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14 results on '"Birhanu, MM"'

1. Risk factors for COVID-19 infection, disease severity and related deaths in Africa: a systematic review

Author

Gesesew, HA, Koye, DN, Fetene, DM, Woldegiorgis, M, Kinfu, Y, Geleto, AB, Melaku, YA, Mohammed, H, Alene, KA, Awoke, MA, Birhanu, MM, Gebremedhin, AT, Gelaw, YA, Shifti, DM, Muluneh, MD, Tegegne, TK, Abrha, S, Aregay, AF, Ayalew, MB, Gebre, AK, Gebremariam, KT, Gebremedhin, T, Gebremichael, L, Leshargie, CT, Kibret, GD, Meazaw, MW, Mekonnen, AB, Tekle, DY, Tesema, AG, Tesfay, FH, Tesfaye, W, Wubishet, BL, Dachew, BA, Adane, AA, Gesesew, HA, Koye, DN, Fetene, DM, Woldegiorgis, M, Kinfu, Y, Geleto, AB, Melaku, YA, Mohammed, H, Alene, KA, Awoke, MA, Birhanu, MM, Gebremedhin, AT, Gelaw, YA, Shifti, DM, Muluneh, MD, Tegegne, TK, Abrha, S, Aregay, AF, Ayalew, MB, Gebre, AK, Gebremariam, KT, Gebremedhin, T, Gebremichael, L, Leshargie, CT, Kibret, GD, Meazaw, MW, Mekonnen, AB, Tekle, DY, Tesema, AG, Tesfay, FH, Tesfaye, W, Wubishet, BL, Dachew, BA, and Adane, AA

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive evidence on risk factors for transmission, disease severity and COVID-19 related deaths in Africa. Design A systematic review has been conducted to synthesise existing evidence on risk factors affecting COVID-19 outcomes across Africa. Data sources Data were systematically searched from MEDLINE, Scopus, MedRxiv and BioRxiv. Eligibility criteria Studies for review were included if they were published in English and reported at least one risk factor and/or one health outcome. We included all relevant literature published up until 11 August 2020. Data extraction and synthesis We performed a systematic narrative synthesis to describe the available studies for each outcome. Data were extracted using a standardised Joanna Briggs Institute data extraction form. Results Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria of which four were exclusively on Africa and the remaining 11 papers had a global focus with some data from Africa. Higher rates of infection in Africa are associated with high population density, urbanisation, transport connectivity, high volume of tourism and international trade, and high level of economic and political openness. Limited or poor access to healthcare are also associated with higher COVID-19 infection rates. Older people and individuals with chronic conditions such as HIV, tuberculosis and anaemia experience severe forms COVID-19 leading to hospitalisation and death. Similarly, high burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, high prevalence of tobacco consumption and low levels of expenditure on health and low levels of global health security score contribute to COVID-19 related deaths. Conclusions Demographic, institutional, ecological, health system and politico-economic factors influenced the spectrum of COVID-19 infection, severity and death. We recommend multidisciplinary and integrated approaches to mitigate the identified factors and strengthen effective prevention strategi

Published
2021

2. Risk factors for COVID-19 infection, disease severity and related deaths in Africa: A systematic review

Author

Gesesew, HA, Koye, DN, Fetene, DM, Woldegiorgis, M, Kinfu, Y, Geleto, AB, Melaku, YA, Mohammed, H, Alene, KA, Awoke, MA, Birhanu, MM, Gebremedhin, AT, Gelaw, YA, Shifti, DM, Muluneh, MD, Tegegne, TK, Abrha, S, Aregay, AF, Ayalew, MB, Gebre, AK, Gebremariam, KT, Gebremedhin, T, Gebremichael, L, Leshargie, CT, Kibret, GD, Meazaw, MW, Mekonnen, AB, Tekle, DY, Tesema, AG, Tesfay, FH, Tesfaye, W, Wubishet, BL, Dachew, BA, Adane, AA, Gesesew, HA, Koye, DN, Fetene, DM, Woldegiorgis, M, Kinfu, Y, Geleto, AB, Melaku, YA, Mohammed, H, Alene, KA, Awoke, MA, Birhanu, MM, Gebremedhin, AT, Gelaw, YA, Shifti, DM, Muluneh, MD, Tegegne, TK, Abrha, S, Aregay, AF, Ayalew, MB, Gebre, AK, Gebremariam, KT, Gebremedhin, T, Gebremichael, L, Leshargie, CT, Kibret, GD, Meazaw, MW, Mekonnen, AB, Tekle, DY, Tesema, AG, Tesfay, FH, Tesfaye, W, Wubishet, BL, Dachew, BA, and Adane, AA

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive evidence on risk factors for transmission, disease severity and COVID-19 related deaths in Africa. Design A systematic review has been conducted to synthesise existing evidence on risk factors affecting COVID-19 outcomes across Africa. Data sources Data were systematically searched from MEDLINE, Scopus, MedRxiv and BioRxiv. Eligibility criteria Studies for review were included if they were published in English and reported at least one risk factor and/or one health outcome. We included all relevant literature published up until 11 August 2020. Data extraction and synthesis We performed a systematic narrative synthesis to describe the available studies for each outcome. Data were extracted using a standardised Joanna Briggs Institute data extraction form. Results Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria of which four were exclusively on Africa and the remaining 11 papers had a global focus with some data from Africa. Higher rates of infection in Africa are associated with high population density, urbanisation, transport connectivity, high volume of tourism and international trade, and high level of economic and political openness. Limited or poor access to healthcare are also associated with higher COVID-19 infection rates. Older people and individuals with chronic conditions such as HIV, tuberculosis and anaemia experience severe forms COVID-19 leading to hospitalisation and death. Similarly, high burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, high prevalence of tobacco consumption and low levels of expenditure on health and low levels of global health security score contribute to COVID-19 related deaths. Conclusions Demographic, institutional, ecological, health system and politico-economic factors influenced the spectrum of COVID-19 infection, severity and death. We recommend multidisciplinary and integrated approaches to mitigate the identified factors and strengthen effective prevention strategi

Published
2021

3. COVID-19 in Ethiopia: A geospatial analysis of vulnerability to infection, case severity and death

Author

Alene, KA, Gelaw, YA, Fetene, DM, Koye, DN, Melaku, YA, Gesesew, H, Birhanu, MM, Adane, AA, Muluneh, MD, Dachew, BA, Abrha, S, Aregay, A, Ayele, AA, Bezabhe, WM, Gebremariam, KT, Gebremedhin, T, Gebremedhin, AT, Gebremichael, L, Geleto, AB, Kassahun, HT, Kibret, GD, Leshargie, CT, Mekonnen, A, Mirkuzie, AH, Mohammed, H, Tegegn, HG, Tesema, AG, Tesfay, FH, Wubishet, BL, Kinfu, Y, Alene, KA, Gelaw, YA, Fetene, DM, Koye, DN, Melaku, YA, Gesesew, H, Birhanu, MM, Adane, AA, Muluneh, MD, Dachew, BA, Abrha, S, Aregay, A, Ayele, AA, Bezabhe, WM, Gebremariam, KT, Gebremedhin, T, Gebremedhin, AT, Gebremichael, L, Geleto, AB, Kassahun, HT, Kibret, GD, Leshargie, CT, Mekonnen, A, Mirkuzie, AH, Mohammed, H, Tegegn, HG, Tesema, AG, Tesfay, FH, Wubishet, BL, and Kinfu, Y

