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1. The human affectome

Author: Schiller, Daniela, Yu, Alessandra N. C, Alia-Klein, Nelly, Becker, Susanne, Cromwell, Howard C., Dolcos, Florin, Eslinger, Paul J., Frewen, Paul, Kemp, Andrew H., Pace-Schott, Edward F., Raber, Jacob, Silton, Rebecca L., Stefanova, Elka, Williams, Justin H. G., Abe, Nobuhito, Aghajani, Moji, Albrecht, Franziska, Alexander, Rebecca, Anders, Silke, Aragón, Oriana R., Arias, Juan A., Arzy, Shahar, Aue, Tatjana, Baez, Sandra, Balconi, Michela, Ballarini, Tommaso, Bannister, Scott, Banta, Marlissa C., Barrett, Karen C., Belzung, Catherine, Bensafi, Moustafa, Booij, Linda, Bookwala, Jamila, Boulanger-Bertolus, Julie, Boutros, Sydney W., Bräscher, Anne-Kathrin, Bruno, Antonio, Busatto, Geraldo, Bylsma, Lauren M., Caldwell-Harris, Catherine, Chan, Raymond C. K., Cherbuin, Nicolas, Chiarella, Julian, Cipresso, Pietro, Critchley, Hugo, Croote, Denise E., Demaree, Heath A., Denson, Thomas F., Depue, Brendan, Derntl, Birgit, Dickson, Joanne M., Dolcos, Sanda, Drach-Zahavy, Anat, Dubljević, Olga, Eerola, Tuomas, Ellingsen, Dan-Mikael, Fairfield, Beth, Ferdenzi, Camille, Friedman, Bruce H., Fu, Cynthia H. Y., Gatt, Justine M., de Gelder, Beatrice, Gendolla, Guido H. E., Gilam, Gadi, Goldblatt, Hadass, Gooding, Anne E. K., Gosseries, Olivia, Hamm, Alfons O., Hanson, Jamie L., Hendler, Talma, Herbert, Cornelia, Hofmann, Stefan G., Ibanez, Agustin, Joffily, Mateus, Jovanovic, Tanja, Kahrilas, Ian J., Kangas, Maria, Katsumi, Yuta, Kensinger, Elizabeth, Kirby, Lauren A. J., Koncz, Rebecca, Koster, Ernst H. W., Kozlowska, Kasia, Krach, Sören, Kret, Mariska E., Krippl, Martin, Kusi-Mensah, Kwabena, Ladouceur, Cecile D., Laureys, Steven, Lawrence, Alistair, Li, Chiang-shan R., Liddell, Belinda J., Lidhar, Navdeep K., Lowry, Christopher A., Magee, Kelsey, Marin, Marie-France, Mariotti, Veronica, Martin, Loren J., Marusak, Hilary A., Mayer, Annalina V., Merner, Amanda R., Minnier, Jessica, Moll, Jorge, Morrison, Robert G., Moore, Matthew, Mouly, Anne-Marie, Mueller, Sven C., Mühlberger, Andreas, Murphy, Nora A., Muscatello, Maria R. A., Musser, Erica D., Newton, Tamara L., Noll-Hussong, Michael, Norrholm, Seth D., Northoff, Georg, Nusslock, Robin, Okon-Singer, Hadas, Olino, Thomas M., Ortner, Catherine, Owolabi, Mayowa, Padulo, Caterina, Palermo, Romina, Palumbo, Rocco, Palumbo, Sara, Papadelis, Christos, Pegna, Alan J., Pellegrini, Silvia, Peltonen, Kirsi, Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Pietrini, Pietro, Pinna, Graziano, Lobo, Rosario P., Polnaszek, Kelly L., Polyakova, Maryna, Rabinak, Christine, Richter, S. Helene, Richter, Thalia, Riva, Giuseppe, Rizzo, Amelia, Robinson, Jennifer L., Rosa, Pedro, Sachdev, Perminder S., Sato, Wataru, Schroeter, Matthias L., Schweizer, Susanne, Shiban, Youssef, Siddharthan, Advaith, Siedlecka, Ewa, Smith, Robert C., Soreq, Hermona, Spangler, Derek P., Stern, Emily R., Styliadis, Charis, Sullivan, Gavin B., Swain, James E., Urben, Sébastien, Van den Stock, Jan, vander Kooij, Michael A., van Overveld, Mark, Van Rheenen, Tamsyn E., VanElzakker, Michael B., Ventura-Bort, Carlos, Verona, Edelyn, Volk, Tyler, Wang, Yi, Weingast, Leah T., Weymar, Mathias, Williams, Claire, Willis, Megan L., Yamashita, Paula, Zahn, Roland, Zupan, Barbra, Lowe, Leroy, Schiller, Daniela, Yu, Alessandra