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Gracias al auge de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la expansión de las mismas, la docencia de los alumnos ha experimentado un gran avance poniendo a disposición del alumnado videos, trabajos y material complementario a su alcance en cualquier lugar y momento. La accesibilidad inmediata a contenidos multimedia, ayuda al estudiante a una mejor planificación diaria de su trabajo facilitando la adquisición de nuevos conocimientos de una forma más interactiva y visual, resultando en un aprendizaje más dinámico que puede llegar a complementar los tradicionales libros de texto. La patología de la articulación temporomandibular es altamente prevalente y en hospitales no terciarios el Cirujano maxilofacial no está presente, pudiendo colaborar en su tratamiento los odontólogos, los cirujanos generales, los cirujanos plásticos y reparadores e incluso servicios de dermatología. Existen distintas técnicas diferentes a la hora de abordar las diferentes patologías, que abarcan desde el uso de férulas de descarga, así como tratamientos mínimamente invasivos como pueden ser la artrocentesis, la artroscopia y la infiltración de neuromoduladores a nivel muscular. La grabación de estas técnicas permite al estudiante disponer de una herramienta eficaz a la hora de su aprendizaje, y además si colaboran en la grabación y el montaje de dichos videos se potencia dicho aprendizaje. No todos los estudiantes de medicina tienen la posibilidad de acceder a rotaciones en todos los servicios, y sólo una minoría de estudiantes de posgrado de odontología acceden a rotaciones en el Servicio de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial. Por tanto, la finalidad de estas grabaciones, es acercar al estudiante estas técnicas terapéuticas de una forma atractiva y dinámica permitiendo un aprendizaje activo en el que estudiante pueda llegar a sentirse involucrado.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has induced profound societal and healthcare transformations globally. Material and methods: This multicenter retrospective study aimed to assess potential shifts in the epidemiology and management of oromaxillofacial trauma requiring surgical intervention over a 1-year period encompassing the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, in comparison to the preceding year. The parameters investigated included age, sex, injury mechanisms, fractured bones, and treatment modalities. The statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: A notable 39.36% reduction in oromaxillofacial fractures was identified (p < 0.001), with no significant alterations in sex distribution, types of fractured bones, or treatment modalities. An appreciable increase in mean age was observed (35.92 vs. 40.26) (p = 0.006). Analysis of the causes of oromaxillofacial trauma revealed diminished incidents of interpersonal violence (41% vs. 35%) and sports-related injuries (14% vs. 8%), alongside an escalation in cases attributed to falls (27% vs. 35%), precipitation events (2% vs. 5%), and traffic accidents (12% vs. 13%). The mandible emerged as the most frequently fractured bone. Conclusion: In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic has decreased the number of maxillofacial fractures treated surgically and has changed the epidemiology and the etiology of facial traumas., Depto. de Cirugía, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub, Descuento UCM

The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically impacted Mexico, leading to the closure of educational institutions nationwide. Two years into the pandemic, schools, including the Technological University of Querétaro, were officially reopened. We surveyed the university community to evaluate the prevalence of unpleasant emotions. We gather data on demographics, social connections, psychological factors, and significant lifestyle changes attributed to the pandemic. Our analysis, based on a multivariable logistic regression, included responses from 2,616 participants. We identified an 8-24% prevalence rate for unpleasant emotions within our sample. Exhaustion, boredom, and frustration were the most intensely experienced emotions. The analysis revealed several risk factors for heightened unpleasant emotions: being a student (odds ratio [OR] = 1.85), younger age (OR = 2.91-3.00), poly-drug use (OR = 1.21-6.23), and increased substance consumption attributable to pandemic stress (OR = 3.32). Additionally, gender differences were observed, with female participants reporting higher levels of unpleasant emotions (OR = 1.18). Other significant factors included being single (OR = 1.61), experiencing social isolation (OR = 12.07), psychophysiological changes (OR = 6.59-174), and suicidal ideation (OR = 33.25). Our findings indicate a broad variation in the prevalence of unpleasant emotions among the university community, influenced by a range of demographic and psychosocial factors., La pandemia de COVID-19 impactó profundamente a México, ocasionando el cierre de instituciones educativas en todo el país. Dos años después, las escuelas, incluida la Universidad Tecnológica de Querétaro, reabrieron oficialmente. Encuestamos a la comunidad universitaria para evaluar la prevalencia de emociones desagradables. Recolectamos datos sobre demografía, conexiones sociales, factores psicológicos y cambios significativos en el estilo de vida atribuidos a la pandemia. Nuestro análisis, mediante regresión logística multivariable, incluyó respuestas de 2,616 participantes. Identificamos una prevalencia del 8-24% para emociones desagradables en nuestra muestra. El agotamiento, el aburrimiento y la frustración fueron las emociones experimentadas más intensamente. El análisis reveló varios factores de riesgo para incrementar las emociones desagradables: ser estudiante (tasa de probabilidad [OR] = 1.85), ser joven (OR = 2.91-3.00), el consumo de múltiples drogas (OR = 1.21-6.23) y un aumento en el consumo de sustancias debido al estrés de la pandemia (OR = 3.32). Se observaron diferencias de género, las participantes femeninas reportaron mayores niveles de emociones desagradables (OR = 1.18). Otros factores significativos incluyeron estar soltero (OR = 1.61), experimentar aislamiento social (OR = 12.07), cambios psicofisiológicos (OR = 6.59-174) e ideación suicida (OR = 33.25). Nuestros hallazgos indican una amplia variación en la prevalencia de emociones desagradables en la comunidad universitaria, influenciada por una gama de factores demográficos y psicosociales.

Air quality is a social concern that requires high doses of education and communication. The influence and need to reinforce these two axes is evident in this research whose objective is to analyse the development of scientific-environmental literacy and the critical reflection that society has on knowledge and air quality issues in Extremadura (Spain). Through a simple random sampling, 65 participants of the "European Researchers' Night" responded to a survey based on a descriptive and exploratory quantitative methodology. Among the main results was the respondents' interest in these social issues, which they believe are being neglected by the mainstream media. This reality is the perfect opportunity for the proliferation of information in other contexts such as the digital sphere, especially in social networks. With phenomena such as multiple audiences or disintermediation, a huge amount of information is generated that can lead to over-informed ignorance. It therefore highlights the growing social need to strengthen environmental literacy and educommunication and proposes, in light of the results, a decalogue of good practices in the treatment of information in line with the Sustainable Development Goals and the 2030 Agenda set in the international context., La calidad del aire supone una preocupación social que requiere de altas dosis de educación y comunicación. La influencia y necesidad de reforzar estos dos ejes queda patente en esta investigación cuyo objetivo es analizar el desarrollo de la alfabetización científica-ambiental y la reflexión crítica que tiene la sociedad en conocimiento y materia de la calidad del aire en Extremadura (España). A través de un muestreo aleatorio simple, 65 participantes de “La Noche Europea de los Investigadores”, respondieron a una encuesta basada en una metodología cuantitativa de corte descriptivo y exploratorio. Entre los principales resultados destaca el interés de los encuestados por estos temas sociales que consideran están siendo desatendidos por los medios de comunicación convencionales. Esta realidad supone el embate perfecto para la proliferación de información en otros contextos como la esfera digital, sobre todo en las redes sociales. Con fenómenos como las múltiples audiencias o la desintermediación se genera una ingente cantidad de información que puede llevar a la sobre ignorancia informada. Se pone de manifiesto, por tanto, la creciente necesidad social de reforzar la alfabetización y educomunicación ambiental y se propone, a luz de los resultados, un decálogo de buenas prácticas en el tratamiento informativo en línea con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible y la Agenda 2030 marcada en el contexto internacional.

