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1. Long-term outcome from mild traumatic brain injury, and the potential neurophysiological underpinnings for persistent post-concussion syndrome

Author

Dean, Philip J.

Subjects
150
Abstract

The aim of the research presented is to gain a better understanding of the processes underlying the persistent report of somatic, cognitive and affective symptoms (known as post-concussion syndrome, PCS) after a mild brain injury (mTBI), and to elucidate whether there are any replicable biological factors contributing towards this syndrome. The results demonstrate that although PCS-like symptoms are present to a similar degree in the non-head injured population, individuals with mTBI and persistent PCS have significantly worse working memory, attention and information processing speed performance. Individuals who suffer an MTBI but do not report continued PCS perform these cognitive tasks to the same level as non-head injured controls. Following on from this, the research presented evidence that individuals with greater PCS severity had greater white matter damage, and greater attention related activity during cognitive tasks. Metabolic differences were also observed in the prefrontal cortex of individuals with mTBI, with a reduction in creatine suggesting some residual energy impairment in chronic mTBI. Combining the structural, metabolic and functional MRI data, we suggested that the increased attentional regulation observed during cognitive tasks may be compensating for reduced working memory capacity and a variation in white matter transmission caused by the structural and metabolic changes after injury. This compensation may in turn underlie some PCS symptoms such as fatigue, headache and insomnia. Therefore, the research as a whole suggests that there may be a neurophysiological basis for persistent PCS.

Published
2015

2. The role of glutamate in rotator cuff tendinopathy : glutamate in rotator cuff tendinopathy

Author

Dean, Benjamin J. F., Carr, Andrew J., and Kassim, Javaid

Subjects
617, Orthopaedics, Pathology, Rheumotology, Physiology, rotator cuff, tendinopathy, tendon, glutamate, pain, shoulder
Abstract

Thesis questions: • Is the glutaminergic system altered in rotator cuff tendinopathy? • Is the glutaminergic system altered by common treatments? • Are glutaminergic changes related to pain symptoms? • What are the effects of glutamate and glutamate receptor modulation on tendon derived cells? Summary answers: • The glutaminergic system is altered in rotator cuff tendinopathy • Changes within this system are seen after common treatments • Specific glutaminergic changes are associated with the resolution of pain following shoulder surgery but do not predict the severity of pain symptoms • Glutamate has significant effects on tendon derived cells. What is known: It is known that extracellular glutamate concentrations are increased in both Achilles and patellar tendinopathy. It has also been previously shown that the glutamate receptors NMDAR1 and mGluR5 are upregulated in patellar tendinopathy. What this thesis adds: This thesis has shown for the first time that glutamate and NMDAR1 are increased in rotator cuff tendinopathy. Increases in cell proliferation, vascularity and HIF1α are seen after surgical rotator cuff repair and these features are not seen after glucocorticoid injection. There are significant differences between painful and pain-free rotator cuff tendons in terms of glutamate receptor expression (KA1, mGluR7 and mGluR2) and inflammatory cell numbers (CD45 and CD206). Exposure to 1.875mM glutamate for 72 hours results in reduced cell viability, decreased collagen (COL1A1 and COL3A1) and increased aggrecan gene expression; NMDAR antagonism with MK-801 attenuates the deleterious effect on cell viability but had no effect on the changes in matrix gene expression. Bias, confounding and other reasons for caution: The observational histological work was limited by the control tissue. Some control tissue was not age matched, while some of the pain-free control tendons were post-surgical intervention. Confounding factors include tendon structure, length of symptoms and previous treatments. Caution must be applied when discussing the in vivo implications of the in vitro work.

Published
2015

3. An investigation in to the role of fatty acid binding protein-7, insulin like growth factor binding protein-2 and phosphatase and tensin homolog in triple negative breast cancer, in vitro and in vivo

Author

Dean, Sarah J. R.

Subjects
616.99, fatty acid, protein-7, insulin, protein-2, phosphatase, triple negative, breast cancer
Abstract

Introduction Triple negative breast cancers are defined by their lack of expression of HER, oestrogen receptors and progesterone receptors. They account for around 10-24% of cases. To define a cancer by the biomarkers it does not express is unsatisfactory. Triple negative breast cancer has been linked to aspects of metabolism and metabolic disorders such as diabetes. There are several biomarkers that are of interest and overlap in both their roles in breast cancer and in aspects of metabolism. Fatty acid binding protein 7 (FABP7) is one of 9 FABPs that is involved in the transport, solubilisation and regulation of metabolism of various fatty acids. Expression profiling and immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies have identified FABP7 to be over-expressed in a subtype of breast cancer that can be considered almost synonymous with triple negative breast cancer; basal-like breast cancer, so called because it expresses cytokeratins that are characteristic of basal epithelial cells. The role of FABP7 in breast cancer is not fully understood and studies have given conflicting results in regards to the relation to prognosis. Evidence suggests that FABP7 can be regulated by methylation acetylation and exposure to fatty acids. Insulin like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) is a member of the IGF-axis that is responsible for altering cell growth and metabolism. IGFBP-2 has been found to be over-expressed in many cancers including those of the prostate and breast. Phosphotensin homolog (PTEN) is a tumour suppressor gene that is responsible for dephosphorylating PIP3 to inhibit the Akt pathway and thus inhibit cell growth and promote apoptosis. IGFBP-2 has IGF independent actions; it can down-regulate PTEN through binding of an integrin receptor and therefore have mitogenic and anti-apoptotic effects. Aims To study the expression of the metabolic biomarkers FABP7, IGFBP-2 and PTEN in clinical cases of Malaysian TN breast cancer. To use appropriate cell lines in order to more fully understand whether epigenetic mechanisms and FAs regulate FABP7 expression. To over-express FABP7 in a breast cancer cell lines and to further understand the role of FABP7 in breast cancer. Methods IHC was used to assess FABP7, PTEN and IGFBP-2 expression in a cohort of triple negative breast cancer cases. FAs, a demethylation agent-AZA and a histone deacetylase inhibitor-TSA were used to investigate what regulated FABP7 in cell lines. Over-expression experiments were used to understand the effect of FABP7 in breast cancer cell lines. Results FABP7 expression in patient samples was associated with lower grade, basal-like phenotype, FAS expression and although not significant, improved patient survival. Treatment of BT-20 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines with AZA and TSA resulted in increases in FABP7 mRNA expression. Fatty acid treatment led to changes in FABP7 mRNA expression. Combinations of AZA and fatty acids gave large increases in FABP7 mRNA expression. Over-expression of FABP7 in BT-20 cells resulted in increased cell viability and although not significant changes in expression of survivin, caspase 9 and their splice variants. IGFBP-2 expression was associated with poor patient survival though this was not significant. PTEN loss was a frequent event in the cohort of triple negative breast cancer cases; 48.3% of cases had PTEN loss. PTEN loss was associated with poor patient survival though this was not significant. PTEN loss was associated with expression of IGFBP-2. Discussion & Conclusions FABP7 is likely to play a role in patient survival as demonstrated in the patient samples. FABP7 over-expressing BT-20 cells tended to have increased survivin FL and ΔEX3 expression. Both increased mitochondrial activity and survivin expression have been found to be associated with improved prognosis in breast cancer and this may explain some mechanisms by which FABP7 results in better prognosis in the TN breast cancer cases in this study. Since FABP7 mRNA expression was not increased to fold changes comparable to oestrogen receptor re-expression after AZA and TSA treatment, it is unlikely that the FABP7 gene is methylated or regulated by acetylation. It is possible that there are genes upstream of FABP7 such as transcription factors that are regulated my methylation and acetylation and therefore impact on FABP7 expression after treatment with AZA and TSA. This is the first study that demonstrates the significant relationship between IGFBP-2 expression and PTEN loss in patient samples. PTEN loss is a frequent event in TN breast cancer. IGFBP-2 and PTEN loss may be useful markers of prognosis in TN breast cancer.

Published
2014

4. Exploring the healthcare experiences and quality of life of people with mild cognitive impairment and their caregivers

Author

Dean, K. J.

Subjects
362.1968
Abstract

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a common condition which lies between normal cognition and dementia. Relatively little is known about the experiences of people with MCI (PWMCI) and their caregivers (‘advocates’), particularly regarding healthcare services. No measures developed specifically to evaluate health related quality of life in PWMCI or their advocates exist. Therefore the aim of this work was to gather information about these groups’ experiences of living with MCI, with particular reference to their contact with healthcare services, to use this information to develop a patient reported outcome measure (PROM) for PWMCI and equivalent measure for advocates and to suggest improvements to healthcare services in light of the findings. Initial, in-depth information was gathered during semi-structured interviews with 23 PWMCI and 20 linked advocates, the resulting data was analysed using grounded theory methods. Commonly recurring and salient themes from analysis of the interview data were used as a basis for initial drafts of the outcome measures and patient and advocate surveys regarding healthcare experiences. The outcome measures and healthcare surveys were combined into two questionnaires (one for PWMCI and one for advocates). These initial drafts were discussed with a focus group and refined in light of their feedback, the resulting questionnaires were administered (by post) to 280 PWMCI (recruited from research databases and memory clinics) and their linked advocates. The response rate was 54% for PWMCI and 36% for advocates. Data from the outcome measure section of the questionnaire was analysed using factor analysis producing a measure for PWMCI (the MCQ) and one for advocates (the MCQ-Carer); both had good psychometric properties. Descriptive analysis of the healthcare experiences survey data revealed that both the PWMCI and advocates reported a range of unmet needs for help, support and information related to MCI; appropriate suggested improvements to healthcare services are made.

Published
2013

5. The structure and dynamics of fundamental glasses by neutron scattering techniques

Author

Whittaker, Dean A. J. and Salmon, Philip

Subjects
620.1, vibrational dynamics, neutron scattering
Abstract

The method of isotope substitution in neutron spectroscopy is introduced to measure for the rst time the partial vibrational density of states of two network glass forming systems, namely GeSe2 at temperatures of 5, 20 and 292 K and GeO2 at a temperature of 10 K. This work included the development of a new data analysis procedure involving corrections for e.g. beam attenuation, multiple scattering and multiple phonon scattering. The measurements were made using the MARI and MERLIN spectrometers at the ISIS pulsed neutron source where measurements of the elastic lines were used to help deduce the mean squared atomic displacements and Debye-Waller factors. In the case of GeSe2, the latter were found as a function of temperature between 10 and 280 K. The results for GeSe2 glass at temperatures of 5, 20, and 292 K were found to be in good agreement, proving the ecacy of the data correction procedure. For both GeSe2 and GeO2, the results were interpreted with the aid of molecular dynamics simulations to identify the energies corresponding to rocking, bending and stretching motions. The method of in situ high pressure neutron diraction was developed using double toroid sintered diamond anvils in a Paris-Edinburgh press to measure, for the rst time, reliable diraction patterns for GeO2, SiO2 and B2O3 glasses at pressures up to 17.5 GPa. The total pair distribution functions were obtained, allowing the nearest neighbour Ge-O, Si-O or B-O coordination numbers and bond distances to be calculated. The glass networks collapse by two principal mechanisms. The rst mechanism, at lower pressures, involves a rearrangement of the structural motifs on an intermediate range length scale. The second mechanism, above thresholds in pressure of 5, 20 and 9 GPa for GeO2, SiO2 and B2O3, respectively, involves a change in the nature of the structural motifs.

Published
2012

6. Biogeochemistry of metals in fish farm sediments

Author

Dean, Rebecca J., Black, Kenny, and Shimmield, Tracy

Subjects
577.714
Abstract

Salmon farming is a major industry in many Scottish sea lochs. Although the impact of salmon farming and pathways of several farm wastes have been studied extensively, there has been little research into the fate of metals originating from fish farms. This thesis investigates the influence of salmon farming on sediment biogeochemical conditions, with particular reference to the cycling, interactions, and effects of metals in farm sediments of Scottish sea lochs. Scottish sea lochs are fjordic systems, and have a defined set of physical processes occurring within them that depend on topographical characteristics of the sea loch and the influence of external forces. The most common definition of a fjord, also know as a sea loch, is “a deep, high-latitude estuary which has been (or is presently being) excavated or modified by landbased ice” (Syvitski et al. 1987). The established opinion of their origin is that fluvial action along fault lines allowed subsequent glaciers to follow this path of least resistance, leading to major excavation (Skei et al. 2003). Fjords are found in all northern and southern regions of the earth that were once ice-covered, but this review will focus on the sea loch (fjordic) systems of western Scotland.

Published
2005

7. Settler physics in Australia and Cambridge 1850-1950

Author

Dean, K. J.

Subjects
509
Abstract

This thesis examines the circulation of physics between Australia and Cambridge from 1850 to 1950, arguing that scientific knowledge was produced through this very process of circulation. Four aspects of the circulation of knowledge are investigated; technology, scientific roles, public science and scientific discovery. The thesis begins with a discussion of telegraphy as a technology of settlement in relation to the Overland Telegraph between Adelaide and Darwin, completed under Charles Todd’s leadership in 1872. This offers a new perspective on telegraphy and Empire: the cross-cultural context of the Overland Telegraph suggests how central Australia was colonised through accumulation and exchange of knowledge and how the limit of telegraphic coordination were reached. New attempt at coordination through the development of electrical technology and theory are then discussed in the case of the rural hermitage of Tasmanian mathematical physicist, Alexander McAulay. The concept of technological settlement is extended to the discussion of early twentieth century hydroelectrification that created naturalistic landscapes while transforming land use. This created overlapping spaces for physics that encapsulated competing environmental and industrial values. From this hermetic landscape McAulay challenged Cambridge mathematical physics to adopt his preferred form of vector calculus, quaternions, previously rejected during his undergraduate years in Cambridge in the early 1880s. Imperial circulation created new spaces for the acceptance of new knowledge. The travels of the New South Wales experimental physicist, Richard Threlfall, shaped a new identity for experimental physics in Australia and prepared Cambridge physics for the reception of this persona. Between 1884 and 1897 Cambridge seemed transiently bereft of personnel who were able convincingly to perform the new physics that head of the Cavendish Physical Laboratory, JJ Thomson, tried to make routine. Threlfall combined the requisite performances in chemistry and physics, demonstration and measurement, into a professional framework. He Anglicized German research models for a New South Wales audience and conducted institutional development to this end when Australasia was becoming pivotal to projects in imperial defence and to Cambridge science. The institutionalisation of Australasian career models in Cambridge physics is then discussed through the careers of Ernest Rutherford and Thomas Laby. Adept in the crossing of boundaries, the pair contributed to the reform of Cambridge physics through their definition of heroic and routine career models emulated throughout the Empire. These models were deployed to realise Thomson’s experimental program.

Published
2004

8. CIRPASS : the Cambridge Infrared Panoramic Survey Spectrograph

Author

Dean, A. J.

Subjects
520
Abstract

The Cambridge Infrared Panoramic Survey Spectrograph, CIRPASS, is an infrared spectrograph that operates in the 0.9 to 1.8 mm wavelength region. CIRPASS was developed entirely at the Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, and the design, construction and performance of CIRPASS are presented in this thesis. CIRPASS provides integral field spectroscopy (IFS). Spectra are simultaneously obtained from 499 contiguous spatial elements in a two-dimensional area of sky using an integral field unit (IFU). The construction of the IFU, which used a lenslet array and fibre optic bundle, is presented, as well as a review of IFS techniques. The sensitivity of CIRPASS has been maximised by ensuring the background signal detected by the instrument is reduced to an absolute minimum. CIRPASS has the capability to remove, both in hardware and software, the dominant infrared sky background from OH emission in the upper atmosphere. The advantages that this offers, and the benefits of both suppression techniques are presented. The thermal background of CIRPASS was reduced by cooling the entire spectrograph to -40°C. The instrument was cooled using a conventional industrial refrigeration system and resulted in significant improvements to the instrument's performance. The characteristics of the HAWAII infrared detector array used were measured, to determine their impact on the instrument's sensitivity, and found to be within specification. Software was written to reduce CIRPASS data that is applicable to any IFS instrument producing data in the Euro 3D format. A data reduction pipeline, that can be used for rapid data reduction at the telescope and for more detailed analysis afterwards, was implemented. The pipeline implementation and the techniques adopted for reducing closely packed spectral data on an infrared detector are discussed. The performance of CIRPASS was quantified by observing the Cambridge night sky with CIRPASS attached to a small telescope. The results provide an accurate measure of the instrument's performance on a larger telescope and are detailed. The expected limiting magnitudes for 3 hour observations of a point source, on an 8 m telescope, resulting in a signal-to-noise ratio of 5 are J=21.3 and H=19.3. The equivalent limiting line fluxes are J=4.4x10-18 ergs/s/cm2 and H=9.0x10-8 ergs/s/cm2.

