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The aim of ventilation on demand (VOD) is to achieve the optimum volume flow control at the lowest operating cost based on the minimum volume flow requirement in the areas concerned. The ultimate objective is to control the district fans in accordance with the actual deployment time of the workforce and mobile machines, and in line with the fume dispersal period. All the main fan-control functions, diagnosis options, and status modes should be read and modified either directly at the fan unit or via a user interface built into the mine process control system. Calculations are discussed of the optimal requirements for a power consumption scenario in an underground workplace with an assumed volumetric air flow of 176 m3/s at a total pressure of 2.530 Pa. Brief details are presented of VOD systems currently in operation at the Malmberget and Kristineberg mines in Sweden, and the Colman and Creighton mines in Canada. Recognised VOD systems have so far only been developed for mines in steep formations, such as sub-level stope workings with caving, and would not be suitable for room and pillar workings in level seams., The aim of ventilation on demand (VOD) is to achieve the optimum volume flow control at the lowest operating cost based on the minimum volume flow requirement in the areas concerned. The ultimate objective is to control the district fans in accordance with the actual deployment time of the workforce and mobile machines, and in line with the fume dispersal period. All the main fan-control functions, diagnosis options, and status modes should be read and modified either directly at the fan unit or via a user interface built into the mine process control system. Calculations are discussed of the optimal requirements for a power consumption scenario in an underground workplace with an assumed volumetric air flow of 176 m3/s at a total pressure of 2.530 Pa. Brief details are presented of VOD systems currently in operation at the Malmberget and Kristineberg mines in Sweden, and the Colman and Creighton mines in Canada. Recognised VOD systems have so far only been developed for mines in steep formations, such as sub-level stope workings with caving, and would not be suitable for room and pillar workings in level seams.

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Item does not contain fulltext, We are reporting the reliablity, validity, and factor structure of three instruments designed to measure fear of spiders. The Spider Phobia Questionnaire (,,Spinnenphobie-Fragebogen", SPF) And the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (,,Fragebogen zur Angst vor Spinnen", FAS) are translations of English questionnaires The Fear of Spiders Screening (,,Spinnenangst-Screening", SAS) is a new four-item questionnaire designed for efficient screenings of large samples. The three instruments showed good to very good reliability, as measured by internal consistency and retest reliability. Construct validity and criterion-oriented validity were very good as well. We make suggestions for specific uses of the two questionnaires and the screening.

Item does not contain fulltext, We are reporting the reliablity, validity, and factor structure of three instruments designed to measure fear of spiders. The Spider Phobia Questionnaire (,,Spinnenphobie-Fragebogen", SPF) And the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (,,Fragebogen zur Angst vor Spinnen", FAS) are translations of English questionnaires The Fear of Spiders Screening (,,Spinnenangst-Screening", SAS) is a new four-item questionnaire designed for efficient screenings of large samples. The three instruments showed good to very good reliability, as measured by internal consistency and retest reliability. Construct validity and criterion-oriented validity were very good as well. We make suggestions for specific uses of the two questionnaires and the screening.

Item does not contain fulltext, We are reporting the reliablity, validity, and factor structure of three instruments designed to measure fear of spiders. The Spider Phobia Questionnaire (,,Spinnenphobie-Fragebogen", SPF) And the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (,,Fragebogen zur Angst vor Spinnen", FAS) are translations of English questionnaires The Fear of Spiders Screening (,,Spinnenangst-Screening", SAS) is a new four-item questionnaire designed for efficient screenings of large samples. The three instruments showed good to very good reliability, as measured by internal consistency and retest reliability. Construct validity and criterion-oriented validity were very good as well. We make suggestions for specific uses of the two questionnaires and the screening.

Includes bibliographical references.

Engineering for mining is a multi-stage process where frameworks are determined by nature but are not always known, and can change as mining proceeds. The engineering process must provide technical solutions which can cover a spectrum of possibly insufficiently determined framework conditions. Close interaction is necessary between mineral deposit information and mine engineering. In Germany specialist engineering starts with a conceptual design, fixing of further aspects with basic design and approval planning, and undertaking detailed engineering for the individual sections of the project. In the potash and rock salt industry there is a shift of engineering objectives towards ecological and sustainability aspects, including the need to modify engineering objectives with regard to recycling and disposal of solid and liquid mining and processing residues., Engineering for mining is a multi-stage process where frameworks are determined by nature but are not always known, and can change as mining proceeds. The engineering process must provide technical solutions which can cover a spectrum of possibly insufficiently determined framework conditions. Close interaction is necessary between mineral deposit information and mine engineering. In Germany specialist engineering starts with a conceptual design, fixing of further aspects with basic design and approval planning, and undertaking detailed engineering for the individual sections of the project. In the potash and rock salt industry there is a shift of engineering objectives towards ecological and sustainability aspects, including the need to modify engineering objectives with regard to recycling and disposal of solid and liquid mining and processing residues.