N. C, Alia-Klein, Nelly, Becker, Susanne, Cromwell, Howard C., Dolcos, Florin, Eslinger, Paul J., Frewen, Paul, Kemp, Andrew H., Pace-Schott, Edward F., Raber, Jacob, Silton, Rebecca L., Stefanova, Elka, Williams, Justin H. G., Abe, Nobuhito, Aghajani, Moji, Albrecht, Franziska, Alexander, Rebecca, Anders, Silke, Aragón, Oriana R., Arias, Juan A., Arzy, Shahar, Aue, Tatjana, Baez, Sandra, Balconi, Michela, Ballarini, Tommaso, Bannister, Scott, Banta, Marlissa C., Barrett, Karen C., Belzung, Catherine, Bensafi, Moustafa, Booij, Linda, Bookwala, Jamila, Boulanger-Bertolus, Julie, Boutros, Sydney W., Bräscher, Anne-Kathrin, Bruno, Antonio, Busatto, Geraldo, Bylsma, Lauren M., Caldwell-Harris, Catherine, Chan, Raymond C. K., Cherbuin, Nicolas, Chiarella, Julian, Cipresso, Pietro, Critchley, Hugo, Croote, Denise E., Demaree, Heath A., Denson, Thomas F., Depue, Brendan, Derntl, Birgit, Dickson, Joanne M., Dolcos, Sanda, Drach-Zahavy, Anat, Dubljević, Olga, Eerola, Tuomas, Ellingsen, Dan-Mikael, Fairfield, Beth, Ferdenzi, Camille, Friedman, Bruce H., Fu, Cynthia H. Y., Gatt, Justine M., de Gelder, Beatrice, Gendolla, Guido H. E., Gilam, Gadi, Goldblatt, Hadass, Gooding, Anne E. K., Gosseries, Olivia, Hamm, Alfons O., Hanson, Jamie L., Hendler, Talma, Herbert, Cornelia, Hofmann, Stefan G., Ibanez, Agustin, Joffily, Mateus, Jovanovic, Tanja, Kahrilas, Ian J., Kangas, Maria, Katsumi, Yuta, Kensinger, Elizabeth, Kirby, Lauren A. J., Koncz, Rebecca, Koster, Ernst H. W., Kozlowska, Kasia, Krach, Sören, Kret, Mariska E., Krippl, Martin, Kusi-Mensah, Kwabena, Ladouceur, Cecile D., Laureys, Steven, Lawrence, Alistair, Li, Chiang-shan R., Liddell, Belinda J., Lidhar, Navdeep K., Lowry, Christopher A., Magee, Kelsey, Marin, Marie-France, Mariotti, Veronica, Martin, Loren J., Marusak, Hilary A., Mayer, Annalina V., Merner, Amanda R., Minnier, Jessica, Moll, Jorge, Morrison, Robert G., Moore, Matthew, Mouly, Anne-Marie, Mueller, Sven C., Mühlberger, Andreas, Murphy, Nora A., Muscatello, Maria R. A., Musser, Erica D., Newton, Tamara L., Noll-Hussong, Michael, Norrholm, Seth D., Northoff, Georg, Nusslock, Robin, Okon-Singer, Hadas, Olino, Thomas M., Ortner, Catherine, Owolabi, Mayowa, Padulo, Caterina, Palermo, Romina, Palumbo, Rocco, Palumbo, Sara, Papadelis, Christos, Pegna, Alan J., Pellegrini, Silvia, Peltonen, Kirsi, Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Pietrini, Pietro, Pinna, Graziano, Lobo, Rosario P., Polnaszek, Kelly L., Polyakova, Maryna, Rabinak, Christine, Richter, S. Helene, Richter, Thalia, Riva, Giuseppe, Rizzo, Amelia, Robinson, Jennifer L., Rosa, Pedro, Sachdev, Perminder S., Sato, Wataru, Schroeter, Matthias L., Schweizer, Susanne, Shiban, Youssef, Siddharthan, Advaith, Siedlecka, Ewa, Smith, Robert C., Soreq, Hermona, Spangler, Derek P., Stern, Emily R., Styliadis, Charis, Sullivan, Gavin B., Swain, James E., Urben, Sébastien, Van den Stock, Jan, vander Kooij, Michael A., van Overveld, Mark, Van Rheenen, Tamsyn E., VanElzakker, Michael B., Ventura-Bort, Carlos, Verona, Edelyn, Volk, Tyler, Wang, Yi, Weingast, Leah T., Weymar, Mathias, Williams, Claire, Willis, Megan L., Yamashita, Paula, Zahn, Roland, Zupan, Barbra, and Lowe, Leroy