The purpose of this text is to open a space for conversation and deep listening between the social sciences and the arts of sound on two questions associated with a set of messages that indigenous and afro-Colombia peoples have long expressed: on “violence” and “historical damages”, on the “forest’s pain”, and on their vision of “reparation” and “peace”. This text is a result of my work as a Truth Commission Commissioner, and grounds a sound piece and the general platform of the Truth Commission Final Report’s testimonial volume. It seeks to introduce the idea of the territory as a subject of pain, as a “being” or as a group of sentient “beings”. Not as a “subject of law” (which is the language of the State) but as a subject able to give testimony, I use a reflection on the transit from the world of graphics to the world of sound. The experience of “violence” takes on thereby a different meaning. This is the central question to explore: How does it testify to its pain? How does it tell us of its suffering? How can we see this damage in the landscape? How does the Amazon region attest to its devastation, not only the one due to the armed conflict but those deeper in time?, L’objectif de ce texte est d’ouvrir un espace de conversation et d’écoute profondes entre les sciences sociales et les arts sonores sur des questions liées à un ensemble de messages que les peuples autochtones et afro-colombiens ont exprimé au cours du temps: sur “les violences” et les “dommages historiques” sur la “douleur de la forêt” et sur leur vision de la “réparation” et la “paix”. Le texte est le résultat de mon travail en tant que membre de la Commission pour la Vérité et pose comme fondement un élément sonore et la plateforme générale du volume testimonial du Rapport Final de la Commission pour le Vérité. Il cherche à introduire simultanément l’idée du territoire comme sujet de douleur, comme “être” ou ensemble d’ “êtres” sensibles. Pas comme “sujet de droit” (qui est le langage de l’Etat) mais comme sujet capable de témoigner. Je fais appel à une réflexion sur le passage du monde de la graphie au monde de la phonie. L’expérience de la “violence” acquiert ici un sens différent. Il s’agit de la question centrale que l’on cherche à explorer: comment témoigne leur douleur? Comment nous transmettent-ils leur souffrance? Comment peut-on voir ces dommages dans le paysage? Comment témoignent l’Amazonie et ses dévastations, qui ne sont pas seulement liées au conflit armé, mais aussi plus profondes dans le temps?, O objetivo deste texto é abrir um espaço de conversa e escuta profunda entre as ciências sociais e as artes sonoras sobre duas questões relacionadas com um conjunto de mensagens que os povos indígenas e afro-colombianos têm expressado ao longo do tempo: sobre "as violências" e "os danos históricos", sobre a "dor da floresta" e sobre a sua visão de "reparação" e de "paz". O texto é fruto do meu trabalho como Comissionado da Comissão da Verdade e vem de uma peça sonora e da plataforma geral de depoimentos do Relatório Final da Comissão da Verdade. O objetivo é simultaneamente introduzir a ideia do território como sujeito de dor, como um "ser" ou como um conjunto de "seres" que sentem. Não como um "sujeito de direito" (que é a linguagem do Estado), mas sim como um sujeito capaz de testemunhar. Chego a uma reflexão sobre a transição do mundo da escrita para o mundo do som. A experiência da "violência" assume um significado diferente. Esta é a pergunta central a ser explorada: como ela testemunha a sua dor, como ela nos conta o seu sofrimento? Como podemos ver esse dano na paisagem? Como testemunha a Amazônia suas devastações, que não se devem apenas ao conflito armado, mas também são mais profundas no tempo?, El objetivo de este texto es abrir un espacio de conversación y escucha profundas entre las ciencias sociales y las artes sonoras sobre dos cuestiones relacionadas con un conjunto de mensajes que los pueblos indígenas y afrocolombianos han expresado a lo largo del tiempo: sobre “las violencias” y los “daños históricos”, sobre el “dolor de la selva” y sobre su visión de la “reparación” y la “paz”. El texto es producto de mi trabajo como Comisionado de la Comisión de la Verdad y fundamenta una pieza sonora y la plataforma general del volumen testimonial del Informe Final de la Comisión de la Verdad. Busca simultáneamente introducir la idea del territorio como sujeto de dolor, como “ser” o como conjunto de “seres” sintientes. No como “sujeto de derecho” (que es el lenguaje del Estado), sino como sujeto capaz de testimoniar. Acudo a una reflexión sobre el tránsito del mundo de la grafía al mundo de la fonía. La experiencia de la “violencia” adquiere ahí un significado distinto. Esta es la pregunta central que se busca explorar: ¿cómo testimonia su dolor?, ¿cómo nos refiere su sufrimiento? ¿Cómo podemos ver ese daño en el paisaje? ¿Cómo testimonia la Amazonía y sus devastaciones, que no son sólo del conflicto armado, sino más profundas en el tiempo?

Swirling spin textures, including topologically nontrivial states, such as skyrmions, chiral domain walls, and magnetic vortices, have garnered significant attention within the scientific community due to their appeal from both fundamental and applied points of view. However, their creation, controlled manipulation, and stability are typically constrained to certain systems with specific crystallographic symmetries, bulk or interface interactions, and/or a precise stacking sequence of materials. Recently, a new approach has shown potential for the imprint of magnetic radial vortices in soft ferromagnetic compounds making use of the stray field of YBa2Cu3O7-delta superconducting microstructures in ferromagnet/superconductor (FM/SC) hybrids at temperatures below the superconducting transition temperature (T-C). Here, we explore the lower size limit for the imprint of magnetic radial vortices in square and disc shaped structures as well as the persistence of these spin textures above T-C, with magnetic domains retaining partial memory. Structures with circular geometry and with FM patterned to smaller radius than the superconductor island facilitate the imprinting of magnetic radial vortices and improve their stability above T-C, in contrast to square structures where the presence of magnetic domains increases the dipolar energy. Micromagnetic modeling coupled with a SC field model reveals that the stabilization mechanism above T-C is mediated by microstructural defects. Superconducting control of swirling spin textures, and their stabilization above the superconducting transition temperature by means of defect engineering holds promising prospects for shaping superconducting spintronics based on magnetic textures, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin fur Materialen und Energie, European Commission, MInisterio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub, Pagado por el autor

Fellowship PRE2018-084818, The wealth of complex polar topologies1–10 recently found in nanoscale ferroelectrics results from a delicate balance between the intrinsic tendency of the materials to develop a homogeneous polarization and the electric and mechanical boundary conditions imposed on them. Ferroelectric–dielectric interfaces are model systems in which polarization curling originates from open circuit-like electric boundary conditions, to avoid the build-up of polarization charges through the formation of fuxclosure11–14 domains that evolve into vortex-like structures at the nanoscale15–17 level. Although ferroelectricity is known to couple strongly with strain (both homogeneous18 and inhomogeneous19,20), the efect of mechanical constraints21 on thin-flm nanoscale ferroelectrics has been comparatively less explored because of the relative paucity of strain patterns that can be implemented experimentally. Here we show that the stacking of freestanding ferroelectric perovskite layers with controlled twist angles provides an opportunity to tailor these topological nanostructures in a way determined by the lateral strain modulation associated with the twisting. Furthermore, we fnd that a peculiar pattern of polarization vortices and antivortices emerges from the fexoelectric coupling of polarization to strain gradients. This fnding provides opportunities to create two-dimensional high-density vortex crystals that would enable us to explore previously unknown physical efects and functionalities., European Comission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Comunidad de Madrid, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Luxembourg National Research Fund, Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub, Pagado por el autor

The normal-state conductivity and superconducting critical temperature of oxygen-deficient YBa2Cu3O7-delta can be persistently enhanced by illumination. Strongly debated for years, the origin of those effects-termed persistent photoconductivity and photosuperconductivity (PPS)-has remained an unsolved critical problem, whose comprehension may provide key insights to harness the origin of hightemperature superconductivity itself. Here, we make essential steps toward understanding PPS. While the models proposed so far assume that it is caused by a carrier-density increase (photodoping) observed concomitantly, our experiments contradict such conventional belief: we demonstrate that it is instead linked to a photo-induced decrease of the electronic scattering rate. Furthermore, we find that the latter effect and photodoping are completely disconnected and originate from different microscopic mechanisms, since they present different wavelength and oxygen-content dependences as well as strikingly different relaxation dynamics. Besides helping disentangle photodoping, persistent photoconductivity, and PPS, our results provide new evidence for the intimate relation between critical temperature and scattering rate, a key ingredient in modern theories on high-temperature superconductivity., European Research Council, European Commission, Agence Natonale de la Recherche (France), Comunidad de Madrid, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

Maude is a specification language based on rewriting logic whose programs can be executed, model checked, and analyzed with other techniques, but not easily theorem proved. On the other hand, Lean is a modern proof assistant based on the calculus of inductive constructions with a wide library of reusable proofs and definitions. This paper presents a translation from the first formalism to the second, and a tool that derives a Lean program from a Maude module in a predictable way. Hence, theorems can be proved in Lean about Maude specifications., Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Depto. de Sistemas Informáticos y Computación, Fac. de Informática, TRUE, pub

In formal verification, qualitative and quantitative aspects are both relevant, and high-level formalisms are convenient to naturally specify the systems under study and their properties. In this paper, we present a framework for describing probabilistic models on top of nondeterministic specifications in the highly-expressive language Maude, based on rewriting logic. Quantitative properties can be checked and calculated on them using both probabilistic and statistical methods with external tools like PRISM, Storm, MultiVeSta, and custom implementations as backends. At the same time, the underlying nondeterministic system can be verified using the qualitative model-checking and deductive tools already available in Maude., Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Ministerio de Universidades, Depto. de Sistemas Informáticos y Computación, Fac. de Informática, TRUE, pub

