, 84.3%, 87.9%, 79.4%, 83.8% and 73.8% respectively for the eight view classes of echo videos.
Published: 2016

12. Efficient ab initio stacking fault energy mapping for dilute interstitial alloys

Author: Niessen, Frank, Werner, Konstantin V., Li, Wei, Lu, Song, Vitos, Levente, Villa, Matteo, Somers, Marcel A. J., Niessen, Frank, Werner, Konstantin V., Li, Wei, Lu, Song, Vitos, Levente, Villa, Matteo, and Somers, Marcel A. J.
Abstract: Density Functional Theory (DFT) is the prevalent first principles computational method for determining the stacking fault energy (SFE) of face centered cubic (fcc) metals and alloys. Due to several theoretical and computational challenges, SFE determination for interstitial alloys with alloying elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen, has so far been limited to few studies at relatively high interstitial content. We propose a new method, rooted in the axial interaction model, that allows rapid and robust mapping of SFE for virtually arbitrary interstitial contents. Instead of computing the total energy of a very large supercell to represent dilute interstitial solutions, representative interstitial-affected and bulk regions are treated separately at the equivalent volume. The SFE is obtained by balancing the SFE values of the regions with a lever rule approach. The method matches SFE values from the axial interaction model within ≤4 mJ.m−2 error, as validated for non-magnetic fcc Fe-N and paramagnetic fcc Fe-N and AISI 304 alloys. The significantly reduced computational workload and equidistant SFE mapping vs. interstitial content down to extremely low values allows accurate fitting of the SFE vs. interstitial content with only few datapoints. This further improves the computational efficiency. So far DFT-based SFE mapping was limited to purely substitutional alloys; we demonstrate the first-time DFT-based SFE mapping in fcc AISI 304 vs. N and Ni, revealing a non-additive contribution of N and Ni to the SFE. Finally, the remaining challenges and future application for high-throughput DFT SFE computation in interstitial alloys is discussed.
Published: 2024
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13. Universality of pseudo-Goldstone damping near critical points

Author: Tan, Yang-yang, Chen, Yong-rui, Fu, Wei-jie, Li, Wei-Jia, Tan, Yang-yang, Chen, Yong-rui, Fu, Wei-jie, and Li, Wei-Jia
Abstract: Recently, in studies of holographic models and hydrodynamics with spontaneous breaking of approximate symmetries, it has been proposed that the damping of pseudo-Goldstone modes at finite temperatures is universally constrained in the way that $\Omega_{\varphi}/m_{\varphi}^2\simeq D_{\varphi}$ in the broken phase, where $\Omega_{\varphi}$ and $m_{\varphi} $ are the relaxation rate at zero wavenumber and the mass of pseudo-Goldstones, $D_{\varphi}$ is the Goldstone diffusivity in the limit of purely spontaneous breaking. In this paper, we investigate the pseudo-Goldstone damping in a purely relaxational O($N$) model by performing the functional renormalization group calculations at the full quantum and stochastic level within the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism. We find that, away from the critical temperature, the proposed relation is always valid. When the temperature is very close to the critical value such that the mass of the Higgs mode is comparable to the mass of the pseudo-Goldstone modes, the pseudo-Goldstone damping displays a novel scaling behavior that follows $\Omega_\varphi/m_\varphi^2\propto m_{\varphi}^{\Delta_\eta}$ with a correction $\Delta_\eta$ controlled by the critical universalities. Moreover, we study how the correction depends on the value of $N$ and show that $\Delta_\eta \rightarrow 0$ when fluctuations are infinitely suppressed in the large $N$ limit. In this case, the proposed relation works even in the critical region. Finally, we match our results to the dissipative sector of the pion dynamics near the chiral phase transition., Comment: V2:minor revision, references added, discussion on the pure SSB case has been moved to the supplement
Published: 2024

14. An Integrated Carbon Dioxide Capture and Methanation Process

Author: Zhang, Xiaochen, Li, Mengzhu, Liu, Xingwu, Li, Ang, Deng, Yuchen, Peng, Mi, Zhang, Yu, Vogt, Charlotte, Monai, Matteo, Gao, Junxian, Qin, Xuetao, Xu, Yao, Yu, Qiaolin, Wang, Meng, Wang, Guofu, Jiang, Zheng, Han, Xiaodong, Brady, Casper, Li, Wei Xue, Zhou, Wu, Liu, Jin Xun, Xu, Bingjun, Weckhuysen, Bert M., Ma, Ding, Zhang, Xiaochen, Li, Mengzhu, Liu, Xingwu, Li, Ang, Deng, Yuchen, Peng, Mi, Zhang, Yu, Vogt, Charlotte, Monai, Matteo, Gao, Junxian, Qin, Xuetao, Xu, Yao, Yu, Qiaolin, Wang, Meng, Wang, Guofu, Jiang, Zheng, Han, Xiaodong, Brady, Casper, Li, Wei Xue, Zhou, Wu, Liu, Jin Xun, Xu, Bingjun, Weckhuysen, Bert M., and Ma, Ding
Abstract: Reducing the ever-growing level of CO2 in the atmosphere is critical for the sustainable development of human society in the context of global warming. Integration of the capture and upgrading of CO2 is, therefore, highly desirable since each process step is costly, both energetically and economically. Here, we report a CO2 direct air capture (DAC) and fixation process that produces methane. Low concentrations of CO2 (∼400 ppm) in the air are captured by an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide to form carbonate. The carbonate is subsequently hydrogenated to methane, which is easily separated from the reaction system, catalyzed by TiO2-supported Ru in the aqueous phase with a selectivity of 99.9% among gas-phase products. The concurrent regenerated hydroxide, in turn, increases the alkalinity of the aqueous solution for further CO2 capture, thereby enabling this one-of-its-kind continuous CO2 capture and methanation process. Engineering simulations demonstrate the energy feasibility of this CO2 DAC and methanation process, highlighting its promise for potential large-scale applications.
Published: 2024

15. Gold Nanorod-Loaded Nano-Contrast Agent with Composite Shell-Core Structure for Ultrasonic/Photothermal Imaging-Guided Therapy in Ischemic Muscle Disorders

Author: Tang,Xiaoyi, Liu,Yijia, Zhao,Mengxin, He,Lei, Guo,Jiahao, Wang,Tian, Li,Wei, Zhao,Jiaqi, Tang,Xiaoyi, Liu,Yijia, Zhao,Mengxin, He,Lei, Guo,Jiahao, Wang,Tian, Li,Wei, and Zhao,Jiaqi
Abstract: Xiaoyi Tang,1,2,&ast; Yijia Liu,1,2,&ast; Mengxin Zhao,3,&ast; Lei He,3 Jiahao Guo,3 Tian Wang,3 Wei Li,3 Jiaqi Zhao1 1Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Fourth Peopleâs Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, Peopleâs Republic of China; 2Department of Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital), Shanghai, 200003, Peopleâs Republic of China; 3Department of Nanomedicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai & School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200433, Peopleâs Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Wei Li; Jiaqi Zhao, Email liwei@smmu.edu.cn; ultrasoundczzjq@163.comPurpose: This study aims to broaden the application of nano-contrast agents (NCAs) within the realm of the musculoskeletal system. It aims to introduce novel methods, strategies, and insights for the clinical management of ischemic muscle disorders, encompassing diagnosis, monitoring, evaluation, and therapeutic intervention.Methods: We developed a composite encapsulation technique employing O-carboxymethyl chitosan (OCMC) and liposome to encapsulate NCA-containing gold nanorods (GNRs) and perfluoropentane (PFP). This nanoscale contrast agent was thoroughly characterized for its basic physicochemical properties and performance. Its capabilities for in vivo and in vitro ultrasound imaging and photothermal imaging were authenticated, alongside a comprehensive biocompatibility assessment to ascertain its effects on microcirculatory perfusion in skeletal muscle using a murine model of hindlimb ischemia, and its potential to augment blood flow and facilitate recovery.Results: The engineered GNR@OCMC-liposome/PFP nanostructure exhibited an average size of 203.18Â± 1.49 nm, characterized by size uniformity, regular morphology, and a good biocompatibility profile. In vitro assessments revealed
Published: 2024

