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In this contribution, we study the extent to which 68 scenarios for microalgae biofuels could help the heavy-duty transport sector operate within planetary boundaries. The proposed scenarios are built considering a range of alternative configurations based on three types of fuel production processes (i.e., transesterification, hydrodeoxygenation, and hydrothermal liquefaction), different carbon sources (such as natural gas power plants and direct air capture), byproduct treatments, and two electricity mixes. Our results reveal that microalgae biofuels could significantly reduce the environmental and human health impacts of the business-as-usual (fossil-based) heavy-duty transport sector. Moreover, relative to standard biofuels that show large land-use requirements, we find that microalgae biofuels also decrease the damage on biosphere integrity substantially. Notably, pathways resorting to hydrodeoxygenation of microalgae oil and direct air capture and carbon storage could reduce the current impact induced globally on climate change by the heavy transport by 77%, while attaining six-fold reductions in biosphere integrity impacts, both relative to conventional biofuels.© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.

The T Tauri star CVSO30, also known as PTFO8-8695, was studied intensively with ground based telescopes as well as with satellites over the last decade. It showed a variable light curve with additional repeating planetary transit-like dips every ~0.8h. However, these dimming events changed in depth and duration since their discovery and from autumn 2018 on, they were not even present or near the predicted observing times. As reason for the detected dips and their changes within the complex light curve, e.g. a disintegrating planet, a circumstellar dust clump, stellar spots, possible multiplicity and orbiting clouds at a Keplerian co-rotating radius were discussed and are still under debate. In this paper, we present additional optical monitoring of CVSO30 with the meter class telescopes of the Young Exoplanet Transit Initiative in Asia and Europe over the last seven years and characterize CVSO30 with the new Early Data Release 3 of the ESA Gaia Mission. As a result, we describe the evolution of the dimming events in the optical wavelength range since 2014 and present explanatory approaches for the observed variabilities. We conclude that orbiting clouds of gas at a Keplerian co-rotating radius are the most promising scenario to explain most changes in CVSO30's light curve., Comment: accepted for publication in MNRAS, 16 pages, 15 figures, 5 tables

We introduce the use of the Fast Multipole Method (FMM) to speed up gravitational lensing ray tracing calculations. The method allows very fast calculation of ray deflections when a large number of deflectors, $N_*$, is involved, while keeping rigorous control on the errors. In particular, we apply this method, in combination with the Inverse Polygon Mapping technique (IPM), to quasar microlensing to generate microlensing magnification maps with very high workloads (high magnification, large size and/or high resolution) that require a very large number of deflectors. Using, FMM-IPM, the computation time can be reduced by a factor $\sim 10^5$ with respect to standard Inverse Ray Shooting, making the use of this algorithm on a personal computer comparable to the use of standard IRS on GPUs. We also provide a flexible web interface for easy calculation of microlensing magnification maps using FMM-IPM\footnote{http://gloton.ugr.es/microlensing/}. We exemplify the power of this new method by applying it to some challenging interesting astrophysical scenarios, including clustered primordial black holes, or extremely magnified stars close to the giant arcs of galaxy clusters. We also show the performance/use of FMM to calculate ray deflection for a halo resulting from cosmological simulations composed by a large number ($N\gtrsim 10^7$) of elements., Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. Accompanying web for microlensing map calculation at https://gloton.ugr.es/microlensing

The T Tauri star CVSO30, also known as PTFO8-8695, was studied intensively with ground based telescopes as well as with satellites over the last decade. It showed a variable light curve with additional repeating planetary transit-like dips every ~0.8h. However, these dimming events changed in depth and duration since their discovery and from autumn 2018 on, they were not even present or near the predicted observing times. As reason for the detected dips and their changes within the complex light curve, e.g. a disintegrating planet, a circumstellar dust clump, stellar spots, possible multiplicity and orbiting clouds at a Keplerian co-rotating radius were discussed and are still under debate. In this paper, we present additional optical monitoring of CVSO30 with the meter class telescopes of the Young Exoplanet Transit Initiative in Asia and Europe over the last seven years and characterize CVSO30 with the new Early Data Release 3 of the ESA Gaia Mission. As a result, we describe the evolution of the dimming events in the optical wavelength range since 2014 and present explanatory approaches for the observed variabilities. We conclude that orbiting clouds of gas at a Keplerian co-rotating radius are the most promising scenario to explain most changes in CVSO30's light curve., Comment: accepted for publication in MNRAS, 16 pages, 15 figures, 5 tables