Equational unification and matching are fundamental mechanisms in many automated deduction applications. Supporting them efficiently for as wide as possible a class of equational theories, and in a typed manner supporting type hierarchies, benefits many applications; but this is both challenging and nontrivial. We present Maude 3.2’s efficient support of these features as well as of symbolic reachability analysis of infinite-state concurrent systems based on them., Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Junta de Andalucía, FEDER, European Union, Generalitat Valenciana, U. S. Office of Naval Research, Depto. de Sistemas Informáticos y Computación, Fac. de Informática, TRUE, pub

La utilización y creación de APIs durante los últimos años se ha incrementado notablemente. Por eso la calidad de estas debe aumentar en consideración, pero no por ello se debe dedicar un tiempo excesivo a verificar que cumplen con unas características de calidad y diseño. Por esta razón este TFG junto a NTT DATA busca ofrecer una solución que simplifique esta verificación. Esta memoria define el camino que se ha seguido para obtener una herramienta que se ha desarrollado junto a NTT DATA. El proyecto abordará la descripción de APIs con el objetivo de analizarlas, las reglas de spectral que se han utilizado durante los últimos años para verificar reglas en ficheros yaml entre otros, la creación de informes visuales para presentar información y la utilización de inteligencia artificial para generar una predicción sobre esta API. Con estos conocimientos se conseguirá el objetivo de generar un informe de api aplicando unas reglas de spectral y hacer una predicción del comportamiento que tendrá en el futuro esta API., The use and creation of APIs in recent years has increased greatly. That is why the quality of these must be increased in consideration, but not for this reason too much time must be devoted to verifying that they comply with quality and design characteristics. For this reason, this TFG together with NTT DATA seeks to offer a solution that simplifies this verification. This memory defines the path that has been followed to get a tool that has been developed next to NTT DATA. The project will address the description of APIs with the aim of analyzing them, the spectral rules that have been used in recent years to verify rules in yaml files among others, the creation of visual reports to present information and the use of artificial intelligence to generate a prediction about this API. With this knowledge, the objective of generating an api report will be achieved by applying spectral rules and making a prediction of the behavior that this API will have in the future.

Autonomous practice is fundamental in learning programming and, in the various contexts where programming is taught, automatic problem checkers are extensively used. The so-called online judges offer a repertoire of problems and allow users to submit their solutions for on-the-spot evaluation. The judge receives the code from the user, compiles it, and runs it on different test inputs, then checks that the results match the expected ones. The result of this evaluation for the student is usually limited to a verdict that indicates without details whether the solution is correct or not, takes too long or fails to run. The teacher, on the other hand, sees the raw differences between the program output and the expected output. In programming competitions, this information is more than enough, but more instructive and meaningful feedback would be of great help to the student learning to code. The aim of this work is to apply static code analysis techniques and instrumentation on automatic judges to provide more meaningful feedback to students and teachers. The effectiveness of a small set of tools has been studied on actual submissions from previous years. The conclusions of this analysis, interesting in their own, have helped us decide which checks are most relevant to implement on the judge. We have extended the online judge DOMjudge, (widely used in the Faculty of Computer Science at UCM and other universities) to integrate these checks and include the results in the feedback. This has required modifications to the code and the setup process of the automatic judge, and the development of tools to process the information from those tools, La práctica autónoma es fundamental en el aprendizaje de la programación y en los diversos contextos donde se enseña esta disciplina los correctores automáticos de problemas son muy utilizados. Los llamados jueces en línea ofrecen un repertorio de problemas y permiten enviar a los usuarios sus soluciones para que sean evaluadas en el momento. Para evaluarlas, el juez recibe el código del usuario, lo compila y lo ejecuta sobre distintos ejemplos para después comprobar que los resultados coincidan con los esperados. El resultado de esa evaluación para el estudiante se limita habitualmente a un veredicto que indica sin detalles si la solución es correcta o no, tarda demasiado o falla al ejecutarse. El profesor, en cambio, ve las diferencias en bruto entre la salida del programa y la salida esperada. En los concursos de programación, esta información es más que suficiente, pero una retroalimentación más instructiva y significativa sería de gran ayuda para el estudiante que está aprendiendo a programar. El objetivo de este trabajo es aplicar técnicas de análisis de estático e instrumentación en los jueces automáticos para proporcionar retroalimentación más significativa a estudiantes y profesores. Se ha estudiado la efectividad de un pequeño conjunto de herramientas sobre envíos reales de años anteriores. Las conclusiones de este análisis, interesantes por sí mismas, nos han servido para decidir qué comprobaciones son más relevantes para su implementación al juez. Hemos extendido el juez automático DOMjudge, ampliamente utilizado en la facultad de Informática de la UCM y en otras universidades, para integrar estas comprobaciones y mostrar los resultados en la retroalimentación a los estudiantes. Esto ha requerido modificaciones en el código y en el proceso de instalación del juez automático, y el desarrollo de herramientas para procesar la información de los analizadores.

The interplay between ferromagnetism and superconductivity has attracted substantial interest due to its potential for exotic quantum phenomena and advanced electronic devices. Although ferromagnetism and superconductivity are antagonistic phenomena, ferromagnets (F) can host spin-triplet superconductivity induced via proximity with superconductors (S). To date, most of the experimental effort has been focused on single S/F/S junctions. Here, we have found the fingerprints of long-range superconducting proximity effect in micrometric weaklink arrays, formed by embedding YBa2Cu3O7 superconducting islands in a half-metallic ferromagnet La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 film. These arrays show magnetoresistance oscillations that appear at temperatures below the critical temperature of YBa2Cu3O7 for currents below a threshold, indicating their superconducting origin. This realization paves the way for device architectures displaying macroscopic quantum interference effects, which are of interest for field sensing applications, among others., Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Comunidad de Madrid, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, European Commission, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub, Pagado por el autor

La estimación de biomasa aérea de pastos contribuye a realizar un manejo eficiente y sostenible de los agostaderos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue generar nuevas ecuaciones para estimar la biomasa aérea de pastos presentes en agostaderos, en Nuevo León, México, basado en datos colectados del total (n=745) de los individuos de las cinco especies de pastos: Cenchrus ciliaris Linnaeus, Pappophorum bicolor Fourn, Aristida purpurea Nutt, Tridens texanus Watson y Paspalum pubiflorum Fourn presentes en las parcelas de muestreo. Utilizando la altura máxima y la de los tallos vegetativos, los diámetros aéreo, basal y comprimido, y volúmenes medidos en cada uno de los individuos colectados, se generaron ecuaciones lineales (stepwise) y no lineales, para estimar la biomasa aérea (base materia seca) de los pastos cortados a ras de suelo. Se seleccionaron seis ecuaciones generales con el mejor ajuste estadístico para el total de las especies colectadas. La ecuación general III tuvo los mejores valores de R2=0.88 y AIC=3079, utilizando las cinco variables evaluadas. La ecuación general IV estimó con R2=0.86 y AIC= 3530, utilizando solo la variable de diámetro comprimido. Las ecuaciones específicas seleccionadas estimaron la biomasa aérea de los pastos Cenchrus ciliaris (R2=0.88, r=0.94), Pappophorum bicolor (R2=0.86, r=0.92), Aristida purpurea (R2=0.92, r=0.96), Tridens texanus (R2=0.91, r=0.96), y Paspalum pubiflorum (R2=0.93, r=0.97). Las nuevas ecuaciones son una alternativa confiable para estimar indirectamente la biomasa aérea de los pastos de los agostaderos del noreste de México, de forma más rápida y menos costosa que el método tradicional.