16. ATF3 is a neuron-specific biomarker for spinal cord injury and ischaemic stroke.

Author: Wang, Zhanqiang, Wang, Zhanqiang, Sun, Wei, Pan, Peipei, Li, Wei, Sun, Yongtao, Chen, Shoulin, Lin, Amity, Tan, Wulin, He, Liangliang, Greene, Jacob, Yao, Virginia, An, Lijun, Liang, Rich, Li, Qifeng, Yu, Jessica, Zhang, Lingyi, Kyritsis, Nikolaos, Fernandez, Xuan, Moncivais, Sara, Mendoza, Esmeralda, Fung, Pamela, Wang, Gongming, Niu, Xinhuan, Du, Qihang, Xiao, Zhaoyang, Chang, Yuwen, Lv, Peiyuan, Huie, J, Torres-Espin, Abel, Ferguson, Adam, Hemmerle, Debra, Talbott, Jason, Weinstein, Philip, Pascual, Lisa, Singh, Vineeta, DiGiorgio, Anthony, Saigal, Rajiv, Manley, Geoffrey, Dhall, Sanjay, Bresnahan, Jacqueline, Jiang, Xiangning, Singhal, Neel, Beattie, Michael, Su, Hua, Maze, Mervyn, Guan, Zhonghui, Pan, Jonathan, Whetstone, William, Wang, Zhanqiang, Wang, Zhanqiang, Sun, Wei, Pan, Peipei, Li, Wei, Sun, Yongtao, Chen, Shoulin, Lin, Amity, Tan, Wulin, He, Liangliang, Greene, Jacob, Yao, Virginia, An, Lijun, Liang, Rich, Li, Qifeng, Yu, Jessica, Zhang, Lingyi, Kyritsis, Nikolaos, Fernandez, Xuan, Moncivais, Sara, Mendoza, Esmeralda, Fung, Pamela, Wang, Gongming, Niu, Xinhuan, Du, Qihang, Xiao, Zhaoyang, Chang, Yuwen, Lv, Peiyuan, Huie, J, Torres-Espin, Abel, Ferguson, Adam, Hemmerle, Debra, Talbott, Jason, Weinstein, Philip, Pascual, Lisa, Singh, Vineeta, DiGiorgio, Anthony, Saigal, Rajiv, Manley, Geoffrey, Dhall, Sanjay, Bresnahan, Jacqueline, Jiang, Xiangning, Singhal, Neel, Beattie, Michael, Su, Hua, Maze, Mervyn, Guan, Zhonghui, Pan, Jonathan, and Whetstone, William
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Although many molecules have been investigated as biomarkers for spinal cord injury (SCI) or ischemic stroke, none of them are specifically induced in central nervous system (CNS) neurons following injuries with low baseline expression. However, neuronal injury constitutes a major pathology associated with SCI or stroke and strongly correlates with neurological outcomes. Biomarkers characterized by low baseline expression and specific induction in neurons post-injury are likely to better correlate with injury severity and recovery, demonstrating higher sensitivity and specificity for CNS injuries compared to non-neuronal markers or pan-neuronal markers with constitutive expressions. METHODS: In animal studies, young adult wildtype and global Atf3 knockout mice underwent unilateral cervical 5 (C5) SCI or permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). Gene expression was assessed using RNA-sequencing and qRT-PCR, while protein expression was detected through immunostaining. Serum ATF3 levels in animal models and clinical human samples were measured using commercially available enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) kits. RESULTS: Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a molecular marker for injured dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system, was not expressed in spinal cord or cortex of naïve mice but was induced specifically in neurons of the spinal cord or cortex within 1 day after SCI or ischemic stroke, respectively. Additionally, ATF3 protein levels in mouse blood significantly increased 1 day after SCI or ischemic stroke. Importantly, ATF3 protein levels in human serum were elevated in clinical patients within 24 hours after SCI or ischemic stroke. Moreover, Atf3 knockout mice, compared to the wildtype mice, exhibited worse neurological outcomes and larger damage regions after SCI or ischemic stroke, indicating that ATF3 has a neuroprotective function. CONCLUSIONS: ATF3 is an easily measurable, neuron-spe
Published: 2024

17. A genome-wide spectrum of tandem repeat expansions in 338,963 humans

Author: Cui, Ya, Cui, Ya, Ye, Wenbin, Li, Jason Sheng, Li, Jingyi Jessica, Vilain, Eric, Sallam, Tamer, Li, Wei, Cui, Ya, Cui, Ya, Ye, Wenbin, Li, Jason Sheng, Li, Jingyi Jessica, Vilain, Eric, Sallam, Tamer, and Li, Wei
Abstract: The Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD), widely recognized as the gold-standard reference map of human genetic variation, has largely overlooked tandem repeat (TR) expansions, despite the fact that TRs constitute ∼6% of our genome and are linked to over 50 human diseases. Here, we introduce the TR-gnomAD (https://wlcb.oit.uci.edu/TRgnomAD), a biobank-scale reference of 0.86 million TRs derived from 338,963 whole-genome sequencing (WGS) samples of diverse ancestries (39.5% non-European samples). TR-gnomAD offers critical insights into ancestry-specific disease prevalence using disparities in TR unit number frequencies among ancestries. Moreover, TR-gnomAD is able to differentiate between common, presumably benign TR expansions, which are prevalent in TR-gnomAD, from those potentially pathogenic TR expansions, which are found more frequently in disease groups than within TR-gnomAD. Together, TR-gnomAD is an invaluable resource for researchers and physicians to interpret TR expansions in individuals with genetic diseases.
Published: 2024

18. Nuclear to cytoplasmic transport is a druggable dependency in MYC-driven hepatocellular carcinoma.

Author: Deutzmann, Anja, Deutzmann, Anja, Sullivan, Delaney, Dhanasekaran, Renumathy, Li, Wei, Chen, Xinyu, Tong, Ling, Mahauad-Fernandez, Wadie, Bell, John, Mosley, Adriane, Koehler, Angela, Li, Yulin, Felsher, Dean, Deutzmann, Anja, Deutzmann, Anja, Sullivan, Delaney, Dhanasekaran, Renumathy, Li, Wei, Chen, Xinyu, Tong, Ling, Mahauad-Fernandez, Wadie, Bell, John, Mosley, Adriane, Koehler, Angela, Li, Yulin, and Felsher, Dean
Abstract: The MYC oncogene is often dysregulated in human cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MYC is considered undruggable to date. Here, we comprehensively identify genes essential for survival of MYChigh but not MYClow cells by a CRISPR/Cas9 genome-wide screen in a MYC-conditional HCC model. Our screen uncovers novel MYC synthetic lethal (MYC-SL) interactions and identifies most MYC-SL genes described previously. In particular, the screen reveals nucleocytoplasmic transport to be a MYC-SL interaction. We show that the majority of MYC-SL nucleocytoplasmic transport genes are upregulated in MYChigh murine HCC and are associated with poor survival in HCC patients. Inhibiting Exportin-1 (XPO1) in vivo induces marked tumor regression in an autochthonous MYC-transgenic HCC model and inhibits tumor growth in HCC patient-derived xenografts. XPO1 expression is associated with poor prognosis only in HCC patients with high MYC activity. We infer that MYC may generally regulate and require altered expression of nucleocytoplasmic transport genes for tumorigenesis.
Published: 2024

19. spVC for the detection and interpretation of spatial gene expression variation

Author: Yu, Shan, Yu, Shan, Li, Wei Vivian, Yu, Shan, Yu, Shan, and Li, Wei Vivian
Abstract: Spatially resolved transcriptomics technologies have opened new avenues for understanding gene expression heterogeneity in spatial contexts. However, existing methods for identifying spatially variable genes often focus solely on statistical significance, limiting their ability to capture continuous expression patterns and integrate spot-level covariates. To address these challenges, we introduce spVC, a statistical method based on a generalized Poisson model. spVC seamlessly integrates constant and spatially varying effects of covariates, facilitating comprehensive exploration of gene expression variability and enhancing interpretability. Simulation and real data applications confirm spVC's accuracy in these tasks, highlighting its versatility in spatial transcriptomics analysis.
Published: 2024

20. Correction: Novel aerosol treatment of airway hyper-reactivity and inflammation in a murine model of asthma with a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor.