Published
2003

9. Interlaboratory evaluation of multiple LC-MS/MS methods and a commercial ELISA method for determination of tetrodotoxin in oysters and mussels

Author

Turner, Andrew D, Dean, Karl J, Dhanji-rapkova, Monika, Dall’ara, Sonia, Pino, Florella, Mcvey, Claire, Haughey, Simon, Logan, Natasha, Elliott, Christopher, Gago-martinez, Ana, Leao, Jose Manuel, Giraldez, Jorge, Gibbs, Ryan, Thomas, Krista, Perez-calderon, Ruth, Faulkner, Dermot, Mceneny, Hugh, Savar, Veronique, Reveillon, Damien, Hess, Philipp, Arevalo, Fabiola, Lamas, J Pablo, Cagide, Eva, Alvarez, Mercedes, Antelo, Alvaro, Klijnstra, Mirjam D, Oplatowska-stachowiak, Michalina, Kleintjens, Tim, Sajic, Nermin, Boundy, Michael J, Maskrey, Benjamin H, Harwood, D Tim, Jartín, Jesús M González, Alfonso, Amparo, Botana, Luis, Turner, Andrew D, Dean, Karl J, Dhanji-rapkova, Monika, Dall’ara, Sonia, Pino, Florella, Mcvey, Claire, Haughey, Simon, Logan, Natasha, Elliott, Christopher, Gago-martinez, Ana, Leao, Jose Manuel, Giraldez, Jorge, Gibbs, Ryan, Thomas, Krista, Perez-calderon, Ruth, Faulkner, Dermot, Mceneny, Hugh, Savar, Veronique, Reveillon, Damien, Hess, Philipp, Arevalo, Fabiola, Lamas, J Pablo, Cagide, Eva, Alvarez, Mercedes, Antelo, Alvaro, Klijnstra, Mirjam D, Oplatowska-stachowiak, Michalina, Kleintjens, Tim, Sajic, Nermin, Boundy, Michael J, Maskrey, Benjamin H, Harwood, D Tim, Jartín, Jesús M González, Alfonso, Amparo, and Botana, Luis

Abstract

Background Given the recent detection of TTX in bivalve molluscs but the absence of a full collaborative validation study for TTX determination in a large number of shellfish samples, interlaboratory assessment of method performance was required to better understand current capabilities for accurate and reproducible TTX quantitation using chemical and immunoassay methods. Objective The aim was to conduct a collaborative study with multiple laboratories, using results to assess method performance and acceptability of different TTX testing methods Methods Homogenous and stable mussel and oyster materials were assessed by participants using a range of published and in-house detection methods to determine mean TTX concentrations. Data was used to calculate recoveries, repeatability and reproducibility, together with participant acceptability z-scores. Results Method performance characteristics were good, showing excellent sensitivity, recovery and repeatability. Acceptable reproducibility was evidenced by HorRat values for all LC-MS/MS and ELISA methods being less than the 2.0 limit of acceptability. Method differences between the LC-MS/MS participants did not result in statistically-different results. Method performance characteristics compared well with previously-published single-laboratory validated methods and no statistical difference was found in results returned by ELISA in comparison with LC-MS/MS. Conclusions The results from this study demonstrate that current LC-MS/MS methods and the ELISA are on the whole capable of sensitive, accurate and reproducible TTX quantitation in shellfish. Further work is recommended to expand the number of laboratories testing ELISA and to standardise an LC-MS/MS protocol to further improve interlaboratory precision. Highlights Multiple mass spectrometric methods and a commercial ELISA have been successfully assessed through collaborative study, demonstrating excellent performance.

Published
2023
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10. Strong Interaction Physics at the Luminosity Frontier with 22 GeV Electrons at Jefferson Lab

Author

Accardi, A., Achenbach, P., Adhikari, D., Afanasev, A., Akondi, C. S., Akopov, N., Albaladejo, M., Albataineh, H., Albrecht, M., Almeida-Zamora, B., Amaryan, M., Androić, D., Armstrong, W., Armstrong, D. S., Arratia, M., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Avagyan, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bacchetta, A., Balantekin, A. B., Baltzell, N., Barion, L., Barry, P. C., Bashir, A., Battaglieri, M., Bellini, V., Belov, I., Benhar, O., Benkel, B., Benmokhtar, F, Bentz, W., Bertone, V., Bhatt, H., Bianconi, A., Bibrzycki, L., Bijker, R., Binosi, D., Biswas, D., Boër, M., Boeglin, W., Bogacz, S. A., Boglione, M., Bondí, M., Boos, E. E., Bosted, P., Bozzi, G., Brash, E. J., Briceño, R. A., Brindza, P. D., Briscoe, W. J., Brodsky, S. J, Brooks, W. K., Burkert, V. D., Camsonne, A., Cao, T., Cardman, L. S., Carman, D. S., Carpinelli, M, Cates, G. D., Caylor, J., Celentano, A., Celiberto, F. G., Cerutti, M., Chang, Lei, Chatagnon, P., Chen, C., Chen, J-P, Chetry, T., Christopher, A., Christy, E., Chudakov, E., Cisbani, E., Cloët, I. C., Cobos-Martinez, J. J., Cohen, E. O., Colangelo, P., Cole, P. L., Constantinou, M., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., Cosyn, W., Cotton, C., Courtoy, A., Dusa, S. Covrig, Crede, V., Cui, Z. -F., D'Angelo, A., Döring, M., Dalton, M. M., Danilkin, I., Davydov, M., Day, D., De Fazio, F., De Napoli, M., De Vita, R., Dean, D. J., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Devkota, B., Dhital, S., Di Nezza, P., Diefenthaler, M., Diehl, S., Dilks, C., Ding, M., Djalali, C., Dobbs, S., Dupré, R., Dutta, D., Edwards, R. G., Egiyan, H., Ehinger, L., Eichmann, G., Elaasar, M., Elouadrhiri, L., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Emmert, A., Engelhardt, M., Ent, R., Ernst, D. J, Eugenio, P., Evans, G., Fanelli, C., Fegan, S., Fernández-Ramírez, C., Fernandez, L. A., Fernando, I. P., Filippi, A., Fischer, C. S., Fogler, C., Fomin, N., Frankfurt, L., Frederico, T., Freese, A., Fu, Y., Gamberg, L., Gan, L., Gao, F., Garcia-Tecocoatzi, H., Gaskell, D., Gasparian, A., Gates, K, Gavalian, G., Ghoshal, P. K., Giachino, A., Giacosa, F., Giannuzzi, F., Gilfoyle, G. -P., Girod, F-X, Glazier, D. I., Gleason, C., Godfrey, S., Goity, J. L., Golubenko, A. A., Gonzàlez-Solís, S., Gothe, R. W., Gotra, Y., Griffioen, K., Grocholski, O., Grube, B., Guèye, P., Guo, F. -K., Guo, Y., Guo, L., Hague, T. J., Hammoud, N., Hansen, J. -O., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Hayward, T., Heddle, D., Heinrich, N., Hen, O., Higinbotham, D. W., Higuera-Angulo, I. M., Blin, A. N. Hiller, Hobart, A., Hobbs, T., Holmberg, D. E, Horn, T., Hoyer, P., Huber, G. M., Hurck, P., Hutauruk, P. T. P., Ilieva, Y., Illari, I., Ireland, D. G, Isupov, E. L., Italiano, A., Jaegle, I., Jarvis, N. S., Jenkins, DJ, Jeschonnek, S., Ji, C-R., Jo, H. S., Jones, M., Jones, R. T., Jones, D. C., Joo, K., Junaid, M., Kageya, T., Kalantarians, N., Karki, A., Karyan, G., Katramatou, A. T., Kay, S. J. D, Kazimi, R., Keith, C. D., Keppel, C., Kerbizi, A., Khachatryan, V., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kinney, E. R., Kohl, M., Kotzinian, A., Kriesten, B. T., Kubarovsky, V., Kubis, B., Kuhn, S. E., Kumar, V., Kutz, T., Leali, M., Lebed, R. F., Lenisa, P., Leskovec, L., Li, S., Li, X., Liao, J., Lin, H. -W., Liu, L., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Lu, Y., MacGregor, I. J. D., Mack, D. J., Maiani, L, Mamo, K. A., Mandaglio, G., Mariani, C., Markowitz, P., Marukyan, H., Mascagna, V., Mathieu, V., Maxwell, J., Mazouz, M., McCaughan, M., McKeown, R. D., McKinnon, B., Meekins, D., Melnitchouk, W., Metz, A., Meyer, C. A., Meziani, Z. -E., Mezrag, C., Michaels, R., Miller, G. A., Mineeva, T., Miramontes, A. S., Mirazita, M., Mizutani, K., Mkrtchyan, H., Mkrtchyan, A., Moffit, B., Mohanmurthy, P., Mokeev, V. I., Monaghan, P., Montaña, G., Montgomery, R., Moretti, A., Chàvez, J. M. Morgado, Mosel, U., Movsisyan, A., Musico, P., Nadeeshani, S. A, Nadolsky, P. M., Nakamura, S. X., Nazeer, J., Nefediev, A. V., Neupane, K., Nguyen, D., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, I., Niculescu, G., Nocera, E. R., Nycz, M., Olness, F. I., Ortega, P. G., Osipenko, M., Pace, E., Pandey, B, Pandey, P., Papandreou, Z., Papavassiliou, J., Pappalardo, L. L., Paredes-Torres, G., Paremuzyan, R., Park, S., Parsamyan, B., Paschke, K. D., Pasquini, B., Passemar, E., Pasyuk, E., Patel, T., Paudel, C., Paul, S. J., Peng, J-C., Pentchev, L., Perrino, R., Perry, R. J., Peters, K., Petratos, G. G., Phelps, W., Piasetzky, E., Pilloni, A., Pire, B., Pitonyak, D., Pitt, M. L., Polosa, A. D., Pospelov, M., Postuma, A. C., Poudel, J., Preet, L., Prelovsek, S., Price, J. W., Prokudin, A., Puckett, A. J. R., Pybus, J. R., Qin, S. -X., Qiu, J. -W., Radici, M., Rashidi, H., Rathnayake, A. D, Raue, B. A., Reed, T., Reimer, P. E., Reinhold, J., Richard, J. -M., Rinaldi, M., Ringer, F., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., West, J. Rittenhouse, Rivero-Acosta, A., Roberts, C. D., Rodas, A., Rodini, S., Rodríguez-Quintero, J., Rogers, T. C., Rojo, J., Rossi, P., Rossi, G. C., Salmè, G., Santiesteban, S. N., Santopinto, E., Sargsian, M., Sato, N., Schadmand, S., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, S. M, Schnell, G., Schumacher, R. A., Schweitzer, P., Scimemi, I., Scott, K. C, Seay, D. A, Segovia, J., Semenov-Tian-Shansky, K., Seryi, A., Sharda, A. S, Shepherd, M. R., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, S., Shrestha, U., Shvedunov, V. I., Signori, A., Slifer, K. J., Smith, W. A., Somov, A., Souder, P., Sparveris, N., Spizzo, F., Spreafico, M., Stepanyan, S., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Strikman, M., Su, S., Sumner, B. C. L., Sun, E., Suresh, M., Sutera, C., Swanson, E. S., Szczepaniak, A. P, Sznajder, P., Szumila-Vance, H., Szymanowski, L., Tadepalli, A. -S., Tadevosyan, V., Tamang, B., Tarasov, V. V., Thiel, A., Tong, X. -B., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Urciuoli, G. M., Usman, A., Valcarce, A., Vallarino, S., Vaquera-Araujo, C. A., Venturelli, L., Vera, F., Vladimirov, A., Vossen, A., Wagner, J., Wei, X., Weinstein, L. B., Weiss, C., Williams, R., Winney, D., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, M. H., Xiao, T., Xu, S. -S., Ye, Z., Yero, C., Yuan, C. -P., Yurov, M., Zachariou, N., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Z. W., Zhao, Y., Zheng, X., Zhou, X., Ziegler, V., Zihlmann, B., de Paula, W, de Téramond, G. F., Accardi, A., Achenbach, P., Adhikari, D., Afanasev, A., Akondi, C. S., Akopov, N., Albaladejo, M., Albataineh, H., Albrecht, M., Almeida-Zamora, B., Amaryan, M., Androić, D., Armstrong, W., Armstrong, D. S., Arratia, M., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Avagyan, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bacchetta, A., Balantekin, A. B., Baltzell, N., Barion, L., Barry, P. 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Abstract

This document presents the initial scientific case for upgrading the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab (JLab) to 22 GeV. It is the result of a community effort, incorporating insights from a series of workshops conducted between March 2022 and April 2023. With a track record of over 25 years in delivering the world's most intense and precise multi-GeV electron beams, CEBAF's potential for a higher energy upgrade presents a unique opportunity for an innovative nuclear physics program, which seamlessly integrates a rich historical background with a promising future. The proposed physics program encompass a diverse range of investigations centered around the nonperturbative dynamics inherent in hadron structure and the exploration of strongly interacting systems. It builds upon the exceptional capabilities of CEBAF in high-luminosity operations, the availability of existing or planned Hall equipment, and recent advancements in accelerator technology. The proposed program cover various scientific topics, including Hadron Spectroscopy, Partonic Structure and Spin, Hadronization and Transverse Momentum, Spatial Structure, Mechanical Properties, Form Factors and Emergent Hadron Mass, Hadron-Quark Transition, and Nuclear Dynamics at Extreme Conditions, as well as QCD Confinement and Fundamental Symmetries. Each topic highlights the key measurements achievable at a 22 GeV CEBAF accelerator. Furthermore, this document outlines the significant physics outcomes and unique aspects of these programs that distinguish them from other existing or planned facilities. In summary, this document provides an exciting rationale for the energy upgrade of CEBAF to 22 GeV, outlining the transformative scientific potential that lies within reach, and the remarkable opportunities it offers for advancing our understanding of hadron physics and related fundamental phenomena., Comment: Updates to the list of authors; Preprint number changed from theory to experiment; Updates to sections 4 and 6, including additional figures