En la actualidad se discute sobre los efectos positivos del aprendizaje temprano de una segunda lengua en las primeras etapas de Infantil y se desconoce la educación patrimonial. Este Trabajo Fin de Grado pretende abordar la ventaja de bilingüismo como enfoque y método, subrayando a su vez la importancia crucial de la educación patrimonial en todas sus dimensiones dentro del contexto educativo infantil. Para ello, exploramos los conceptos fundamentales del bilingüismo y el patrimonio, y planteamos una situación de aprendizaje en busca de contribuir mediante la enseñanza de estos dos términos en una formación del ciudadano más globalmente preparado hacia la diversidad cultural y lingüística que existe, generando así una perspectiva de una ciudadanía crítica y comprometida con el cambio en los niveles educativos más tempranos., Grado en Educación Infantil

La calidad del aire supone una preocupación social que requiere de altas dosis de educación y comunicación. La influencia y necesidad de reforzar estos dos ejes queda patente en esta investigación cuyo objetivo es analizar el desarrollo de la alfabetización científica-ambiental y la reflexión crítica que tiene la sociedad en conocimiento y materia de la calidad del aire en Extremadura (España). A través de un muestreo aleatorio simple, 65 participantes de “La Noche Europea de los Investigadores”, respondieron a una encuesta basada en una metodología cuantitativa de corte descriptivo y exploratorio. Entre los principales resultados destaca el interés de los encuestados por estos temas sociales que consideran están siendo desatendidos por los medios de comunicación convencionales. Esta realidad supone el embate perfecto para la proliferación de información en otros contextos como la esfera digital, sobre todo en las redes sociales. Con fenómenos como las múltiples audiencias o la desintermediación se genera una ingente cantidad de información que puede llevar a la sobre ignorancia informada. Se pone de manifiesto, por tanto, la creciente necesidad social de reforzar la alfabetización y educomunicación ambiental y se propone, a luz de los resultados, un decálogo de buenas prácticas en el tratamiento informativo en línea con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible y la Agenda 2030 marcada en el contexto internacional., Air quality is a social concern that requires high doses of education and communication. The influence and need to reinforce these two axes is evident in this research whose objective is to analyse the development of scientific-environmental literacy and the critical reflection that society has on knowledge and air quality issues in Extremadura (Spain). Through a simple random sampling, 65 participants of the "European Researchers' Night" responded to a survey based on a descriptive and exploratory quantitative methodology. Among the main results was the respondents' interest in these social issues, which they believe are being neglected by the mainstream media. This reality is the perfect opportunity for the proliferation of information in other contexts such as the digital sphere, especially in social networks. With phenomena such as multiple audiences or disintermediation, a huge amount of information is generated that can lead to over-informed ignorance. It therefore highlights the growing social need to strengthen environmental literacy and educommunication and proposes, in light of the results, a decalogue of good practices in the treatment of information in line with the Sustainable Development Goals and the 2030 Agenda set in the international context.

La calidad del aire supone una preocupación social que requiere de altas dosis de educación y comunicación. La influencia y necesidad de reforzar estos dos ejes queda patente en esta investigación cuyo objetivo es analizar el desarrollo de la alfabetización científica-ambiental y la reflexión crítica que tiene la sociedad en conocimiento y materia de la calidad del aire en Extremadura (España). A través de un muestreo aleatorio simple, 65 participantes de “La Noche Europea de los Investigadores”, respondieron a una encuesta basada en una metodología cuantitativa de corte descriptivo y exploratorio. Entre los principales resultados destaca el interés de los encuestados por estos temas sociales que consideran están siendo desatendidos por los medios de comunicación convencionales. Esta realidad supone el embate perfecto para la proliferación de información en otros contextos como la esfera digital, sobre todo en las redes sociales. Con fenómenos como las múltiples audiencias o la desintermediación se genera una ingente cantidad de información que puede llevar a la sobre ignorancia informada. Se pone de manifiesto, por tanto, la creciente necesidad social de reforzar la alfabetización y educomunicación ambiental y se propone, a luz de los resultados, un decálogo de buenas prácticas en el tratamiento informativo en línea con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible y la Agenda 2030 marcada en el contexto internacional., Air quality is a social concern that requires high doses of education and communication. The influence and need to reinforce these two axes is evident in this research whose objective is to analyse the development of scientific-environmental literacy and the critical reflection that society has on knowledge and air quality issues in Extremadura (Spain). Through a simple random sampling, 65 participants of the "European Researchers' Night" responded to a survey based on a descriptive and exploratory quantitative methodology. Among the main results was the respondents' interest in these social issues, which they believe are being neglected by the mainstream media. This reality is the perfect opportunity for the proliferation of information in other contexts such as the digital sphere, especially in social networks. With phenomena such as multiple audiences or disintermediation, a huge amount of information is generated that can lead to over-informed ignorance. It therefore highlights the growing social need to strengthen environmental literacy and educommunication and proposes, in light of the results, a decalogue of good practices in the treatment of information in line with the Sustainable Development Goals and the 2030 Agenda set in the international context.

Air quality is a social concern that requires high doses of education and communication. The influence and need to reinforce these two axes is evident in this research whose objective is to analyse the development of scientific-environmental literacy and the critical reflection that society has on knowledge and air quality issues in Extremadura (Spain). Through a simple random sampling, 65 participants of the "European Researchers' Night" responded to a survey based on a descriptive and exploratory quantitative methodology. Among the main results was the respondents' interest in these social issues, which they believe are being neglected by the mainstream media. This reality is the perfect opportunity for the proliferation of information in other contexts such as the digital sphere, especially in social networks. With phenomena such as multiple audiences or disintermediation, a huge amount of information is generated that can lead to over-informed ignorance. It therefore highlights the growing social need to strengthen environmental literacy and educommunication and proposes, in light of the results, a decalogue of good practices in the treatment of information in line with the Sustainable Development Goals and the 2030 Agenda set in the international context., La calidad del aire supone una preocupación social que requiere de altas dosis de educación y comunicación. La influencia y necesidad de reforzar estos dos ejes queda patente en esta investigación cuyo objetivo es analizar el desarrollo de la alfabetización científica-ambiental y la reflexión crítica que tiene la sociedad en conocimiento y materia de la calidad del aire en Extremadura (España). A través de un muestreo aleatorio simple, 65 participantes de “La Noche Europea de los Investigadores”, respondieron a una encuesta basada en una metodología cuantitativa de corte descriptivo y exploratorio. Entre los principales resultados destaca el interés de los encuestados por estos temas sociales que consideran están siendo desatendidos por los medios de comunicación convencionales. Esta realidad supone el embate perfecto para la proliferación de información en otros contextos como la esfera digital, sobre todo en las redes sociales. Con fenómenos como las múltiples audiencias o la desintermediación se genera una ingente cantidad de información que puede llevar a la sobre ignorancia informada. Se pone de manifiesto, por tanto, la creciente necesidad social de reforzar la alfabetización y educomunicación ambiental y se propone, a luz de los resultados, un decálogo de buenas prácticas en el tratamiento informativo en línea con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible y la Agenda 2030 marcada en el contexto internacional.

Research on affective polarization is at its peak. Causes that intensify or mitigate the affective polarization environments in the contemporary democracies, as well as their consequences, remain the subject of debate. What is the relationship between the mass media and social media and affective polarization climates? Traditional and social media are inserted into a macro structure in which circulate the bulk of the political information that can be consumed, so it is necessary an examination of their role. This systematic literature review addresses all articles in the Web of Science database on the subject without restrictions (N=73). After reading the articles, the main evidence, trends, consensus, and disagreements on the subject, as well as recommendations for future researchers, are presented. The results point to minimal and heterogeneous media effects in researchs very focused on polarizing rather than depolarizing effects. It should be noted that there is greater heterogeneity and partisan moderation in information consumption than expected., La investigación sobre la polarización afectiva está en su apogeo. Las causas que intensifican o mitigan los climas de polarización afectiva en las democracias contemporáneas, así como sus consecuencias, siguen siendo objeto de debate. ¿Cuál es la relación entre los medios de comunicación de masas y sociales y los climas de polarización afectiva? Los medios de comunicación tradicionales y sociales están insertos en una macroestructura por la que circula la mayor parte de la información política que se puede consumir, por lo que es necesario examinar su papel. Esta revisión sistemática de la literatura aborda todos los artículos de la base de datos Web of Science sobre el tema sin restricciones (N=73). Tras la lectura de los artículos, se presentan las principales evidencias, tendencias, consensos y desacuerdos sobre el tema, así como recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones. Los resultados apuntan a efectos mediáticos limitados o mínimos y heterogéneos en una investigación muy centrada en los efectos polarizadores más que en los depolarizadores. También apuntan a una mayor heterogeneidad y moderación partidista de lo esperado en el consumo de información.

Every five minutes a person is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) in the world. This autoimmune disease without cure reaches 55,000 patients in Spain, where many have become e-patients influencers in social networks, especially on Instagram (IG), to make experiences visible and promote research. This paper studies the impact of Spanish e-patients with MS on GI, from an initial descriptive and exploratory mixed approach, with interspersed quantitative-qualitative instruments: a survey with 224 participants and content analysis of the 10 most mentioned MS instagramers by respondents. Thus, it highlights that IG is the social network preferred by MS patients, who consume mainly content on advances in research and testimony, keeping their neurologist/a as a reliable source, leaving aside conventional media. A valuable resource for managing MS, where digital literacy is indispensable to reach more patients. An opportunity to optimize e-health, where there is still much to work., Cada cinco minutos una persona es diagnosticada de esclerosis múltiple (EM) en el mundo. Esta enfermedad autoinmune sin cura alcanza a 55.000 pacientes en España, donde muchos se han convertido en e-pacientes influencers en redes sociales (RRSS), especialmente en Instagram (IG), para visibilizar experiencias y promover la investigación. Este trabajo estudia el impacto de los e-pacientes españoles con EM en IG, desde un enfoque mixto descriptivo y exploratorio inicial, intercalando instrumentos cuanti-cualitativos: una encuesta con 224 participantes y el análisis de contenido de los 10 instagramers de EM más mencionados por los encuestados. Así, destaca que IG es la red social preferida por los pacientes de EM, que consumen principalmente contenido sobre avances en investigación y testimonios, manteniendo a su neurólogo/a como fuente fiable, dejando a un lado a los medios de comunicación convencionales. Un recurso valioso para la gestión de la EM, donde la alfabetización digital es indispensable para llegar a más pacientes. Una oportunidad para optimizar la e-salud, donde aún queda mucho por trabajar.