Abstract

Background COVID-19 has caused a global public health crisis affecting most countries, including Ethiopia, in various ways. This study maps the vulnerability to infection, case severity and likelihood of death from COVID-19 in Ethiopia. Methods Thirty-eight potential indicators of vulnerability to COVID-19 infection, case severity and likelihood of death, identified based on a literature review and the availability of nationally representative data at a low geographic scale, were assembled from multiple sources for geospatial analysis. Geospatial analysis techniques were applied to produce maps showing the vulnerability to infection, case severity and likelihood of death in Ethiopia at a spatial resolution of 1 km×1 km. Results This study showed that vulnerability to COVID-19 infection is likely to be high across most parts of Ethiopia, particularly in the Somali, Afar, Amhara, Oromia and Tigray regions. The number of severe cases of COVID-19 infection requiring hospitalisation and intensive care unit admission is likely to be high across Amhara, most parts of Oromia and some parts of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Region. The risk of COVID-19-related death is high in the country's border regions, where public health preparedness for responding to COVID-19 is limited. Conclusion This study revealed geographical differences in vulnerability to infection, case severity and likelihood of death from COVID-19 in Ethiopia. The study offers maps that can guide the targeted interventions necessary to contain the spread of COVID-19 in Ethiopia.

Published
2021

4. COVID-19 in Ethiopia: A geospatial analysis of vulnerability to infection, case severity and death

Author

Alene, KA, Gelaw, YA, Fetene, DM, Koye, DN, Melaku, YA, Gesesew, H, Birhanu, MM, Adane, AA, Muluneh, MD, Dachew, BA, Abrha, S, Aregay, A, Ayele, AA, Bezabhe, WM, Gebremariam, KT, Gebremedhin, T, Gebremedhin, AT, Gebremichael, L, Geleto, AB, Kassahun, HT, Kibret, GD, Leshargie, CT, Mekonnen, Alemayehu, Mirkuzie, AH, Mohammed, H, Tegegn, HG, Tesema, AG, Tesfay, Fisaha, Wubishet, BL, Kinfu, Y, Alene, KA, Gelaw, YA, Fetene, DM, Koye, DN, Melaku, YA, Gesesew, H, Birhanu, MM, Adane, AA, Muluneh, MD, Dachew, BA, Abrha, S, Aregay, A, Ayele, AA, Bezabhe, WM, Gebremariam, KT, Gebremedhin, T, Gebremedhin, AT, Gebremichael, L, Geleto, AB, Kassahun, HT, Kibret, GD, Leshargie, CT, Mekonnen, Alemayehu, Mirkuzie, AH, Mohammed, H, Tegegn, HG, Tesema, AG, Tesfay, Fisaha, Wubishet, BL, and Kinfu, Y

Published
2021

5. Risk factors for COVID-19 infection, disease severity and related deaths in Africa: A systematic review

Author

Gesesew, HA, Koye, DN, Fetene, DM, Woldegiorgis, M, Kinfu, Y, Geleto, AB, Melaku, YA, Mohammed, H, Alene, KA, Awoke, MA, Birhanu, MM, Gebremedhin, AT, Gelaw, YA, Shifti, DM, Muluneh, MD, Tegegne, Teketo, Abrha, S, Aregay, AF, Ayalew, MB, Gebre, AK, Gebremariam, KT, Gebremedhin, T, Gebremichael, L, Leshargie, CT, Kibret, GD, Meazaw, MW, Mekonnen, Alemayehu, Tekle, DY, Tesema, AG, Tesfay, Fisaha, Tesfaye, W, Wubishet, BL, Dachew, BA, Adane, AA, Gesesew, HA, Koye, DN, Fetene, DM, Woldegiorgis, M, Kinfu, Y, Geleto, AB, Melaku, YA, Mohammed, H, Alene, KA, Awoke, MA, Birhanu, MM, Gebremedhin, AT, Gelaw, YA, Shifti, DM, Muluneh, MD, Tegegne, Teketo, Abrha, S, Aregay, AF, Ayalew, MB, Gebre, AK, Gebremariam, KT, Gebremedhin, T, Gebremichael, L, Leshargie, CT, Kibret, GD, Meazaw, MW, Mekonnen, Alemayehu, Tekle, DY, Tesema, AG, Tesfay, Fisaha, Tesfaye, W, Wubishet, BL, Dachew, BA, and Adane, AA

Abstract

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive evidence on risk factors for transmission, disease severity and COVID-19 related deaths in Africa.DesignA systematic review has been conducted to synthesise existing evidence on risk factors affecting COVID-19 outcomes across Africa.Data sourcesData were systematically searched from MEDLINE, Scopus, MedRxiv and BioRxiv.Eligibility criteriaStudies for review were included if they were published in English and reported at least one risk factor and/or one health outcome. We included all relevant literature published up until 11 August 2020.Data extraction and synthesisWe performed a systematic narrative synthesis to describe the available studies for each outcome. Data were extracted using a standardised Joanna Briggs Institute data extraction form.ResultsFifteen articles met the inclusion criteria of which four were exclusively on Africa and the remaining 11 papers had a global focus with some data from Africa. Higher rates of infection in Africa are associated with high population density, urbanisation, transport connectivity, high volume of tourism and international trade, and high level of economic and political openness. Limited or poor access to healthcare are also associated with higher COVID-19 infection rates. Older people and individuals with chronic conditions such as HIV, tuberculosis and anaemia experience severe forms COVID-19 leading to hospitalisation and death. Similarly, high burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, high prevalence of tobacco consumption and low levels of expenditure on health and low levels of global health securi

Published
2021

6. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Feigin, VL, Stark, BA, Johnson, CO, Roth, GA, Bisignano, C, Abady, GG, Abbasifard, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abd-Allah, F, Abedi, V, Abualhasan, A, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Abushouk, AI, Adebayo, OM, Agarwal, G, Agasthi, P, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, S, Salih, YA, Aji, B, Akbarpour, S, Akinyemi, RO, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, RM, Salman, RAS, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Anderson, JA, Ansar, A, Antonazzo, IC, Arabloo, J, Ärnlöv, J, Artanti, KD, Aryan, Z, Asgari, S, Ashraf, T, Athar, M, Atreya, A, Ausloos, M, Baig, AA, Baltatu, OC, Banach, M, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, TW, Barone, MTU, Basu, S, Bazmandegan, G, Beghi, E, Beheshti, M, Béjot, Y, Bell, AW, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Bezabhe, WM, Bezabih, YM, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Birhanu, MM, Boloor, A, Bonny, A, Brauer, M, Brenner, H, Bryazka, D, Butt, ZA, Dos Santos, FLC, Campos-Nonato, IR, Cantu-Brito, C, Carrero, JJ, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Catapano, AL, Chakraborty, PA, Charan, J, Choudhari, SG, Chowdhury, EK, Chu, DT, Chung, SC, Colozza, D, Costa, VM, Costanzo, S, Criqui, MH, Dadras, O, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Dalal, K, Damasceno, AAM, D'Amico, E, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Gela, JD, Feigin, VL, Stark, BA, Johnson, CO, Roth, GA, Bisignano, C, Abady, GG, Abbasifard, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abd-Allah, F, Abedi, V, Abualhasan, A, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Abushouk, AI, Adebayo, OM, Agarwal, G, Agasthi, P, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, S, Salih, YA, Aji, B, Akbarpour, S, Akinyemi, RO, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, RM, Salman, RAS, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Anderson, JA, Ansar, A, Antonazzo, IC, Arabloo, J, Ärnlöv, J, Artanti, KD, Aryan, Z, Asgari, S, Ashraf, T, Athar, M, Atreya, A, Ausloos, M, Baig, AA, Baltatu, OC, Banach, M, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, TW, Barone, MTU, Basu, S, Bazmandegan, G, Beghi, E, Beheshti, M, Béjot, Y, Bell, AW, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Bezabhe, WM, Bezabih, YM, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Birhanu, MM, Boloor, A, Bonny, A, Brauer, M, Brenner, H, Bryazka, D, Butt, ZA, Dos Santos, FLC, Campos-Nonato, IR, Cantu-Brito, C, Carrero, JJ, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Catapano, AL, Chakraborty, PA, Charan, J, Choudhari, SG, Chowdhury, EK, Chu, DT, Chung, SC, Colozza, D, Costa, VM, Costanzo, S, Criqui, MH, Dadras, O, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Dalal, K, Damasceno, AAM, D'Amico, E, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, and Gela, JD