Published
2023

11. The Present and Future of QCD

Author

Achenbach, P., Adhikari, D., Afanasev, A., Afzal, F., Aidala, C. A., Al-bataineh, A., Almaalol, D. K., Amaryan, M., Androić, D., Armstrong, W. R., Arratia, M., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Aschenauer, E. C., Atac, H., Avakian, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bai, X., Barish, K. N., Barnea, N., Basar, G., Battaglieri, M., Baty, A. A., Bautista, I., Bazilevsky, A., Beattie, C., Behera, S. C., Bellini, V., Bellwied, R., Benesch, J. F., Benmokhtar, F., Bernardes, C. A., Bernauer, J. C., Bhatt, H., Bhatta, S., Boer, M., Boettcher, T. J., Bogacz, S. A., Bossi, H. J., Brandenburg, J. D., Brash, E. J., Briceño, R. A., Briscoe, W. J., Brodsky, S. J., Brown, D. A., Burkert, V. D., Caines, H., Cali, I. A., Camsonne, A., Carman, D. S., Caylor, J., Cerci, S., Llatas, M. Chamizo, Chatterjee, S., Chen, J. P., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. -C., Chien, Y. -T., Chou, P. -C., Chu, X., Chudakov, E., Cline, E., Cloët, I. C., Cole, P. L., Connors, M. E., Constantinou, M., Cosyn, W., Dusa, S. Covrig, Cruz-Torres, R., D'Alesio, U., da Silva, C., Davoudi, Z., Dean, C. T., Dean, D. J., Demarteau, M., Deshpande, A., Detmold, W., Deur, A., Devkota, B. R., Dhital, S., Diefenthaler, M., Dobbs, S., Döring, M., Dong, X., Dotel, R., Dow, K. A., Downie, E. J., Drachenberg, J. L., Dumitru, A., Dunlop, J. C., Dupre, R., Durham, J. M., Dutta, D., Edwards, R. G., Ehlers, R. J., Fassi, L. El, Elaasar, M., Elouadrhiri, L., Engelhardt, M., Ent, R., Esumi, S., Evdokimov, O., Eyser, O., Fanelli, C., Fatemi, R., Fernando, I. P., Flor, F. A., Fomin, N., Frawley, A. D., Frederico, T., Fries, R. J., Gal, C., Gamage, B. R., Gamberg, L., Gao, H., Gaskell, D., Geurts, F., Ghandilyan, Y., Ghimire, N., Gilman, R., Gleason, C., Gnanvo, K., Gothe, R. W., Greene, S. V., Grießhammer, H. W., Grossberndt, S. K., Grube, B., Hackett, D. C., Hague, T. J., Hakobyan, H., Hansen, J. -O., Hatta, Y., Hattawy, M., Havener, L. B., Hen, O., Henry, W., Higinbotham, D. W., Hobbs, T. J., Hodges, A. M., Holmstrom, T., Hong, B., Horn, T., Howell, C. R., Huang, H. Z., Huang, M., Huang, S., Huber, G. M., Hyde, C. E., Isupov, E. L., Jacobs, P. M., Jalilian-Marian, J., Jentsch, A., Jheng, H., Ji, C. -R., Ji, X., Jia, J., Jones, D. C., Jones, M. K., Kalantarians, N., Kalicy, G., Kang, Z. B., Karthein, J. M., Keller, D., Keppel, C., Khachatryan, V., Kharzeev, D. E., Kim, H., Kim, M., Kim, Y., King, P. M., Kinney, E., Klein, S. R., Ko, H. S., Koch, V., Kohl, M., Kovchegov, Y. V., Krintiras, G. K., Kubarovsky, V., Kuhn, S. E., Kumar, K. S., Kutz, T., Lajoie, J. G., Lauret, J., Lavrukhin, I., Lawrence, D., Lee, J. H., Lee, K., Lee, S., Lee, Y. -J., Li, S., Li, W., Li, Xiaqing, Li, Xuan, Liao, J., Lin, H. -W., Lisa, M. A., Liu, K. -F., Liu, M. X., Liu, T., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Llope, W. J., Loizides, C., Longo, R., Lorenzon, W., Lunkenheimer, S., Luo, X., Ma, R., McKinnon, B., Meekins, D. G., Mehtar-Tani, Y., Melnitchouk, W., Metz, A., Meyer, C. A., Meziani, Z. -E., Michaels, R., Michel, J. K. L., Milner, R. G., Mkrtchyan, H., Mohanmurthy, P., Mohanty, B., Mokeev, V. I., Moon, D. H., Mooney, I. A., Morningstar, C., Morrison, D. P., Müller, B., Mukherjee, S., Mulligan, J., Camacho, C. Munoz, Quijada, J. A. Murillo, Murray, M. J., Nadeeshani, S. A., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nam, J. D., Nattrass, C. E., Nijs, G., Noronha, J., Noronha-Hostler, J., Novitzky, N., Nycz, M., Olness, F. I., Osborn, J. D., Pak, R., Pandey, B., Paolone, M., Papandreou, Z., Paquet, J. -F., Park, S., Paschke, K. D., Pasquini, B., Pasyuk, E., Patel, T., Patton, A., Paudel, C., Peng, C., Peng, J. C., Da Costa, H. Pereira, Perepelitsa, D. V., Peters, M. J., Petreczky, P., Pisarski, R. D., Pitonyak, D., Ploskon, M. A., Posik, M., Poudel, J., Pradhan, R., Prokudin, A., Pruneau, C. A., Puckett, A. J. R., Pujahari, P., Putschke, J., Pybus, J. R., Qiu, J. -W., Rajagopal, K., Ratti, C., Read, K. F., Reed, R., Richards, D. G., Riedl, C., Ringer, F., Rinn, T., West, J. Rittenhouse, Roche, J., Rodas, A., Roland, G., Romero-López, F., Rossi, P., Rostomyan, T., Ruan, L., Ruimi, O. M., Saha, N. R., Sahoo, N. R., Sakaguchi, T., Salazar, F., Salgado, C. W., Salmè, G., Salur, S., Santiesteban, S. N., Sargsian, M. M., Sarsour, M., Sato, N., Satogata, T., Sawada, S., Schäfer, T., Scheihing-Hitschfeld, B., Schenke, B., Schindler, S. T., Schmidt, A., Seidl, R., Shabestari, M. H., Shanahan, P. E., Shen, C., Sheng, T. -A., Shepherd, M. R., Sickles, A. M., Sievert, M. D., Smith, K. L., Song, Y., Sorensen, A., Souder, P. A., Sparveris, N., Srednyak, S., Leiton, A. G. Stahl, Stasto, A. M., Steinberg, P., Stepanyan, S., Stephanov, M., Stevens, J. R., Stewart, D. J., Stewart, I. W., Stojanovic, M., Strakovsky, I., Strauch, S., Strickland, M., Cerci, D. Sunar, Suresh, M., Surrow, B., Syritsyn, S., Szczepaniak, A. P., Tadepalli, A. S., Tang, A. H., Takaki, J. D. Tapia, Tarnowsky, T. J., Tawfik, A. N., Taylor, M. I., Tennant, C., Thiel, A., Thomas, D., Tian, Y., Timmins, A. R., Tribedy, P., Tu, Z., Tuo, S., Ullrich, T., Umaka, E., Upton, D. W., Vary, J. P., Velkovska, J., Venugopalan, R., Vijayakumar, A., Vitev, I., Vogelsang, W., Vogt, R., Vossen, A., Voutier, E., Vovchenko, V., Walker-Loud, A., Wang, F., Wang, J., Wang, X., Wang, X. -N., Weinstein, L. B., Wenaus, T. J., Weyhmiller, S., Wissink, S. W., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wong, C. P., Wood, M. H., Wunderlich, Y., Wyslouch, B., Xiao, B. W., Xie, W., Xiong, W., Xu, N., Xu, Q. H., Xu, Z., Yaari, D., Yao, X., Ye, Z., Ye, Z. H., Yero, C., Yuan, F., Zajc, W. A., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., Zhao, F., Zhao, Y., Zhao, Z. W., Zheng, X., Zhou, J., Zurek, M., Achenbach, P., Adhikari, D., Afanasev, A., Afzal, F., Aidala, C. A., Al-bataineh, A., Almaalol, D. K., Amaryan, M., Androić, D., Armstrong, W. R., Arratia, M., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Aschenauer, E. C., Atac, H., Avakian, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bai, X., Barish, K. N., Barnea, N., Basar, G., Battaglieri, M., Baty, A. A., Bautista, I., Bazilevsky, A., Beattie, C., Behera, S. C., Bellini, V., Bellwied, R., Benesch, J. F., Benmokhtar, F., Bernardes, C. A., Bernauer, J. C., Bhatt, H., Bhatta, S., Boer, M., Boettcher, T. J., Bogacz, S. A., Bossi, H. J., Brandenburg, J. D., Brash, E. J., Briceño, R. A., Briscoe, W. J., Brodsky, S. J., Brown, D. A., Burkert, V. D., Caines, H., Cali, I. A., Camsonne, A., Carman, D. S., Caylor, J., Cerci, S., Llatas, M. Chamizo, Chatterjee, S., Chen, J. P., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. -C., Chien, Y. -T., Chou, P. -C., Chu, X., Chudakov, E., Cline, E., Cloët, I. C., Cole, P. L., Connors, M. E., Constantinou, M., Cosyn, W., Dusa, S. Covrig, Cruz-Torres, R., D'Alesio, U., da Silva, C., Davoudi, Z., Dean, C. T., Dean, D. J., Demarteau, M., Deshpande, A., Detmold, W., Deur, A., Devkota, B. R., Dhital, S., Diefenthaler, M., Dobbs, S., Döring, M., Dong, X., Dotel, R., Dow, K. A., Downie, E. J., Drachenberg, J. L., Dumitru, A., Dunlop, J. C., Dupre, R., Durham, J. M., Dutta, D., Edwards, R. G., Ehlers, R. J., Fassi, L. El, Elaasar, M., Elouadrhiri, L., Engelhardt, M., Ent, R., Esumi, S., Evdokimov, O., Eyser, O., Fanelli, C., Fatemi, R., Fernando, I. P., Flor, F. A., Fomin, N., Frawley, A. D., Frederico, T., Fries, R. J., Gal, C., Gamage, B. R., Gamberg, L., Gao, H., Gaskell, D., Geurts, F., Ghandilyan, Y., Ghimire, N., Gilman, R., Gleason, C., Gnanvo, K., Gothe, R. W., Greene, S. V., Grießhammer, H. W., Grossberndt, S. K., Grube, B., Hackett, D. C., Hague, T. J., Hakobyan, H., Hansen, J. -O., Hatta, Y., Hattawy, M., Havener, L. B., Hen, O., Henry, W., Higinbotham, D. W., Hobbs, T. J., Hodges, A. M., Holmstrom, T., Hong, B., Horn, T., Howell, C. R., Huang, H. Z., Huang, M., Huang, S., Huber, G. M., Hyde, C. E., Isupov, E. L., Jacobs, P. M., Jalilian-Marian, J., Jentsch, A., Jheng, H., Ji, C. -R., Ji, X., Jia, J., Jones, D. C., Jones, M. K., Kalantarians, N., Kalicy, G., Kang, Z. B., Karthein, J. M., Keller, D., Keppel, C., Khachatryan, V., Kharzeev, D. E., Kim, H., Kim, M., Kim, Y., King, P. M., Kinney, E., Klein, S. R., Ko, H. S., Koch, V., Kohl, M., Kovchegov, Y. V., Krintiras, G. K., Kubarovsky, V., Kuhn, S. E., Kumar, K. S., Kutz, T., Lajoie, J. G., Lauret, J., Lavrukhin, I., Lawrence, D., Lee, J. H., Lee, K., Lee, S., Lee, Y. -J., Li, S., Li, W., Li, Xiaqing, Li, Xuan, Liao, J., Lin, H. -W., Lisa, M. A., Liu, K. -F., Liu, M. X., Liu, T., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Llope, W. J., Loizides, C., Longo, R., Lorenzon, W., Lunkenheimer, S., Luo, X., Ma, R., McKinnon, B., Meekins, D. G., Mehtar-Tani, Y., Melnitchouk, W., Metz, A., Meyer, C. A., Meziani, Z. -E., Michaels, R., Michel, J. K. L., Milner, R. G., Mkrtchyan, H., Mohanmurthy, P., Mohanty, B., Mokeev, V. I., Moon, D. H., Mooney, I. A., Morningstar, C., Morrison, D. P., Müller, B., Mukherjee, S., Mulligan, J., Camacho, C. Munoz, Quijada, J. A. Murillo, Murray, M. J., Nadeeshani, S. A., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nam, J. D., Nattrass, C. E., Nijs, G., Noronha, J., Noronha-Hostler, J., Novitzky, N., Nycz, M., Olness, F. I., Osborn, J. D., Pak, R., Pandey, B., Paolone, M., Papandreou, Z., Paquet, J. -F., Park, S., Paschke, K. D., Pasquini, B., Pasyuk, E., Patel, T., Patton, A., Paudel, C., Peng, C., Peng, J. C., Da Costa, H. Pereira, Perepelitsa, D. V., Peters, M. J., Petreczky, P., Pisarski, R. D., Pitonyak, D., Ploskon, M. A., Posik, M., Poudel, J., Pradhan, R., Prokudin, A., Pruneau, C. A., Puckett, A. J. R., Pujahari, P., Putschke, J., Pybus, J. R., Qiu, J. -W., Rajagopal, K., Ratti, C., Read, K. F., Reed, R., Richards, D. G., Riedl, C., Ringer, F., Rinn, T., West, J. Rittenhouse, Roche, J., Rodas, A., Roland, G., Romero-López, F., Rossi, P., Rostomyan, T., Ruan, L., Ruimi, O. M., Saha, N. R., Sahoo, N. R., Sakaguchi, T., Salazar, F., Salgado, C. W., Salmè, G., Salur, S., Santiesteban, S. N., Sargsian, M. M., Sarsour, M., Sato, N., Satogata, T., Sawada, S., Schäfer, T., Scheihing-Hitschfeld, B., Schenke, B., Schindler, S. T., Schmidt, A., Seidl, R., Shabestari, M. H., Shanahan, P. E., Shen, C., Sheng, T. -A., Shepherd, M. R., Sickles, A. M., Sievert, M. D., Smith, K. L., Song, Y., Sorensen, A., Souder, P. A., Sparveris, N., Srednyak, S., Leiton, A. G. Stahl, Stasto, A. M., Steinberg, P., Stepanyan, S., Stephanov, M., Stevens, J. R., Stewart, D. J., Stewart, I. W., Stojanovic, M., Strakovsky, I., Strauch, S., Strickland, M., Cerci, D. Sunar, Suresh, M., Surrow, B., Syritsyn, S., Szczepaniak, A. P., Tadepalli, A. S., Tang, A. H., Takaki, J. D. Tapia, Tarnowsky, T. J., Tawfik, A. N., Taylor, M. I., Tennant, C., Thiel, A., Thomas, D., Tian, Y., Timmins, A. R., Tribedy, P., Tu, Z., Tuo, S., Ullrich, T., Umaka, E., Upton, D. W., Vary, J. P., Velkovska, J., Venugopalan, R., Vijayakumar, A., Vitev, I., Vogelsang, W., Vogt, R., Vossen, A., Voutier, E., Vovchenko, V., Walker-Loud, A., Wang, F., Wang, J., Wang, X., Wang, X. -N., Weinstein, L. B., Wenaus, T. J., Weyhmiller, S., Wissink, S. W., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wong, C. P., Wood, M. H., Wunderlich, Y., Wyslouch, B., Xiao, B. W., Xie, W., Xiong, W., Xu, N., Xu, Q. H., Xu, Z., Yaari, D., Yao, X., Ye, Z., Ye, Z. H., Yero, C., Yuan, F., Zajc, W. A., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., Zhao, F., Zhao, Y., Zhao, Z. W., Zheng, X., Zhou, J., and Zurek, M.

Abstract

This White Paper presents the community inputs and scientific conclusions from the Hot and Cold QCD Town Meeting that took place September 23-25, 2022 at MIT, as part of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) 2023 Long Range Planning process. A total of 424 physicists registered for the meeting. The meeting highlighted progress in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) nuclear physics since the 2015 LRP (LRP15) and identified key questions and plausible paths to obtaining answers to those questions, defining priorities for our research over the coming decade. In defining the priority of outstanding physics opportunities for the future, both prospects for the short (~ 5 years) and longer term (5-10 years and beyond) are identified together with the facilities, personnel and other resources needed to maximize the discovery potential and maintain United States leadership in QCD physics worldwide. This White Paper is organized as follows: In the Executive Summary, we detail the Recommendations and Initiatives that were presented and discussed at the Town Meeting, and their supporting rationales. Section 2 highlights major progress and accomplishments of the past seven years. It is followed, in Section 3, by an overview of the physics opportunities for the immediate future, and in relation with the next QCD frontier: the EIC. Section 4 provides an overview of the physics motivations and goals associated with the EIC. Section 5 is devoted to the workforce development and support of diversity, equity and inclusion. This is followed by a dedicated section on computing in Section 6. Section 7 describes the national need for nuclear data science and the relevance to QCD research., Comment: QCD Town Meeting White Paper, as submitted to 2023 NSAC LRP committee on Feb. 28, 2023

Published
2023
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12. Interlaboratory Evaluation of Multiple LC-MS/MS Methods and a Commercial ELISA Method for Determination of Tetrodotoxin in Oysters and Mussels

Author

Turner, Andrew D., Dean, Karl J., Dhanji-Rapkova, Monika, Dall'Ara, Sonia, Pino, Florella, McVey, Claire, Haughey, Simon, Logan, Natasha, Elliott, Christopher, Gago-Martinez, Ana, Leao, Jose Manuel, Giraldez, Jorge, Gibbs, Ryan, Thomas, Krista, Perez-Calderon, Ruth, Faulkner, Dermot, McEneny, Hugh, Savar, Veronique, Reveillon, Damien, Hess, Philipp, Arevalo, Fabiola, Lamas, J.P., Cagide, Eva, Alvarez, Mercedes, Antelo, Alvaro, Klijnstra, Mirjam D., Oplatowska-Stachowiak, Michalina, Kleintjens, Tim, Sajic, Nermin, Boundy, Michael J., Maskrey, Benjamin H., Harwood, D.T., González Jartín, Jesús M., Alfonso, Amparo, Botana, Luis, Turner, Andrew D., Dean, Karl J., Dhanji-Rapkova, Monika, Dall'Ara, Sonia, Pino, Florella, McVey, Claire, Haughey, Simon, Logan, Natasha, Elliott, Christopher, Gago-Martinez, Ana, Leao, Jose Manuel, Giraldez, Jorge, Gibbs, Ryan, Thomas, Krista, Perez-Calderon, Ruth, Faulkner, Dermot, McEneny, Hugh, Savar, Veronique, Reveillon, Damien, Hess, Philipp, Arevalo, Fabiola, Lamas, J.P., Cagide, Eva, Alvarez, Mercedes, Antelo, Alvaro, Klijnstra, Mirjam D., Oplatowska-Stachowiak, Michalina, Kleintjens, Tim, Sajic, Nermin, Boundy, Michael J., Maskrey, Benjamin H., Harwood, D.T., González Jartín, Jesús M., Alfonso, Amparo, and Botana, Luis

Abstract

Given the recent detection of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in bivalve molluscs but the absence of a full collaborative validation study for TTX determination in a large number of shellfish samples, interlaboratory assessment of method performance was required to better understand current capabilities for accurate and reproducible TTX quantitation using chemical and immunoassay methods. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to conduct an interlaboratory study with multiple laboratories, using results to assess method performance and acceptability of different TTX testing methods. METHODS: Homogenous and stable mussel and oyster materials were assessed by participants using a range of published and in-house detection methods to determine mean TTX concentrations. Data were used to calculate recoveries, repeatability, and reproducibility, together with participant acceptability z-scores. RESULTS: Method performance characteristics were good, showing excellent sensitivity, recovery, and repeatability. Acceptable reproducibility was evidenced by HorRat values for all LC-MS/MS and ELISA methods being less than the 2.0 limit of acceptability. Method differences between the LC-MS/MS participants did not result in statistically different results. Method performance characteristics compared well with previously published single-laboratory validated methods and no statistical difference was found in results returned by ELISA in comparison with LC-MS/MS. CONCLUSION: The results from this study demonstrate that current LC-MS/MS methods and ELISA are on the whole capable of sensitive, accurate, and reproducible TTX quantitation in shellfish. Further work is recommended to expand the number of laboratories testing ELISA and to standardize an LC-MS/MS protocol to further improve interlaboratory precision. HIGHLIGHTS: Multiple mass spectrometric methods and a commercial ELISA have been successfully assessed through an interlaboratory study, demonstrating excellent performance.