The great global migration that took place between the mid-19th century and the beginning of the 20th century saw hundreds of millions of people around the world cross the border of their country to go to another. In this scenario, and unlike other South American countries, Colombia was not a great recipient of immigrants. However, some of those who arrived, including Jews of different origins, faced restrictions to enter the country, which increased particularly in the 1930s, and under governments of different ideological tendencies. The aim of this article is to characterize the discourses, policies and perceptions around Jewish immigration in Colombia during the first four decades of the last century, considering multiple conceptions on issues such as race and nation and their supposed links with progress as framework., Los grandes flujos migratorios globales que tuvieron lugar entre mediados del siglo XIX e inicios del XX vieron a cientos de millones de personas en todo el mundo cruzar la frontera de su país para ir a otro. En ese escenario, y a diferencia de otros países suramericanos, Colombia no fue un gran receptor de inmigrantes. Sin embargo, algunos de quienes llegaron, entre ellos judíos de distintos orígenes, enfrentaron restricciones para su ingreso al país, que fueron incrementándose particularmente en la década de los años treinta, todo ello bajo gobiernos, en principio, de distintas vertientes ideológicas. Este artículo tiene el propósito de caracterizar los discursos, políticas y percepciones alrededor de la inmigración judía en Colombia durante las primeras cuatro décadas del siglo pasado, en el marco de una serie concepciones sobre cuestiones como la raza y la nación y sus supuestas vinculaciones con las posibilidades de progreso.

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a prevalent and aggressive form of cancer with high mortality rates and significant implications for nutritional status. Accurate assessment of malnutrition in patients with HNC is crucial for optimizing treatment outcomes and improving survival rates. This study aimed to evaluate the use of ultrasound techniques for predicting nutritional status, malnutrition, and cancer outcomes in patients with HNC. A total of 494 patients with HNC were included in this cross-sectional observational study. Various tools and body composition measurements, including muscle mass and adipose tissue ultrasound evaluations, were implemented. Using regression models, we mainly found that high levels of RF-CSA (rectus femoris cross-sectional area) were associated with a decreased risk of malnutrition (as defined with GLIM criteria (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.68–0.98); as defined with PG-SGA (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.62–0.98)) and sarcopenia (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.49–0.82) after being adjusted for age, sex, and BMI. To predict the importance of muscle mass ultrasound variables on the risk of mortality, a nomogram, a random forest, and decision tree models were conducted. RF-CSA was the most important variable under the random forest model. The obtained C-index for the nomogram was 0.704, and the Brier score was 16.8. With an RF-CSA < 2.7 (AUC of 0.653 (0.59–0.77)) as a split, the decision tree model classified up to 68% of patients as possessing a high probability of survival. According to the cut-off value of 2.7 cm2, patients with a low RF-CSA value lower than 2.7 cm2 had worse survival rates (p < 0.001). The findings of this study highlight the importance of implementing ultrasound tools, for accurate diagnoses and monitoring of malnutrition in patients with HNC. Adipose tissue ultrasound measurements were only weakly associated with malnutrition and not with sarcopenia, indicating that muscle mass is a more important indicator of overall health and nutritional statu

In the original version of this Article, the Acknowledgements section incorrectly omitted one of the funding sources. Incorrect sentence ‘This research was supported by grants PID2019-111068GB-I00 (AEI/FEDER, UE) to A.M., PID2020-117752RB-I00 (AEI/FEDER, UE) to J.M.B., and PID2019-105872GB-I00 and PID2022-137175NB-I00 (AEI/FEDER, UE) to J.M.V. and J.C., and by the Basque Government (grant IT1201-19 to F.M.)’ has been now replaced with ‘This research was supported by grants PID2019-111068GB-I00 (AEI/FEDER, UE) to A.M., PID2020-117752RB-I00 (AEI/FEDER, UE) to J.M.B., and PID2019-105872GB-I00 and PID2022-137175NB-I00 (AEI/FEDER, UE) to J.M.V. and J.C., and by the Basque Government (grants IT1201-19 and IT1745-22) to F.M.)’. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

IEEE 1588, also known as the Precision Time Protocol (PTP), is a standard protocol for clock synchronization in distributed systems. While it is not architecture-specific, implementing IEEE 1588 on Reduced Instruction Set Computer-V (RISC-V) low-power embedded devices demands considering the system requirements and available resources. This paper explores various approaches and techniques to achieve accurate time synchronization in such instruments. The analysis covers software and hardware implementations, discussing each method’s challenges, benefits, and trade-offs. By examining the state-of-the-art in this field, this paper provides valuable insights and guidance for researchers and engineers working on time-critical applications in RISC-V-based embedded systems, aiding in selecting the most-suitable stack for their designs.

De antemano, cabe agradecer a los amables lectores que ahora se disponen a leer el segundo tomo de Pensar la infancia II. La distribución de este tomo, así como aquella del tercer tomo de este segundo volumen de la serie «Pensar la infancia», fue pensada de tal manera que compartiesen el acápite «Infancia e investigación», ya que en estos dos tomos finales se presentan trece capítulos y dos reseñas, cuyo rasgo en común consiste en diversos asedios temáticos por parte de profesores, estudiantes y egresados de la Maestría en Infancia, los cuales contemplan las siguientes categorías de análisis: (1) las representaciones sociales, los hábitos (rutinas) y la memoria; (2) los textos escolares, los saberes y la agencia; y (3) las emociones y la participación. A ese respecto, cabe mencionar que la agrupación de los diversos capítulos, más que responder a un criterio arbitrario, correspondió a la búsqueda de un tránsito afable para el lector entre las categorías de análisis que se presentan entre un capítulo y el siguiente. Sin embargo, como toda organización, no se encuentra exenta de cierta provisionalidad y siempre se hallará a merced de los amables lectores y sus inquietudes disciplinares específicas. En esa medida, este segundo tomo profundiza en la comprensión de las representaciones sociales, las reproducciones culturales, los hábitos y rutinas, y la memoria o el recuerdo como vías de acercamiento analítico a fenómenos y problemáticas complejas como la violencia (bipartidista y posterior) en diversas territorialidades, la cuarentena ocasionada por el COVID-19, la socio motricidad, y los estereotipos de género en relación con los videojuegos; todo lo anterior, direccionado por la preocupación sobre cómo los niños y las niñas agencian y/o perciben dichas problemáticas. Cabe añadir que este tomo cierra con una interesante reseña que ofrece una profundización a la trilogía del oficio, de Jorge Larrosa, en donde se ofrece una ventana a sus reflexiones; desde la filosofía d