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is caused by the accumulation of LDL particles in the intima, causing the activation of immune cells and triggering an inflammatory response. LPS is a potent activator of the innate immune response and it can be transported by lipoproteins. Since humans are much more sensitive to LPS than other mammals, and very low amounts of LPS can elicit an immune response, the aim of this study is to characterize the distribution of LPS and its immunogenic portion (3OHFAs) among lipoprotein types of healthy men. We separated lipoprotein fractions by ultracentrifugation and the amount of each 3OHFA was measured by MS in each lipoprotein fraction to calculate LPS concentration. Lipoprotein particle concentration was measured by NMR. LDL and HDL fractions transported the highest concentration of LPS (35.7% and 31.5%, respectively), but VLDL particles carried more LPS molecules per particle (0.55 molecules/particle) than LDL or HDL (p < 0.01). The distribution of LPS and all 3OHFAs among lipoprotein fractions showed high interindividual variability, suggesting that they may be studied as a potential biomarker. This may help understand the role of LPS in atherosclerosis in those cases where the disease cannot be explained by traditional risk factors. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

The study aimed to describe how breathlessness is experienced by patients prior to prehospital care.A qualitative phenomenological design.Lifeworld interviews were conducted with 14 participants. The analysis was carried out within the descriptive phenomenological framework.The essential meaning of the breathlessness phenomenon is described as an existential fear in terms of losing control over one's body and dying, which involves a battle to try to regain control. This is further described by four constituents: being in an unknown body, striving to handle the situation, the ambiguity of having loved ones close and reaching the utmost border.Patients describe a battling for survival. It is at the extreme limit of endurance that patients finally choose to call the emergency number. It is a challenge for the ambulance clinician (AC) to support these patients in the most optimal fashion.© 2022 The Authors. Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Liquid biofuels can facilitate the transition towards a more sustainable transportation sector by curbing carbon emissions while maintaining most of the current vehicle fleet. Today, a myriad of alternatives are available to produce biofuels, where different decisions for the fuel type, blend, conversion process and carbon source will affect the final cost and environmental impact of the product. In this contribution, we analyze the performance of 72 different biofuels routes based on 12 indicators that cover the three sustainability dimensions: economic, environmental and social. The proposed multi-criteria approach combines Data Envelopment Analysis with Life Cycle Assessment to evaluate biofuels from a cradle-to-wheel perspective, that is, considering the production chain spanning from biomass production to the combustion of the biofuel in the engine. Results reveal that there are 35 biofuels routes performing better than the rest, with renewable diesel being a better option than ethanol-based blends or biodiesel, and waste biomass preferred over cellulosic biomass or bio-oils. The selection of the carbon source proofed to be the most important decision, highlighting the need to consider regional aspects related to soil and climate before promoting a certain biofuel. Overall, our results can help to derive effective policies for the adoption of biofuels attaining the best performance at minimum cost and environmental risks. © 2021 The Author(s)

We measure the low-J CO line ratio R21=CO(2-1)/CO(1-0), R32=CO(3-2)/CO(2-1), and R31 = CO(3-2)/CO(1-0) using whole-disk CO maps of nearby galaxies. We draw CO(2-1) from PHANGS--ALMA, HERACLES, and follow-up IRAM surveys; CO(1-0) from COMING and the Nobeyama CO Atlas of Nearby Spiral Galaxies; and CO(3-2) from the JCMT NGLS and APEX LASMA mapping. Altogether this yields 76, 47, and 29 maps of R21, R32, and R31 at 20" \sim 1.3 kpc resolution, covering 43, 34, and 20 galaxies. Disk galaxies with high stellar mass, log10 M_* [Msun]=10.25-11 and star formation rate, SFR=1-5 Msun/yr, dominate the sample. We find galaxy-integrated mean values and 16%-84% range of R21 = 0.65 (0.50-0.83), R32=0.50 (0.23-0.59), and R31=0.31 (0.20-0.42). We identify weak trends relating galaxy-integrated line ratios to properties expected to correlate with excitation, including SFR/M_* and SFR/L_CO. Within galaxies, we measure central enhancements with respect to the galaxy-averaged value of \sim 0.18^{+0.09}_{-0.14} dex for R21, 0.27^{+0.13}_{-0.15} dex for R31, and 0.08^{+0.11}_{-0.09} dex for R32. All three line ratios anti-correlate with galactocentric radius and positively correlate with the local star formation rate surface density and specific star formation rate, and we provide approximate fits to these relations. The observed ratios can be reasonably reproduced by models with low temperature, moderate opacity, and moderate densities, in good agreement with expectations for the cold ISM. Because the line ratios are expected to anti-correlate with the CO(1-0)-to-H_2 conversion factor, alphaCO^(1-0), these results have general implications for the interpretation of CO emission from galaxies., Comment: 34 pages; 12 figures; accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal; data tables available http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~leroy.42/int_corat_tab.ecsv and http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~leroy.42/co_model.ecsv before publication