Author: Zhang, Chuanzhen, Zhang, Chuanzhen, Li, Wei, Li, Xiyuan, Wan, Debin, Mack, Savannah, Zhang, Jingjing, Wagner, Karen, Wang, Chang, Tan, Bowen, Chen, Jason, Wu, Ching-Wen, Tsuji, Kaori, Takeuchi, Minoru, Chen, Ziping, Hammock, Bruce, Pinkerton, Kent, Yang, Jun, Zhang, Chuanzhen, Zhang, Chuanzhen, Li, Wei, Li, Xiyuan, Wan, Debin, Mack, Savannah, Zhang, Jingjing, Wagner, Karen, Wang, Chang, Tan, Bowen, Chen, Jason, Wu, Ching-Wen, Tsuji, Kaori, Takeuchi, Minoru, Chen, Ziping, Hammock, Bruce, Pinkerton, Kent, and Yang, Jun
Abstract: [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266608.].
Published: 2024

21. Conforming mesh modeling of multi-physics effect on residual stress in multi-layer powder bed fusion process

Author: Kishore, Mysore Nagaraja, Kishore, Mysore Nagaraja, Qian, Dong, Soshi, Masakazu, Li, Wei, Kishore, Mysore Nagaraja, Kishore, Mysore Nagaraja, Qian, Dong, Soshi, Masakazu, and Li, Wei
Abstract: The current research aims to predict the residual stress accumulation and evolution in the powder bed fusion processed multi-layer thin wall structures through a conforming mesh modeling approach. It involves the discrete element method (DEM) interfaced with the volume of fluid (VOF) method using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) coupled with the finite element method (FEM). The conforming mesh approach developed in the research predicts multi-physics, its induced porosity, and the cumulative effect on the residual stress in the powder bed fusion processed Ti-6Al-4V thin wall structures. The results of the residual stress in the multi-layered component from this method were further quantitatively compared with the non-conforming finite element method. The results show the conforming mesh approach was not only effective in capturing the layer geometry, and defects induced during the printing, but also predicted the residual stress in the region of the defect more accurately than the non-conforming mesh methods.
Published: 2024

22. Stress biology: Complexity and multifariousness in health and disease.

Author: Mayer, Matthias, Mayer, Matthias, Blair, Laura, Blatch, Gregory, Borges, Thiago, Chadli, Ahmed, Chiosis, Gabriela, de Thonel, Aurélie, Dinkova-Kostova, Albena, Ecroyd, Heath, Edkins, Adrienne, Eguchi, Takanori, Fleshner, Monika, Foley, Kevin, Fragkostefanakis, Sotirios, Gestwicki, Jason, Goloubinoff, Pierre, Heritz, Jennifer, Heske, Christine, Hibshman, Jonathan, Joutsen, Jenny, Li, Wei, Lynes, Michael, Mendillo, Marc, Mivechi, Nahid, Mokoena, Fortunate, Okusha, Yuka, Prahlad, Veena, Repasky, Elizabeth, Sannino, Sara, Scalia, Federica, Shalgi, Reut, Sistonen, Lea, Sontag, Emily, van Oosten-Hawle, Patricija, Vihervaara, Anniina, Wickramaratne, Anushka, Wang, Shawn, Zininga, Tawanda, Mayer, Matthias, Mayer, Matthias, Blair, Laura, Blatch, Gregory, Borges, Thiago, Chadli, Ahmed, Chiosis, Gabriela, de Thonel, Aurélie, Dinkova-Kostova, Albena, Ecroyd, Heath, Edkins, Adrienne, Eguchi, Takanori, Fleshner, Monika, Foley, Kevin, Fragkostefanakis, Sotirios, Gestwicki, Jason, Goloubinoff, Pierre, Heritz, Jennifer, Heske, Christine, Hibshman, Jonathan, Joutsen, Jenny, Li, Wei, Lynes, Michael, Mendillo, Marc, Mivechi, Nahid, Mokoena, Fortunate, Okusha, Yuka, Prahlad, Veena, Repasky, Elizabeth, Sannino, Sara, Scalia, Federica, Shalgi, Reut, Sistonen, Lea, Sontag, Emily, van Oosten-Hawle, Patricija, Vihervaara, Anniina, Wickramaratne, Anushka, Wang, Shawn, and Zininga, Tawanda
Abstract: Preserving and regulating cellular homeostasis in the light of changing environmental conditions or developmental processes is of pivotal importance for single cellular and multicellular organisms alike. To counteract an imbalance in cellular homeostasis transcriptional programs evolved, called the heat shock response, unfolded protein response, and integrated stress response, that act cell-autonomously in most cells but in multicellular organisms are subjected to cell-nonautonomous regulation. These transcriptional programs downregulate the expression of most genes but increase the expression of heat shock genes, including genes encoding molecular chaperones and proteases, proteins involved in the repair of stress-induced damage to macromolecules and cellular structures. Sixty-one years after the discovery of the heat shock response by Ferruccio Ritossa, many aspects of stress biology are still enigmatic. Recent progress in the understanding of stress responses and molecular chaperones was reported at the 12th International Symposium on Heat Shock Proteins in Biology, Medicine and the Environment in the Old Town Alexandria, VA, USA from 28th to 31st of October 2023.
Published: 2024

23. Effect of Preadministration of Nalmefene on Sufentanil-Induced Cough During Induction of General Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Breast Surgery: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

Author: Xie,Weiji, He,Honglian, Hong,Jishuang, Feng,Chengfei, Li,Wei, Li,Yongchun, Xie,Weiji, He,Honglian, Hong,Jishuang, Feng,Chengfei, Li,Wei, and Li,Yongchun
Abstract: Weiji Xie,1,&ast; Honglian He,2,&ast; Jishuang Hong,3 Chengfei Feng,1 Wei Li,1 Yongchun Li1 1Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Peopleâs Republic of China; 2Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, Peopleâs Republic of China; 3Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, Peopleâs Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yongchun Li; Wei Li, Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Peopleâs Republic of China, Email liyongch@sysucc.org.cn; liw@sysucc.org.cnPurpose: This study was designed to investigate the effects of preadministration of nalmefene before general anesthesia induction on sufentanil-induced cough (SIC) in patients undergoing breast surgery.Patients and Methods: A total of 105 patients scheduled for elective breast surgery under general anesthesia were selected and randomly assigned into three groups: normal saline (Group C), low-dose nalmefene 0.1 Î¼gÂ·kgâ 1 (Group LN), and high-dose nalmefene 0.25 Î¼gÂ·kgâ 1 (Group HN). Sufentanil 0.5 Î¼gÂ·kgâ 1 was injected intravenously within 2 s after 5 min of intervention. The count and severity of cough within 2 min after sufentanil injection, as well as the time to first cough, were recorded. In addition, we also collected intraoperative hemodynamic data, postoperative pain scores, the incidence of receiving rescue analgesics, and side effects up to 24 h after surgery.Results: Compared to Group C, the incidence of SIC was significantly
Published: 2024

24. Abrocitinib Monotherapy for Refractory Prurigo Nodularis: Report of Two Successful Cases

Author: Liang,Jingyao, Li,Wei, Liu,Wenyan, Yu,Yihui, Ye,Hui, Zhang,Xibao, Liang,Jingyao, Li,Wei, Liu,Wenyan, Yu,Yihui, Ye,Hui, and Zhang,Xibao
Abstract: Jingyao Liang,1,2,&ast; Wei Li,1,2,&ast; Wenyan Liu,1,2 Yihui Yu,1,2 Hui Ye,1,2 Xibao Zhang1,2 1Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, Peopleâs Republic of China; 2Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, Peopleâs Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xibao Zhang, Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Dermatology Hospital, 56 Hengfu Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510095, Peopleâs Republic of China, Tel +8620-83593476, Email gzpfbfzs@163.comAbstract: Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a debilitating chronic neuroimmunologic skin condition due to the intense pruritus and difficult to treat. The pruritogenic cytokines, particularly IL-4, IL-13, IL-22, IL-31, and oncostatin M (OSM), play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of PN, potentially involving the JAK1-STAT pathway. An oral JAK1 inhibitor, abrocitinib, is presently undergoing Phase 2 trials for the treatment of PN. We evaluated the efficacy of abrocitinib at a daily dosage of 100 mg in treating two patients with PN affecting both lower limbs: a 50-year-old male with a 16-year disease history and a 38-year-old female with over three years of disease history, both of whom had failed to respond to multiple conventional treatments. Both patients responded rapidly after one week of treatment and exhibited a marked improvement. Following eight weeks of therapy, near-complete resolution of both pruritus and lesions was achieved, and no adverse effects were reported. Additionally, there were no reported side effects during the initial four months of continued treatment. Abrocitinib is an effective targeted therapy for PN, offering a promising new option for refractory patients.Keywords: prurigo nodularis, abrocitinib, pruritus
Published: 2024