Abstract: Over the last decades, theoretical perspectives in the interdisciplinary field of the affective sciences have proliferated rather than converged due to differing assumptions about what human affective phenomena are and how they work. These metaphysical and mechanistic assumptions, shaped by academic context and values, have dictated affective constructs and operationalizations. However, an assumption about the purpose of affective phenomena can guide us to a common set of metaphysical and mechanistic assumptions. In this capstone paper, we home in on a nested teleological principle for human affective phenomena in order to synthesize metaphysical and mechanistic assumptions. Under this framework, human affective phenomena can collectively be considered algorithms that either adjust based on the human comfort zone (affective concerns) or monitor those adaptive processes (affective features). This teleologically-grounded framework offers a principled agenda and launchpad for both organizing existing perspectives and generating new ones. Ultimately, we hope the Human Affectome brings us a step closer to not only an integrated understanding of human affective phenomena, but an integrated field for affective research.
Published: 2024

2. The Human Affectome

Author: Schiller, Daniela, Yu, Alessandra N. C., Alia-Klein, Nelly, Becker, Susanne, Cromwell, Howard C., Dolcos, Florin, Eslinger, Paul J., Frewen, Paul, Kemp, Andrew H., Pace-Schott, Edward F., Raber, Jacob, Silton, Rebecca L., Stefanova, Elka, Williams, Justin H. G., Abe, Nobuhito, Aghajani, Moji, Albrecht, Franziska, Alexander, Rebecca, Anders, Silke, Aragón, Oriana R., Arias, Juan A., Arzy, Shahar, Aue, Tatjana, Baez, Sandra, Balconi, Michela, Ballarini, Tommaso, Bannister, Scott, Banta, Marlissa C., Barrett, Karen Caplovitz, Belzung, Catherine, Bensafi, Moustafa, Booij, Linda, Bookwala, Jamila, Boulanger-Bertolus, Julie, Boutros, Sydney Weber, Bräscher, Anne-Kathrin, Bruno, Antonio, Busatto, Geraldo, Bylsma, Lauren M., Caldwell-Harris, Catherine, Chan, Raymond C. K., Cherbuin, Nicola, Chiarella, Julian, Cipresso, Pietro, Critchley, Hugo, Croote, Denise E., Demaree, Heath A., Denson, Thomas F., Depue, Brendan, Derntl, Birgit, Dickson, Joanne M., Dolcos, Sanda, Drach-Zahavy, Anat, Dubljević, Olga, Eerola, Tuoma, Ellingsen, Dan-Mikael, Fairfield, Beth, Ferdenzi, Camille, Friedman, Bruce H., Fu, Cynthia H. Y., Gatt, Justine M., de Gelder, Beatrice, Gendolla, Guido H. E., Gilam, Gadi, Goldblatt, Hada, Gooding, Anne Elizabeth Kotynski, Gosseries, Olivia, Hamm, Alfons O., Hanson, Jamie L., Hendler, Talma, Herbert, Cornelia, Hofmann, Stefan G., Ibanez, Agustin, Joffily, Mateu, Jovanovic, Tanja, Kahrilas, Ian J., Kangas, Maria, Katsumi, Yuta, Kensinger, Elizabeth, Kirby, Lauren A. J., Koncz, Rebecca, Koster, Ernst H. W., Kozlowska, Kasia, Krach, Sören, Kret, Mariska E., Krippl, Martin, Kusi-Mensah, Kwabena, Ladouceur, Cecile D., Laureys, Steven, Lawrence, Alistair, Li, Chiang-shan R., Liddell, Belinda J., Lidhar, Navdeep K., Lowry, Christopher A., Magee, Kelsey, Marin, Marie-France, Mariotti, Veronica, Martin, Loren J., Marusak, Hilary A., Mayer, Annalina V., Merner, Amanda R., Minnier, Jessica, Moll, Jorge, Morrison, Robert G., Moore, Matthew, Mouly, Anne-Marie, Mueller, Sven C., Mühlberger, Andrea, Murphy, Nora A., Muscatello, Maria Rosaria Anna, Musser, Erica D., Newton, Tamara L., Noll-Hussong, Michael, Norrholm, Seth