Background Coronary artery calcium (CAC) has prognostic value for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in asymptomatic individuals, whereas its role in symptomatic patients is less clear. Purpose To assess the prognostic value of CAC scoring for MACE in participants with stable chest pain initially referred for invasive coronary angiography (ICA). Materials and Methods This prespecified subgroup analysis from the Diagnostic Imaging Strategies for Patients With Stable Chest Pain and Intermediate Risk of Coronary Artery Disease (DISCHARGE) trial, conducted between October 2015 and April 2019 across 26 centers in 16 countries, focused on adult patients with stable chest pain referred for ICA. Participants were randomly assigned to undergo either ICA or coronary CT. CAC scores from noncontrast CT scans were categorized into low, intermediate, and high groups based on scores of 0, 1–399, and 400 or higher, respectively. The end point of the study was the occurrence of MACE (myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death) over a median 3.5-year follow-up, analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression tests. Results The study involved 1749 participants (mean age, 60 years ± 10 [SD]; 992 female). The prevalence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) at CT angiography rose from 4.1% (95% CI: 2.8, 5.8) in the CAC score 0 group to 76.1% (95% CI: 70.3, 81.2) in the CAC score 400 or higher group. Revascularization rates increased from 1.7% to 46.2% across the same groups (P < .001). The CAC score 0 group had a lower MACE risk (0.5%; HR, 0.08 [95% CI: 0.02, 0.30]; P < .001), as did the 1–399 CAC score group (1.9%; HR, 0.27 [95% CI: 0.13, 0.59]; P = .001), compared with the 400 or higher CAC score group (6.8%). No significant difference in MACE between sexes was observed (P = .68). Conclusion In participants with stable chest pain initially referred for ICA, a CAC score of 0 showed very low risk, Background: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) has prognostic value for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in asymptomatic individuals, whereas its role in symptomatic patients is less clear. Purpose: To assess the prognostic value of CAC scoring for MACE in participants with stable chest pain initially referred for invasive coronary angiography (ICA). Materials and Methods: This prespecified subgroup analysis from the Diagnostic Imaging Strategies for Patients With Stable Chest Pain and Intermediate Risk of Coronary Artery Disease (DISCHARGE) trial, conducted between October 2015 and April 2019 across 26 centers in 16 countries, focused on adult patients with stable chest pain referred for ICA. Participants were randomly assigned to undergo either ICA or coronary CT. CAC scores from noncontrast CT scans were categorized into low, intermediate, and high groups based on scores of 0, 1-399, and 400 or higher, respectively. The end point of the study was the occurrence of MACE (myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death) over a median 3.5-year follow-up, analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression tests. Results: The study involved 1749 participants (mean age, 60 years ± 10 [SD]; 992 female). The prevalence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) at CT angiography rose from 4.1% (95% CI: 2.8, 5.8) in the CAC score 0 group to 76.1% (95% CI: 70.3, 81.2) in the CAC score 400 or higher group. Revascularization rates increased from 1.7% to 46.2% across the same groups (P < .001). The CAC score 0 group had a lower MACE risk (0.5%; HR, 0.08 [95% CI: 0.02, 0.30]; P < .001), as did the 1-399 CAC score group (1.9%; HR, 0.27 [95% CI: 0.13, 0.59]; P = .001), compared with the 400 or higher CAC score group (6.8%). No significant difference in MACE between sexes was observed (P = .68). Conclusion: In participants with stable chest pain initially referred for ICA, a CAC score of 0 showed very low risk of MACE, and higher CAC scores showed increasin

Research on affective polarization is at its peak. Causes that intensify or mitigate the affective polarization environments in the contemporary democracies, as well as their consequences, remain the subject of debate. What is the relationship between the mass media and social media and affective polarization climates? Traditional and social media are inserted into a macro structure in which circulate the bulk of the political information that can be consumed, so it is necessary an examination of their role. This systematic literature review addresses all articles in the Web of Science database on the subject without restrictions (N=73). After reading the articles, the main evidence, trends, consensus, and disagreements on the subject, as well as recommendations for future researchers, are presented. The results point to minimal and heterogeneous media effects in researchs very focused on polarizing rather than depolarizing effects. It should be noted that there is greater heterogeneity and partisan moderation in information consumption than expected., La investigación sobre la polarización afectiva está en su apogeo. Las causas que intensifican o mitigan los climas de polarización afectiva en las democracias contemporáneas, así como sus consecuencias, siguen siendo objeto de debate. ¿Cuál es la relación entre los medios de comunicación de masas y sociales y los climas de polarización afectiva? Los medios de comunicación tradicionales y sociales están insertos en una macroestructura por la que circula la mayor parte de la información política que se puede consumir, por lo que es necesario examinar su papel. Esta revisión sistemática de la literatura aborda todos los artículos de la base de datos Web of Science sobre el tema sin restricciones (N=73). Tras la lectura de los artículos, se presentan las principales evidencias, tendencias, consensos y desacuerdos sobre el tema, así como recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones. Los resultados apuntan a efectos mediáticos limitados o mínimos y heterogéneos en una investigación muy centrada en los efectos polarizadores más que en los depolarizadores. También apuntan a una mayor heterogeneidad y moderación partidista de lo esperado en el consumo de información.

Recombinant allergens are currently the best option for serodiagnosis of human anisakiasis in terms of sensitivity and specificity. However, previous reports showed high rates of anisakiasis patients who were negative to Ani s 7 and especially to Ani s 1. Recently, Anisakis haemoglobin was described as a major allergen (Ani s 13). Although Ani s 13 belongs to a conserved protein family, it seems not to be a cross-reacting antigen because of the absence of IgE recognition against Ascaris haemoglobin in Anisakis patients. The aim of this study is to develop a more sensitive and specific diagnosis tool for Anisakis based on the recently discovered allergen Ani s 13. We obtained and purified recombinant Anisakis haemoglobin (rAni s 13) and the native form (nAni s 13). The recognition of both recombinant and native haemoglobins by anti-haemoglobin IgE from patients' sera was assessed by indirect ELISA and immunoblotting using 43 Anisakis sensitised patients and 44 non-Anisakis sensitised patients. Native Ani s 13 was also treated with periodate to study if oxidation of glycans destroys antibody binding. Furthermore, it was structurally characterised by negative staining electron microscopy and analytical ultracentrifugation. Recombinant Ani s 13 was only recognised by four patients with gastro-allergic anisakiasis (GAA) and immunoblotting analyses showed no bands. However, nAni s 13 was detected by 72.1% of Anisakis sensitised patients measured by indirect ELISA. Particularly, 18 (90%) out of 20 GAA patients were positive. Tetramers and octamers were the most abundant homomers of nAni s 13 but octamers had higher content of bound heme. None of the non-Anisakis sensitised patients were positive. Combined use of purified native form of Ani s 13 with current gold standards would improve the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing anisakiasis., Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Depto. de Microbiología y Parasitología, Fac. de Farmacia, TRUE, pub

The invertebrate panallergen tropomyosin is a protein with an extremely simple folding. This makes it a perfect target for investigating structural differences between invertebrate and vertebrate tropomyosins, which are not considered allergenic. Phylogenetic and sequence analyses were conducted in order to explore the differences in primary structure between several tropomyosins and to promote an experimental development in the field of food allergy, based on the study of tropomyosin. The phylogenetic analyses showed that tropomyosin is a useful evolutionary marker. The phylogenetic trees obtained with tropomyosin were not always phylogenetically correct, but they might be useful for allergen avoidance by tropomyosin allergic individuals. Sequence analyses revealed that the probability of alpha helix folding in invertebrate tropomyosins was lower than in all the studied vertebrate ones, except for the Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus tropomyosin. This suggested that the lack of alpha helix folding may be involved in the immunogenicity of tropomyosins. More specifically, the regions adjacent to the positions 133-135 and 201 of the invertebrate tropomyosins, presented lower probability of alpha helix folding than those of vertebrates and are candidates to be responsible for their allergenicity., Fundación Ramón Areces, Depto. de Microbiología y Parasitología, Fac. de Farmacia, TRUE, pub

Background Lymphopenia is associated with various pathologies such as sepsis, burns, trauma, general anesthesia and major surgeries. All these pathologies are clinically expressed by the socalled Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome which does not include lymphopenia into defining criteria. The main objective of this work was to analyze the diagnosis of patients admitted to a hospital related to lymphopenia during hospital stay. In addition, we investigated the relationship of lymphopenia with the four levels of the Severity of Illness (SOI) and the Risk of Mortality (ROM). Method and findings Lymphopenia was defined as Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) <1.0 x109/L. ALC were analyzed every day since admission. The four levels (minor, moderate, major and extreme risk) of both SOI and ROM were assessed. A total of 58,260 hospital admissions were analyzed. More than 41% of the patients had lymphopenia during hospital stay. The mean time to death was shorter among patients with lymphopenia on admission 65.6 days (CI95%, 57.3–73.8) vs 89.9 (CI95%, 82.4–97.4), P<0.001. Also, patients with lymphopenia during hospital stay had a shorter time to the mortality, 67.5 (CI95%, 61.1–73.9) vs 96.9 (CI95%, 92.6–101.2), P<0.001. Conclusions Lymphopenia had a high prevalence in hospitalized patients with greater relevance in infectious pathologies. Lymphopenia was related and clearly predicts SOI and ROM at the time of admission, and should be considered as clinical diagnostic criteria to define SIRS., Depto. de Microbiología y Parasitología, Fac. de Farmacia, TRUE, pub

With the exception of tilapia tropomyosin, other anecdotic reports of tropomyosin recognition of vertebrate origin are generally not accompanied by clinical significance and a dogmatic idea is generally accepted about the inexistence of allergenicity of vertebrate tropomyosins, based mainly on sequence similarity evaluations with human tropomyosins. Recently, a specific work-up of a tropomyosin sensitised patient with seafood allergy, demonstrated that the IgE-recognition of tropomyosin from different fish species can be clinically relevant. We hypothesise that some vertebrate tropomyosins could be relevant allergens. The hypothesis is based on the molecular evolution of the proteins and it was tested by in silico methods. Fish, which are primitive vertebrates, could have tropomyosins similar to those of invertebrates. If the hypothesis is confirmed, tropomyosin should be included in different allergy diagnosis tools to improve the medical protocols and management of patients with digestive or cutaneous symptoms after fish intake., Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Depto. de Microbiología y Parasitología, Fac. de Farmacia, TRUE, pub