Published
2023

13. Interlaboratory Evaluation of Multiple LC–MS/MS Methods and a Commercial ELISA Method for Determination of Tetrodotoxin in Oysters and Mussels

Author

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Farmacoloxía, Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Turner, Andrew D., Dean, Karl J., Dhanji-Rapkova, Monika, Dall’Ara, Sonia, Pino, Florella, McVey, Claire, Haughey, Simon, Logan, Natasha, Elliot, Christopher, Gago Martínez, Ana, Leao, José Manuel, Giráldez, Jorge, Gibbs, Ryan, Thomas, Krista, Pérez-Calderón, Ruth, Faulkner, Dermot, McEneny, Hugh, Savar, Veronique, Reveillon, Damien, Hess, Philipp, Arévalo, Fabiola, Lamas Castro, Juan Pablo, Cagide, Eva, Álvarez, Mercedes, Antelo Queijo, Álvaro, Klijnstra, Mirjam D., Oplatowska-Stachowiak, Michalina, Kleintjens, Tim, Sajic, Nermin, Boundy, Michael J., Maskrey, Benjamin, Harwood, D. Tim, González Jartín, Jesús María, Alfonso Rancaño, María Amparo, Botana López, Luis Miguel, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Farmacoloxía, Farmacia e Tecnoloxía Farmacéutica, Turner, Andrew D., Dean, Karl J., Dhanji-Rapkova, Monika, Dall’Ara, Sonia, Pino, Florella, McVey, Claire, Haughey, Simon, Logan, Natasha, Elliot, Christopher, Gago Martínez, Ana, Leao, José Manuel, Giráldez, Jorge, Gibbs, Ryan, Thomas, Krista, Pérez-Calderón, Ruth, Faulkner, Dermot, McEneny, Hugh, Savar, Veronique, Reveillon, Damien, Hess, Philipp, Arévalo, Fabiola, Lamas Castro, Juan Pablo, Cagide, Eva, Álvarez, Mercedes, Antelo Queijo, Álvaro, Klijnstra, Mirjam D., Oplatowska-Stachowiak, Michalina, Kleintjens, Tim, Sajic, Nermin, Boundy, Michael J., Maskrey, Benjamin, Harwood, D. Tim, González Jartín, Jesús María, Alfonso Rancaño, María Amparo, and Botana López, Luis Miguel

Abstract

Background Given the recent detection of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in bivalve molluscs but the absence of a full collaborative validation study for TTX determination in a large number of shellfish samples, interlaboratory assessment of method performance was required to better understand current capabilities for accurate and reproducible TTX quantitation using chemical and immunoassay methods. Objective The aim was to conduct an interlaboratory study with multiple laboratories, using results to assess method performance and acceptability of different TTX testing methods. Methods Homogenous and stable mussel and oyster materials were assessed by participants using a range of published and in-house detection methods to determine mean TTX concentrations. Data were used to calculate recoveries, repeatability, and reproducibility, together with participant acceptability z-scores. Results Method performance characteristics were good, showing excellent sensitivity, recovery, and repeatability. Acceptable reproducibility was evidenced by HorRat values for all LC–MS/MS and ELISA methods being less than the 2.0 limit of acceptability. Method differences between the LC–MS/MS participants did not result in statistically different results. Method performance characteristics compared well with previously published single-laboratory validated methods and no statistical difference was found in results returned by ELISA in comparison with LC–MS/MS. Conclusion The results from this study demonstrate that current LC–MS/MS methods and ELISA are on the whole capable of sensitive, accurate, and reproducible TTX quantitation in shellfish. Further work is recommended to expand the number of laboratories testing ELISA and to standardize an LC–MS/MS protocol to further improve interlaboratory precision. Highlights Multiple mass spectrometric methods and a commercial ELISA have been successfully assessed through an interlaboratory study, demonstrating excellent performance.

Published
2023

14. Nuclear Forces for Precision Nuclear Physics -- a collection of perspectives

Author

Tews, Ingo, Davoudi, Zohreh, Ekström, Andreas, Holt, Jason D., Becker, Kevin, Briceño, Raúl, Dean, David J., Detmold, William, Drischler, Christian, Duguet, Thomas, Epelbaum, Evgeny, Gasparyan, Ashot, Gegelia, Jambul, Green, Jeremy R., Grießhammer, Harald W., Hanlon, Andrew D., Heinz, Matthias, Hergert, Heiko, Hoferichter, Martin, Illa, Marc, Kekejian, David, Kievsky, Alejandro, König, Sebastian, Krebs, Hermann, Launey, Kristina D., Lee, Dean, Navrátil, Petr, Nicholson, Amy, Parreño, Assumpta, Phillips, Daniel R., Płoszajczak, Marek, Ren, Xiu-Lei, Richardson, Thomas R., Robin, Caroline, Sargsyan, Grigor H., Savage, Martin, Schindler, Matthias R., Shanahan, Phiala E., Springer, Roxanne P., Tichai, Alexander, van Kolck, Ubirajara, Wagman, Michael L., Walker-Loud, André, Yang, Chieh-Jen, Zhang, Xilin, Tews, Ingo, Davoudi, Zohreh, Ekström, Andreas, Holt, Jason D., Becker, Kevin, Briceño, Raúl, Dean, David J., Detmold, William, Drischler, Christian, Duguet, Thomas, Epelbaum, Evgeny, Gasparyan, Ashot, Gegelia, Jambul, Green, Jeremy R., Grießhammer, Harald W., Hanlon, Andrew D., Heinz, Matthias, Hergert, Heiko, Hoferichter, Martin, Illa, Marc, Kekejian, David, Kievsky, Alejandro, König, Sebastian, Krebs, Hermann, Launey, Kristina D., Lee, Dean, Navrátil, Petr, Nicholson, Amy, Parreño, Assumpta, Phillips, Daniel R., Płoszajczak, Marek, Ren, Xiu-Lei, Richardson, Thomas R., Robin, Caroline, Sargsyan, Grigor H., Savage, Martin, Schindler, Matthias R., Shanahan, Phiala E., Springer, Roxanne P., Tichai, Alexander, van Kolck, Ubirajara, Wagman, Michael L., Walker-Loud, André, Yang, Chieh-Jen, and Zhang, Xilin

Abstract

This is a collection of perspective pieces contributed by the participants of the Institute of Nuclear Theory's Program on Nuclear Physics for Precision Nuclear Physics which was held virtually from April 19 to May 7, 2021. The collection represents the reflections of a vibrant and engaged community of researchers on the status of theoretical research in low-energy nuclear physics, the challenges ahead, and new ideas and strategies to make progress in nuclear structure and reaction physics, effective field theory, lattice QCD, quantum information, and quantum computing. The contributed pieces solely reflect the perspectives of the respective authors and do not represent the viewpoints of the Institute for Nuclear theory or the organizers of the program., Comment: Perspective pieces of the virtual INT program 21-1b "Nuclear Forces for Precision Nuclear Physics", 107 pages

Published
2022
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15. Femtojoule femtosecond all-optical switching in lithium niobate nanophotonics

Author

Guo, Qiushi, Sekine, Ryoto, Ledezma, Luis, Nehra, Rajveer, Dean, Devin J., Roy, Arkadev, Gray, Robert M., Jahani, Saman, Marandi, Alireza, Guo, Qiushi, Sekine, Ryoto, Ledezma, Luis, Nehra, Rajveer, Dean, Devin J., Roy, Arkadev, Gray, Robert M., Jahani, Saman, and Marandi, Alireza

Abstract

Optical nonlinear functions are crucial for various applications in integrated photonics, including all-optical information processing, photonic neural networks and on-chip ultrafast light sources. However, the weak native nonlinearity of most nanophotonic platforms has imposed barriers for such functions by necessitating large driving energies, high-Q cavities or integration with other materials with stronger nonlinearity. Here we effectively utilize the strong and instantaneous quadratic nonlinearity of lithium niobate nanowaveguides for the realization of cavity-free all-optical switching. By simultaneous engineering of the dispersion and quasi-phase matching, we design and demonstrate a nonlinear splitter that can achieve ultralow switching energies down to 80 fJ, featuring a fastest switching time of ~46 fs and a lowest energy–time product of 3.7 × 10⁻²⁷ J s in integrated photonics. Our results can enable on-chip ultrafast and energy-efficient all-optical information processing, computing systems and light sources.

Published
2022

16. Transcriptome-wide changes in gene expression, splicing, and lncRNAs in response to a live attenuated dengue virus vaccine.

Author

Kim, Eun-Young, Kim, Eun-Young, Che, Yan, Dean, Hansi J, Lorenzo-Redondo, Ramon, Stewart, Michael, Keller, Caroline K, Whorf, Daniel, Mills, Dawson, Dulin, Nikita N, Kim, Tiffany, Votoupal, Megan, Walter, Miriam, Fernandez-Sesma, Ana, Kim, Heejin, Wolinsky, Steven M, Kim, Eun-Young, Kim, Eun-Young, Che, Yan, Dean, Hansi J, Lorenzo-Redondo, Ramon, Stewart, Michael, Keller, Caroline K, Whorf, Daniel, Mills, Dawson, Dulin, Nikita N, Kim, Tiffany, Votoupal, Megan, Walter, Miriam, Fernandez-Sesma, Ana, Kim, Heejin, and Wolinsky, Steven M

Abstract

The tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate, TAK-003, induces a functional antibody response, but the titers of antibodies against the four serotypes of the dengue virus (DENV) can vary. Here, through a transcriptomic analysis on whole blood collected from recipients of a two-dose schedule of TAK-003, we examine gene expression, splicing, and transcript isoform-level changes for both protein-coding and noncoding genes to broaden our understanding of the immune response. Our analysis reveals a dynamic pattern of vaccine-associated regulation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), differential splicing of interferon-stimulated gene exons, and gene expression changes related to multiple signaling pathways that detect viral infection. Co-expression networks isolate immune cell-type-related and interferon-response modules that represent specific biological processes that correlate with more robust antibody responses. These data provide insights into the early determinants of the variable immune response to the vaccine, highlighting the significance of splicing and isoform-level gene regulatory mechanisms in defining vaccine immunogenicity.

Published
2022

17. International Consensus Conference Recommendations on Ultrasound Education for Undergraduate Medical Students

Author

Hoppmann, Richard A, Mladenovic, Jeanette, Melniker, Lawrence, Badea, Radu, Blaivas, Michael, Montorfano, Miguel, Abuhamad, Alfred, Noble, Vicki, Hussain, Arif, Prosen, Gregor, Villen, Tomás, Via, Gabriele, Nogue, Ramon, Goodmurphy, Craig, Bastos, Marcus, Nace, G Stephen, Volpicelli, Giovanni, Wakefield, Richard J, Wilson, Steve, Bhagra, Anjali, Kim, Jongyeol, Bahner, David, Fox, Chris, Riley, Ruth, Steinmetz, Peter, Nelson, Bret P, Pellerito, John, Nazarian, Levon N, Wilson, L Britt, Ma, Irene W Y, Amponsah, David, Barron, Keith R, Dversdal, Renee K, Wagner, Mike, Dean, Anthony J, Tierney, David, Tsung, James W, Nocera, Paula, Pazeli, José, Liu, Rachel, Price, Susanna, Neri, Luca, Piccirillo, Barbara, Osman, Adi, Lee, Vaughan, Naqvi, Nitha, Petrovic, Tomislav, Bornemann, Paul, Valois, Maxime, Lanctot, Jean-Francoise, Haddad, Robert, Govil, Deepak, Hurtado, Laura A, Dinh, Vi Am, DePhilip, Robert M, Hoffmann, Beatrice, Lewiss, Resa E, Parange, Nayana A, Nishisaki, Akira, Doniger, Stephanie J, Dallas, Paul, Bergman, Kevin, Barahona, J Oscar, Wortsman, Ximena, Smith, R Stephen, Sisson, Craig A, Palma, James, Mallin, Mike, Ahmed, Liju, Mustafa, Hassan, Hoppmann, Richard A, Mladenovic, Jeanette, Melniker, Lawrence, Badea, Radu, Blaivas, Michael, Montorfano, Miguel, Abuhamad, Alfred, Noble, Vicki, Hussain, Arif, Prosen, Gregor, Villen, Tomás, Via, Gabriele, Nogue, Ramon, Goodmurphy, Craig, Bastos, Marcus, Nace, G Stephen, Volpicelli, Giovanni, Wakefield, Richard J, Wilson, Steve, Bhagra, Anjali, Kim, Jongyeol, Bahner, David, Fox, Chris, Riley, Ruth, Steinmetz, Peter, Nelson, Bret P, Pellerito, John, Nazarian, Levon N, Wilson, L Britt, Ma, Irene W Y, Amponsah, David, Barron, Keith R, Dversdal, Renee K, Wagner, Mike, Dean, Anthony J, Tierney, David, Tsung, James W, Nocera, Paula, Pazeli, José, Liu, Rachel, Price, Susanna, Neri, Luca, Piccirillo, Barbara, Osman, Adi, Lee, Vaughan, Naqvi, Nitha, Petrovic, Tomislav, Bornemann, Paul, Valois, Maxime, Lanctot, Jean-Francoise, Haddad, Robert, Govil, Deepak, Hurtado, Laura A, Dinh, Vi Am, DePhilip, Robert M, Hoffmann, Beatrice, Lewiss, Resa E, Parange, Nayana A, Nishisaki, Akira, Doniger, Stephanie J, Dallas, Paul, Bergman, Kevin, Barahona, J Oscar, Wortsman, Ximena, Smith, R Stephen, Sisson, Craig A, Palma, James, Mallin, Mike, Ahmed, Liju, and Mustafa, Hassan

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to provide expert consensus recommendations to establish a global ultrasound curriculum for undergraduate medical students. METHODS: 64 multi-disciplinary ultrasound experts from 16 countries, 50 multi-disciplinary ultrasound consultants, and 21 medical students and residents contributed to these recommendations. A modified Delphi consensus method was used that included a systematic literature search, evaluation of the quality of literature by the GRADE system, and the RAND appropriateness method for panel judgment and consensus decisions. The process included four in-person international discussion sessions and two rounds of online voting. RESULTS: A total of 332 consensus conference statements in four curricular domains were considered: (1) curricular scope (4 statements), (2) curricular rationale (10 statements), (3) curricular characteristics (14 statements), and (4) curricular content (304 statements). Of these 332 statements, 145 were recommended, 126 were strongly recommended, and 61 were not recommended. Important aspects of an undergraduate ultrasound curriculum identified include curricular integration across the basic and clinical sciences and a competency and entrustable professional activity-based model. The curriculum should form the foundation of a life-long continuum of ultrasound education that prepares students for advanced training and patient care. In addition, the curriculum should complement and support the medical school curriculum as a whole with enhanced understanding of anatomy, physiology, pathophysiological processes and clinical practice without displacing other important undergraduate learning. The content of the curriculum should be appropriate for the medical student level of training, evidence and expert opinion based, and include ongoing collaborative research and development to ensure optimum educational value and patient care. CONCLUSIONS: The international consensus conference has provided

Published
2022

18. International consensus conference recommendations on ultrasound education for undergraduate medical students

Author

Hoppmann, Richard A., Mladenovic, Jeanette, Melniker, Lawrence, Badea, Radu, Blaivas, Michael, Montorfano, Miguel, Abuhamad, Alfred, Noble, Vicki, Hussain, Arif, Prosen, Gregor, Villen, Tomás, Via, Gabriele, Nogue, Ramon, Goodmurphy, Craig, Bastos, Marcus, Nace, G. S., Volpicelli, Giovanni, Wakefield, Richard J., Wilson, Steve, Bhagra, Anjali, Kim, Jongyeol, Bahner, David, Fox, Chris, Riley, Ruth, Steinmetz, Peter, Nelson, Bret P., Pellerito, John, Nazarian, Levon N., Wilson, L. B., Ma, Irene W. Y., Amponsah, David, Barron, Keith R., Dversdal, Renee K., Wagner, Mike, Dean, Anthony J., Tierney, David, Tsung, James W., Nocera, Paula, Pazeli, José, Liu, Rachel, Price, Susanna, Neri, Luca, Piccirillo, Barbara, Osman, Adi, Lee, Vaughan, Naqvi, Nitha, Petrovic, Tomislav, Bornemann, Paul, Valois, Maxime, Lanctot, Jean-Francoise, Haddad, Robert, Govil, Deepak, Hurtado, Laura A., Dinh, Vi A., DePhilip, Robert M., Hoffmann, Beatrice, Lewiss, Resa E., Parange, Nayana A., Nishisaki, Akira, Doniger, Stephanie J., Dallas, A. Paul, Bergman, Kevin, Barahona, J. O., Wortsman, Ximena, Smith, R. S., Sisson, Craig A., Palma, James, Mallin, Mike, Ahmed, Liju, Mustafa, Hassan, Hoppmann, Richard A., Mladenovic, Jeanette, Melniker, Lawrence, Badea, Radu, Blaivas, Michael, Montorfano, Miguel, Abuhamad, Alfred, Noble, Vicki, Hussain, Arif, Prosen, Gregor, Villen, Tomás, Via, Gabriele, Nogue, Ramon, Goodmurphy, Craig, Bastos, Marcus, Nace, G. S., Volpicelli, Giovanni, Wakefield, Richard J., Wilson, Steve, Bhagra, Anjali, Kim, Jongyeol, Bahner, David, Fox, Chris, Riley, Ruth, Steinmetz, Peter, Nelson, Bret P., Pellerito, John, Nazarian, Levon N., Wilson, L. B., Ma, Irene W. Y., Amponsah, David, Barron, Keith R., Dversdal, Renee K., Wagner, Mike, Dean, Anthony J., Tierney, David, Tsung, James W., Nocera, Paula, Pazeli, José, Liu, Rachel, Price, Susanna, Neri, Luca, Piccirillo, Barbara, Osman, Adi, Lee, Vaughan, Naqvi, Nitha, Petrovic, Tomislav, Bornemann, Paul, Valois, Maxime, Lanctot, Jean-Francoise, Haddad, Robert, Govil, Deepak, Hurtado, Laura A., Dinh, Vi A., DePhilip, Robert M., Hoffmann, Beatrice, Lewiss, Resa E., Parange, Nayana A., Nishisaki, Akira, Doniger, Stephanie J., Dallas, A. Paul, Bergman, Kevin, Barahona, J. O., Wortsman, Ximena, Smith, R. S., Sisson, Craig A., Palma, James, Mallin, Mike, Ahmed, Liju, and Mustafa, Hassan