25. Long Noncoding RNA UCA1 Targets miR-582-5p and Contributes to the Progression and Drug Resistance of Bladder Cancer Cells Through ATG7-Mediated Autophagy Inhibition [Retraction]

Author: Wu,Junfeng, Li,Wei, Ning,Jinzhuo, Yu,Weimin, Rao,Ting, Cheng,Fan, Wu,Junfeng, Li,Wei, Ning,Jinzhuo, Yu,Weimin, Rao,Ting, and Cheng,Fan
Abstract: Wu J, Li W, Ning J, Yu W, Rao T, Cheng F. Onco Targets Ther. 2019;12:495–508. At the authors request, the Editor and Publisher of the journal OncoTargets and Therapy have retracted the published article. Following publication of the article, the authors raised concerns about the duplication of images from Figure 6 with those from unrelated articles. Specifically, Images for Figure 6F, shRNA scramble, PCNA and UCA1 shRNA, Ki67, have been duplicated with images for Figure 4E, MCCK1+TMZ, Caspase-3 and Figure 5E, IM+Tan, Ki67, from Liu T, Li A, Xu Y, Xin Y. MCCK1 enhances the anticancer effect of temozolomide in attenuating the invasion, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Med. 2019;8:751–760. https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.1951 and Teng Z, Xu S, Lei Q. Tanshinone IIA enhances the inhibitory effect of imatinib on proliferation and motility of acute leukemia cell line TIB‑152 in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway [Retracted]. Oncology Reports. 2020;43:503-515. https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2019.7453, respectively. The corresponding author was cooperative and responded to our queries but was unable to provide a satisfactory explanation for how the images came to be duplicated or provide satisfactory original data for the study. As verifying the validity of published work is core to the integrity of the scholarly record, the authors requested to retract the article and the Publisher and Editor agreed with this decision. We have been informed in our decision-making by our editorial policies and COPE guidelines. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”.
Published: 2024

26. Prevalence and Correlators of Diabetes Distress in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author: Zhang,Yu-Yun, Li,Wei, Sheng,Yu, Wang,Qun, Zhao,Fang, Wei,Ying, Zhang,Yu-Yun, Li,Wei, Sheng,Yu, Wang,Qun, Zhao,Fang, and Wei,Ying
Abstract: Yu-Yun Zhang,1 Wei Li,2 Yu Sheng,1 Qun Wang,3,&ast; Fang Zhao,4,&ast; Ying Wei4 1School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Peopleâs Republic of China; 2Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, Peopleâs Republic of China; 3Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, Peopleâs Republic of China; 4Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, Peopleâs Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yu Sheng, School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, Peopleâs Republic of China, Tel +86 138 1069 1298, Email shengyupumc2020@163.comPurpose: To address the prevalence of diabetes distress (DD) and its correlators in adults with type 2 diabetes.Patients and Methods: During 2021 and 2022, we conducted a cross-sectional study in three Class A tertiary comprehensive hospitals in China, and received 947 participants who completed a printed survey covering DD, demographic, diabetic, physiological, and psychosocial factors. We used Jonckheere-Terpstra, chi-square, and Fisherâs exact tests to assess intergroup differences between different levels of DD. We used ordinal logistic regression analysis to analyze correlators of DD further.Results: The prevalence of DD was 34.64%. In univariate analysis, those with lower satisfaction with financial status, longer durations of diabetes, more complications, higher glycemia, more severe insomnia, treatment by medications only, poorer lifestyle interventions, fewer self-care activities, more types and frequencies of insulin injections, and spending more money and time on treatment were susceptible to DD. Type D personality, negative illness perceptions, negative coping styles, and psychological effects of major life events were r
Published: 2024

27. Xijiao Dihuang Decoction Protects Against Murine Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Inflammation and Apoptosis via Suppressing TLR4/NF-κB and Activating PI3K/AKT Pathway

Author: Li,Wei, Lin,Mingrui, Li,Jiapeng, Ding,Qihang, Chen,Xiaoling, Chen,Huaiyu, Shen,Zhiqing, Zhu,Xueli, Li,Wei, Lin,Mingrui, Li,Jiapeng, Ding,Qihang, Chen,Xiaoling, Chen,Huaiyu, Shen,Zhiqing, and Zhu,Xueli
Abstract: Wei Li,1,&ast; Mingrui Lin,1,&ast; Jiapeng Li,2,&ast; Qihang Ding,2 Xiaoling Chen,3 Huaiyu Chen,1 Zhiqing Shen,1 Xueli Zhu1 1The Peopleâs Hospital of Fujian Traditional Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, Peopleâs Republic of China; 2Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, Peopleâs Republic of China; 3Department of Infectious Disease, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, Peopleâs Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhiqing Shen; Xueli Zhu, Email 1191863753@qq.com; zhuxueli19840205@163.comBackground: Xijiao Dihuang decoction (XJDHT), a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used to treat patients with sepsis. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of XJDHT on cardiac dysfunction have yet to be fully elucidated. The present study evaluated the potential utility of XJDHT in protecting against sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction and myocardial injury.Methods: The mice were randomly divided into 3 groups and administered Lipopolysaccharide (LPS,10 mg/kg) or equivalent saline solution (control) and treated with XJDHT (10 g/kg/day) or saline by gavage for 72 hours. XJDHT was dissolved in 0.9% sodium chloride and administered at 200 Î¼L per mouse. Transthoracic echocardiography, RNA-seq, TUNEL assays and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of cardiac tissues were performed.Results: Treatment with XJDHT significantly enhanced myocardial function and attenuated pathological change, infiltration of inflammatory cells, levels of TNF-Î±, IL-1Î² and expression of TLR4 and NF-ÎºB in mice with sepsis. RNA sequencing and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses identified 531 differentially expressed genes and multiple enriched signaling pathways including the PI3K/AKT pathway. Further, XJDHT attenuated cardiac apoptosis and decreased Bax protein expression while increasing protein levels of Bcl-2, PI3K
Published: 2024

28. Optimal Disturbance Control for Energy Feedback of Gas Water Heaters

Author: Wang, Qian, Li, Wei, Meng, Xue-qin, Li, Chun-lan, Wang, Qian, Li, Wei, Meng, Xue-qin, and Li, Chun-lan
Abstract: In order to improve the recovery and utilization of hot water energy in gas water heater pipes, a self-powered solution is proposed in this study. The proposed solution focuses on improving energy collection efficiency by increasing the heat transfer coefficient of the water flow and tracking the maximum output power of the temperature plate. The design of heat transfer structure, power characteristics of temperature plate and circuit conversion are analyzed. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed solution, a test device was constructed for physical testing and verification. The experimental results demonstrate the successful implementation of the self-powered gas water heater. The special structure and perturbation method used enable the experimental device to achieve the maximum power output, and the experimental device can continuously provide 300mW output power. This research contributes to the development of energy -efficient and self-powered gas water heater solutions, offering potential benefits for energy saving and sustainable use in the residential sector.
Published: 2024