Davin, Northoff, Georg, Nusslock, Robin, Okon-Singer, Hada, Olino, Thomas M., Ortner, Catherine, Owolabi, Mayowa, Padulo, Caterina, Palermo, Romina, Palumbo, Rocco, Palumbo, Sara, Papadelis, Christo, Pegna, Alan J., Pellegrini, Silvia, Peltonen, Kirsi, Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Pietrini, Pietro, Pinna, Graziano, Lobo, Rosario Pinto, Polnaszek, Kelly L., Polyakova, Maryna, Rabinak, Christine, Helene Richter, S., Richter, Thalia, Riva, Giuseppe, Rizzo, Amelia, Robinson, Jennifer L., Rosa, Pedro, Sachdev, Perminder S., Sato, Wataru, Schroeter, Matthias L., Schweizer, Susanne, Shiban, Youssef, Siddharthan, Advaith, Siedlecka, Ewa, Smith, Robert C., Soreq, Hermona, Spangler, Derek P., Stern, Emily R., Styliadis, Chari, Sullivan, Gavin B., Swain, James E., Urben, Sébastien, Van den Stock, Jan, vander Kooij, Michael A., van Overveld, Mark, Van Rheenen, Tamsyn E., Vanelzakker, Michael B., Ventura-Bort, Carlo, Verona, Edelyn, Volk, Tyler, Wang, Yi, Weingast, Leah T., Weymar, Mathia, Williams, Claire, Willis, Megan L., Yamashita, Paula, Zahn, Roland, Zupan, Barbra, Lowe, Leroy, Balconi, Michela (ORCID:0000-0002-8634-1951), Cipresso, Pietro (ORCID:0000-0002-0662-7678), Riva, Giuseppe (ORCID:0000-0003-3657-106X), Schiller, Daniela, Yu, Alessandra N. C., Alia-Klein, Nelly, Becker, Susanne, Cromwell, Howard C., Dolcos, Florin, Eslinger, Paul J., Frewen, Paul, Kemp, Andrew H., Pace-Schott, Edward F., Raber, Jacob, Silton, Rebecca L., Stefanova, Elka, Williams, Justin H. G., Abe, Nobuhito, Aghajani, Moji, Albrecht, Franziska, Alexander, Rebecca, Anders, Silke, Aragón, Oriana R., Arias, Juan A., Arzy, Shahar, Aue, Tatjana, Baez, Sandra, Balconi, Michela, Ballarini, Tommaso, Bannister, Scott, Banta, Marlissa C., Barrett, Karen Caplovitz, Belzung, Catherine, Bensafi, Moustafa, Booij, Linda, Bookwala, Jamila, Boulanger-Bertolus, Julie, Boutros, Sydney Weber, Bräscher, Anne-Kathrin, Bruno, Antonio, Busatto, Geraldo, Bylsma, Lauren M., Caldwell-Harris, Catherine, Chan, Raymond C. K., Cherbuin, Nicola, Chiarella, Julian, Cipresso, Pietro, Critchley, Hugo, Croote, Denise E., Demaree, Heath A., Denson, Thomas F., Depue, Brendan, Derntl, Birgit, Dickson, Joanne M., Dolcos, Sanda, Drach-Zahavy, Anat, Dubljević, Olga, Eerola, Tuoma, Ellingsen, Dan-Mikael, Fairfield, Beth, Ferdenzi, Camille, Friedman, Bruce H., Fu, Cynthia H. Y., Gatt, Justine M., de Gelder, Beatrice, Gendolla, Guido H. E., Gilam, Gadi, Goldblatt, Hada, Gooding, Anne Elizabeth Kotynski, Gosseries, Olivia, Hamm, Alfons O., Hanson, Jamie L., Hendler, Talma, Herbert, Cornelia, Hofmann, Stefan G., Ibanez, Agustin, Joffily, Mateu, Jovanovic, Tanja, Kahrilas, Ian J., Kangas, Maria, Katsumi, Yuta, Kensinger, Elizabeth, Kirby, Lauren A. J., Koncz, Rebecca, Koster, Ernst H. W., Kozlowska, Kasia, Krach, Sören, Kret, Mariska E., Krippl, Martin, Kusi-Mensah, Kwabena, Ladouceur, Cecile D., Laureys, Steven, Lawrence, Alistair, Li, Chiang-shan R., Liddell, Belinda J., Lidhar, Navdeep K., Lowry, Christopher A., Magee, Kelsey, Marin, Marie-France, Mariotti, Veronica, Martin, Loren J., Marusak, Hilary A., Mayer, Annalina V., Merner, Amanda R., Minnier, Jessica, Moll, Jorge, Morrison, Robert G., Moore, Matthew, Mouly, Anne-Marie, Mueller, Sven C., Mühlberger, Andrea, Murphy, Nora A., Muscatello, Maria Rosaria Anna, Musser, Erica