Abstract

Objectives The purpose of this study is to provide expert consensus recommendations to establish a global ultrasound curriculum for undergraduate medical students. Methods 64 multi-disciplinary ultrasound experts from 16 countries, 50 multi-disciplinary ultrasound consultants, and 21 medical students and residents contributed to these recommendations. A modified Delphi consensus method was used that included a systematic literature search, evaluation of the quality of literature by the GRADE system, and the RAND appropriateness method for panel judgment and consensus decisions. The process included four in-person international discussion sessions and two rounds of online voting. Results A total of 332 consensus conference statements in four curricular domains were considered: (1) curricular scope (4 statements), (2) curricular rationale (10 statements), (3) curricular characteristics (14 statements), and (4) curricular content (304 statements). Of these 332 statements, 145 were recommended, 126 were strongly recommended, and 61 were not recommended. Important aspects of an undergraduate ultrasound curriculum identified include curricular integration across the basic and clinical sciences and a competency and entrustable professional activity-based model. The curriculum should form the foundation of a life-long continuum of ultrasound education that prepares students for advanced training and patient care. In addition, the curriculum should complement and support the medical school curriculum as a whole with enhanced understanding of anatomy, physiology, pathophysiological processes and clinical practice without displacing other important undergraduate learning. The content of the curriculum should be appropriate for the medical student level of training, evidence and expert opinion based, and include ongoing collaborative research and development to ensure optimum educational value and patient care. Conclusions The international consensus conference has provided the

Published
2022

19. Nuclear Forces for Precision Nuclear Physics: A Collection of Perspectives

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Theoretical Physics, Tews, Ingo, Davoudi, Zohreh, Ekström, Andreas, Holt, Jason D., Becker, Kevin, Briceño, Raúl, Dean, David J., Detmold, William, Drischler, Christian, Duguet, Thomas, Epelbaum, Evgeny, Gasparyan, Ashot, Gegelia, Jambul, Green, Jeremy R., Grießhammer, Harald W., Hanlon, Andrew D., Heinz, Matthias, Hergert, Heiko, Hoferichter, Martin, Illa, Marc, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Theoretical Physics, Tews, Ingo, Davoudi, Zohreh, Ekström, Andreas, Holt, Jason D., Becker, Kevin, Briceño, Raúl, Dean, David J., Detmold, William, Drischler, Christian, Duguet, Thomas, Epelbaum, Evgeny, Gasparyan, Ashot, Gegelia, Jambul, Green, Jeremy R., Grießhammer, Harald W., Hanlon, Andrew D., Heinz, Matthias, Hergert, Heiko, Hoferichter, Martin, and Illa, Marc

Abstract

This is a collection of perspective pieces contributed by the participants of the Institute for Nuclear Theory’s Program on Nuclear Physics for Precision Nuclear Physics which was held virtually from April 19 to May 7, 2021. The collection represents the reflections of a vibrant and engaged community of researchers on the status of theoretical research in low-energy nuclear physics, the challenges ahead, and new ideas and strategies to make progress in nuclear structure and reaction physics, effective field theory, lattice QCD, quantum information, and quantum computing. The contributed pieces solely reflect the perspectives of the respective authors and do not represent the viewpoints of the Institute for Nuclear theory or the organizers of the program.

Published
2022

21. Longitudinal Assessment and Functional Neuroimaging of Movement Variability Reveal Novel Insights Into Motor Dysfunction in Clinical High Risk for Psychosis.

Author

Dean, Derek J, Dean, Derek J, Bernard, Jessica A, Damme, Katherine SF, O'Reilly, Randall, Orr, Joseph M, Mittal, Vijay A, Dean, Derek J, Dean, Derek J, Bernard, Jessica A, Damme, Katherine SF, O'Reilly, Randall, Orr, Joseph M, and Mittal, Vijay A

Abstract

Motor dysfunction in youth at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis is thought to reflect abnormal neurodevelopment within cortical-subcortical motor circuits and may be important for understanding clinical trajectories of CHR individuals. However, to date, our perspective of brain-behavior relationships has been informed solely by cross-sectional correlational studies linking behavior in the lab to brain structure or respective resting-state network connectivity. Here, we assess movement dysfunction from 2 perspectives: study 1 investigates the longitudinal progression of handwriting variability and positive symptoms in a sample of 91 CHR and healthy controls during a 12-month follow-up and study 2 involves a multiband functional magnetic resonance imaging task exploring the relationship between power grip force stability and motor network brain activation in a subset of participants. In study 1, we found that greater handwriting variability was a stable feature of CHR participants who experienced worse symptom progression. Study 2 results showed that CHR individuals had greater variability in their grip force and greater variability was related to decreased activation in the associative cortico-striatal network compared to controls. Motor variability may be a stable marker of vulnerability for psychosis risk and possible indicator of a vulnerable cortico-striatal brain network functioning in CHR participants, although the effects of antipsychotic medication should be considered.

Published
2020

22. Some Basics about Ethics.

Author

Dean, Peter J.

Abstract

Discussion of ethics focuses on the role of human performance technology professionals in helping corporate ethicists. Highlights include definitions of ethics, morals, values, and business ethics; ethics in academia and in business; and application of the knowledge of ethics to decision-making. (Contains 18 references.) (LRW)

Published
1994

23. Femtojoule, femtosecond all-optical switching in lithium niobate nanophotonics

Author

Guo, Qiushi, Sekine, Ryoto, Ledezma, Luis, Nehra, Rajveer, Dean, Devin J., Roy, Arkadev, Gray, Robert M., Jahani, Saman, Marandi, Alireza, Guo, Qiushi, Sekine, Ryoto, Ledezma, Luis, Nehra, Rajveer, Dean, Devin J., Roy, Arkadev, Gray, Robert M., Jahani, Saman, and Marandi, Alireza

Abstract

Optical nonlinear functions are crucial for various applications in integrated photonics, such as all-optical information processing, photonic neural networks and on-chip ultrafast light sources. Due to the weak nonlinearities in most integrated photonic platforms, realizing optical nonlinear functions typically requires large driving energies in the picojoules level or beyond, thus imposing a barrier for most applications. Here, we tackle this challenge and demonstrate an integrated nonlinear splitter device in lithium niobate nano-waveguides by simultaneous engineering of the dispersion and quasi-phase matching. We achieve non-resonant all-optical switching with ultra-low energies down to tens of femtojoules, a near instantaneous switching time of 18 fs, and a large extinction ratio of more than 5 dB. Our nonlinear splitter simultaneously realizes switch-on and -off operations and features a state-of-the-art switching energy-time product as low as 1.4 × 10⁻²⁷ J⋅s. We also show a path toward attojoule level all-optical switching by further optimizing the device geometry. Our results can enable on-chip ultrafast and energy-efficient all-optical information processing, computing systems, and light sources.

Published
2021

24. 'Stickiness' of water-saving behaviours : What factors influence whether behaviours are maintained or given up?

Author

Dean, Angela J., Kneebone, Sarah, Tull, Fraser, Lauren, Nita, Smith, Liam D.G., Dean, Angela J., Kneebone, Sarah, Tull, Fraser, Lauren, Nita, and Smith, Liam D.G.

Abstract

Promoting adoption and maintenance of household water-saving behaviours is an important component of responding to water scarcity. While much research identifies what influences adoption of new behaviours, factors that support maintenance of these behaviours have rarely been examined. To address this, we surveyed a representative sample of Australian adults (N = 4872) to explore how diverse behavioural, individual, and contextual characteristics influence behavioural maintenance. Participants were asked to rate how frequently they performed 11 water-saving behaviours. Using generalised linear mixed models, we compared behavioural and individual-level factors that differentiated between behaviours that were maintained (performed ‘often’ or ‘always’) and those discontinued (‘I used to but not anymore’). Factors associated with maintenance measured at the level of behaviour were context stability, stronger community perceptions of uptake (specific social norms), and lower community perceptions of physical effort. Factors associated with maintenance measured at the level of the individual included environmental identity, general water-saving social norms, water literacy, life satisfaction, presence of water-saving devices in home, experience of water restrictions, and living in an area with lower rainfall patterns. These findings indicate that the importance of behavioural, psychosocial, and contextual factors on maintenance of water saving behaviours and highlight diverse opportunities to intervene to strengthen community capacity to maintain these behaviours.

Published
2021

25. Environmental Management in the Peri-urban Region : Psychological and Contextual Factors Influencing Private Land Conservation Actions

Author

Uebel, Konrad, Rhodes, Jonathan, Wilson, Kerrie A., Dean, Angela J., Uebel, Konrad, Rhodes, Jonathan, Wilson, Kerrie A., and Dean, Angela J.

Abstract

Peri-urban areas, defined as the region between urban and rural settlements, are heterogeneous, dynamic regions experiencing rapid land use change in cities around the world. Ongoing development and land use change has resulted in the fragmentation, degradation and loss of natural assets, threatening biodiversity, and ecosystems within the peri-urban region. With much of this land privately owned, the actions of landholders have considerable opportunity to deliver environmental outcomes, yet an understanding of this diverse group of landholders is challenging. Through a survey of landholders (N = 184) in Australian peri-urban regions we sought to understand motivations and barriers to engagement in environmental management. Factors influencing willingness to engage in environmental management included perceived personal capacity to act, feeling that actions were helpful, and community participation. We discuss how engagement strategies could incorporate these findings by focussing on improving capacity and environmental knowledge with hands on, face-to-face extension activities, encouraging simple actions, and fostering greater community interaction.

Published
2021

26. Psychosocial drivers of land management behaviour: How threats, norms, and context influence deforestation intentions

Author

Simmons, B. Alexander, Wilson, Kerrie A., Dean, Angela J., Simmons, B. Alexander, Wilson, Kerrie A., and Dean, Angela J.

Abstract

Understanding how private landholders make deforestation decisions is of paramount importance for conservation. Behavioural frameworks from the social sciences have a lot to offer researchers and practitioners, yet these insights remain underutilised in describing what drives landholders’ deforestation intentions under important political, social, and management contexts. Using survey data of private landholders in Queensland, Australia, we compare the ability of two popular behavioural models to predict future deforestation intentions, and propose a more integrated behavioural model of deforestation intentions. We found that the integrated model outperformed other models, revealing the importance of threat perceptions, attitudes, and social norms for predicting landholders’ deforestation intentions. Social capital, policy uncertainty, and years of experience are important contextual moderators of these psychological factors. We conclude with recommendations for promoting behaviour change in this deforestation hotspot and highlight how others can adopt similar approaches to illuminate more proximate drivers of environmental behaviours in other contexts.

Published
2021

27. 'Taking action for the Reef?' - Australians do not connect Reef conservation with individual climate-related actions

Author

Dean, Angela J., Gulliver, Robyn E., Wilson, Kerrie A., Dean, Angela J., Gulliver, Robyn E., and Wilson, Kerrie A.

Abstract

Climate change is the most significant threat to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). While Australians express appreciation and concern for the GBR, it is not clear whether they connect climate-related action with reef conservation. An online survey of 4,285 Australians asked “…what types of actions could people like you do that would be helpful for the GBR?” Only 4.1% mentioned a specific action related to mitigating climate change; another 3.8% mentioned climate change but no specific action. The most common responses related to reducing plastic pollution (25.6%). These findings demonstrate that most Australians have poor capacity to identify individual climate-related actions as helpful for reef protection, and that generic calls to action—such as “protect the reef”—are unlikely to elicit climate-related actions. As such, reef conservation initiatives must explicitly promote actions—in the home and in society—that reduce emissions and support the transition to a low carbon society.

Published
2021

28. Does scientific interest in the nature impacts of food align with consumer information-seeking behavior?

Author

Tulloch, Ayesha I.T., Miller, Alice, Dean, Angela J., Tulloch, Ayesha I.T., Miller, Alice, and Dean, Angela J.

Abstract

Global food supply has substantial impacts on nature including environmental degradation from chemicals, greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity loss through agricultural land conversion. Over the past decade, public demand for information on sustainable consumption choices has increased. Meanwhile, development and expansion of the life cycle assessment literature has improved scientific evidence on supply chain impacts on the environment. However, data gaps and biases lead to uncertainty and undermine development of effective impact mitigation actions or behavior change policies. This study evaluates whether scientific research into the nature-related impacts of agri-food systems aligns with the needs of the public, as indicated by patterns of information seeking. We compare the relative volume of public Google queries to scientific articles related to agri-food systems and three major impacts: chemical pollution, greenhouse gas emissions or biodiversity loss. We discover that biodiversity is systematically overlooked in scientific studies on agri-food system impacts in favor of research on emissions and to a lesser extent chemical impacts. In contrast, total relative volumes of public queries on agri-food systems and biodiversity equal those for emissions impacts at global and Australian scales. Public interest in biodiversity impacts of agri-food systems increased significantly between 2009 and 2019, despite no significant change in the relative volume of biodiversity-focused scientific articles. Global public attention on chemical impacts declined significantly over this time period, with no significant change in the relative representation of this topic in scientific outputs. We recommend strategic investment into the biodiversity impacts of agri-food systems to build a knowledge base that allows the public to learn about the impacts of their choices and be inspired to change to more sustainable behaviors.

Published
2021

29. The potential for applying 'Nonviolent Communication' in conservation science

Author

Williams, Brooke, Simmons, B. Alexander, Ward, Michelle, Beher, Jutta, Dean, Angela J., Nou, Tida, Kenyon, Tania M., Davey, Madeline, Melton, Courtney B., Stewart-Sinclair, Phoebe J., Hammond, Niall L., Massingham, Emily, Klein, Carissa J., Williams, Brooke, Simmons, B. Alexander, Ward, Michelle, Beher, Jutta, Dean, Angela J., Nou, Tida, Kenyon, Tania M., Davey, Madeline, Melton, Courtney B., Stewart-Sinclair, Phoebe J., Hammond, Niall L., Massingham, Emily, and Klein, Carissa J.

Abstract

The role of a conservation scientist has never been more challenging. Amidst the rapid degradation occurring across Earth's natural ecosystems and the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services, conservation scientists must learn new and effective ways to build trust and engage with the wider community. Here, we discuss the potential utility of a particular communication technique, Nonviolent Communication (also known as Compassionate Communication or Collaborative Communication), in conservation science. Nonviolent Communication is a structured form of communication, developed in the 1960s by Dr. Marshall Rosenberg, that seeks to foster interpersonal understanding and connection through communication of judgment-free observations, recognition of people's feelings, needs and values, and requests for specific actions to meet those needs. It has delivered positive outcomes in diverse fields such as prisoner reform, health science, and social work, and holds great promise for conservation applications. While there is no single communication strategy that resonates with all people, we argue that Nonviolent Communication could be used by conservation scientists and practitioners when communicating with colleagues, politicians, and the general public about important and sometimes contentious environmental issues.

Published
2021

30. Femtojoule, Femtosecond, All-Optical Switching in Integrated Lithium Niobate Photonics

Author

Guo, Qiushi, Sekine, Ryoto, Ledezma, Luis, Dean, Devin J., Nehra, Rajveer, Roy, Arkadev, Marandi, Alireza, Guo, Qiushi, Sekine, Ryoto, Ledezma, Luis, Dean, Devin J., Nehra, Rajveer, Roy, Arkadev, and Marandi, Alireza

Abstract

We introduce and demonstrate an integrated nonlinear splitter in quasi-phase matched lithium niobate nanophotonic waveguide featuring femtojoule all-optical switching with instantaneous response and 8.5 dB extinction, opening opportunities for on-chip ultrafast energy-efficient all-optical information processing.

Published
2021

31. Psychosocial drivers of land management behaviour: How threats, norms, and context influence deforestation intentions.

Author

Simmons, B Alexander, Simmons, B Alexander, Wilson, Kerrie A, Dean, Angela J, Simmons, B Alexander, Simmons, B Alexander, Wilson, Kerrie A, and Dean, Angela J

Abstract

Understanding how private landholders make deforestation decisions is of paramount importance for conservation. Behavioural frameworks from the social sciences have a lot to offer researchers and practitioners, yet these insights remain underutilised in describing what drives landholders' deforestation intentions under important political, social, and management contexts. Using survey data of private landholders in Queensland, Australia, we compare the ability of two popular behavioural models to predict future deforestation intentions, and propose a more integrated behavioural model of deforestation intentions. We found that the integrated model outperformed other models, revealing the importance of threat perceptions, attitudes, and social norms for predicting landholders' deforestation intentions. Social capital, policy uncertainty, and years of experience are important contextual moderators of these psychological factors. We conclude with recommendations for promoting behaviour change in this deforestation hotspot and highlight how others can adopt similar approaches to illuminate more proximate drivers of environmental behaviours in other contexts.

Published
2021

33. Analysis of an obstetrics point-of-care ultrasound training program for healthcare practitioners in Zanzibar, Tanzania.

Author

Hall, Elizabeth A, Matilsky, Danielle, Zang, Rachel, Hase, Naomasa, Habibu Ali, Ali, Henwood, Patricia C, Dean, Anthony J, Hall, Elizabeth A, Matilsky, Danielle, Zang, Rachel, Hase, Naomasa, Habibu Ali, Ali, Henwood, Patricia C, and Dean, Anthony J

Abstract

BACKGROUND: A point-of-care ultrasound education program in obstetrics was developed to train antenatal healthcare practitioners in rural Zanzibar. The study group consisted of 13 practitioners with different training backgrounds: physicians, clinical officers, and nurse/midwives. Trainees received an intensive 2-week antenatal ultrasound course consisting of lectures and hands-on practice followed by 6 months of direct supervision of hands-on scanning and bedside education in their clinical practice environments. Trainees were given a pre-course written exam, a final exam at course completion, and practical exams at 19 and 27 weeks. Trainees were expected to complete written documentation and record ultrasound images of at least 75 proctored ultrasounds. The objective of this study was prospectively to analyze the success of a longitudinal point-of-care ultrasound training program for antepartum obstetrical care providers in Zanzibar. RESULTS: During the 6-month course, trainees completed 1338 ultrasound exams (average 99 exams per trainee with a range of 42-128 and median of 109). Written exam scores improved from a mean of 33.7% (95% CI 28.6-38.8%) at pre-course assessment to 77.5% (95% CI 71-84%) at course completion (P < 0.0001). Practical exam mean scores improved from 71.2% at course midpoint (95% CI 62.3-80.1%) to 84.7% at course completion (95% Cl 78.5-90.8%) (P < 0.0005). Eight of the 13 trainees completed all training requirements including 75 proctored ultrasound exams. CONCLUSION: Trainees improved significantly on all measures after the training program. 62% of the participants completed all requirements. This relatively low completion rate reflects the challenges of establishing ultrasound capacity in this type of setting. Further study is needed to determine trainees' long-term retention of ultrasound skills and the impact of the program on clinical practice and health outcomes.