We measure the low-J CO line ratio R21=CO(2-1)/CO(1-0), R32=CO(3-2)/CO(2-1), and R31 = CO(3-2)/CO(1-0) using whole-disk CO maps of nearby galaxies. We draw CO(2-1) from PHANGS--ALMA, HERACLES, and follow-up IRAM surveys; CO(1-0) from COMING and the Nobeyama CO Atlas of Nearby Spiral Galaxies; and CO(3-2) from the JCMT NGLS and APEX LASMA mapping. Altogether this yields 76, 47, and 29 maps of R21, R32, and R31 at 20" \sim 1.3 kpc resolution, covering 43, 34, and 20 galaxies. Disk galaxies with high stellar mass, log10 M_* [Msun]=10.25-11 and star formation rate, SFR=1-5 Msun/yr, dominate the sample. We find galaxy-integrated mean values and 16%-84% range of R21 = 0.65 (0.50-0.83), R32=0.50 (0.23-0.59), and R31=0.31 (0.20-0.42). We identify weak trends relating galaxy-integrated line ratios to properties expected to correlate with excitation, including SFR/M_* and SFR/L_CO. Within galaxies, we measure central enhancements with respect to the galaxy-averaged value of \sim 0.18^{+0.09}_{-0.14} dex for R21, 0.27^{+0.13}_{-0.15} dex for R31, and 0.08^{+0.11}_{-0.09} dex for R32. All three line ratios anti-correlate with galactocentric radius and positively correlate with the local star formation rate surface density and specific star formation rate, and we provide approximate fits to these relations. The observed ratios can be reasonably reproduced by models with low temperature, moderate opacity, and moderate densities, in good agreement with expectations for the cold ISM. Because the line ratios are expected to anti-correlate with the CO(1-0)-to-H_2 conversion factor, alphaCO^(1-0), these results have general implications for the interpretation of CO emission from galaxies., Comment: 34 pages; 12 figures; accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal; data tables available http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~leroy.42/int_corat_tab.ecsv and http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~leroy.42/co_model.ecsv before publication

Background Evidence-based recommendations do not adequately address the treatment of right heart thrombi in patients who present with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism. Methods This study included patients who had acute pulmonary embolism associated with right heart thrombi and participated in the Registro Informatizado de la Enfermedad TromboEmbólica registry. We assessed the effectiveness of anticoagulation versus reperfusion treatment for the outcomes of all-cause mortality, pulmonary embolism-related mortality, recurrent venous thromboembolism, and major bleeding rates through 30 days after initiation of pulmonary embolism treatment. We used propensity score matching to adjust for the likelihood of receiving reperfusion treatment. Results Of 325 patients with pulmonary embolism and right heart thrombi, 255 (78%; 95% confidence interval, 74-83) received anticoagulation and 70 (22%; 95% confidence interval, 17-26) also received reperfusion treatment. Propensity score-matched pairs analyses did not detect a statistically lower risk of all-cause death (6.2% vs 14%, P = .15) or pulmonary embolism-related mortality (4.7% vs 7.8%; P = .47) for reperfusion compared with anticoagulation. Of the patients who received reperfusion treatment, 6.2% had a recurrence during the study follow-up period, compared with 0% of those who received anticoagulation (P = .049). The incidence of major bleeding events was not statistically different between the 2 treatment groups (3.1% vs 3.1%; P = 1.00). Conclusions In patients with pulmonary embolism and right heart thrombi, no significant difference was found between reperfusion therapy and anticoagulant therapy for mortality and bleeding. The risk of recurrences was significantly higher for reperfusion therapy compared with anticoagulati