29. Programmable Microfluidic-Assisted Highly Conductive Hydrogel Patches for Customizable Soft Electronics

Author: Liao, Junchen, Ma, Zhiqiang, Liu, Shiyuan, Li, Wei, Yang, Xiaodan, Hilal, Mohamed Elhousseini, Zhou, Xiang, Yang, Zhengbao, Khoo, Bee Luan, Liao, Junchen, Ma, Zhiqiang, Liu, Shiyuan, Li, Wei, Yang, Xiaodan, Hilal, Mohamed Elhousseini, Zhou, Xiang, Yang, Zhengbao, and Khoo, Bee Luan
Abstract: The utilization of hydrogels in soft electronics has led to significant progress in the field of wearable and implantable devices. However, challenges persist in hydrogel electronics, including the delicate equilibrium between stretchability and electrical conductivity, intricacies in miniaturization, and susceptibility to dehydration. Here, a lignin-polyacrylamide (Ag-LPA) hydrogel composite endowed with anti-freeze, self-adhesive, exceptional water retention properties, and high stretchability (1072%) is presented. Notably, this composite demonstrated impressive electrical conductivity at room temperature (47.924 S cm-1) and extremely cold temperatures (42.507 S cm-1). It is further proposed for microfluidic-assisted hydrogel patches (MAHPs) to facilitate customizable designs of the Ag-LPA hydrogel composite. This approach enhances water retention and offers versatility in packaging materials, making it a promising choice for enduring soft electronics applications. As a proof-of-concept, soft electronics across diverse applications and dimensions, encompassing healthcare monitoring, environmental temperature sensing, and 3D-spring pressure monitoring electronics are successfully developed. The scenery of an extremely cold environment is further extended. The conductivity of the embedded Ag-LPA hydrogel composite unveils the potential of MAHPs in polar rescue missions. It is envisioned that MAHPs will impact the development of sophisticated and tailored soft electronics, thereby forging new frontiers in engineering applications. This figure illustrates the innovative application of customizable microfluidic-assisted hydrogel patches (MAHPs), engineered to exhibit remarkable stretchability and exceptional conductivity. MAHPs present with high conductivity (47.924 S cm-1), maintaining their high performance even under extreme cold conditions (-20 degrees C, 42.507 S cm-1). These prototypes are pivotal in enabling precise health monitoring, presenting invaluable solut
Published: 2024

30. Behavior of FRP-engineered cementitious composite layer and concrete interface with FRP anchors

Author: Li, Wei-Wen, Liu, Jie, Lin, Qian-Xiang, Yang, Xu, Shumuye, Eskinder Desta, Peng, Wang, Li, Wei-Wen, Liu, Jie, Lin, Qian-Xiang, Yang, Xu, Shumuye, Eskinder Desta, and Peng, Wang
Abstract: The problem of low material utilization caused by premature interface debonding is prevalent in carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP)-reinforced concrete structures. In this study, the influence of anchors on the bonding and behavior of the FRP-engineered cementitious composite (ECC) layer and concrete interface was analyzed. A total of 42 single shear tests were performed to investigate the interface–bond behavior between the FRP-ECC layer and concrete under static load in case of anchor reinforcement. The variables mainly include the matrix type, anchor location, anchor spacing, and number of anchors. The results show that the anchor can increase the interfacial load-carrying capacity up to 85%; the maximum slip value of the interface can also be enhanced. Furthermore, the influence of the location, spacing, and number of anchors on the interface bonding performance is closely related to the effective bonding length and post-anchor bond length. The effective bonding length is 400 mm based on the strain distribution calculation and analysis. The test results provide valuable information for FRP anchor reinforcement in FRP-ECC composite layer-reinforced concrete structures. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
Published: 2024

31. Effects of concrete-stirrup interaction on shear behavior of RC beams under varying shear span-depth ratio scenarios

Author: Li, Wei-wen, Li, Ze-chen, Chen, Hao-dong, Zhou, Ying-wu, Mansour, Walid, Wang, Xing-quan, Wang, Peng, Li, Wei-wen, Li, Ze-chen, Chen, Hao-dong, Zhou, Ying-wu, Mansour, Walid, Wang, Xing-quan, and Wang, Peng
Abstract: The shear failure of steel-reinforced concrete (RC) beams poses a critical threat to structural integrity and human safety, given its inherently brittle nature and lack of premonitory signs. Consequently, comprehending the intricate concrete-stirrup interaction mechanism holds substantial importance. Such understanding facilitates the advancement of robust structural systems, optimization of construction design, and identification of potential failure modes. In pursuit of this objective, this study proposes a simple and cost-effective approach to analyze the interplay between cementing force, friction resistance, and mechanical interaction at the concrete-stirrup interface, considering a diverse range of shear span-depth ratios. Experimental results indicate that the favorite concrete-stirrup interaction can facilitate the load transfer between concrete and intersected stirrups, resulting in a notable reduction in concrete crack width (by 9.1%−57.1%) and a considerable shear contribution of concrete (by 0.3%−4.7%) and stirrups (by 0.3%−3.1%), as well as a substantial enhancement in structural shear capacity (by 0.3%−39.9%). The outcomes of this study yield useful information for engineers on the crucial role of favorable concrete-stirrup interaction in the advanced shear performance of RC beams. © 2024 Institution of Structural Engineers
Published: 2024

32. Steel corrosion induced shear performance deterioration of RC beams: Experimental investigation and numerical simulation

Author: Li, Wei-wen, Huang, Jian-qiang, Lu, Yao, Zhou, Ying-wu, Mansour, Walid, Kai, Ming-feng, Qin, Shaofeng, Wang, Peng, Li, Wei-wen, Huang, Jian-qiang, Lu, Yao, Zhou, Ying-wu, Mansour, Walid, Kai, Ming-feng, Qin, Shaofeng, and Wang, Peng
Abstract: The corrosion of steel stirrups is recognized as a significant contributing factor to shear deterioration in reinforced concrete (RC) structures, leading to detrimental effects on structural performance and potential early failures during service. To investigate the effect of corrosion levels on the shear behavior of RC beams, a series of three-point bending tests were conducted in this study. Furthermore, finite element analyses were employed to duplicate the shear behavior and failure modes observed in the experiments. The numerical outcomes are aligned with experimental results, confirming the validity of the developed constitutive models. The findings reveal that a low corrosion level (5%) in steel stirrups exhibits a limited impact on the overall structural shear capacity (-4%-0.9%). However, a higher corrosion level (12%) in stirrups induces a more pronounced reduction in structural shear capacity. This reduction is particularly prominent in scenarios involving a high shear span-to-depth (av/d) ratio. The developed finite element model, incorporating comprehensive constitutive models for individual components, offers engineers a prospective approach for forecasting the long-term shear performance of corroded RC beams. © 2024 The Authors
Published: 2024

33. SrcMarker: Dual-Channel Source Code Watermarking via Scalable Code Transformations

Author: Yang, Borui, Li, Wei, Xiang, Liyao, Li, Bo, Yang, Borui, Li, Wei, Xiang, Liyao, and Li, Bo
Published: 2024

34. High-density vertical sidewall MoS2 transistors through T-shape vertical lamination.

Author: Tao, Quanyang, Tao, Quanyang, Wu, Ruixia, Zou, Xuming, Chen, Yang, Li, Wanying, Lu, Zheyi, Ma, Likuan, Kong, Lingan, Lu, Donglin, Yang, Xiaokun, Song, Wenjing, Li, Wei, Liu, Liting, Ding, Shuimei, Liu, Xiao, Duan, Xidong, Liao, Lei, Liu, Yin Allison, Tao, Quanyang, Tao, Quanyang, Wu, Ruixia, Zou, Xuming, Chen, Yang, Li, Wanying, Lu, Zheyi, Ma, Likuan, Kong, Lingan, Lu, Donglin, Yang, Xiaokun, Song, Wenjing, Li, Wei, Liu, Liting, Ding, Shuimei, Liu, Xiao, Duan, Xidong, Liao, Lei, and Liu, Yin Allison
Abstract: Vertical transistors, in which the source and drain are aligned vertically and the current flow is normal to the wafer surface, have attracted considerable attention recently. However, the realization of high-density vertical transistors is challenging, and could be largely attributed to the incompatibility between vertical structures and conventional lateral fabrication processes. Here we report a T-shape lamination approach for realizing high-density vertical sidewall transistors, where lateral transistors could be pre-fabricated on planar substrates first and then laminated onto vertical substrates using T-shape stamps, hence overcoming the incompatibility between planar processes and vertical structures. Based on this technique, we vertically stacked 60 MoS2 transistors within a small vertical footprint, corresponding to a device density over 108 cm-2. Furthermore, we demonstrate two approaches for scalable fabrication of vertical sidewall transistor arrays, including simultaneous lamination onto multiple vertical substrates, as well as on the same vertical substrate using multi-cycle layer-by-layer laminations.
Published: 2024

35. Categories of Line Defects and Cohomological Hall Algebras

Author: Gaiotto, Davide, Grygoryev, Nikita, Li, Wei, Gaiotto, Davide, Grygoryev, Nikita, and Li, Wei
Abstract: Any four-dimensional Supersymmetric Quantum Field Theory with eight supercharges can be associated to a monoidal category of BPS line defects. Any Coulomb vacuum of such a theory can be conjecturally associated to an "algebra of BPS particles'', exemplified by certain Cohomological Hall Algebras. We conjecture the existence of a monoidal functor from the category of line defects to a certain category of bimodules for the BPS Algebra in any Coulomb vacuum. We describe images of simple objects under the conjectural functor and study their monoidal structure in examples. As we vary the choice of vacuum, we expect the collection of functors associated to any given theory to capture the full information of the original monoidal category of lines., Comment: 78 pages
Published: 2024