Published
2021

7. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Feigin, VL, Stark, BA, Johnson, CO, Roth, GA, Bisignano, C, Abady, GG, Abbasifard, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abd-Allah, F, Abedi, V, Abualhasan, A, Abu-Rmeileh, NM, Abushouk, A, Adebayo, OM, Agarwal, G, Agasthi, P, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, S, Salih, YA, Aji, B, Akbarpour, S, Akinyemi, RO, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, RM, Salman, RA-S, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Anderson, JA, Ansar, A, Antonazzo, IC, Arabloo, J, Arnlov, J, Artanti, KD, Aryan, Z, Asgari, S, Ashraf, T, Athar, M, Atreya, A, Ausloos, M, Baig, AA, Baltatu, OC, Banach, M, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnighausen, TW, Barone, MTU, Basu, S, Bazmandegan, G, Beghi, E, Beheshti, M, Bejot, Y, Bell, AW, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Bezabhe, WM, Bezabih, YM, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Birhanu, MM, Boloor, A, Bonny, A, Brauer, M, Brenner, H, Bryazka, D, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Campos-Nonato, IR, Cantu-Brito, C, Carrero, JJ, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Catapano, AL, Chakraborty, PA, Charan, J, Choudhari, SG, Chowdhury, EK, Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Colozza, D, Costa, VM, Costanzo, S, Criqui, MH, Dadras, O, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Dalal, K, Damasceno, AAM, D'Amico, E, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Gela, JD, Davletov, K, De La Cruz-Gongora, V, Desai, R, Dhamnetiya, D, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhimal, ML, Dhimal, M, Diaz, D, Dichgans, M, Dokova, K, Doshi, R, Douiri, A, Duncan, BB, Eftekharzadeh, S, Ekholuenetale, M, El Nahas, N, Elgendy, IY, Elhadi, M, El-Jaafary, S, Endres, M, Endries, AY, Erku, DA, Faraon, EJA, Farooque, U, Farzadfar, F, Feroze, AH, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flood, D, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, S, Gheshlagh, RG, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Ghozali, G, Ghozy, S, Gialluisi, A, Giampaoli, S, Gilani, SA, Gill, PS, Gnedovskaya, E, Golechha, M, Goulart, AC, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Gupta, VB, Gupta, VK, Gyanwali, P, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Hankey, GJ, Hargono, A, Hashi, A, Hassan, TS, Hassen, HY, Havmoeller, RJ, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Hegazy, M, Herteliu, C, Holla, R, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Huang, J, Humayun, A, Hwang, B-F, Iacoviello, L, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Iqbal, U, Irvani, SSN, Islam, SMS, Ismail, NE, Iso, H, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Jacob, L, Jain, V, Jang, S-I, Jayapal, SK, Jayaram, S, Jayawardena, R, Jeemon, P, Jha, RP, Johnson, WD, Jonas, JB, Joseph, N, Jozwiak, JJ, Jurisson, M, Kalani, R, Kalhor, R, Kalkonde, Y, Kamath, A, Kamiab, Z, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Karch, A, Katoto, PDMC, Kayode, GA, Keshavarz, P, Khader, YS, Khan, EA, Khan, IA, Khan, M, Khan, MAB, Khatib, MN, Khubchandani, J, Kim, GR, Kim, MS, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kivimaki, M, Kolte, D, Koolivand, A, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, V, Krishnamurthi, R, Kumar, GA, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lak, HM, Lallukka, T, Lasrado, S, Lavados, PM, Leonardi, M, Li, B, Li, S, Lin, H, Lin, R-T, Liu, X, Lo, WD, Lorkowski, S, Lucchetti, G, Saute, RL, Razek, HMAE, Magnani, FG, Mahajan, PB, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, AA, Manafi, N, Mansournia, MA, Mantovani, LG, Martini, S, Mazzaglia, G, Mehndiratta, MM, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, A, Mersha, AG, Jonasson, JM, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, IM, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Mokhayeri, Y, Molokhia, M, Moni, MA, Al Montasir, A, Moradzadeh, R, Morawska, L, Morze, J, Muruet, W, Musa, KI, Nagarajan, AJ, Naghavi, M, Swamy, SN, Nascimento, BR, Negoi, RI, Kandel, SN, Trang, HN, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJ, Nwatah, VE, Oancea, B, Odukoya, OO, Olagunju, AT, Orru, H, Owolabi, MO, Padubidri, JR, Pana, A, Parekh, T, Park, E-C, Kan, FP, Pathak, M, Peres, MFP, Perianayagam, A, Truong-Minh, P, Piradov, MA, Podder, V, Polinder, S, Postma, MJ, Pourshams, A, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, MA, Rahmani, AM, Rajai, N, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, CR, Rao, SJ, Rathi, P, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Reitsma, MB, Renjith, V, Renzaho, AMN, Rezapour, A, Rodriguez, JAB, Roever, L, Romoli, M, Rynkiewicz, A, Sacco, S, Sadeghi, M, Moghaddam, SS, Sahebkar, A, Saif-Ur-Rahman, K, Salah, R, Samaei, M, Samy, AM, Santos, IS, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sathian, B, Sattin, D, Schiavolin, S, Schlaich, MP, Schmidt, MI, Schutte, AE, Sepanlou, SG, Seylani, A, Sha, F, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, MA, Shannawaz, M, Shawon, MSR, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shibuya, K, Siabani, S, Silva, DAS, Singh, JA, Singh, JK, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Sobaih, BH, Stortecky, S, Stranges, S, Tadesse, EG, Tarigan, IU, Temsah, M-H, Teuschl, Y, Thrift, AG, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, MR, Bach, XT, Tripathi, M, Tsegaye, GW, Ullah, A, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Vakilian, A, Tahbaz, SV, Vasankari, TJ, Venketasubramanian, N, Vervoort, D, Vo, B, Volovici, V, Vosoughi, K, Giang, TV, Linh, GV, Wafa, HA, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Wijeratne, T, Winkler, AS, Wolfe, CDA, Woodward, M, Wu, JH, Hanson, SW, Xu, X, Yadav, L, Yadollahpour, A, Jabbari, SHY, Yamagishi, K, Yatsuya, H, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zaman, MS, Bin Zaman, S, Zamanian, M, Zand, R, Zandifar, A, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Zhong, C, Zuniga, YMH, Murray, CJL, Feigin, VL, Stark, BA, Johnson, CO, Roth, GA, Bisignano, C, Abady, GG, Abbasifard, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abd-Allah, F, Abedi, V, Abualhasan, A, Abu-Rmeileh, NM, Abushouk, A, Adebayo, OM, Agarwal, G, Agasthi, P, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, S, Salih, YA, Aji, B, Akbarpour, S, Akinyemi, RO, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, RM, Salman, RA-S, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Anderson, JA, Ansar, A, Antonazzo, IC, Arabloo, J, Arnlov, J, Artanti, KD, Aryan, Z, Asgari, S, Ashraf, T, Athar, M, Atreya, A, Ausloos, M, Baig, AA, Baltatu, OC, Banach, M, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnighausen, TW, Barone, MTU, Basu, S, Bazmandegan, G, Beghi, E, Beheshti, M, Bejot, Y, Bell, AW, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Bezabhe, WM, Bezabih, YM, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Birhanu, MM, Boloor, A, Bonny, A, Brauer, M, Brenner, H, Bryazka, D, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Campos-Nonato, IR, Cantu-Brito, C, Carrero, JJ, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Catapano, AL, Chakraborty, PA, Charan, J, Choudhari, SG, Chowdhury, EK, Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Colozza, D, Costa, VM, Costanzo, S, Criqui, MH, Dadras, O, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Dalal, K, Damasceno, AAM, D'Amico, E, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Gela, JD, Davletov, K, De La Cruz-Gongora, V, Desai, R, Dhamnetiya, D, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhimal, ML, Dhimal, M, Diaz, D, Dichgans, M, Dokova, K, Doshi, R, Douiri, A, Duncan, BB, Eftekharzadeh, S, Ekholuenetale, M, El Nahas, N, Elgendy, IY, Elhadi, M, El-Jaafary, S, Endres, M, Endries, AY, Erku, DA, Faraon, EJA, Farooque, U, Farzadfar, F, Feroze, AH, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flood, D, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, S, Gheshlagh, RG, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Ghozali, G, Ghozy, S, Gialluisi, A, Giampaoli, S, Gilani, SA, Gill, PS, Gnedovskaya, E, Golechha, M, Goulart, AC, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Gupta, VB, Gupta, VK, Gyanwali, P, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Hankey, GJ, Hargono, A, Hashi, A, Hassan, TS, Hassen, HY, Havmoeller, RJ, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Hegazy, M, Herteliu, C, Holla, R, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Huang, J, Humayun, A, Hwang, B-F, Iacoviello, L, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Iqbal, U, Irvani, SSN, Islam, SMS, Ismail, NE, Iso, H, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Jacob, L, Jain, V, Jang, S-I, Jayapal, SK, Jayaram, S, Jayawardena, R, Jeemon, P, Jha, RP, Johnson, WD, Jonas, JB, Joseph, N, Jozwiak, JJ, Jurisson, M, Kalani, R, Kalhor, R, Kalkonde, Y, Kamath, A, Kamiab, Z, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Karch, A, Katoto, PDMC, Kayode, GA, Keshavarz, P, Khader, YS, Khan, EA, Khan, IA, Khan, M, Khan, MAB, Khatib, MN, Khubchandani, J, Kim, GR, Kim, MS, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kivimaki, M, Kolte, D, Koolivand, A, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krishnamoorthy, V, Krishnamurthi, R, Kumar, GA, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lak, HM, Lallukka, T, Lasrado, S, Lavados, PM, Leonardi, M, Li, B, Li, S, Lin, H, Lin, R-T, Liu, X, Lo, WD, Lorkowski, S, Lucchetti, G, Saute, RL, Razek, HMAE, Magnani, FG, Mahajan, PB, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, AA, Manafi, N, Mansournia, MA, Mantovani, LG, Martini, S, Mazzaglia, G, Mehndiratta, MM, Menezes, RG, Meretoja, A, Mersha, AG, Jonasson, JM, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, IM, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Mokhayeri, Y, Molokhia, M, Moni, MA, Al Montasir, A, Moradzadeh, R, Morawska, L, Morze, J, Muruet, W, Musa, KI, Nagarajan, AJ, Naghavi, M, Swamy, SN, Nascimento, BR, Negoi, RI, Kandel, SN, Trang, HN, Norrving, B, Noubiap, JJ, Nwatah, VE, Oancea, B, Odukoya, OO, Olagunju, AT, Orru, H, Owolabi, MO, Padubidri, JR, Pana, A, Parekh, T, Park, E-C, Kan, FP, Pathak, M, Peres, MFP, Perianayagam, A, Truong-Minh, P, Piradov, MA, Podder, V, Polinder, S, Postma, MJ, Pourshams, A, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, MA, Rahmani, AM, Rajai, N, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, CR, Rao, SJ, Rathi, P, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Reitsma, MB, Renjith, V, Renzaho, AMN, Rezapour, A, Rodriguez, JAB, Roever, L, Romoli, M, Rynkiewicz, A, Sacco, S, Sadeghi, M, Moghaddam, SS, Sahebkar, A, Saif-Ur-Rahman, K, Salah, R, Samaei, M, Samy, AM, Santos, IS, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sathian, B, Sattin, D, Schiavolin, S, Schlaich, MP, Schmidt, MI, Schutte, AE, Sepanlou, SG, Seylani, A, Sha, F, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, MA, Shannawaz, M, Shawon, MSR, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shibuya, K, Siabani, S, Silva, DAS, Singh, JA, Singh, JK, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Sobaih, BH, Stortecky, S, Stranges, S, Tadesse, EG, Tarigan, IU, Temsah, M-H, Teuschl, Y, Thrift, AG, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, MR, Bach, XT, Tripathi, M, Tsegaye, GW, Ullah, A, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Vakilian, A, Tahbaz, SV, Vasankari, TJ, Venketasubramanian, N, Vervoort, D, Vo, B, Volovici, V, Vosoughi, K, Giang, TV, Linh, GV, Wafa, HA, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y, Wijeratne, T, Winkler, AS, Wolfe, CDA, Woodward, M, Wu, JH, Hanson, SW, Xu, X, Yadav, L, Yadollahpour, A, Jabbari, SHY, Yamagishi, K, Yatsuya, H, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zaman, MS, Bin Zaman, S, Zamanian, M, Zand, R, Zandifar, A, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Zhong, C, Zuniga, YMH, and Murray, CJL