Background Evidence-based recommendations do not adequately address the treatment of right heart thrombi in patients who present with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism. Methods This study included patients who had acute pulmonary embolism associated with right heart thrombi and participated in the Registro Informatizado de la Enfermedad TromboEmbólica registry. We assessed the effectiveness of anticoagulation versus reperfusion treatment for the outcomes of all-cause mortality, pulmonary embolism-related mortality, recurrent venous thromboembolism, and major bleeding rates through 30 days after initiation of pulmonary embolism treatment. We used propensity score matching to adjust for the likelihood of receiving reperfusion treatment. Results Of 325 patients with pulmonary embolism and right heart thrombi, 255 (78%; 95% confidence interval, 74-83) received anticoagulation and 70 (22%; 95% confidence interval, 17-26) also received reperfusion treatment. Propensity score-matched pairs analyses did not detect a statistically lower risk of all-cause death (6.2% vs 14%, P = .15) or pulmonary embolism-related mortality (4.7% vs 7.8%; P = .47) for reperfusion compared with anticoagulation. Of the patients who received reperfusion treatment, 6.2% had a recurrence during the study follow-up period, compared with 0% of those who received anticoagulation (P = .049). The incidence of major bleeding events was not statistically different between the 2 treatment groups (3.1% vs 3.1%; P = 1.00). Conclusions In patients with pulmonary embolism and right heart thrombi, no significant difference was found between reperfusion therapy and anticoagulant therapy for mortality and bleeding. The risk of recurrences was significantly higher for reperfusion therapy compared with anticoagulati

© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. Moving towards a more sustainable energy system is a major goal of modern societies that aim to minimize the dependence on fossil fuels and the associated anthropogenic impacts. In this article, the combined use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is applied to analyse the environmental performance (eco-efficiency) of the electricity mix of the top European economies. This approach allows identifying environmentally efficient and inefficient countries considering as undesirable inputs several environmental impacts associated with the production of 1 kWh (regarded as output). The method provides as well targets for the inefficient countries that (if attained) would make them efficient. Our results provide valuable insight for governments and policy makers that aim to satisfy the electricity demand while minimizing the associated environmental impact.

10.1149/06601.0163ecst http://ecst.ecsdl.org/content/66/1/163.abstract Filiació URV: SI, Porous GaN based LEDs produced by corrosion etching techniques have demonstrated enhanced light extraction efficiencies in th epast. However, these fabrication techniques require further postgrowth processing steps, which increase the price of the final device. In this paper, we review the process we developed for the formation of fully porous GaN p-n junctions directly during growth, using a sequential chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process to produce the different layers that form the p-n junction.

10.1149/06601.0163ecst http://ecst.ecsdl.org/content/66/1/163.abstract Filiació URV: SI, Porous GaN based LEDs produced by corrosion etching techniques have demonstrated enhanced light extraction efficiencies in th epast. However, these fabrication techniques require further postgrowth processing steps, which increase the price of the final device. In this paper, we review the process we developed for the formation of fully porous GaN p-n junctions directly during growth, using a sequential chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process to produce the different layers that form the p-n junction.

Son varios los algoritmos de divisores propuestos para su realización en hardware, sin que haya un ‘mejor divisor’. La búsqueda de un diseño óptimo para cada aplicación específica hace que sea indispensable la investigación de los algoritmos existentes a medida que se produce el avance de la tecnología. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la caracterización en área, tiempo y consumo de potencia de varias implementaciones de divisores en tecnologías CMOS nanométricas de 90 y 65 nm. Para la implementación se ha utilizado un flujo de diseño ASIC semicustom con elección entre tres voltajes umbrales.

Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1524353%5DMICH-V-1524353, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1524353/MICH-V-1524353/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

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Angiosperms, http://name.umdl.umich.edu/IC-HERB00IC-X-1524352%5DMICH-V-1524352, https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/i/image/api/thumb/herb00ic/1524352/MICH-V-1524352/!250,250, The University of Michigan Library provides access to these materials for educational and research purposes. Some materials may be protected by copyright. If you decide to use any of these materials, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. If you have questions about the collection, please contact the Herbarium professional staff: herb-dlps-help@umich.edu. If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact Library Information Technology: libraryit-info@umich.edu., https://www.lib.umich.edu/about-us/policies/copyright-policy

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"España se ubica, desde hace mucho tiempo, entre los primeros destinos mundiales para el turismo. Frente a la tradicional idea de sol y playa asociada a nuestro país, en la actualidad nos enfrentamos a un turista activo que busca ocupar con actividades su tiempo libre. El turismo deportivo se ha convertido en un recurso fundamental para satisfacer esta necesidad y constituye un nuevo campo profesional lleno de oportunidades y posibilidades creativas de desarrollo.Este libro se dirige a todos aquellos profesionales del deporte y del turismo que estén interesados en la gestión y planificación del turismo deportivo en sus diferentes manifestaciones (golf, náutica, nieve, eventos, turismo activo, turismo de naturaleza, etc.). En él se ofrecen numerosas ideas y recursos prácticos para trabajar en este sector y se cubre la carencia bibliográfica específica sobre el tema.Pedro J. Jiménez Martín es profesor de Deporte y Turismo, y Turismo Activo y Turismo Rural en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-INEF de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid."

Desde su primera aparición, fieles al propósito de ofrecer un instrumento auxiliar para el estudio de un curso básico de Derecho Mercantil, estas Lecciones exponen los contenidos esenciales de la materia contemplada con concisión en su desarrollo, rigor en su exposición y actualidad en su contenido. Esta 24.ª edición recoge los cambios normativos producidos hasta su cierre. Naturalmente también se reflejan en el tratamiento de los diferentes temas las más recientes orientaciones jurisprudenciales y doctrinales que afectan a la materia mercantil. El carácter sintético y esencialmente docente de la obra no excluye su interés en el mundo profesional. La precisión y la claridad de su contenido, así como la deliberada ausencia en sus páginas de aparato bibliográfico o innecesaria erudición, permiten ofrecer una visión esencial y funcional de las coordenadas fundamentales del régimen jurídico del moderno tráfico empresarial que puede resultar de gran utilidad para sus protagonistas. El carácter elemental impuesto por la naturaleza y los fines de esta obra no excluye, sino que más bien exige, la visión global, actual y viva del Derecho Mercantil. Enseñar es mostrar la realidad del Derecho vigente, con propósitos a la vez formativos e informativos, para educar e instruir en el conocimiento de las normas y de la vida social a la que van destinadas. Y este objetivo está siempre presente en la concepción global de las Lecciones y en el desarrollo de cada una de ellas. Desde su primera aparición, fieles al propósito de ofrecer un instrumento auxiliar para el estudio de un curso básico de Derecho Mercantil, estas Lecciones exponen los contenidos esenciales de la materia contemplada con concisión en su desarrollo, rigor en su exposición y actualidad en su contenido. Esta 24.ª edición recoge los cambios normativos producidos hasta su cierre. Naturalmente también se reflejan en el tratamiento de los diferentes temas las más recientes orientaciones jurisprudenciales y doctrinales qu

Desde su primera aparición, fieles al propósito de ofrecer un instrumento auxiliar para el estudio de un curso básico de Derecho Mercantil, estas Lecciones exponen los contenidos esenciales de la materia contemplada con concisión en su desarrollo, rigor en su exposición y actualidad en su contenido. Esta 25.ª edición recoge los cambios normativos producidos hasta su cierre en septiembre de 2022. Entre ellos merecen mención especial los derivados de la promulgación de las Leyes 16/2022 de 5 de septiembre, de reforma del Texto Refundido de la Ley Concursal y 18/2022, de 28 de septiembre, de creación y crecimiento de empresas, ambas con fuerte impacto en diversos sectores de la materia mercantil. Debe destacarse, a este respecto, la atención prestada a las modificaciones sufridas por nuestra legislación concursal, que han obligado a un profundo replanteamiento de la exposición de la materia. Naturalmente, las más recientes orientaciones jurisprudenciales y doctrinales que afectan a la materia mercantil encuentran también reflejo en el tratamiento de los diferentes temas. El carácter sintético y esencialmente docente de la obra no excluye su interés en el mundo profesional. La precisión y la claridad de su contenido, así como la deliberada ausencia en sus páginas de aparato bibliográfico o innecesaria erudición, permiten ofrecer una visión esencial y funcional de las coordenadas fundamentales del régimen jurídico del moderno tráfico empresarial que puede resultar de gran utilidad para sus protagonistas. El carácter elemental impuesto por la naturaleza y los fines de esta obra no excluye, sino que más bien exige, la visión global, actual y viva del Derecho Mercantil. Enseñar es mostrar la realidad del Derecho vigente, con propósitos a la vez formativos e informativos, para educar e instruir en el conocimiento de las normas y de la vida social a la que van destinadas.