Published
2021

34. Early hemodynamic assessment using NICOM in patients at risk of developing Sepsis immediately after emergency department triage.

Author

Chukwulebe, Steve B, Gaieski, David F, Bhardwaj, Abhishek, Mulugeta-Gordon, Lakeisha, Shofer, Frances S, Dean, Anthony J, Chukwulebe, Steve B, Gaieski, David F, Bhardwaj, Abhishek, Mulugeta-Gordon, Lakeisha, Shofer, Frances S, and Dean, Anthony J

Abstract

BACKGROUND: One factor leading to the high mortality rate seen in sepsis is the subtle, dynamic nature of the disease, which can lead to delayed detection and under-resuscitation. This study investigated whether serial hemodynamic parameters obtained from a non-invasive cardiac output monitor (NICOM) predicts disease severity in patients at risk for sepsis. METHODS: Prospective clinical trial of the NICOM device in a convenience sample of adult ED patients at risk for sepsis who did not have obvious organ dysfunction at the time of triage. Hemodynamic data were collected immediately following triage and 2 hours after initial measurement and compared in two outcome groupings: (1) admitted vs. dehydrated, febrile, hypovolemicdischarged patients; (2) infectious vs. non-infectious sources. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to determine whether the NICOM values predict hospital admission better than a serum lactate. RESULTS: 50 patients were enrolled, 32 (64 %) were admitted to the hospital. Mean age was 49.5 (± 16.5) years and 62 % were female. There were no significant associations between changes in hemodynamic variables and patient disposition from the ED or diagnosis of infection. Lactate was significantly higher in admitted patients and those with infection (p = 0.01, p = 0.01 respectively). The area under the ROC [95 % Confidence Intervals] for lactate was 0.83 [0.64-0.92] compared to 0.59 [0.41-0.73] for cardiac output (CO), 0.68 [0.49-0.80] for cardiac index (CI), and 0.63 [0.36-0.80] for heart rate (HR) for predicting hospital admission. CONCLUSIONS: CO and CI, obtained at two separate time points, do not help with early disease severity differentiation of patients at risk for severe sepsis. Although mean HR was higher in those patients who were admitted, a serum lactate still served as a better predictor of patient admission from the ED.

Published
2021

39. Analyzing procedural equity in government-led community-based forest management

Author

Friedman, Rachel S., Rhodes, Jonathan R., Dean, Angela J., Law, Elizabeth A., Santika, Truly, Budiharta, Sugeng, Hutabarat, Joseph A., Indrawan, Tito P., Kusworo, Ahmad, Meijaard, Erik, St. John, Freya A.V., Struebig, Matthew J., Wilson, Kerrie A., Friedman, Rachel S., Rhodes, Jonathan R., Dean, Angela J., Law, Elizabeth A., Santika, Truly, Budiharta, Sugeng, Hutabarat, Joseph A., Indrawan, Tito P., Kusworo, Ahmad, Meijaard, Erik, St. John, Freya A.V., Struebig, Matthew J., and Wilson, Kerrie A.

Abstract

Participatory approaches to forest management have been promoted as a means of returning rights historically removed, and as a way of managing natural resources sustainably, fairly, and to improve livelihoods in communities. Top-down models of community-based forest management take the perspective that if people feel ownership over, have a voice in decisions about, and can benefit from surrounding ecosystems, then they will be motivated to maintain and protect them. However, even participatory approaches, such as community-based forest management, may not always result in clear positive outcomes for involvement in decision making and forest conservation. We examine whether an Indonesian government initiative for community-based forest management was positively associated with community members' participation in local decision making and support for conservation and sustainable management of forest resources, in the context of state-owned lands. We used household questionnaire data to compare villages with and without a community forest, and community forests over time in a case study region of West Kalimantan. Analyzing forest visitations, conservation support, and indicators of procedural equity, we found no consistent association between having a community forest and higher levels of participation in decision making or household support for forest conservation. However, well-being indicators were positively associated with more active participation. The level of support for forest conservation was also positively related to households' leadership in village institutions and higher levels of well-being, particularly subjective well-being, land tenure, and material wealth. These social-demographic factors are important considerations when designing and implementing community-based forest management, which strives for fair and just decision-making processes along with forest conservation. The findings highlight how existing socioeconomic contexts factor into local

Published
2020

40. Program awareness, social capital, and perceptions of trees influence participation in private land conservation programs in Queensland, Australia

Author

Simmons, B. Alexander, Archibald, Carla L., Wilson, Kerrie A., Dean, Angela J., Simmons, B. Alexander, Archibald, Carla L., Wilson, Kerrie A., and Dean, Angela J.

Abstract

Voluntary private land conservation (PLC) is becoming an increasingly important complement to state protected areas around the world. PLC programs can serve as valuable strategies to increase biodiversity on agricultural lands, but their effectiveness depends on high participation rates. Amidst growing concerns regarding scalability and effectiveness of conservation strategies like national parks, researchers and practitioners are looking for new strategies to increase adoption of PLC. This study investigates the demographic, social, and psychological factors associated with participation in three classes of voluntary PLC programs—grant payments, land management agreements, and covenants—and how this relates to landholders’ attitudes toward tree clearing. We compare participation rates between these programs in Queensland and identify the most frequently cited reasons why land managers have or have not participated. Land managers who are more involved in agricultural organizations and whose tree clearing decisions are more influenced by the aesthetic value of trees are more likely to have participated in one or more of these programs. Participation was highly biased toward once-off grant payments, and participation in covenants was lowest of all programs. Although 58% of land managers have never participated, nearly half expressed interest in one or more programs. A lack of program knowledge and perceived losses of autonomy were the most frequently cited barriers to participation. We conclude with recommendations for increasing participation rates and raise important questions that need to be answered in order to promote a PLC culture that effectively curbs ongoing habitat degradation.

Published
2020

41. A decade of monitoring Atlantic cod Gadus morhua spawning aggregations in Massachusetts Bay using passive acoustics

Author

Caiger, Paul E., Dean, Micah J., DeAngelis, Annamaria I., Hatch, Leila, Rice, Aaron N., Stanley, Jenni A., Tholke, Chris, Zemeckis, Douglas R., Van Parijs, Sofie M., Caiger, Paul E., Dean, Micah J., DeAngelis, Annamaria I., Hatch, Leila, Rice, Aaron N., Stanley, Jenni A., Tholke, Chris, Zemeckis, Douglas R., and Van Parijs, Sofie M.

Abstract

© The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Caiger, P. E., Dean, M. J., DeAngelis, A. I., Hatch, L. T., Rice, A. N., Stanley, J. A., Tholke, C., Zemeckis, D. R., & Van Parijs, S. M. A decade of monitoring Atlantic cod Gadus morhua spawning aggregations in Massachusetts Bay using passive acoustics. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 635, (2020): 89-103, doi:10.3354/meps13219., Atlantic cod Gadus morhua populations in the northeast USA have failed to recover since major declines in the 1970s and 1990s. To rebuild these stocks, managers need reliable information on spawning dynamics in order to design and implement control measures; discovering cost-effective and non-invasive monitoring techniques is also favorable. Atlantic cod form dense, site-fidelic spawning aggregations during which they vocalize, permitting acoustic detection of their presence at such times. The objective of this study was to detect spawning activity of Atlantic cod using multiple fixed-station passive acoustic recorders to sample across Massachusetts Bay during the winter spawning period. A generalized linear modeling approach was used to investigate spatio-temporal trends of cod vocalizing over 10 consecutive winter spawning seasons (2007-2016), the longest such timeline of any passive acoustic monitoring of a fish species. The vocal activity of Atlantic cod was associated with diel, lunar, and seasonal cycles, with a higher probability of occurrence at night, during the full moon, and near the end of November. Following 2009 and 2010, there was a general decline in acoustic activity. Furthermore, the northwest corner of Stellwagen Bank was identified as an important spawning location. This project demonstrated the utility of passive acoustic monitoring in determining the presence of an acoustically active fish species, and provides valuable data for informing the management of this commercially, culturally, and ecologically important species., Thanks to Eli Bonnell, Genevieve Davis, Julianne Bonell, Samara Haver, and Eric Matzen for assistance in MARU deployments, Dana Gerlach and Heather Heenehan for help in passive acoustic data analysis, and the NEFSC passive acoustics group for useful discussions. Funding for 2007−2012 passive acoustic surveys was provided by Excelerate Energy and Neptune LNG to Cornell University. Fieldwork for 2013−2015 was funded through the 2013−2014 NOAA Saltonstall-Kennedy grant program (Award No. NA14NMF4270027), and jointly funded by The Nature Conservancy, Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries, and the Cabot Family Charitable Foundation. Funding for 2016 SoundTrap data was provided by NOAA’s Ocean Acoustics Program (4 Sanctuaries Project).

Published
2020

42. Identifying the distribution of Atlantic cod spawning using multiple fixed and glider-mounted acoustic technologies

Author

Zemeckis, Douglas R., Dean, Micah J., DeAngelis, Annamaria I., Van Parijs, Sofie M., Hoffman, William S., Baumgartner, Mark F., Hatch, Leila, Cadrin, Steven X., McGuire, Christopher H., Zemeckis, Douglas R., Dean, Micah J., DeAngelis, Annamaria I., Van Parijs, Sofie M., Hoffman, William S., Baumgartner, Mark F., Hatch, Leila, Cadrin, Steven X., and McGuire, Christopher H.

Abstract

© The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Zemeckis, D. R., Dean, M. J., DeAngelis, A. I., Van Parijs, S. M., Hoffman, W. S., Baumgartner, M. F., Hatch, L. T., Cadrin, S. X., & McGuire, C. H. Identifying the distribution of Atlantic cod spawning using multiple fixed and glider-mounted acoustic technologies. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 76(6), (2019): 1610-1625, doi: 10.1093/icesjms/fsz064., Effective fishery management measures to protect fish spawning aggregations require reliable information on the spatio-temporal distribution of spawning. Spawning closures have been part of a suite of fishery management actions to rebuild the Gulf of Maine stock of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), but difficulties remain with managing rebuilding. The objective of this study was to identify the spatial and temporal distribution of cod spawning during winter in Massachusetts Bay to improve our understanding of cod spawning dynamics and inform fisheries management. Spawning was investigated in collaboration with commercial fishermen during three winter spawning seasons (October 2013–March 2016) using acoustic telemetry and passive acoustic monitoring equipment deployed in fixed-station arrays and mounted on mobile autonomous gliders. Tagged cod exhibited spawning site fidelity and spawning primarily occurred from early November through January with a mid-December peak and some inter-annual variability. The spatial distribution of spawning was generally consistent among years with multiple hotspots in areas >50 m depth. Current closures encompass most of spawning, but important areas are recommended for potential modifications. Utilizing multiple complementary technologies and deployment strategies in collaboration with commercial fishermen enabled a comprehensive description of spawning and provides a valuable model for future studies., Year 1 was jointly funded by The Nature Conservancy and Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries. The remainder of this research was funded through the 2013–2014 NOAA Saltonstall Kennedy grant program (Award No. NA14NMF4270027) with additional support from the Nature Conservancy and Cabot Family Charitable Foundation.

Published
2020

43. Landholder typologies illuminate pathways for social change in a deforestation hotspot

Author

Simmons, B. Alexander, Wilson, Kerrie A., Dean, Angela J., Simmons, B. Alexander, Wilson, Kerrie A., and Dean, Angela J.

Abstract

Psychosocial factors determine individual and collective behaviours, and there is growing evidence of their influence on land management behaviours. Native vegetation management encompasses biophysical, economic, political, and cultural dimensions that are immensely complex, and a more thorough understanding of the personal and cultural dimensions of deforestation activity is required. We emphasise this interdisciplinary imperative using Queensland, Australia, as an exemplar case study, where the controversial Vegetation Management Act 1999 has been met with significant scrutiny over its effects on private landholders and its ability to curb deforestation behaviours. We surveyed landholders across Queensland in order to identify different landholder typologies based upon (1) their recent tree clearing behaviours and (2) their psychosocial characteristics, mapped their distribution in the landscape, and determined the unique demographic and psychosocial factors associated with typology membership. We identified a heterogeneous mosaic of landholders in the clearing landscape, composed of four clearing typologies and five psychosocial typologies. Social norms, identity, trust, and security played crucial roles in distinguishing different types of landholders. The two most contrasting clearing typologies—active and inactive clearers—were primarily located in hot- and cold-spots of deforestation, respectively; in contrast, most psychosocial typologies could be found throughout the landscape, highlighting the potential benefit of complementing generalised state-wide psychosocial targets with localised behavioural targets. We discuss how conservation policy instruments can be regionally tailored, and relevant strategies for effective communication and engagement can be developed to create behaviour change by understanding the characteristics and distribution of these types of landholders. If modified top-down efforts (e.g. strategic messages, community-based communicati

Published
2020

44. From climate change to pandemics: decision science can help scientists have impact

Author

Baker, Christopher M., Campbell, Patricia T., Chades, Iadine, Dean, Angela J., Hester, Susan M., Holden, Matthew H., McCaw, James M., McVernon, Jodie, Moss, Robert, Shearer, Freya M., Possingham, Hugh P., Baker, Christopher M., Campbell, Patricia T., Chades, Iadine, Dean, Angela J., Hester, Susan M., Holden, Matthew H., McCaw, James M., McVernon, Jodie, Moss, Robert, Shearer, Freya M., and Possingham, Hugh P.

Abstract

Scientific knowledge and advances are a cornerstone of modern society. They improve our understanding of the world we live in and help us navigate global challenges including emerging infectious diseases, climate change and the biodiversity crisis. For any scientist, whether they work primarily in fundamental knowledge generation or in the applied sciences, it is important to understand how science fits into a decision-making framework. Decision science is a field that aims to pinpoint evidence-based management strategies. It provides a framework for scientists to directly impact decisions or to understand how their work will fit into a decision process. Decision science is more than undertaking targeted and relevant scientific research or providing tools to assist policy makers; it is an approach to problem formulation, bringing together mathematical modelling, stakeholder values and logistical constraints to support decision making. In this paper we describe decision science, its use in different contexts, and highlight current gaps in methodology and application. The COVID-19 pandemic has thrust mathematical models into the public spotlight, but it is one of innumerable examples in which modelling informs decision making. Other examples include models of storm systems (eg. cyclones, hurricanes) and climate change. Although the decision timescale in these examples differs enormously (from hours to decades), the underlying decision science approach is common across all problems. Bridging communication gaps between different groups is one of the greatest challenges for scientists. However, by better understanding and engaging with the decision-making processes, scientists will have greater impact and make stronger contributions to important societal problems.

Published
2020
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45. Globular Multicategories with Homomorphism Types

Author

Dean, Christopher J. and Dean, Christopher J.