Background: The Ministry of Health in Mali included the treatment of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) into the package of activities of the integrated community case management (iCCM). This paper evaluates the most effective model of supervision for treating SAM using community health workers (CHWs). Methods: This study was a prospective non-randomized community intervention trial with two intervention groups and one control group with different levels of supervision. It was conducted in three districts in rural areas of the Kayes Region. In the high supervision group, CHWs received supportive supervision for the iCCM package and nutrition-specific supervision. In the light supervision group, CHWs received supportive supervision based on the iCCM package. The control group had no specific supervision. Results: A total of 6112 children aged 6–59 months with SAM without medical complications were included in the study. The proportion of cured children was 81.4% in those treated by CHWs in the high supervision group, 86.2% in the light supervision group, and 66.9% in the control group. Children treated by the CHWs who received some supervision had better outcomes than those treated by unsupervised CHWs (p < 0.001). There was no difference between areas with light and high supervision, although those with high supervision performed better in most of the tasks analyzed. Conclusions: Public policies in low-income countries should be adapted, and their model of supervision of CHWs for SAM treatment in the community should be evaluated., The Innocent Foundation, European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations Commission, Post Code Lottery Foundation, Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

El texto completo de este trabajo no se encuentra disponible por no haber sido facilitado aún por su autor, por restricciones de copyright, o por no existir una versión digital, Superconductivity can be induced in a normal material via the ‘leakage’ of superconducting pairs of charge carriers from an adjacent superconductor. This so-called proximity e ect is markedly influenced by graphene’s unique electronic structure, both in fundamental and technologically relevant ways. These include an unconventional form1,2 of the ‘leakage’ mechanism— the Andreev reflection3—and the potential of supercurrent modulation through electrical gating4 . Despite the interest of high-temperature superconductors in that context5,6 , realizations have been exclusively based on low-temperature ones. Here we demonstrate a gate-tunable, high-temperature superconducting proximity e ect in graphene. Notably, gating e ects result from the perfect transmission of superconducting pairs across an energy barrier—a form of Klein tunnelling7,8 , up to now observed only for non-superconducting carriers9,10— and quantum interferences controlled by graphene doping. Interestingly, we find that this type of interference becomes dominant without the need of ultraclean graphene, in stark contrast to the case of low-temperature superconductors11. These results pave the way to a new class of tunable, high-temperature Josephson devices based on large-scale graphene., Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), EU Work Programme, European Union (EU) Marie Curie Actions, UK Research & Innovation (UKRI), Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Institut Universitaire de France, Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

El texto completo de este trabajo no se encuentra disponible por no haber sido facilitado aún por su autor, por restricciones de copyright, o por no existir una versión digital, An unusual conducting surface state can be produced in SrTiO3 substrates by irradiation with Argon ions from a plasma source, at low energy and high doses. The effects of irradiation are analyzed here by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combined with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Depth sensitive studies demonstrate the existence of a heavily damaged surface layer and an oxygen vacancy rich layer immediately underneath, both induced during the irradiation process. We find a clear dependence of the Ti oxidation state with the depth, with a very intense Ti3+ component near the surface. Oxygen vacancies act as n-type doping by releasing electrons into the lattice and producing an insulator-to-metal transition, which explains the unusual metallic behavior of these samples., Materials Sciences and Engineering Division of the US Department of Energy (DOE), ORNL’s Shared Research Equipment (ShaRE) User Program, ERC starting Investigator Award, Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

In a recent case report, patient's anti-fish tropomyosin IgE was associated with gastrointestinal symptoms. We aimed to demonstrate on a wider scale that the panallergen tropomyosin should not be limited to invertebrate species and that clinically relevant reactions could be elicited by vertebrate tropomyosin. On the whole, 19 patients with adverse reactions after fish intake and showing negative skin tests with commercial fish extracts were included. Fish tropomyosin was recognized by 10/19 patients' IgE by immunoblotting. All patients with gastrointestinal complaints after fish intake (6/6) showed an IgE band matching with tropomyosin. Cod, albacore, and swordfish tropomyosins were recognized by most patients although 3/10 patients did not claim adverse reactions to these fish species. Immunoblotting with a battery of antigens from different fish species have a high yield of positivity at a band matching with tropomyosin molecular weight, even if they have not been claimed to be causative agents of symptoms. Tropomyosin is therefore a good candidate to be investigated as a clinically relevant fish allergen in patients who report adverse reactions after fish intake., Depto. de Microbiología y Parasitología, Fac. de Farmacia, TRUE, pub

Purpose: The gut microbiota plays important roles in health and disease. We questioned whether the gut microbiota and related metabolites are altered in monoclonal gammopathies and evaluated their potential role in multiple myeloma and its response to treatment. Experimental Design: We used 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize and compare the gut microbiota of patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (n ¼ 11), smoldering multiple myeloma (n ¼ 9), newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (n ¼ 11), relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (n ¼ 6), or with complete remission (n ¼ 9). Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) were quantified in serum and tested in cell lines. Relevant metabolites were validated in a second cohort of 62 patients. Results: Significant differences in alpha- and beta diversity were present across the groups and both were lower in patients with relapse/refractory disease and higher in patients with complete remission after treatment. Differences were found in the abundance of several microbiota taxa across disease progression and in response to treatment. Bacteria involved in SCFA production, including Prevotella, Blautia, Weissella, and agathobacter, were more represented in the premalignant or complete remission samples, and patients with higher levels of Agathobacter showed better overall survival. Serum levels of butyrate and propionate decreased across disease progression and butyrate was positively associated with a better response. Both metabolites had antiproliferative effects in multiple myeloma cell lines. Conclusions: We demonstrate that SCFAs metabolites and the gut microbiota associated with their production might have beneficial effects in disease evolution and response to treatment, underscoring its therapeutic potential and value as a predictor., MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, CIBERONC, AECC, Sociedad Espanola de Hematología y Hemoterapia, Depto. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Fac. de Farmacia, TRUE, pub

Gastro-allergic anisakiasis and Anisakis sensitisation associated chronic urticaria are diseases which differ in their IgE and IgG4 responses against both crude extract and specific allergens. Anisakis and Ascaris are closely related nematodes that usually cause problems with specificity in immunodiagnostics. In this study we measured IgE and IgG4 antibodies against Anisakis simplex sensu lato (s. l.) and Ascaris suum haemoglobins in sera of 21 gastro-allergic anisakiasis and 23 chronic urticaria patients. We used a capture ELISA with the anti-Anisakis haemoglobin monoclonal antibody 4E8g, which also recognises Ascaris haemoglobin. In addition, we determined specific IgE and IgG4 to both nematodes by indirect ELISA and immunoblotting. Anti-A. simplex s. l. haemoglobin IgE and IgG4 levels were higher in gastro-allergic anisakiasis than in chronic urticaria patients (P=0.002 and 0.026, respectively). Surprisingly, no patient had detectable IgE levels against A. suum haemoglobin. Finally, we carried out an in silico study of the B-cell epitopes of both haemoglobin molecules. Five epitopes were predicted in Anisakis pegreffii and four in A. suum haemoglobin. The epitope propensity values of Anisakis haemoglobin in the equivalent IgE binding region of the allergenic haemoglobin Chi t 1 from Chironomus thummi, were higher those of the Ascaris haemoglobin. In conclusion, we describe A. simplex haemoglobin as a new major allergen (Ani s 13), being recognised by a large number (64.3%) of sensitised patients and up to 80.9% in patients with gastro-allergic anisakiasis. The presence of a specific epitope and the different values of epitope propensity between Anisakis and Ascaris haemoglobin could explain the lack of cross-reactivity between the two molecules. The absence of IgE reactivity to Ascaris haemoglobin in Anisakis patients makes Anisakis haemoglobin (Ani s 13) a potential candidate for developing more specific diagnosis tools., Mutua Madrileña, Sociedad Española de Alergología e Inmunología Clínica, Fundación Ramón Areces, Allergy Society of South Africa, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Australian Research Council, Depto. de Microbiología y Parasitología, Fac. de Farmacia, TRUE, pub