Desde su primera aparición, fieles al propósito de ofrecer un instrumento auxiliar para el estudio de un curso básico de Derecho Mercantil, estas Lecciones exponen los contenidos esenciales de la materia contemplada con concisión en su desarrollo, rigor en su exposición y actualidad en su contenido. Esta 25.ª edición recoge los cambios normativos producidos hasta su cierre en septiembre de 2022. Entre ellos merecen mención especial los derivados de la promulgación de las Leyes 16/2022 de 5 de septiembre, de reforma del Texto Refundido de la Ley Concursal y 18/2022, de 28 de septiembre, de creación y crecimiento de empresas, ambas con fuerte impacto en diversos sectores de la materia mercantil. Debe destacarse, a este respecto, la atención prestada a las modificaciones sufridas por nuestra legislación concursal, que han obligado a un profundo replanteamiento de la exposición de la materia. Naturalmente, las más recientes orientaciones jurisprudenciales y doctrinales que afectan a la materia mercantil encuentran también reflejo en el tratamiento de los diferentes temas. El carácter sintético y esencialmente docente de la obra no excluye su interés en el mundo profesional. La precisión y la claridad de su contenido, así como la deliberada ausencia en sus páginas de aparato bibliográfico o innecesaria erudición, permiten ofrecer una visión esencial y funcional de las coordenadas fundamentales del régimen jurídico del moderno tráfico empresarial que puede resultar de gran utilidad para sus protagonistas. El carácter elemental impuesto por la naturaleza y los fines de esta obra no excluye, sino que más bien exige, la visión global, actual y viva del Derecho Mercantil. Enseñar es mostrar la realidad del Derecho vigente, con propósitos a la vez formativos e informativos, para educar e instruir en el conocimiento de las normas y de la vida social a la que van destinadas.

We present high-resolution surface Brillouin scattering measurements on cubic GaN layers grown on GaAs substrate. By using a suitable scattering geometry, scattering by surface acoustic waves is recorded for different azimuthal angles, and the surface acoustic wave velocities are determined. A comparison of experimental results with numerical simulations of the azimuthal dependence of the surface wave velocity shows good agreement and allows a consistent set of elastic constants for c-GaN to be determined.

We present high-resolution surface Brillouin scattering measurements on cubic GaN layers grown on GaAs substrate. By using a suitable scattering geometry, scattering by surface acoustic waves is recorded for different azimuthal angles, and the surface acoustic wave velocities are determined. A comparison of experimental results with numerical simulations of the azimuthal dependence of the surface wave velocity shows good agreement and allows a consistent set of elastic constants for c-GaN to be determined.

We present high-resolution surface Brillouin scattering measurements on cubic GaN layers grown on GaAs substrate. By using a suitable scattering geometry, scattering by surface acoustic waves is recorded for different azimuthal angles, and the surface acoustic wave velocities are determined. A comparison of experimental results with numerical simulations of the azimuthal dependence of the surface wave velocity shows good agreement and allows a consistent set of elastic constants for c-GaN to be determined.

We present high-resolution surface Brillouin scattering measurements on cubic GaN layers grown on GaAs substrate. By using a suitable scattering geometry, scattering by surface acoustic waves is recorded for different azimuthal angles, and the surface acoustic wave velocities are determined. A comparison of experimental results with numerical simulations of the azimuthal dependence of the surface wave velocity shows good agreement and allows a consistent set of elastic constants for c-GaN to be determined.