36. Hydrodynamic modes in holographic multiple-axion model

Author: Xia, Ling-Zheng, Li, Wei-Jia, Xia, Ling-Zheng, and Li, Wei-Jia
Abstract: In this paper we investigate the shear viscoelasticity and the hydrodynamic modes in a holographic solid model with several sets of axions that all break the translations spontaneously on boundary. Comparing with the single-axion model, the shear modulus is enhanced at high temperatures and the shear viscosity is always suppressed in the presence of additional axions. However, the different sets of axions exhibit competitive relationship in determining the shear modulus at low temperatures. Furthermore, by calculating the black hole quasi-normal modes, it is found that adding more axions only increases the amount of diffusive modes. The number of the sound modes always remains unchanged., Comment: 25pages, 20 figures
Published: 2024

37. Deriving Neutron Star Equation of State from AdS/QCD

Author: Li, Wei, Wu, Jing-Yi, Zhang, Kilar, Li, Wei, Wu, Jing-Yi, and Zhang, Kilar
Abstract: Neutron stars are among the main targets for gravitational wave observatories, however, their equation of state is still not well established. Mainly phenomenological models with many parameters are widely used by far, while theoretical models are not so practical. In arXiv:1902.08477, a theoretical equation of state with only one parameter is derived from Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model, as an application of AdS/QCD, where pointlike instanton case is taken into consideration. When the tidal deformability constraint from gravitational wave event is satisfied, the maximum mass is about 1.7 solar masses. Now we upgrade this model to instanton gas, with one more variable, the instanton width. This is not naively a free parameter, but a function of the chemical potential. Thus we end up with a more complicated and accurate model, but still with only one adjustable parameter. In this case, we find the maximum mass becomes 1.85 solar masses. This is an encouraging result, as a theoretically derived model., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures; v2: published version, with parameter sensitivity analysis added in Appendix C
Published: 2024
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38. Holography and Regge Phases with $U(1)$ Charge

Author: Fardelli, Giulia, Fitzpatrick, A. Liam, Li, Wei, Fardelli, Giulia, Fitzpatrick, A. Liam, and Li, Wei
Abstract: We use holography to study the large spin $J$ limit of the spectrum of low energy states with charge $Q$ under a $U(1)$ conserved current in CFTs in $d>2$ dimensions, with a focus on $d=3$ and $d=4$. For $Q=2$, the spectrum of such states is known to be universal and properly captured by the long-distance limit of holographic theories, regardless of whether the CFT itself is holographic. We study in detail the holographic description of such states at $Q>2$, by considering the contribution to the energies of $Q$ scalar particles coming from single photon and graviton exchange in the bulk of AdS; in some cases, scalar exchange and bulk contact terms are also included. For a range of finite values of $Q$ and $J$, we numerically diagonalize the Hamiltonian for such states and examine the resulting spectrum and wavefunctions as a function of the dimension $\Delta$ of the charge-one operator and the central charges $c_{\mathcal{T}}, c_{\mathcal{J}}$ of the stress tensor and U(1) current, finding multiple regions in parameter space with qualitatively different behavior. We discuss the extension of these results to the regime of parametrically large charge $Q$, as well as to what extent such results are expected to hold universally, beyond the limit of holographic CFTs. We compare our holographic computations to results from the conformal bootstrap for the $3d$ O(2) model at $Q=3$ and $Q=4$ and find excellent agreement., Comment: 88 pages, many nice figures
Published: 2024

39. Effects of Fu’s Subcutaneous Needling on Postoperative Pain in Patients Receiving Surgery for Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Disorders: A Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial

Author: Wu,Chih-Ying, Chou,Li-Wei, Huang,Shih-Wei, Liao,Wen-Ling, Chang,Shiaw-Meng, Lee,Han-Chung, Chiu,Cheng-Di, Tang,Chih-Hsin, Hsieh,Ching-Liang, Wu,Chih-Ying, Chou,Li-Wei, Huang,Shih-Wei, Liao,Wen-Ling, Chang,Shiaw-Meng, Lee,Han-Chung, Chiu,Cheng-Di, Tang,Chih-Hsin, and Hsieh,Ching-Liang
Abstract: Chih-Ying Wu,1â 3 Li-Wei Chou,4â 6 Shih-Wei Huang,7 Wen-Ling Liao,1,8 Shiaw-Meng Chang,9 Han-Chung Lee,10 Cheng-Di Chiu,3,11â 14 Chih-Hsin Tang,13,15â 18 Ching-Liang Hsieh16,19,20 1Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; 2Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, China Medical University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; 3Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; 4Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; 5Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; 6Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Asia University Hospital, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; 7Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, China Medical University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; 8Center for Personalized Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; 9Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; 10Neuroscience center, Everan Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; 11Spine Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; 12School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; 13Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; 14Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; 15Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; 16Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; 17Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; 18Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan; 19Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hosp
Published: 2024

40. Polycrystalline silicon, a molecular dynamics study : I. Deposition and growth modes

Author: Santonen, Mikael, Lahti, Antti, Jahanshah Rad, Zahra, Miettinen, Mikko, Ebrahimzadeh, Masoud, Lehtiö, Juha-Pekka, Laukkanen, Pekka, Punkkinen, Marko, Paturi, Petriina, Kokko, Kalevi, Kuronen, Antti, Li, Wei, Vitos, Levente, Parkkinen, Katja, Eklund, Markus, Santonen, Mikael, Lahti, Antti, Jahanshah Rad, Zahra, Miettinen, Mikko, Ebrahimzadeh, Masoud, Lehtiö, Juha-Pekka, Laukkanen, Pekka, Punkkinen, Marko, Paturi, Petriina, Kokko, Kalevi, Kuronen, Antti, Li, Wei, Vitos, Levente, Parkkinen, Katja, and Eklund, Markus
Abstract: Polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) significantly expands the properties of the ICT miracle material, silicon (Si). Depending on the grain size and shape and grain boundary structure, the properties of poly-Si exceed what single-crystal (c-Si) and amorphous (a-Si) silicon can offer, especially for radio frequency (RF) applications in microelectronics. Due to its wide range of applications and, on the one hand, its theoretically and technologically challenging microstructure, poly-Si research is the most timely (Ding et al 2020 Mater. Charact. 161 110174; Zhao and Li 2019 Acta Mater. 168 52-62). In this report, we describe how we simulate and analyse the phenomena and mechanisms that control the effect of poly-Si deposition parameters on the structure of the deposited poly-Si films using classical molecular dynamics simulations. The grain shape and size, degree of crystallinity, grain boundary structure and the stress of poly-Si films are determined depending on the growth temperature, temperature distribution in the growing film, deposition flux, flux variation and the energy transferred to the film surface due to the deposition flux. The main results include: (i) the dependence of the crystallinity profile of the deposited poly-Si films on the stress, temperature and the different parameters of the deposition flux, (ii) growth modes at the early stages of the deposition, (iii) interaction and stability of seed crystallites at the early stage of the deposition of poly-Si films and the transition from the isolated crystallite growth to the poly-Si growth, (iv) interplay of the temperature, crystallinity, crystal shape and heath conductivity of different Si phases, (v) four different stages of crystallite growth are described: nucleation, growth, disappearance and retardation.
Published: 2024
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41. Effects of direction specific exercise training on athletic performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author: Huang, Jiaru, Hortobágyi, Tibor, Dos’Santos, Thomas, Shi, Yu, Que, Yilin, Lin, Junlei, Su, Yuying, Li, Wei, Huang, Jiaru, Hortobágyi, Tibor, Dos’Santos, Thomas, Shi, Yu, Que, Yilin, Lin, Junlei, Su, Yuying, and Li, Wei
Abstract: Background The similarity between movement patterns and force-vector specificity of training exercises and the target movement will likely result in the greatest transfer of the practiced skills and physical abilities to the intended sports skill performance. Therefore, this review aimed to investigate whether specific adaptations in athletic performance would be observed following direction specific exercise training. Methodology The literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE. Studies comparing acute (post-activation potentiation enhancement) and short-term (>2 weeks) effects of horizontally vs. vertically oriented resistance and plyometric training on athletic performance of recreationally active participants of either sex were included. The effect sizes were determined using a robust variance estimation random-effects model and were reported as Hedge’s g. Results Twenty-two studies were included. For acute studies (n = 4), a small non-significant effect favoring horizontal training (HT) for sprint performance improvements (g = −0.19, p = 0.17) was evident. For short-term studies (n = 18), the results showed non-significant, small to large differences between HT and vertical training (VT) in pooled vertical and horizontal jump improvements (g = 0.06, p = 0.67), vertical (g = 0.21, p = 0.17) and horizontal jump (g = −0.15, p = 0.40), pooled vertical and horizontal maximal strength (g = 0.27, p = 0.42), horizontal (g = −0.83, p = 0.16) and vertical maximal strength (g = 0.78, p = 0.28), pooled short and medium distance sprint (g = −0.23, p = 0.16), short (g = −0.33 [−0.85, 0.19], p = 0.19) and medium (g = −0.12 [−0.37, 0.13], p = 0.28) distance sprint, and COD speed and maneuverability (g = −0.45, p = 0.26). Conclusions HT and VT were both equally effective in improving vertically and horizontally athletic performance, potentially refuting the theory of directional specificity of training on athletic performance outcomes.
Published: 2024