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Regularly updated data on stroke and its pathological types, including data on their incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability, risk factors, and epidemiological trends, are important for evidence-based stroke care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) aims to provide a standardised and comprehensive measurement of these metrics at global, regional, and national levels. METHODS: We applied GBD 2019 analytical tools to calculate stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of DALYs (with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) associated with 19 risk factors, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. These estimates were provided for ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and all strokes combined, and stratified by sex, age group, and World Bank country income level. FINDINGS: In 2019, there were 12·2 million (95% UI 11·0-13·6) incident cases of stroke, 101 million (93·2-111) prevalent cases of stroke, 143 million (133-153) DALYs due to stroke, and 6·55 million (6·00-7·02) deaths from stroke. Globally, stroke remained the second-leading cause of death (11·6% [10·8-12·2] of total deaths) and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined (5·7% [5·1-6·2] of total DALYs) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the absolute number of incident strokes increased by 70·0% (67·0-73·0), prevalent strokes increased by 85·0% (83·0-88·0), deaths from stroke increased by 43·0% (31·0-55·0), and DALYs due to stroke increased by 32·0% (22·0-42·0). During the same period, age-standardised rates of stroke incidence decreased by 17·0% (15·0-18·0), mortality decreased by 36·0% (31·0-42·0), prevalence decreased by 6·0% (5·0-7·0), and DALYs decreased by 36·0% (31·0-42·0). However, among people younger than 70 years, prevalence rates increased by 22·0% (21·0-24·0) and incidence rat