Abstract

We introduce a notion of globular multicategory with homomorphism types. These structures arise when organizing collections of "higher category-like" objects such as type theories with identity types. We show how these globular multicategories can be used to construct various weak higher categorical structures of types and terms., Comment: 25 pages

Published
2020

46. Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative sars-cov-2 infection: An international cohort study

Author

Almaadany, F. S., Samadov, E., Namazov, I., Jafarova, S., Ramshorst, G. H. V., Pattyn, P., Desender, L., Gheldere, C. A. D., Duchateau, N., Mihanovic, J., Sulen, N., Andabaka, T., Rakvin, I., Bakmaz, B., Smith, H. G., Jonsson, M. L., Kassas, M. E., Tawheed, A., Shehata, S., Ashoush, F. M., Abdelaal, A. S., Elfiky, M. M. A., Emile, S. H., Elfallal, A. H., Elfeki, H., Shalaby, M., Alrahawy, M. M., Sallam, I., Amira, G., Sherief, A., Sherief, M., Lakkis, Z., Doussot, A., Turco, C., Heyd, B., Mathieu, P., Chebaro, A., Lecolle, K., Zerbib, P., Truant, S., Saudemont, A., Pruvot, F. -R., Arnaud, A. P., Bergeat, D., Merdrignac, A., Scalabre, A., Roy, B. L., Perotto, O., Tzedakis, S., Gaujoux, S., Dousset, B., Moszkowicz, D., Bretagnol, F., Hervieux, E., Maisonneuve, E., Clermidi, P., Aubry, E., Thomin, A., Seguin-Givelet, A., Zadegan, F., Conso, C., Ollat, D., Kamphues, C., Lauscher, J. C., Schineis, C., Schnitzbauer, A. A., Thoenissen, P., Youzouri, H. E., Schreckenbach, T., Nguyen, T. A., Modabber, A., Holzle, F., Winnand, P., Konigsrainer, A., Quante, M., Yurttas, C., Loffler, M. W., Klimopoulos, S., Tzovaras, G., Baloyiannis, I., Perivoliotis, K., Lostoridis, E., Tourountzi, P., Marchi, J. A. D., Farrell, T., Davis, N. F., Kearney, D., Larkin, J. O., Mohan, H. M., Mehigan, B. J., Fahey, B. A., Barry, C. P., Elliott, J. A., Bass, G. A., Connelly, T. M., Kavanagh, D. O., Elkady, R., Neary, P. C., Ridgway, P. F., Joyce, D. P., Tierney, S., Boyle, E., Egan, B., Lowery, A. J., Collins, C. G., Hogan, A., Mckevitt, K. L., Ryan, E. J., Fowler, A. L., Aherne, T. M., Nizami, K., Walsh, S., Zmora, O., Kugler, N., Falco, G., Ruiz, C. C., Mele, S., Annessi, V., Ferrari, G., Montella, M. T., Mariani, N. M., Ceretti, A. P., Lomiento, D., Taglietti, L., Giudice, R. D., Compagnoni, B., Dester, S., Granieri, S., Cotsoglou, C., Campagnaro, T., Turri, G., Guglielmi, A., Ruzzenente, A., Pedrazzani, C., Salvia, R., Paiella, S., Nobile, S., Marino, M. V., Mirabella, A., Vaccarella, G., Francone, E., Gentilli, S., Nikaj, H., Morelli, L., Franco, G. D., Palmeri, M., Tartaglia, D., Coccolini, F., Chiarugi, M., Anania, G., Chiozza, M., Urbani, A., Podda, M., Pisanu, A., Porcu, A., Perra, T., Fancellu, A., Familiari, P., D'Andrea, G., Bambina, F., Fiore, M., Macchi, A., Citterio, D., Mosca, A., Martinelli, F., Rolli, L., Guaglio, M., Comini, L. V., Capizzi, V., Mazzaferro, V., Cozza, V., Gordini, L., Lombardi, Celestino Pio, Simone, V. D., Marzi, F., Marra, A. A., Baldini, E., Conti, L., Ribolla, M., Isolani, S. M., Capelli, P., Spinelli, A., Carvello, M., Candido, F. D., Kurihara, H., Marrano, E., Torzilli, G., Castoro, C., Roit, A. D., Mercante, G., Spriano, G., Gaino, F., De Virgilio, A., Bonavina, L., Asti, E., Feo, C. V., Fabbri, N., Righini, E., Di Saverio, S., Scorza, A., Iovino, D., Carcano, G., Baldi, C., Sampietro, G. M., Corbellini, C., Cellerino, P., Zappa, M. A., Ardito, A., Galfrascoli, E., Iacob, G., Zanini, N. C., Palini, G., Garulli, G., Ballabio, M., Bisagni, P., Pizzini, P., Gagliano, A., Armao, T., Longhi, M., Madonini, M., Luraghi, M., Galimberti, L., Romano, S., Bastazza, M., Trotta, F., Gipponi, M., Malabarba, S., Centinaio, G., Mochet, S., Usai, A., Grivon, M., Barmasse, R., Sagnotta, A. S., Marino, L. M. P., Galleano, R., Malerba, M., Baldo, S., Ligure, P., Casati, M., Abate, E., Laface, L., Brianza, C., Lizzi, V., Vovola, F., Arminio, A., Vergari, R., Rausa, E., Bianco, F., Lucianetti, A., Guaitoli, E., Pinotti, E., Carissimi, F., Montuori, M., Baronio, G., Campanelli, M., Sica, G. S., Siragusa, L. S., Lapolla, P., Mingoli, A., Toma, G. D., Fiori, E., Torre, F. L., Sapienza, P., Brachini, G., Cirillo, B., Iannone, I., Zambon, M., Chiappini, A., Meneghini, S., Fonsi, G. B., Cicerchia, P. M., Bruzzaniti, P., Santoro, A., Bartolomeo, A. D., Sasia, D., Gattolin, A., Rottoli, M., Ravaioli, M., Schiavina, R., Solli, P., Frio, F., Neri, J., Poggioli, G., Belvedere, A., Pezzuto, A. P., Parlanti, D., Violante, T., Tonini, V., Cervellera, M., Sartarelli, L., Giacometti, M., Zonta, S., Ferrara, F., Stella, M. M., Gobatti, D., Costanzi, A., Confalonieri, M., Colletti, G., Frattaruolo, C., Mari, G. M., Monteleone, M., Candiani, M., Bonavina, G., Valsecchi, L., Ottolina, J., Mortini, P., Gagliardi, F., Piloni, M., Medone, M., Carlucci, M., Negri, G., Bandiera, A., Nardi, P. D., Elmore, U., Sileri, P., Lisi, G., Carlini, M., Spoletini, D., Giuffrida, M. C., Borghi, F., Rosato, F., Puppo, A., D'Agruma, M., Marano, A., Testa, V., Peluso, C., Barra, F., Ferrero, S., Gustavino, C., Gallo, G., Sammarco, G., Trompetto, M., Vescio, G., Fontana, T., Al-Masri, M., Chaar, M. K. A., Al-Najjar, H., Maadany, F. S. A., Nasef, E., Elkhafeefi, F., Eljareh, M., Bouhuwaish, A. E. M., Taher, A. S. A., Yousuf, F. B., Morgom, M. M., Salamah, A. A., Salama, H. A., Bulugma, M. R., Alvarez, M. R., Gisbertz, S. S., Borgstein, A. B. J., Henegouwen, M. I. V. B., Leclercq, W. K. G., Uittenbogaart, M., Kruijff, S., De Vries, J. -P. P. M., Van Der Plas, W. Y., Steinkamp, P. J., Jonker, P. K. C., Konsten, J., Van Heinsbergen, M., Anwer, M., Santos-Sousa, H., Cavaleiro, S., Leite-Moreira, A. M., Pereira, A., Pereira-Neves, A., Faria, C. S., Monteiro, J. M., Nogueiro, J., Sampaio-Alves, M., Maia, M. M., Vieira, P., Lazaro, A., Martins, R., Oliveira, A., Costa, M., Almeida, A. C., Serralheiro, P. A., Teles, T., Borges, F., Lima, M. J., Costa, P. M., Henriques, S., Vivas, A. A., Vega, V. A., Navarro-Sanchez, A., Lozano, S. M., Fernandez-Pacheco, B. C., Bernal-Sprekelsen, J. C., Perez, C. M., Bauset, J. C. C., Rodriguez, V. T., Morales, X., Gracia, I., Pujol-Muncunill, R., De Lacy, F. B., Muguerza, J. M., Dziakova, J., Pueblo, C. S. D., Avellana, R. B., Catalan, V., Picazo, S., Fernandez, A. G., Romera, J. L., Galocha, J. L. G., Rojo, M., Torres, A. J., Rivas, A. M., Camarero, E., Saez, C., Antonanzas, L. L., De Andres-Asenjo, B., De Heredia, J. B., Fernandez, A. V., Trujillo-Diaz, J., Ruiz-Soriano, M., Minaya-Bravo, A., Mendez, C. S. M., Galvan-Perez, A., Robin-Valle, A., Gonzalez-Gonzalez, E., Calcerrada-Alises, E., Garcia-Urena, M. A., Carrasco, M., Gimenez, C., Medina, E., Fernandez, A. J., Ruiz-Marin, M., Estaire-Gomez, M., Martinez-Depaz, F., Sanchez-Pelaez, D., Jimenez-Higuera, E., Martinez-Pinedo, C., Picon-Rodriguez, R., Fernandez-Camunas, A., Padilla-Valverde, D., Rey-Valcarcel, C., Perez-Diaz, M. D., Fernandez-Martinez, M., Martin-Roman, L., Gomez, M. F., Rio-Gomez, J., Tousidonis, M., Alonso-Ortuno, P., Ayuso-Herrera, E., Martin-Albo, L., Aragon-Chamizo, J., Lowy-Benoliel, A., Quintana-Villamandos, B., Sanchez-Perez, C., Mateo-Sierra, O., Corral, J., Caballero, A., Zarate, A., Diez-Alonso, M. M., Mendoza-Moreno, F., Mansilla, C. V., Ruiz-Grande, F., Hernandez-Juara, P., Blazquez-Martin, A., Montesinos, C. S., Diaz, C. J. G., Guariglia, C. A., Fructuoso, L. S., Osorio, A. L., Font, R. F., Ormazabal, P. C., Mora-Guzman, I., Gonzalez, J. S., Perez, D. D., Samaniego, M. G., Jara, P. G., Garcia, M. H., Ruiz, M. L., Fernandez, B. D., Delgado, M. G. -C., Poza, A. A., Mallen, V. D., Gracia-Roche, C., Martinez-German, A., Santero-Ramirez, M. -P., Matute-Najarro, M. -S., De Miguel-Ardevines, M. -C., Sanchez-Fuentes, M. -N., Saudi-Moro, S., Gascon-Ferrer, I., Herrero-Lopez, M., Delgado-Oliver, E., Sanchez-Rubio, M., Cantalejo-Diaz, M., Perez-Sanchez, L. E., Diaz-Garcia, A., Ramos, D., Barranquero, A. G., Ocana, J., Nunez, J., Cerro, C., Tejero-Pintor, F. J., Perez-Saborido, B., Marcos-Santos, P., Choolani-Bhojwani, E., Acebes-Garcia, F., Bueno-Canones, A. D., Pacheco-Sanchez, D., Cuadrado, M. B., Senent-Boza, A., Benitez-Linero, I., Ramallo-Solis, I., Sanchez-Arteaga, A., Melero-Cortes, L., Fernandez-Marin, R., Duran-Munoz-Cruzado, V. M., Gomez-Rosado, J. -C., Toro, M. D. D., Valdes-Hernandez, J., Reguera-Rosal, J., Capitan-Morales, L. -C., Oliva-Mompean, F., Sancho-Muriel, J., Cholewa, H., Flor, B., Landaluce-Olavarria, A., Miguel, M. G. -D., Cruzado, L. F. -G., Jimeno, J., Toledo, E., Pascual, A., Carrillo, M., Morales, D., Gomez, M., Rodriguez-Sanjuan, J. C., Aguilar, J., Baeza, M., Rey-Biel, J., Pingarron-Martin, L., Escartin, J., Laina, J. L. B., Pevidal, A. N., Enjuto, D. T., Ramos-Bonilla, A., Perez-Gonzalez, M., Diaz-Pena, P., Garces-Garcia, R., Salas, M. M. D., Cagigal-Ortega, E. P., Ali, O. M., Arigoni, M., Mongelli, F., Bernasconi, M., Giuseppe, M. D., Adamina, M., Peros, G., Aytac, E., Aliyeva, Z., Kara, Y., Bozkurt, M. A., Kocatas, A., Altintoprak, F., Gonullu, E., Mantoglu, B., Yildiz, A., Davies, R. J., Ashcroft, J., Baker, O. J., Byrne, M. H. V., Coughlin, P. A., Durst, A. Z. E., Georgiades, F., Habeeb, A., Hudson, V. E., Kolias, A., Luke, L., Mitrasinovic, S., Mohan, M., Murphy, S. H., Ngu, A. W. T., O'Neill, J. R., Ramzi, J., Rooney, S. M., Singh, A. A., Waseem, S., Wong, K., Lunevicius, R., Sheel, A. R. G., Jones, R. P., Nunes, Q. M., Hughes, J. L., Haq, I., Misra, N., Baig, M. M., Sundhu, M., Rossborough, C., Skelly, B. L., Neely, D. T. A., Angelou, D., Mccanny, A., Pachl, M. J., Martin, B., Sundar, S., Leung, E. Y., Vashisht, R., Bakri, N. A. C., Jiao, L. R., Nazarian, S., Warren, O. J., Kontovounisios, C., Grove, T., Vimalachandran, D., Manu, N., Eardley, N. J., Krishnan, E., Serevina, O. L., Martin, E., Povey, M. G., Jones, A. P., Smith, C., Mannan, S., Ayeni, F. A., Houston, R., Tustin, H., Rogers, L. J., Minto, G., Marchbank, A., Miller, D., Ho, B., Gohil, K., Labib, P. L., Emslie, K. M., Clough, E. C. S., Enemosah, I., Perkins, C., Rela, M., Panahi, P., Baker, M. P., Holme, T. J., Abbott, S. J., Bence, M. N., Razik, A., Osagie-Clouard, L., Holbrook, C. M., Kufeji, D., Chong, C., Hammond, J. S., Moir, J. A. G., Mcpherson, I., Booth, K., Patel, P. K., Kler, A., Handa, S., Kaushal, M. V., Redfern, J., Morgan, R., Maw, A., Gala, T., Abdelkarim, M., Asqalan, A., Ibrahim, S., Venkatesan, G. S., Caruana, E. J., Mohammad, A., Acharya, M., Rathinam, S., Nakas, A., Higgs, S., Brown, O. D., Boal, M., Dean, H., Stanger, S., Abdalaziz, H., Sayasneh, A., Najdy, M., Nath, R., Gautam, M., Fehervari, M., Spalding, D. R., Pai, M., Naumann, D. N., Kalkat, M., Syed, A., Alam, R., Tayeh, S., Chase, T. J. G., Ayorinde, J. O., Cuming, T., Ghanbari, A., Loubani, M., Aboelkassem-Ibrahim, A., Cao, H., Ross, E., Totty, J., Wilkins, A., Hitchman, L., Dixon, J. R., Dunning, J., Viswanath, Y. K. S., Lester, M. J. S., Bond-Smith, G., Lami, M., Tebala, G. D., Tucker, S. C., Shaw, A. V., Winter, S. C., Cernei, C., Qureshi, A., Belcher, E., Wallwork, K., Stavroulias, D., Di Chiara, F., Dare, O., Jeyaretna, D. S., Ganau, M., Chidambaram, S., Sravanam, S., Sinha, S., Smillie, R., Shah, K., Shankar, S., Dunstan, M., Beak, P., Gerogiannis, I., Jones, G. P., Gardner, A., Tripathi, S. S., Boddy, A. P., Hossain, T., Ashmore, C., Annamalai, S., Irvine, E., Kourdouli, A., Kirmani, B. H., Shackcloth, M. J., Harky, A., Stylianides, N. A., Abdalla, M. O., Newton, K., Bajomo, O. M., Rizvi, S., Darko, E., Saad, A. R., Li, Z., Motter, D., Hurt, L., Egan, R., Harries, R., Youssef, M. M. G., Evans, L., Chrastek, D., Kouritas, V., Shah, J., Anthoney, J., Amjad, R., Harrison, J., Mabrouk, I., Hebblethwaite, B., Emmerson, O., Bosch, K. D., Kalidindi, V., Bashkirova, V., Edwards, J. G., Rao, J. N., Hopkinson, D. N., Chetty, G., Forlani, S., Guha, S., Sherif, M., Giblin, A. -V., Lye, G., Whitehall, E., Blundell, C. M., Ward, A., Tadross, D., Wells, F., Majkowski, L., Townshend, D. N., Mills, S. J., Seymour, K., Shenfine, A., Mclarty, N., Kashora, F., Lewis, S. E., Ubhi, H. K., Exley, R., Singh, A., Basgaran, A., Bartsch, A. -M., Okechukwu, V., Basha, A., Barmpagianni, C., Gallagher, P., Khan, U., Maqsood, A., Shah, P., Saxena, S., Sahnan, K., Siddique, M. H., Leo, C. A., Zafar, N., Rollett, R. 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P., Hossain, T., Ashmore, C., Annamalai, S., Irvine, E., Kourdouli, A., Kirmani, B. H., Shackcloth, M. J., Harky, A., Stylianides, N. A., Abdalla, M. O., Newton, K., Bajomo, O. M., Rizvi, S., Darko, E., Saad, A. R., Li, Z., Motter, D., Hurt, L., Egan, R., Harries, R., Youssef, M. M. G., Evans, L., Chrastek, D., Kouritas, V., Shah, J., Anthoney, J., Amjad, R., Harrison, J., Mabrouk, I., Hebblethwaite, B., Emmerson, O., Bosch, K. D., Kalidindi, V., Bashkirova, V., Edwards, J. G., Rao, J. N., Hopkinson, D. N., Chetty, G., Forlani, S., Guha, S., Sherif, M., Giblin, A. -V., Lye, G., Whitehall, E., Blundell, C. M., Ward, A., Tadross, D., Wells, F., Majkowski, L., Townshend, D. N., Mills, S. J., Seymour, K., Shenfine, A., Mclarty, N., Kashora, F., Lewis, S. E., Ubhi, H. K., Exley, R., Singh, A., Basgaran, A., Bartsch, A. -M., Okechukwu, V., Basha, A., Barmpagianni, C., Gallagher, P., Khan, U., Maqsood, A., Shah, P., Saxena, S., Sahnan, K., Siddique, M. H., Leo, C. A., Zafar, N., Rollett, R. A., Collins, M. L., Tamimy, M. S., Riyat, H., Neil-Dwyer, J., Wen, J., Burnside, N., Weaver, H., Hawari, M., Addae-Boateng, E., Duffy, J. P., Dean, B. J. F., Luney, C. R., Sarveswaran, J., Patil, S., Ravindran, S., Scott, L., Michel, M., Toh, S., Ahmed, Y., Vijay, V., Shakir, T., Hasan, R., Tansey, R., Alanbuki, A., Patel, M., Shabana, A., Paisley, S., Khan, J. S., Griffiths, E. A., Kisiel, A. P., Kamal, M., Cato, L. D., Parente, A., Kulkarni, R., Saeed, S. A., Mak, J., Liew, I., Al-Sukaini, A., Saxena, D., Mediratta, S., Ali, I. A. M., Smith, A., Fell, A., English, C., Kristinsson, S., Goatly, G., Halkias, C., Evans, J., Glen, P., Al-Azzawi, M., Aitken, E., Mukherjee, S., Singh, S., English, W., Vulliamy, P., Karam, E., Chui, K., Mansuri, A., Sivayoganathan, S., Aaraj, M. A., El-Ali, A., Chowdhury, A. H., Worku, D., Hampton, M., Manson, J., Findlay, L., Majkowska, A., Brixton, G., Potter, R., De Souza, A. C., Rochon, M., Cannoletta, M., Bhalla, A., Daliya, P., Chia, Z., Pollok, J. M., Raptis, D. A., Davidson, B. R., Fusai, G. K., Xyda, S. E., Soggiu, F., Machairas, N., Bosanquet, D. C., Tang, A. M., Beamish, A. J., Nassa, H., Price, C., Williams, G., Magowan, D., Solari, F., Davies, E. J., Ryska, O., Hawkin, P., Raymond, T., Baron, R. D., Szatmary, P., Gahunia, S., Thomas, A. J., Dunne, D. F. J., Nita, G. E., Sochorova, D., Sivaprakasam, R., Venn, M. L., Ledesma, F. S. J., Thaha, M. A., Sullivan, T. B. B., Parry, J. T., Baumber, R., Archer, J. E., Odeh, A., Stewart, R., Ullah, R., Armstrong, L., Jones, M., Aljanadi, F., Moawad, N., Gregg, A., Jeganathan, R., Ferguson, H. J. M., Ramcharan, S., Yershov, D., Hopkins, J. C., Doe, M. J., Ambler, G. K., Lostis, E., Lawday, S., Babu, B. H., Liyanage, A. S. D., Weerasinghe, C. K., Blake, I., Sanders, J., Bueser, T., Curtis, M., Oo, A. Y., Abbott, T. E. F., Anwar, S., Sohrabi, C., Williams, K. J., Chung, E. A., Hagger, R., Karim, A., Hainsworth, A. J., Flatman, M., Hing, C. B., Trompeter, A., Lo, T., Wade, R. G., Bourke, G., Burke, J. R., Young, A. L., Wall, J. J. S., Johnstone, J. R., Peckham-Cooper, A., Elkadi, H. H., Kowal, M. R., Pompili, C., Ho, M. W. S., Kinross, J., Ibrahim, M. A. H., Abuown, A., Denning, M., Erridge, S., Yalamanchili, S., Martin, G., Hall, C., Hall, J. R. W., Baldwin, A. J., Gammeri, E., West, R., Wormald, J. C. R., Catton, A. B., Kudsk-Iversen, S., Kouris, S. M., Nugent, M., Lin, D. J., Kang, C., Scurrah, R. J., Rajgor, A. D., Steel, B., Day, A., Belgaumkar, A. P., Oyewole, B., Gilbert, C., Dass, D., Ford, D., Duff, S., Khan, A., Asaad, P., Brown, B. C., Jenkinson, M. D., Zakaria, R., Elmoslemany, T., Parmar, C., Mccluney, S. J., Shah, S., Kalavrezos, N., Sinha, D., Schilling, C., Tewari, N., Dunne, N. J. M., Carlos, W. J., Gill, C. K., Godbole, C., Dickson, K. E., Khajuria, A., Connolly, H., Naredla, P., Sarma, D. R., Robertson, S., Morris, C., Richards, T., Torkington, J., Williams, M., Shinkwin, M., Jayaraju, U., Singh, R. P., Aftab, R., Warwick, D., Khalefa, M. A., Hossain, F. S., Osman, K., Andreani, S. M., Bath, M. F., Sahni, A., Judkins, N., Springford, L. R., Wadley, M. S., Tyler, J., Wild, L., Wall, R., Jenner, E., Chamberlain, S., Thrush, J., Brain, J., Townsend, C., Stringer, S., Breckles, L., Flindall, I., Phenix, G., Thomas, K., Young, R., Macdonald, L., Green, S., Miu, V., Sheridan, K., Onos, L., Monson, J. R. T., Drake, F. T., Haqqani, M. H., Cooper, Z., Salim, A., Hirji, S. A., Brown, A. K., Chung, C., Hansen, L., Okafor, B. U., Roxo, V. I., Rice, H. E., Hwang, E. S., Blazer, D. G., Hall, B. J., Olson, S. A., Nehra, D., Cuschieri, J., Davidson, G. H., Walters, A. M., Nygaard, R. M., Colonna, E. T., Endorf, F. W., Meagher, A. D., Kinnaman, G., Mckenzie, K., Fretwell, K. R., Chan, J., Nugent, W. C., Chen, D., Stevens, K. A., Etchill, E. W., Jenny, H. E., Dehal, A., Kaafarani, H. M., Breen, K. A., Bankhead-Kendall, B. K., Alser, O., Mashbari, H. N., Velmahos, G. C., Chang, G., Dehart, D., Ourieff, J., Merola, S., Volpe, A., Podolsky, D., Coleman, N. L., Callahan, M., Brathwaite, C. E. M., Liu, H. H., Petrone, P., Baltazar, G., Hakmi, H., Sohail, A. H., Hazelton, J. P., Ssentongo, A. E., Ssentongo, P., Jamil, T., Al-Embideen, S., Seegert, S., Torquati, A., Bhama, A. R., Biffl, W. L., Schaffer, K. B., Marsh, C. L., Philp, M. M., Ross, H., Santora, T., Pathak, A., Sewards, J. M., Pontari, M., Engel, J. L., Giorgakis, E., Bhavaraju, A. V., Kalkwarf, K. J., Roberts, M., Robertson, R., Callcut, R. A., Canova, M. E., Suri, A., Velopulos, C. G., Carmichael, H., Mcintyre, R. C., Wright, F. L., Urban, S., Martin, R. C. G., Bhutiani, N., Diaz, J. J., Abdou, H., O'Meara, L. B., Richmond, M., Almasri, M., Marwan, H., Mehdi, M. Q., Kulkarni, G., Ban, V. S., Aoun, S. G., Batjer, H. H., Bhangu, A., Migliore, M., and Lombardi C. P. (ORCID:0000-0001-8910-6693)