Generation, manipulation, and sensing of magnetic domain walls are cornerstones in the design of efficient spintronic devices. Half-metals are amenable for this purpose as large low field magnetoresistance signals can be expected from spin accumulation at spin textures. Among half metals, La1−xSrxMnO3 (LSMO) manganites are considered as promising candidates for their robust half-metallic ground state, Curie temperature above room temperature (Tc = 360 K, for x = 1/3), and chemical stability. Yet domain wall magnetoresistance is poorly understood, with large discrepancies in the reported values and conflicting interpretation of experimental data due to the entanglement of various source of magnetoresistance, namely, spin accumulation, anisotropic magnetoresistance, and colossal magnetoresistance. In this work, the domain wall magnetoresistance is measured in LSMO cross-shape nanowires with single-domain walls nucleated across the current path. Magnetoresistance values above 10% are found to be originating at the spin accumulation caused by the mistracking effect of the spin texture of the domain wall by the conduction electrons. Fundamentally, this result shows the importance on non-adiabatic processes at spin textures despite the strong Hund coupling to the localized t2g electrons of the manganite. These large magnetoresistance values are high enough for encoding and reading magnetic bits in future oxide spintronic sensors., Unión Europea Horizonte 2020, Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid, Gobierno de España, Depto. de Física de Materiales, Fac. de Ciencias Físicas, TRUE, pub

Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Depto. de Microbiología y Parasitología, Fac. de Farmacia, TRUE, pub

Background: In 2015, the Ministry of Health in Mali included the treatment of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) into the package of activities of the integrated Community Case Management (iCCM). This paper aims to analyze the impact of including community health workers (CHWs) as treatment providers outside the Health Facilities (HFs) on the coverage of SAM treatment when scaling up the intervention in the three largest districts of the Kayes Region in Mali. Methods: A baseline coverage assessment was conducted in August 2017 in the three districts before the CHWs started treating SAM. The end-line assessment was conducted one year later, in August 2018. Coverage was assessed by the standardized methodology called Semi-Quantitative Evaluation of Access and Coverage (SQUEAC). The primary outcome was treatment coverage and other variables evaluated were the geographical distribution of the HFs, CHW’s sites and overlapping between both health providers, the estimation of children with geographical access to health care and the estimation of children screened for acute malnutrition in their communities. Results: Treatment coverage increased in Kayes (28.7–57.1%) and Bafoulabé (20.4–61.1%) but did not in Kita (28.4–28.5%). The decentralization of treatment has not had the same impact on coverage in all districts, with significant differences. The geospatial analyses showed that Kita had a high proportion of overlap between HFs and/or CHWs 48.7% (39.2–58.2), a high proportion of children without geographical access to health care 70.4% (70.1–70.6), and a high proportion of children not screened for SAM in their communities 52.2% (51.9–52.5). Conclusions: Working with CHWs in SAM increases treatment coverage, but other critical aspects need to be considered by policymakers if this intervention model is intended to be scaled up at the country level. To improve families’ access to nutritional health care, before establishing decentralized treatment in a whole region it must be, The Innocent Foundation, The European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operation (ECHO), Post Code Lottery Foundation, Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

Purpose: Pectoralis major transfer is indicated for irreparable subscapularis tendon tears. One surgical option is transferring the sternal part of the pectoralis major to the humeral insertion of the subscapularis under the conjoined tendon of the coracobrachialis and biceps muscles. The purpose of this study is to define the anatomical relationship between the transferred tendon and the musculocutaneous nerve. Methods: In 52 cadaveric fresh-frozen shoulders, the relevant structures were dissected and a pectoralis major transfer was performed. The relationship between the transferred tendon, the musculocutaneous nerve branches distally and the coracoid process proximally was examined. Measurements were taken at the conjoined tendon level. Results: The distance between the coracoid process and the most proximal musculocutaneous nerve branch was 54.2 ± 33.2 mm. In 25 cases (48%), the transferred tendon passed freely between both structures. In 16 cases (31%), there was contact distally with the musculocutaneous nerve. In 11 cases (21%), there was contact both proximally with the coracoid process and distally with the musculocutaneous nerve, making a safe transfer impossible. Conclusions: When performing a pectoralis major transfer, it is essential to identify the musculocutaneous nerve and its branches. In some cases, a subcoracobicipital transfer may not be feasible and a more superficial transfer should be considered., Depto. de Anatomía y Embriología, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub

Microsporidia are opportunistic intracellular parasites, generating serious pathology in individuals with a compromised immune system. Infection by microsporidia inhibits p53 and Caspase 3, proteins involved in apoptosis and the cell cycle, which are vital in the malignant process of epithelial cells. The presence of microsporidia in the intestinal tissues of 87 colon cancer (CC) patients and 25 healthy controls was analyzed by real-time PCR and an immunofluorescence antibody test. Anti-Encephalitozoon antibodies were analyzed in serum samples by ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). In 36 (41.3%) CC cases, microsporidia infections were identified in their tissues vs. no cases among control subjects (p < 0.0001). An increase in IgG and IgE anti-Encephalitozoon antibodies was found in patients with CC, which would demonstrate continuous and previous contact with the parasite. The high prevalence of microsporidia in tissues and the seroprevalence in patients with CC suggest a relationship between microsporidia and the etiopathogenesis of CC., Banco Santander Foundation-CEU Foundation, Depto. de Microbiología y Parasitología, Fac. de Farmacia, TRUE, pub

Background: Genioplasty as an isolated surgical technique is a highly demanded procedure in the maxillofacial surgery area. Advances in facial reconstructive surgery have been associated with less morbidity and more predictable results. In this paper, “conventional” genioplasty and genioplasty by means of virtual surgical planning (VSP), CAD-CAM cutting guides, and patient custom-made plates are compared. Methods: A descriptive observational study was designed and implemented, and 43 patients were treated, differentiating two groups according to the technique: 18 patients were treated by conventional surgery, and 25 patients were treated through virtual surgical planning (VSP), CAD-CAM cutting guides, STL models, and titanium patient-specific plates. Results: The operation time ranged from 35 to 107 min. The mean operative time in the conventional group was 60.06 + 3.74 min.; in the custom treatment group it was 42.24 + 1.29 min (p < 0.001). The difference between planned and obtained chin changes in cases of advancement or retrusion was not statistically significant (p = 0.125; p = 0.216). In cases of chin rotation due to asymmetry, guided and personalized surgery was superior to conventional surgery (p < 0.01). The mean hospital stay was equal in both groups. A decrease in surgical complications was observed in the group undergoing VSP and customized treatment. Conclusions: Multi-stage implementation of VSP with CAD-CAM cutting guides, STL models, and patient-specific plates increased the accuracy of the genioplasty surgery, particularly in cases of chin asymmetry, reducing operation time and potential complications., Depto. de Salud Pública y Materno - Infantil, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub, Descuento UCM

Background: The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), in its 8th edition, introduces modifications to the previous TNM classification, incorporating tumour depth of invasion (DOI). The aim of this research is to analyse the prognosis (in terms of disease-free survival and overall survival) of clinical early stage (I and II) squamous cell carcinomas of the oral tongue according to the DOI levels established by the AJCC in its latest TNM classification to assess changes to the T category and global staging system and to evaluate the association between DOI and other histological risk factors. Methods: A retrospective longitudinal observational study of a series of cases was designed. All patients were treated with upfront surgery at our institution between 2010 and 2019. The variables of interest were defined and classified into four groups: demographic, clinical, histological and evolutive control. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out and survival functions were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Statistical significance was established for p values below 0.05. Results: Sixty-one patients were included. The average follow-up time was 47.42 months. Fifteen patients presented a loco-regional relapse (24.59%) and five developed distant disease (8.19%). Twelve patients died (19.67%). Statistically significant differences were observed, with respect to disease-free survival (p = 0.043), but not with respect to overall survival (p = 0.139). A total of 49.1% of the sample upstaged their T category and 29.5% underwent modifications of their global stage. The analysis of the relationship between DOI with other histological variables showed a significant association with the presence of pathological cervical nodes (p = 0.012), perineural invasion (p = 0.004) and tumour differentiation grade (p = 0.034). Multivariate analysis showed association between depth of invasion and perineural invasion. Conclusions: Depth of invasion is a histological risk f, Depto. de Salud Pública y Materno - Infantil, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub, Descuento UCM

Lymph node density (LND)—the proportion of positive nodes among the total number of resected nodes—has emerged as a reliable prognostic factor in solid tumors. This study aims to assess the importance of LND in lingual squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and its prognostic involvement. A retrospective longitudinal study with 62 patients was performed. All patients were diagnosed with LSCC and submitted for tumor resection and neck dissection. Patients were stratified into low (<0.04) and high risk (≥0.04) based on LND. We analyzed the impact of LND on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), as well as the relationship between LND and the pathological staging, the involvement of positive margins, depth of invasion (DOI) and perineural infiltration. This study provides a substantial relationship between lymph node density (LND), overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in lingual squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). A statistically significant distribution was found between LND, perineural infiltration and pathological staging, whereas no association was found with the rest of the prognostic variables analyzed., Depto. de Cirugía, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub, Descuento UCM