Published
2021

8. COVID-19 in Ethiopia: a geospatial analysis of vulnerability to infection, case severity and death

Author

Alene, KA, Gelaw, YA, Fetene, DM, Koye, DN, Melaku, YA, Gesesew, H, Birhanu, MM, Adane, AA, Muluneh, MD, Dachew, BA, Abrha, S, Aregay, A, Ayele, AA, Bezabhe, WM, Gebremariam, KT, Gebremedhin, T, Gebremedhin, AT, Gebremichael, L, Geleto, AB, Kassahun, HT, Kibret, GD, Leshargie, CT, Mekonnen, A, Mirkuzie, AH, Mohammed, H, Tegegn, HG, Tesema, AG, Tesfay, FH, Wubishet, BL, Kinfu, Y, Alene, KA, Gelaw, YA, Fetene, DM, Koye, DN, Melaku, YA, Gesesew, H, Birhanu, MM, Adane, AA, Muluneh, MD, Dachew, BA, Abrha, S, Aregay, A, Ayele, AA, Bezabhe, WM, Gebremariam, KT, Gebremedhin, T, Gebremedhin, AT, Gebremichael, L, Geleto, AB, Kassahun, HT, Kibret, GD, Leshargie, CT, Mekonnen, A, Mirkuzie, AH, Mohammed, H, Tegegn, HG, Tesema, AG, Tesfay, FH, Wubishet, BL, and Kinfu, Y

Abstract

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has caused a global public health crisis affecting most countries, including Ethiopia, in various ways. This study maps the vulnerability to infection, case severity and likelihood of death from COVID-19 in Ethiopia. METHODS: Thirty-eight potential indicators of vulnerability to COVID-19 infection, case severity and likelihood of death, identified based on a literature review and the availability of nationally representative data at a low geographic scale, were assembled from multiple sources for geospatial analysis. Geospatial analysis techniques were applied to produce maps showing the vulnerability to infection, case severity and likelihood of death in Ethiopia at a spatial resolution of 1 km×1 km. RESULTS: This study showed that vulnerability to COVID-19 infection is likely to be high across most parts of Ethiopia, particularly in the Somali, Afar, Amhara, Oromia and Tigray regions. The number of severe cases of COVID-19 infection requiring hospitalisation and intensive care unit admission is likely to be high across Amhara, most parts of Oromia and some parts of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Region. The risk of COVID-19-related death is high in the country's border regions, where public health preparedness for responding to COVID-19 is limited. CONCLUSION: This study revealed geographical differences in vulnerability to infection, case severity and likelihood of death from COVID-19 in Ethiopia. The study offers maps that can guide the targeted interventions necessary to contain the spread of COVID-19 in Ethiopia.

Published
2021

9. Risk factors for COVID-19 infection, disease severity and related deaths in Africa: a systematic review

Author

Gesesew, HA, Koye, DN, Fetene, DM, Woldegiorgis, M, Kinfu, Y, Geleto, AB, Melaku, YA, Mohammed, H, Alene, KA, Awoke, MA, Birhanu, MM, Gebremedhin, AT, Gelaw, YA, Shifti, DM, Muluneh, MD, Tegegne, TK, Abrha, S, Aregay, AF, Ayalew, MB, Gebre, AK, Gebremariam, KT, Gebremedhin, T, Gebremichael, L, Leshargie, CT, Kibret, GD, Meazaw, MW, Mekonnen, AB, Tekle, DY, Tesema, AG, Tesfay, FH, Tesfaye, W, Wubishet, BL, Dachew, BA, Adane, AA, Gesesew, HA, Koye, DN, Fetene, DM, Woldegiorgis, M, Kinfu, Y, Geleto, AB, Melaku, YA, Mohammed, H, Alene, KA, Awoke, MA, Birhanu, MM, Gebremedhin, AT, Gelaw, YA, Shifti, DM, Muluneh, MD, Tegegne, TK, Abrha, S, Aregay, AF, Ayalew, MB, Gebre, AK, Gebremariam, KT, Gebremedhin, T, Gebremichael, L, Leshargie, CT, Kibret, GD, Meazaw, MW, Mekonnen, AB, Tekle, DY, Tesema, AG, Tesfay, FH, Tesfaye, W, Wubishet, BL, Dachew, BA, and Adane, AA

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive evidence on risk factors for transmission, disease severity and COVID-19 related deaths in Africa. DESIGN: A systematic review has been conducted to synthesise existing evidence on risk factors affecting COVID-19 outcomes across Africa. DATA SOURCES: Data were systematically searched from MEDLINE, Scopus, MedRxiv and BioRxiv. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Studies for review were included if they were published in English and reported at least one risk factor and/or one health outcome. We included all relevant literature published up until 11 August 2020. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: We performed a systematic narrative synthesis to describe the available studies for each outcome. Data were extracted using a standardised Joanna Briggs Institute data extraction form. RESULTS: Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria of which four were exclusively on Africa and the remaining 11 papers had a global focus with some data from Africa. Higher rates of infection in Africa are associated with high population density, urbanisation, transport connectivity, high volume of tourism and international trade, and high level of economic and political openness. Limited or poor access to healthcare are also associated with higher COVID-19 infection rates. Older people and individuals with chronic conditions such as HIV, tuberculosis and anaemia experience severe forms COVID-19 leading to hospitalisation and death. Similarly, high burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, high prevalence of tobacco consumption and low levels of expenditure on health and low levels of global health security score contribute to COVID-19 related deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Demographic, institutional, ecological, health system and politico-economic factors influenced the spectrum of COVID-19 infection, severity and death. We recommend multidisciplinary and integrated approaches to mitigate the identified factors and strengthen effective prevention s

Published
2021

10. Risk factors for COVID-19 infection, disease severity and related deaths in Africa: a systematic review

Author

Gesesew, HA, Koye, DN, Fetene, DM, Woldegiorgis, M, Kinfu, Y, Geleto, AB, Melaku, YA, Mohammed, H, Alene, KA, Awoke, MA, Birhanu, MM, Gebremedhin, AT, Gelaw, YA, Shifti, DM, Muluneh, MD, Tegegne, TK, Abrha, S, Aregay, AF, Ayalew, MB, Gebre, AK, Gebremariam, KT, Gebremedhin, T, Gebremichael, L, Leshargie, CT, Kibret, GD, Meazaw, MW, Mekonnen, AB, Tekle, DY, Tesema, AG, Tesfay, FH, Tesfaye, W, Wubishet, BL, Dachew, BA, Adane, AA, Gesesew, HA, Koye, DN, Fetene, DM, Woldegiorgis, M, Kinfu, Y, Geleto, AB, Melaku, YA, Mohammed, H, Alene, KA, Awoke, MA, Birhanu, MM, Gebremedhin, AT, Gelaw, YA, Shifti, DM, Muluneh, MD, Tegegne, TK, Abrha, S, Aregay, AF, Ayalew, MB, Gebre, AK, Gebremariam, KT, Gebremedhin, T, Gebremichael, L, Leshargie, CT, Kibret, GD, Meazaw, MW, Mekonnen, AB, Tekle, DY, Tesema, AG, Tesfay, FH, Tesfaye, W, Wubishet, BL, Dachew, BA, and Adane, AA