Abstract

Background The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (740%) had emergency surgery and 280 (248%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (261%) patients. 30-day mortality was 238% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (512%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 380% (219 of 577), accounting for 817% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 175 [95% CI 128-240], p<00001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (230 [165-322], p<00001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3-5 versus grades 1-2 (235 [157-353], p<00001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (155 [101-239], p=0046), emergency versus elective surgery (167 [106-263], p=0026), and major versus minor surgery (152 [101-231], p=0047). Interpretation Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal

Published
2020

47. Multi-organ point-of-care ultrasound for COVID-19 (PoCUS4COVID): international expert consensus

Author

Hussain, Arif; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4143-0475, Via, Gabriele, Melniker, Lawrence, Goffi, Alberto, Tavazzi, Guido, Neri, Luca, Villen, Tomas, Hoppmann, Richard, Mojoli, Francesco, Noble, Vicki, Zieleskiewicz, Laurent, Blanco, Pablo, Ma, Irene W Y, Wahab, Mahathar Abd, Alsaawi, Abdulmohsen, Al Salamah, Majid, Balik, Martin, Barca, Diego, Bendjelid, Karim, Bouhemad, Belaid, Bravo-Figueroa, Pablo, Breitkreutz, Raoul, Calderon, Juan, Connolly, Jim, Copetti, Roberto, Corradi, Francesco, Dean, Anthony J, Denault, André, Govil, Deepak, Graci, Carmela, et al, Hussain, Arif; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4143-0475, Via, Gabriele, Melniker, Lawrence, Goffi, Alberto, Tavazzi, Guido, Neri, Luca, Villen, Tomas, Hoppmann, Richard, Mojoli, Francesco, Noble, Vicki, Zieleskiewicz, Laurent, Blanco, Pablo, Ma, Irene W Y, Wahab, Mahathar Abd, Alsaawi, Abdulmohsen, Al Salamah, Majid, Balik, Martin, Barca, Diego, Bendjelid, Karim, Bouhemad, Belaid, Bravo-Figueroa, Pablo, Breitkreutz, Raoul, Calderon, Juan, Connolly, Jim, Copetti, Roberto, Corradi, Francesco, Dean, Anthony J, Denault, André, Govil, Deepak, Graci, Carmela, and et al

Abstract

COVID-19 has caused great devastation in the past year. Multi-organ point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) including lung ultrasound (LUS) and focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS) as a clinical adjunct has played a significant role in triaging, diagnosis and medical management of COVID-19 patients. The expert panel from 27 countries and 6 continents with considerable experience of direct application of PoCUS on COVID-19 patients presents evidence-based consensus using GRADE methodology for the quality of evidence and an expedited, modified-Delphi process for the strength of expert consensus. The use of ultrasound is suggested in many clinical situations related to respiratory, cardiovascular and thromboembolic aspects of COVID-19, comparing well with other imaging modalities. The limitations due to insufficient data are highlighted as opportunities for future research.

Published
2020

48. Horizon scanning for invasive alien species with the potential to threaten biodiversity and human health on a Mediterranean island

Author

Peyton, Jodey, Martinou, Angeliki F., Pescott, Oliver L., Demetriou, Monica, Adriaens, Tim, Arianoutsou, Margarita, Bazos, Ioannis, Bean, Colin W., Booy, Olaf, Botham, Marc, Britton, J. Robert, Cervia, Javier Lobon, Charilaou, Pantelis, Chartosia, Niki, Dean, Hannah J., Delipetrou, Pinelopi, Dimitriou, Andreas C., Dorflinger, Gerald, Fawcett, Jim, Fyttis, Georgios, Galanidis, Alexandros, Galil, Bella, Hadjikyriakou, Thomas, Hadjistylli, Margarita, Ieronymidou, Christina, Jimenez, Carlos, Karachle, Paraskevi, Kassinis, Nikos, Kerametsidis, George, Kirschel, Alexander N.G., Kleitou, Periklis, Kleitou, Demetris, Manolaki, Paraskevi, Michailidis, Nikolas, Mountford, J. Owen, Nikolaou, Charis, Papatheodoulou, Athina, Payiatas, Giorgios, Ribeiro, Filipe, Rorke, Stephanie L., Samuel, Yianna, Savvides, Pantelis, Schafer, Stefanie M., Tarkan, Ali Serhan, Silva-Rocha, Iolanda, Top, Nildeniz, Tricarico, Elena, Turvey, Katharine, Tziortzis, Iakovos, Tzirkalli, Elli, Verreycken, Hugo, Winfield, Ian J., Zenetos, Argyro, Roy, Helen E., Peyton, Jodey, Martinou, Angeliki F., Pescott, Oliver L., Demetriou, Monica, Adriaens, Tim, Arianoutsou, Margarita, Bazos, Ioannis, Bean, Colin W., Booy, Olaf, Botham, Marc, Britton, J. Robert, Cervia, Javier Lobon, Charilaou, Pantelis, Chartosia, Niki, Dean, Hannah J., Delipetrou, Pinelopi, Dimitriou, Andreas C., Dorflinger, Gerald, Fawcett, Jim, Fyttis, Georgios, Galanidis, Alexandros, Galil, Bella, Hadjikyriakou, Thomas, Hadjistylli, Margarita, Ieronymidou, Christina, Jimenez, Carlos, Karachle, Paraskevi, Kassinis, Nikos, Kerametsidis, George, Kirschel, Alexander N.G., Kleitou, Periklis, Kleitou, Demetris, Manolaki, Paraskevi, Michailidis, Nikolas, Mountford, J. Owen, Nikolaou, Charis, Papatheodoulou, Athina, Payiatas, Giorgios, Ribeiro, Filipe, Rorke, Stephanie L., Samuel, Yianna, Savvides, Pantelis, Schafer, Stefanie M., Tarkan, Ali Serhan, Silva-Rocha, Iolanda, Top, Nildeniz, Tricarico, Elena, Turvey, Katharine, Tziortzis, Iakovos, Tzirkalli, Elli, Verreycken, Hugo, Winfield, Ian J., Zenetos, Argyro, and Roy, Helen E.

Abstract

Invasive alien species (IAS) are one of the major drivers of change that can negatively affect biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services and human health; islands are particularly vulnerable to biological invasions. Horizon scanning can lead to prioritisation of IAS to inform decision-making and action; its scale and scope can vary depending on the need. We focussed on IAS likely to arrive, establish and affect biodiversity and human health on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus. The scope of the horizon scanning was the entire island of Cyprus. We used a two-step consensus-building process in which experts reviewed and scored lists of alien species on their likelihood of arrival, establishment and potential to affect biodiversity, ecosystems and/or human health in the next 10Â years. We reviewed 225 alien species, considered to be currently absent on Cyprus, across taxa and environments. We agreed upon 100 species that constituted very high, high or medium biodiversity risk, often arriving through multiple pathways of introduction. The remaining 125 species were ranked as low risk. The potential impacts on human health were documented for all 225 species; 82 species were considered to have a potentially negative impact on human health ranging from nuisance to disease transmission. The scope of the horizon scanning was the entire island of Cyprus, but the thematic groups also considered the relevance of the top 100 species to the Sovereign Base Areas of Cyprus, given their differing governance. This horizon scan provides the first systematic exercise to identify invasive alien species of potential concern to biodiversity and ecosystems but also human health within the Mediterranean region. The process and outcomes should provide other islands in the region and beyond with baseline data to improve IAS prioritisation and management.

Published
2019

49. Transformed statistical distributions with applications to financial data and modelling of financial systems

Author

Robertson-Dean, Melanie J. and Robertson-Dean, Melanie J.

Abstract

The ability to model extreme events is important across many applications, including extreme weather events, length of long hospital stays and large price changes in financial markets. This thesis uses statistical methods to describe the chance of extreme events occurring. Different methods for estimating the chance of extreme events are compared, and some new methodologies for describing the chance of these events are presented.

Published
2019

50. Developing a list of invasive alien species likely to threaten biodiversity and ecosystems in the European Union

Author

Roy, Helen E., Bacher, Sven, Essl, Franz, Adriaens, Tim, Aldridge, David C., Bishop, John D.D., Blackburn, Tim M., Branquart, Etienne, Brodie, Juliet, Carboneras, Carles, Cottier-Cook, Elizabeth J., Copp, Gordon H., Dean, Hannah J., Eilenberg, Jørgen, Gallardo, Belinda, Garcia, Mariana, García‐Berthou, Emili, Genovesi, Piero, Hulme, Philip E., Kenis, Marc, Kerckhof, Francis, Kettunen, Marianne, Minchin, Dan, Nentwig, Wolfgang, Nieto, Ana, Pergl, Jan, Pescott, Oliver L., Peyton, Jodey M., Preda, Cristina, Roques, Alain, Rorke, Steph L., Scalera, Riccardo, Schindler, Stefan, Schonrogge, Karsten, Sewell, Jack, Solarz, Wojciech, Stewart, Alan J.A., Tricarico, Elena, Vanderhoeven, Sonia, van der Velde, Gerard, Vilà, Montserrat, Wood, Christine A., Zenetos, Argyro, Rabitsch, Wolfgang, Roy, Helen E., Bacher, Sven, Essl, Franz, Adriaens, Tim, Aldridge, David C., Bishop, John D.D., Blackburn, Tim M., Branquart, Etienne, Brodie, Juliet, Carboneras, Carles, Cottier-Cook, Elizabeth J., Copp, Gordon H., Dean, Hannah J., Eilenberg, Jørgen, Gallardo, Belinda, Garcia, Mariana, García‐Berthou, Emili, Genovesi, Piero, Hulme, Philip E., Kenis, Marc, Kerckhof, Francis, Kettunen, Marianne, Minchin, Dan, Nentwig, Wolfgang, Nieto, Ana, Pergl, Jan, Pescott, Oliver L., Peyton, Jodey M., Preda, Cristina, Roques, Alain, Rorke, Steph L., Scalera, Riccardo, Schindler, Stefan, Schonrogge, Karsten, Sewell, Jack, Solarz, Wojciech, Stewart, Alan J.A., Tricarico, Elena, Vanderhoeven, Sonia, van der Velde, Gerard, Vilà, Montserrat, Wood, Christine A., Zenetos, Argyro, and Rabitsch, Wolfgang

Abstract

The European Union (EU) has recently published its first list of invasive alien species (IAS) of EU concern to which current legislation must apply. The list comprises species known to pose great threats to biodiversity and needs to be maintained and updated. Horizon scanning is seen as critical to identify the most threatening potential IAS that do not yet occur in Europe to be subsequently risk assessed for future listing. Accordingly, we present a systematic consensus horizon scanning procedure to derive a ranked list of potential IAS likely to arrive, establish, spread and have an impact on biodiversity in the region over the next decade. The approach is unique in the continental scale examined, the breadth of taxonomic groups and environments considered, and the methods and data sources used. International experts were brought together to address five broad thematic groups of potential IAS. For each thematic group the experts first independently assembled lists of potential IAS not yet established in the EU but potentially threatening biodiversity if introduced. Experts were asked to score the species within their thematic group for their separate likelihoods of i) arrival, ii) establishment, iii) spread, and iv) magnitude of the potential negative impact on biodiversity within the EU. Experts then convened for a 2‐day workshop applying consensus methods to compile a ranked list of potential IAS. From an initial working list of 329 species, a list of 66 species not yet established in the EU that were considered to be very high (8 species), high (40 species) or medium (18 species) risk species was derived. Here, we present these species highlighting the potential negative impacts and the most likely biogeographic regions to be affected by these potential IAS.

Published
2019

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