Prevalence and Correlators of Diabetes Distress in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Yu-Yun Zhang,1 Wei Li,2 Yu Sheng,1 Qun Wang,3,* Fang Zhao,4,* Ying Wei4 1School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 3Endocrinology and Metabolism Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yu Sheng, School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 138 1069 1298, Email shengyupumc2020@163.comPurpose: To address the prevalence of diabetes distress (DD) and its correlators in adults with type 2 diabetes.Patients and Methods: During 2021 and 2022, we conducted a cross-sectional study in three Class A tertiary comprehensive hospitals in China, and received 947 participants who completed a printed survey covering DD, demographic, diabetic, physiological, and psychosocial factors. We used Jonckheere-Terpstra, chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests to assess intergroup differences between different levels of DD. We used ordinal logistic regression analysis to analyze correlators of DD further.Results: The prevalence of DD was 34.64%. In univariate analysis, those with lower satisfaction with financial status, longer durations of diabetes, more complications, higher glycemia, more severe insomnia, treatment by medications only, poorer lifestyle interventions, fewer self-care activities, more types and frequencies of insulin injections, and spending more money and time on treatment were susceptible to DD. Type D personality, negative illness perceptions, negative coping styles, and psychological effects of major life events were r