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive evidence on risk factors for transmission, disease severity and COVID-19 related deaths in Africa. Design A systematic review has been conducted to synthesise existing evidence on risk factors affecting COVID-19 outcomes across Africa. Data sources Data were systematically searched from MEDLINE, Scopus, MedRxiv and BioRxiv. Eligibility criteria Studies for review were included if they were published in English and reported at least one risk factor and/or one health outcome. We included all relevant literature published up until 11 August 2020. Data extraction and synthesis We performed a systematic narrative synthesis to describe the available studies for each outcome. Data were extracted using a standardised Joanna Briggs Institute data extraction form. Results Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria of which four were exclusively on Africa and the remaining 11 papers had a global focus with some data from Africa. Higher rates of infection in Africa are associated with high population density, urbanisation, transport connectivity, high volume of tourism and international trade, and high level of economic and political openness. Limited or poor access to healthcare are also associated with higher COVID-19 infection rates. Older people and individuals with chronic conditions such as HIV, tuberculosis and anaemia experience severe forms COVID-19 leading to hospitalisation and death. Similarly, high burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, high prevalence of tobacco consumption and low levels of expenditure on health and low levels of global health security score contribute to COVID-19 related deaths. Conclusions Demographic, institutional, ecological, health system and politico-economic factors influenced the spectrum of COVID-19 infection, severity and death. We recommend multidisciplinary and integrated approaches to mitigate the identified factors and strengthen effective prevention strategi

Published
2021

11. COVID-19 in Ethiopia: a geospatial analysis of vulnerability to infection, case severity and death

Author

Alene, KA, Gelaw, YA, Fetene, DM, Koye, DN, Melaku, YA, Gesesew, H, Birhanu, MM, Adane, AA, Muluneh, MD, Dachew, BA, Abrha, S, Aregay, A, Ayele, AA, Bezabhe, WM, Gebremariam, KT, Gebremedhin, T, Gebremedhin, AT, Gebremichael, L, Geleto, AB, Kassahun, HT, Kibret, GD, Leshargie, CT, Mekonnen, A, Mirkuzie, AH, Mohammed, H, Tegegn, HG, Tesema, AG, Tesfay, FH, Wubishet, BL, Kinfu, Y, Alene, KA, Gelaw, YA, Fetene, DM, Koye, DN, Melaku, YA, Gesesew, H, Birhanu, MM, Adane, AA, Muluneh, MD, Dachew, BA, Abrha, S, Aregay, A, Ayele, AA, Bezabhe, WM, Gebremariam, KT, Gebremedhin, T, Gebremedhin, AT, Gebremichael, L, Geleto, AB, Kassahun, HT, Kibret, GD, Leshargie, CT, Mekonnen, A, Mirkuzie, AH, Mohammed, H, Tegegn, HG, Tesema, AG, Tesfay, FH, Wubishet, BL, and Kinfu, Y

Abstract

Background COVID-19 has caused a global public health crisis affecting most countries, including Ethiopia, in various ways. This study maps the vulnerability to infection, case severity and likelihood of death from COVID-19 in Ethiopia. Methods Thirty-eight potential indicators of vulnerability to COVID-19 infection, case severity and likelihood of death, identified based on a literature review and the availability of nationally representative data at a low geographic scale, were assembled from multiple sources for geospatial analysis. Geospatial analysis techniques were applied to produce maps showing the vulnerability to infection, case severity and likelihood of death in Ethiopia at a spatial resolution of 1 km×1 km. Results This study showed that vulnerability to COVID-19 infection is likely to be high across most parts of Ethiopia, particularly in the Somali, Afar, Amhara, Oromia and Tigray regions. The number of severe cases of COVID-19 infection requiring hospitalisation and intensive care unit admission is likely to be high across Amhara, most parts of Oromia and some parts of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Region. The risk of COVID-19-related death is high in the country’s border regions, where public health preparedness for responding to COVID-19 is limited. Conclusion This study revealed geographical differences in vulnerability to infection, case severity and likelihood of death from COVID-19 in Ethiopia. The study offers maps that can guide the targeted interventions necessary to contain the spread of COVID-19 in Ethiopia.

Published
2021

12. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990–2019

Author

Roth, GA, Mensah, GA, Johnson, CO, Addolorato, G, Ammirati, E, Baddour, LM, Barengo, NC, Beaton, AZ, Benjamin, EJ, Benziger, CP, Bonny, A, Brauer, M, Brodmann, M, Cahill, TJ, Carapetis, J, Catapano, AL, Chugh, SS, Cooper, LT, Coresh, J, Criqui, M, DeCleene, N, Eagle, KA, Emmons-Bell, S, Feigin, VL, Fernández-Solà, J, Fowkes, G, Gakidou, E, Grundy, SM, He, FJ, Howard, G, Hu, F, Inker, L, Karthikeyan, G, Kassebaum, N, Koroshetz, W, Lavie, C, Lloyd-Jones, D, Lu, HS, Mirijello, A, Temesgen, AM, Mokdad, A, Moran, AE, Muntner, P, Narula, J, Neal, B, Ntsekhe, M, Moraes de Oliveira, G, Otto, C, Owolabi, M, Pratt, M, Rajagopalan, S, Reitsma, M, Ribeiro, ALP, Rigotti, N, Rodgers, A, Sable, C, Shakil, S, Sliwa-Hahnle, K, Stark, B, Sundström, J, Timpel, P, Tleyjeh, IM, Valgimigli, M, Vos, T, Whelton, PK, Yacoub, M, Zuhlke, L, Murray, C, Fuster, V, Beaton, A, Carapetis, JR, Chugh, S, Criqui, MH, DeCleene, NK, Fernández-Sola, J, Fowkes, FGR, Kassebaum, NJ, Koroshetz, WJ, Misganaw, AT, Mokdad, AH, Oliveira, GMM, Otto, CM, Owolabi, MO, Reitsma, MB, Rigotti, NA, Sable, CA, Shakil, SS, Sliwa, K, Stark, BA, Tleyjeh, II, Zuhlke, LJ, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abdi, A, Abedi, A, Aboyans, V, Abrha, WA, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abushouk, AI, Acharya, D, Adair, T, Adebayo, OM, Ademi, Z, Advani, SM, Afshari, K, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agasthi, P, Ahmad, S, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, MB, Aji, B, Akalu, Y, Akande-Sholabi, W, Aklilu, A, Akunna, CJ, Alahdab, F, Al-Eyadhy, A, Alhabib, KF, Alif, SM, Alipour, V, Aljunid, SM, Alla, F, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, RM, Amegah, AK, Amini, S, Aminorroaya, A, Amu, H, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, T, Andrei, CL, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Anteneh, ZA, Antonazzo, IC, Antony, B, Anwer, R, Appiah, LT, Arabloo, J, Ärnlöv, J, Artanti, KD, Ataro, Z, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Awan, AT, Awoke, MA, Ayele, HT, Ayza, MA, Azari, S, B, DB, Baheiraei, N, Baig, AA, Bakhtiari, A, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Baptista, EA, Barboza, MA, Barua, L, Basu, S, Bedi, N, Béjot, Y, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berman, AE, Bezabih, YM, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhaskar, S, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Birhanu, MM, Boloor, A, Brant, LC, Brenner, H, Briko, NI, Butt, ZA, Caetano dos Santos, FL, Cahill, LE, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Cámera, LA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Cantu-Brito, C, Car, J, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Catalá-López, F, Cerin, E, Charan, J, Chattu, VK, Chen, S, Chin, KL, Choi, J-YJ, Chu, D-T, Chung, S-C, Cirillo, M, Coffey, S, Conti, S, Costa, VM, Cundiff, DK, Dadras, O, Dagnew, B, Dai, X, Damasceno, AAM, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Davletov, K, De la Cruz-Góngora, V, De la Hoz, FP, De Neve, J-W, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Derbew Molla, M, Derseh, BT, Desai, R, Deuschl, G, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhimal, M, Dhungana, RR, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Dokova, K, Douiri, A, Duncan, BB, Duraes, AR, Eagan, AW, Ebtehaj, S, Eftekhari, A, Eftekharzadeh, S, Ekholuenetale, M, El Nahas, N, Elgendy, IY, Elhadi, M, El-Jaafary, SI, Esteghamati, S, 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CJL