42. UPF1 plays critical roles in early B cell development

Author: Iwai, Noriki, Akaki, Kotaro, Hia, Fabian, Li, Wei, Yoshinaga, Masanori, Mino, Takashi, Takeuchi, Osamu, Iwai, Noriki, Akaki, Kotaro, Hia, Fabian, Li, Wei, Yoshinaga, Masanori, Mino, Takashi, and Takeuchi, Osamu
Abstract: The ATP-dependent RNA helicase UPF1 plays a crucial role in various mRNA degradation pathways, most importantly in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Here, we show that UPF1 is upregulated during the early stages of B cell development and is important for early B cell development in the bone marrow. B-cell-specific Upf1 deletion in mice severely impedes the early to late LPre-B cell transition, in which Vʜ-DʜJʜ recombination occurs at the Igh gene. Furthermore, UPF1 is indispensable for Vʜ-DʜJʜ recombination, without affecting Dʜ-Jʜ recombination. Intriguingly, the genetic pre-arrangement of the Igh gene rescues the differentiation defect in early LPre-B cells under Upf1 deficient conditions. However, differentiation is blocked again following Ig light chain recombination, leading to a failure in development into immature B cells. Notably, UPF1 interacts with and regulates the expression of genes involved in immune responses, cell cycle control, NMD, and the unfolded protein response in B cells. Collectively, our findings underscore the critical roles of UPF1 during the early LPre-B cell stage and beyond, thus orchestrating B cell development.
Published: 2024

43. Tuning network structures of hydrophobic hydrogels by controlling polymerization solvent

Author: Fan, Hailong, Naohara, Daito, Li, Wei, Li, Xiang, Gong, Jian Ping, Fan, Hailong, Naohara, Daito, Li, Wei, Li, Xiang, and Gong, Jian Ping
Abstract: Hydrophobic copolymer hydrogels hold great promise for various functional applications; however, the influence of monomer distribution and the resulting network structures on hydrogel properties remains largely unexplored. Here, hydrophobic hydrogels were synthesized through free-radical copolymerization using equimolar cationic and fluorous monomers. By employing precursor solutions with different solvent qualities, hydrogels with diverse copolymer network phase behaviors, varying from homogeneous networks to phase-separated structures, were obtained. The hydrophilicity disparity between monomers, coupled with their distribution in networks, dictates the hydrogel properties. Statistical copolymer hydrogels demonstrated swelling behaviors in both water and organic solvents, whereas phase-separated hydrogels exhibited anti-swelling behaviors. Moreover, statistical copolymer hydrogels equilibrated in saltwater showed superior mechanical strength and fracture energy compared to the phase-separated hydrogels. These findings underscore the pivotal role of monomer distribution in controlling copolymer hydrogel properties, providing a promising avenue for the design of hydrogel materials.
Published: 2024

44. Origin, evolution and significance of giant buried sediment mounds near the Sahara Slide Complex, North‐west African margin

Author: Li, Wei, Krastel, Sebastian, Alves, Tiago M., Jing, Song, Rebesco, Michele, Gross, Felix, Urlaub, Morelia, Georgiopoulou, Aggeliki, Li, Wei, Krastel, Sebastian, Alves, Tiago M., Jing, Song, Rebesco, Michele, Gross, Felix, Urlaub, Morelia, and Georgiopoulou, Aggeliki
Abstract: Mixed turbidite–contourite depositional systems result from interactions between down‐slope turbidity currents and along‐slope bottom currents, comprising excellent records of past oceanographic currents. Modern and ancient systems have been widely documented along the continental margins of the Atlantic Ocean. Yet, few examples have so far been identified on the North‐west African continental margin, limiting understanding of the sedimentary and palaeoceanographic evolution in this area. This work uses two‐dimensional seismic reflection profiles to report, for the first time, the presence of three giant sediment mounds beneath the headwall region of the Sahara Slide Complex. The sediment mounds are elongated and separated by two broad canyons, showing a north‐west/south‐east orientation that is roughly perpendicular to the continental margin. These mounds are 24 to 37 km long and 12 to 17 km wide, reaching a maximum height of ca 1000 m. Numerous slide scarps are observed within and along the flanks of the mounds, hinting at the occurrence of submarine landslides during their development. Based on their geometries, external shapes, internal seismic architecture and stratigraphic stacking patterns, it is proposed that these sediment mounds comprise down‐slope elongated mounded drifts formed in a mixed turbidite–contourite system during four evolutionary stages: onset, growth, maintenance and burial. The significance of this work is that it demonstrates the gradual transition from a turbidite system to a full mixed turbidite–contourite system to be associated, in the study area, with the establishment of strong ocean currents along north‐west Africa.
Published: 2024
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45. Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: Schumacher, A, Kyu, H, Aali, A, Abbafati, C, Abbas, J, Abbasgholizadeh, R, Abbasi, M, Abbasian, M, Abd ElHafeez, S, Abdelmasseh, M, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdelwahab, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdoun, M, Abdullahi, A, Abdurehman, A, Abebe, M, Abedi, A, Abegaz, T, Abeldaño Zuñiga, R, Abhilash, E, Abiodun, O, Aboagye, R, Abolhassani, H, Abouzid, M, Abreu, L, Abrha, W, Abrigo, M, Abtahi, D, Abu Rumeileh, S, Abu-Rmeileh, N, Aburuz, S, Abu-Zaid, A, Acuna, J, Adair, T, Addo, I, Adebayo, O, Adegboye, O, Adekanmbi, V, Aden, B, Adepoju, A, Adetunji, C, Adeyeoluwa, T, Adeyomoye, O, Adha, R, Adibi, A, Adikusuma, W, Adnani, Q, Adra, S, Afework, A, Afolabi, A, Afraz, A, Afyouni, S, Afzal, S, Agasthi, P, Aghamiri, S, Agodi, A, Agyemang-Duah, W, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, D, Ahmad, F, Ahmad, M, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadzade, A, Ahmadzade, M, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, L, Ahmed, M, Ahmed, S, Ajami, M, Aji, B, Ajumobi, O, Akalu, G, Akara, E, Akinosoglou, K, Akkala, S, Akyirem, S, Al Hamad, H, Al Hasan, S, Al Homsi, A, Al Qadire, M, Ala, M, Aladelusi, T, AL-Ahdal, T, Alalalmeh, S, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, M, Alam, Z, Al-amer, R, Alanezi, F, Alanzi, T, Albashtawy, M, Albataineh, M, Aldridge, R, Alemi, S, Al-Eyadhy, A, Al-Gheethi, A, Alhabib, K, Alhalaiqa, F, Al-Hanawi, M, Ali, A, Ali, B, Ali, H, Ali, M, Ali, R, Ali, S, Ali, Z, Alian Samakkhah, S, Alicandro, G, Alif, S, Aligol, M, Alimi, R, Aliyi, A, Al-Jumaily, A, Aljunid, S, Almahmeed, W, Al-Marwani, S, Al-Maweri, S, Almazan, J, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Almidani, O, Alomari, M, Alonso, N, Alqahtani, J, Alqutaibi, A, Al-Sabah, S, Altaf, A, Al-Tawfiq, J, Altirkawi, K, Alvi, F, Alwafi, H, Al-Worafi, Y, Aly, H, Alzoubi, K, Amare, A, Ameyaw, E, Amhare, A, Amin, T, Amindarolzarbi, A, Aminian Dehkordi, J, Amiri, S, Amu, H, Amugsi, D, Amzat, J, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrade, P, Andrei, C, Andrei, T, Angappan, D, Anil, A, Anjum, A, Antony, C, Antriyandarti, E, Anuoluwa, I, Anwar, S, Anyasodor, A, Appiah, S, Aqeel, M, Arabloo, J, Arabzadeh Bahri, 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Published: 2024