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), principally ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke, are the leading cause of global mortality and a major contributor to disability. This paper reviews the magnitude of total CVD burden, including 13 underlying causes of cardiovascular death and 9 related risk factors, using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. GBD, an ongoing multinational collaboration to provide comparable and consistent estimates of population health over time, used all available population-level data sources on incidence, prevalence, case fatality, mortality, and health risks to produce estimates for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.Prevalent cases of total CVD nearly doubled from 271 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 257 to 285 million) in 1990 to 523 million (95% UI: 497 to 550 million) in 2019, and the number of CVD deaths steadily increased from 12.1 million (95% UI:11.4 to 12.6 million) in 1990, reaching 18.6 million (95% UI: 17.1 to 19.7 million) in 2019. The global trends for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years of life lost also increased significantly, and years lived with disability doubled from 17.7 million (95% UI: 12.9 to 22.5 million) to 34.4 million (95% UI:24.9 to 43.6 million) over that period. The total number of DALYs due to IHD has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 182 million (95% UI: 170 to 194 million) DALYs, 9.14 million (95% UI: 8.40 to 9.74 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 197 million (95% UI: 178 to 220 million) prevalent cases of IHD in 2019. The total number of DALYs due to stroke has risen steadily since 1990, reaching 143 million (95% UI: 133 to 153 million) DALYs, 6.55 million (95% UI: 6.00 to 7.02 million) deaths in the year 2019, and 101 million (95% UI: 93.2 to 111 million) prevalent cases of stroke in 2019.Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of disease burden in the world. CVD burden continues its decades-long rise for almost all countries outside hi

Published
2020

13. Diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study

Author

Mokdad, AH, Moradi-Lakeh, M, El Bcheraoui, C, Khalil, I, Charara, R, Afshin, A, Wang, H, Collison, M, Krohn, KJ, Chew, A, Daoud, F, Blosser, CD, Cornaby, L, Foreman, KJ, Kassebaum, NJ, Kemmer, L, Kutz, M, Liu, P, Zipkin, B, Arnlov, J, Abate, KH, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alasfoor, D, Ali, R, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkaabi, JM, Alkerwi, A, Al-Raddadi, R, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amini, E, Anber, N, Anwari, P, Asgedom, SW, Atey, TM, Avila-Burgos, L, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Baernighausen, T, Bacha, U, Barac, A, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Drew, CR, Geffen, D, Bedi, N, Berhe, DF, Beyene, AS, Bhutta, ZA, Bikbov, B, Birhanu, MM, Butt, ZA, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Carpenter, DO, Carrero, JJ, Choi, J-YJJ, Danawi, H, Dharmaratne, SD, Ding, EL, Djalalinia, S, Doyle, KE, Ebrahimi, H, Endries, AY, Esteghamati, A, Farvid, MS, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Feyissa, TR, Fischer, F, Gebrehiwot, TT, Gona, PN, Gopalani, SV, Gyawali, B, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hamadeh, RR, Hamidi, S, Horino, M, Hsairi, M, Jakovljevic, MB, Jimenez-Corona, A, John, D, Jonas, JB, Kasaeian, A, Kengne, AP, Ketema, EB, Khader, YS, Khan, EA, Kim, D, Kim, YJ, Kinfu, Y, Kissimova-Skarbek, KA, Koyanagi, A, Larson, HJ, Larsson, A, Li, Y, Lotufo, PA, Lunevicius, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, DC, Mazidi, M, Memish, ZA, Mendoza, W, Mengistie, MA, Mensah, GA, Mezgebe, HB, Miller, TR, Mohammed, MSK, Mohammed, S, Mueller, UO, Nagel, G, Cuong, TN, Quyen, LN, Vuong, MN, Noubiap, JJN, Ogbo, FA, Ortiz, A, Ota, E, Patel, T, Pearson-Stuttard, J, Perico, N, Petzold, M, Pishgar, F, Pourmalek, F, Qorbani, M, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rai, RK, Rana, SM, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, AMNN, Rezaei, S, Roshandel, G, Bacher, DR, Safdarian, M, Safi, S, Safiri, S, Sahraian, MA, Salamati, P, Samy, AM, Sanabria, JR, Dolores Sanchez-Nino, M, Milicevic, MMS, Sartorius, B, Sepanlou, SG, Shaikh, MA, Santos Silva, DA, Alves Silveira, DG, Sobaih, BHA, Abdulkader, RS, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Temsah, M-H, Topor-Madry, R, Tran, BX, Ukwaja, KN, Uthman, OA, van Boven, JFM, Wakayo, T, Werdecker, A, Workicho, A, Yaghoubi, M, Yano, Y, Yaseri, M, Yonemoto, N, Younis, MZ, Zhang, AL, Jumaan, AO, Vos, T, Naghavi, M, Hay, SI, Murray, CJL, Mokdad, AH, Moradi-Lakeh, M, El Bcheraoui, C, Khalil, I, Charara, R, Afshin, A, Wang, H, Collison, M, Krohn, KJ, Chew, A, Daoud, F, Blosser, CD, Cornaby, L, Foreman, KJ, Kassebaum, NJ, Kemmer, L, Kutz, M, Liu, P, Zipkin, B, Arnlov, J, Abate, KH, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadieh, H, Ahmed, MB, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alasfoor, D, Ali, R, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkaabi, JM, Alkerwi, A, Al-Raddadi, R, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amini, E, Anber, N, Anwari, P, Asgedom, SW, Atey, TM, Avila-Burgos, L, Awasthi, A, Azzopardi, P, Baernighausen, T, Bacha, U, Barac, A, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Drew, CR, Geffen, D, Bedi, N, Berhe, DF, Beyene, AS, Bhutta, ZA, Bikbov, B, Birhanu, MM, Butt, ZA, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Carpenter, DO, Carrero, JJ, Choi, J-YJJ, Danawi, H, Dharmaratne, SD, Ding, EL, Djalalinia, S, Doyle, KE, Ebrahimi, H, Endries, AY, Esteghamati, A, Farvid, MS, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Feyissa, TR, Fischer, F, Gebrehiwot, TT, Gona, PN, Gopalani, SV, Gyawali, B, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hamadeh, RR, Hamidi, S, Horino, M, Hsairi, M, Jakovljevic, MB, Jimenez-Corona, A, John, D, Jonas, JB, Kasaeian, A, Kengne, AP, Ketema, EB, Khader, YS, Khan, EA, Kim, D, Kim, YJ, Kinfu, Y, Kissimova-Skarbek, KA, Koyanagi, A, Larson, HJ, Larsson, A, Li, Y, Lotufo, PA, Lunevicius, R, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, DC, Mazidi, M, Memish, ZA, Mendoza, W, Mengistie, MA, Mensah, GA, Mezgebe, HB, Miller, TR, Mohammed, MSK, Mohammed, S, Mueller, UO, Nagel, G, Cuong, TN, Quyen, LN, Vuong, MN, Noubiap, JJN, Ogbo, FA, Ortiz, A, Ota, E, Patel, T, Pearson-Stuttard, J, Perico, N, Petzold, M, Pishgar, F, Pourmalek, F, Qorbani, M, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rai, RK, Rana, SM, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, AMNN, Rezaei, S, Roshandel, G, Bacher, DR, Safdarian, M, Safi, S, Safiri, S, Sahraian, MA, Salamati, P, Samy, AM, Sanabria, JR, Dolores Sanchez-Nino, M, Milicevic, MMS, Sartorius, B, Sepanlou, SG, Shaikh, MA, Santos Silva, DA, Alves Silveira, DG, Sobaih, BHA, Abdulkader, RS, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Temsah, M-H, Topor-Madry, R, Tran, BX, Ukwaja, KN, Uthman, OA, van Boven, JFM, Wakayo, T, Werdecker, A, Workicho, A, Yaghoubi, M, Yano, Y, Yaseri, M, Yonemoto, N, Younis, MZ, Zhang, AL, Jumaan, AO, Vos, T, Naghavi, M, Hay, SI, and Murray, CJL

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: We used findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study to update our previous publication on the burden of diabetes and chronic kidney disease due to diabetes (CKD-DM) during 1990-2015. METHODS: We extracted GBD 2015 estimates for prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of diabetes (including burden of low vision due to diabetes, neuropathy, and amputations and CKD-DM for 22 countries of the EMR from the GBD visualization tools. RESULTS: In 2015, 135,230 (95% UI 123,034-148,184) individuals died from diabetes and 16,470 (95% UI 13,977-18,961) from CKD-DM, 216 and 179% increases, respectively, compared to 1990. The total number of people with diabetes was 42.3 million (95% UI 38.6-46.4 million) in 2015. DALY rates of diabetes in 2015 were significantly higher than the expected rates based on Socio-demographic Index (SDI). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed a large and increasing burden of diabetes in the region. There is an urgency in dealing with diabetes and its consequences, and these efforts should be at the forefront of health prevention and promotion.

Published
2018

14. Burden of obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study

Author

Mokdad, AH, El Bcheraoui, C, Afshin, A, Charara, R, Khalil, I, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Kassebaum, NJ, Collison, M, Daoud, F, Krohn, KJ, Chew, A, Biryukov, SH, Cornaby, L, Foreman, KJ, Kutz, M, Liu, P, Reitsma, M, Sur, P, Wang, H, Zipkin, B, Arnlov, J, Abbafati, C, Abdulle, AM, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Ahmed, MB, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Baune, BT, Bedi, N, Bennett, DA, Beyene, AS, Bhutta, ZA, Birhanu, MM, Danawi, H, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fischer, F, Gebrehiwot, TT, Gill, PS, Gona, PN, Gupta, V, Habtewold, TD, Hamadeh, RR, Hamidi, S, Hareri, HA, Horino, M, Hsairi, M, Javanbakht, M, John, D, Jonas, JB, Joshua, V, Kasaeian, A, Ketema, EB, Khader, YS, Khan, EA, Khubchandani, J, Kim, D, Kim, YJ, Kinfu, Y, Kokubo, Y, Larson, HJ, Lee, PH, Lunevicius, R, Abd El Razek, HM, Abd El Razek, MM, Malekzadeh, R, Mate, KK, Memish, ZA, Mengistie, MA, Mensah, GA, Ogbo, FA, Pourmalek, F, Rafay, A, Qorbani, M, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rana, SM, Rawaf, S, Renzaho, AMN, Rezaei, S, Rezai, MS, Safdarian, M, Sahraian, MA, Salamati, P, Samy, AM, Sanabria, JR, Milicevic, MMS, Sartorius, B, Sepanlou, SG, Shaikh, MA, Shiri, R, Santos Silva, DA, Singh, JA, Terkawi, AS, Tiruye, TY, Ukwaja, KN, Vasankari, T, Vlassov, VV, Wakayo, T, Werdecker, A, Yonemoto, N, Younis, MZ, Zein, B, Jumaan, AO, Vos, T, Hay, SI, Naghavi, M, Murray, CJL, Mokdad, AH, El Bcheraoui, C, Afshin, A, Charara, R, Khalil, I, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Kassebaum, NJ, Collison, M, Daoud, F, Krohn, KJ, Chew, A, Biryukov, SH, Cornaby, L, Foreman, KJ, Kutz, M, Liu, P, Reitsma, M, Sur, P, Wang, H, Zipkin, B, Arnlov, J, Abbafati, C, Abdulle, AM, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Ahmed, MB, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Alkerwi, A, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Baune, BT, Bedi, N, Bennett, DA, Beyene, AS, Bhutta, ZA, Birhanu, MM, Danawi, H, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fischer, F, Gebrehiwot, TT, Gill, PS, Gona, PN, Gupta, V, Habtewold, TD, Hamadeh, RR, Hamidi, S, Hareri, HA, Horino, M, Hsairi, M, Javanbakht, M, John, D, Jonas, JB, Joshua, V, Kasaeian, A, Ketema, EB, Khader, YS, Khan, EA, Khubchandani, J, Kim, D, Kim, YJ, Kinfu, Y, Kokubo, Y, Larson, HJ, Lee, PH, Lunevicius, R, Abd El Razek, HM, Abd El Razek, MM, Malekzadeh, R, Mate, KK, Memish, ZA, Mengistie, MA, Mensah, GA, Ogbo, FA, Pourmalek, F, Rafay, A, Qorbani, M, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rana, SM, Rawaf, S, Renzaho, AMN, Rezaei, S, Rezai, MS, Safdarian, M, Sahraian, MA, Salamati, P, Samy, AM, Sanabria, JR, Milicevic, MMS, Sartorius, B, Sepanlou, SG, Shaikh, MA, Shiri, R, Santos Silva, DA, Singh, JA, Terkawi, AS, Tiruye, TY, Ukwaja, KN, Vasankari, T, Vlassov, VV, Wakayo, T, Werdecker, A, Yonemoto, N, Younis, MZ, Zein, B, Jumaan, AO, Vos, T, Hay, SI, Naghavi, M, and Murray, CJL

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: We used the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2015 study results to explore the burden of high body mass index (BMI) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). METHODS: We estimated the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children (2-19 years) and adults (≥20 years) in 1980 and 2015. The burden of disease related to high BMI was calculated using the GBD comparative risk assessment approach. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity increased for adults from 15.1% (95% UI 13.4-16.9) in 1980 to 20.7% (95% UI 18.8-22.8) in 2015. It increased from 4.1% (95% UI 2.9-5.5) to 4.9% (95% UI 3.6-6.4) for the same period among children. In 2015, there were 417,115 deaths and 14,448,548 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to high BMI in EMR, which constitute about 10 and 6.3% of total deaths and DALYs, respectively, for all ages. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to estimate trends in obesity burden for the EMR from 1980 to 2015. We call for EMR countries to invest more resources in prevention and health promotion efforts to reduce this burden.

Published
2018

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