46. Towards the first axion search results of the Any Light Particle Search II experiment

Author: Wei, Li-Wei and Wei, Li-Wei
Abstract: Any Light Particle Search II (ALPS II) is a dual optical cavity enhanced light-shining-through-a-wall (LSW) experiment at DESY in Hamburg looking for axions and axion-like particles with a target search sensitivity of $g_{a \gamma \gamma}$ down to $2 \times 10^{-11}\,\textrm{GeV}^{-1}$ for masses $m_a \leq 0.1\,\textrm{meV}$. Two 120$\,$m long strings of superconducting dipole magnets have been set up, each providing a magnetic field-length product of $560\,\textrm{T}\cdot\textrm{m}$. A resonant optical cavity with a record-worthy storage time of as high as 7$\,$ms has been constructed to encompass one magnet string. During its initial data-taking phase ALPS II will be operated with a simplified optical configuration that facilitates the characterization of the experiment. The first ALPS II science run took place in May/June 2023 and achieved an estimated search sensitivity of $g_{a \gamma \gamma}$ of around $6 \times 10^{-10}\,\textrm{GeV}^{-1}$ for $m_a \leq 0.1\,\textrm{meV}$. Data analysis and further data runs are under way. Final results on axion-photon coupling from the initial science runs of ALPS II are expected in early 2024., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, contribution to the proceedings of the XVIII International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP2023)
Published: 2024
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47. Longtime evolution and stationary response of a stochastic tumor-immune system with resting T cells

Author: Bingshuo, Wang, Li, Wei, Zhao, Junfeng, Trišović, Nataša, Bingshuo, Wang, Li, Wei, Zhao, Junfeng, and Trišović, Nataša
Abstract: In this paper, we take the resting T cells into account and interpret the progression and regression of tumors by a predator-prey like tumor-immune system. First, we construct an appropriate Lyapunov function to prove the existence and uniqueness of the global positive solution to the system. Then, by utilizing the stochastic comparison theorem, we prove the moment boundedness of tumor cells and two types of T cells. Furthermore, we analyze the impact of stochastic perturbations on the extinction and persistence of tumor cells and obtain the stationary probability density of the tumor cells in the persistent state. The results indicate that when the noise intensity of tumor perturbation is low, tumor cells remain in a persistent state. As this intensity gradually increases, the population of tumors moves towards a lower level, and the stochastic bifurcation phenomena occurs. When it reaches a certain threshold, instead the number of tumor cells eventually enter into an extinct state, and further increasing of the noise intensity will accelerate this process.
Published: 2024

48. On the origin of cognition: How childhood conditions shape cognitive function in old age

Author: Cai, Shu, Li, Wei, Cai, Shu, and Li, Wei
Abstract: This paper examines the long-term relationship between early childhood conditions and cognitive ageing. Using unique data from a longitudinal survey of Chinese older people, we find that people with adverse childhood conditions not only have lower cognitive ability, but also exhibit faster cognitive deterioration at older ages. The results also indicate that the educational attainment is one of the most important channels mediating the associations. Further analyses suggest that females suffer more from the adverse childhood conditions than males, and the relationship is more pronounced for the fluid intelligence than the crystallized intelligence. © 2023
Published: 2024

49. Effects of strontium oxide on synthesis and performance of monocrystalline ultrahigh-Ni layered cathode materials for Li-ion batteries

Author: Lai, Tingmin, Sheng, Ao, Zhang, Zifang, Li, Wei, Zhong, Shengkui, Li, Yanwei, Pei, Yi, Huang, Bin, Lai, Tingmin, Sheng, Ao, Zhang, Zifang, Li, Wei, Zhong, Shengkui, Li, Yanwei, Pei, Yi, and Huang, Bin
Abstract: Monocrystalline layered cathode is of particular interest owing to the satisfactory mechanical integrity against long-term cycling. However, the high-temperature calcination, which is perceived as the indispensable reaction condition, favors the formation of Ni2+ that triggers the Li+/Ni2+ disorder and the formation of electrochemically inactive NiO. Herein, we develop a SrO-assistant method to synthesize a monocrystalline ultrahigh-Ni LiNi0.95-Co0.04Mn0.01O2 under a moderate calcination temperature. The addition of an appropriate amount of SrO (0.3 wt %, SCN95-Sr-3) facilitates the formation of monocrystalline LiNi0.95Co0.04Mn0.01O2 (grain size: 2-4 mu m) under 790 degrees C. The obtained LiNi0.95Co0.04Mn0.01O2 represents excellent electrochemical properties with an initial discharge capacity of 240.5 mAh g-1 and a Coulombic efficiency of 90.1 % at 0.1C (1C = 220 mA g-1) in a Li- metal half cell. Upon long-term cycling, the monocrystalline feature with less crystallographic defect effectively enhances the structural stability and inhibits the formation of intergranular cracks, resulting in an enhanced cyclic stability (discharge capacity of 151.0 mAh g-1 maintained after 300 cycles at 1C in a Li-metal half cell). Coupled with a graphite anode, the LiNi0.95Co0.04Mn0.01O2\\ graphite full cell represents a stable cycling at 1C, with a capacity retention of 99.0 % after 100 cycles.
Published: 2024

50. Two Novel and Three Recurrent Mutations in the Mevalonate Pathway Genes in Chinese Patients with Porokeratosis

Author: Wang,Xiuping, Ouyang,Xiaoliang, Zhang,Deng, Zhu,Yunxia, Wu,Liang, Xiao,Zhen, Yu,Simin, Li,Wei, Li,Chunming, Wang,Xiuping, Ouyang,Xiaoliang, Zhang,Deng, Zhu,Yunxia, Wu,Liang, Xiao,Zhen, Yu,Simin, Li,Wei, and Li,Chunming
Abstract: Xiuping Wang,1 Xiaoliang Ouyang,2 Deng Zhang,1 Yunxia Zhu,1 Liang Wu,1 Zhen Xiao,3 Simin Yu,1 Wei Li,2 Chunming Li1 1Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, Peopleâs Republic of China; 2Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, Peopleâs Republic of China; 3Department of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, Peopleâs Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Chunming Li, Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, Peopleâs Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 791 86278821, Email chunminglincu@163.comPurpose: Porokeratosis (PK) is a chronic autosomal-dominant cutaneous keratinization disorder exhibiting clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Mevalonate decarboxylase (MVD), farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS), phosphomevalonate kinase(PMVK), and mevalonate kinase genes(MVK), which encode the mevalonate pathway, are disease-causing genes in PK.Patients and Methods: Data and blood samples were collected from two Chinese families and five sporadic patients with porokeratosis. Whole-exome and Sanger sequencing were performed to detect pathogenic gene mutation in the patients.Results: Five heterozygous mutations were identified, including a novel FDPS stop-gain mutation c.438T>G (p.Tyr146Ter), a novel MVD missense mutation c.683G>C (p.R228P), and three previously reported MVD mutations: c.746T>C (p.F249S), c.875A>G (p.N292S), and c.1111_1113del (p.371_371del). The novel FDPS c.438T>G mutation was predicted as âdisease-causingâ (p = 1) by Mutation Taster. The other novel MVD c.683G>C was also predicted as âdeleteriousâ (score = 0.00) by Sorting Intolerant From Tolerant (SIFT), âprobably damagingâ (score = 1) by PolyPhen2, and âdisease-causingâ (p = 0.999) by Mutation Taster.Conclusion: Our results extended the mutation spectrum of mevalonate pathway genes
Published: 2024

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