D., Newton, Tamara L., Noll-Hussong, Michael, Norrholm, Seth Davin, Northoff, Georg, Nusslock, Robin, Okon-Singer, Hada, Olino, Thomas M., Ortner, Catherine, Owolabi, Mayowa, Padulo, Caterina, Palermo, Romina, Palumbo, Rocco, Palumbo, Sara, Papadelis, Christo, Pegna, Alan J., Pellegrini, Silvia, Peltonen, Kirsi, Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Pietrini, Pietro, Pinna, Graziano, Lobo, Rosario Pinto, Polnaszek, Kelly L., Polyakova, Maryna, Rabinak, Christine, Helene Richter, S., Richter, Thalia, Riva, Giuseppe, Rizzo, Amelia, Robinson, Jennifer L., Rosa, Pedro, Sachdev, Perminder S., Sato, Wataru, Schroeter, Matthias L., Schweizer, Susanne, Shiban, Youssef, Siddharthan, Advaith, Siedlecka, Ewa, Smith, Robert C., Soreq, Hermona, Spangler, Derek P., Stern, Emily R., Styliadis, Chari, Sullivan, Gavin B., Swain, James E., Urben, Sébastien, Van den Stock, Jan, vander Kooij, Michael A., van Overveld, Mark, Van Rheenen, Tamsyn E., Vanelzakker, Michael B., Ventura-Bort, Carlo, Verona, Edelyn, Volk, Tyler, Wang, Yi, Weingast, Leah T., Weymar, Mathia, Williams, Claire, Willis, Megan L., Yamashita, Paula, Zahn, Roland, Zupan, Barbra, Lowe, Leroy, Balconi, Michela (ORCID:0000-0002-8634-1951), Cipresso, Pietro (ORCID:0000-0002-0662-7678), and Riva, Giuseppe (ORCID:0000-0003-3657-106X)
Abstract: Over the last decades, theoretical perspectives in the interdisciplinary field of the affective sciences have proliferated rather than converged due to differing assumptions about what human affective phenomena are and how they work. These metaphysical and mechanistic assumptions, shaped by academic context and values, have dictated affective constructs and operationalizations. However, an assumption about the purpose of affective phenomena can guide us to a common set of metaphysical and mechanistic assumptions. In this capstone paper, we home in on a nested teleological principle for human affective phenomena in order to synthesize metaphysical and mechanistic assumptions. Under this framework, human affective phenomena can collectively be considered algorithms that either adjust based on the human comfort zone (affective concerns) or monitor those adaptive processes (affective features). This teleologically-grounded framework offers a principled agenda and launchpad for both organizing existing perspectives and generating new ones. Ultimately, we hope the Human Affectome brings us a step closer to not only an integrated understanding of human affective phenomena, but an integrated field for affective research.
Published: 2024

3. Cerveau et odorat : Comment (ré)éduquer son nez Ed. 2

Author: Bensafi, Moustafa, Rouby, Catherine, Bensafi, Moustafa, Bensafi, Moustafa, Rouby, Catherine, and Bensafi, Moustafa
Abstract: Ce livre s’adresse à ceux qui veulent mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de l’odorat, un sens discret révélé récemment en pleine lumière par la Covid-19 : on peut le perdre, le récupérer vite, ou pas. Il a pour ambition de faire découvrir au grand public et aux curieux ce sens remarquable par ses relations avec notre cerveau émotionnel mais aussi par le fait qu’il est capable de régénération et de plasticité. Une véritable aubaine pour l’éduquer ou le rééduquer, même à l’âge adulte. Des fiches conseil sont incluses dans ce but. Il s’adresse à tous les enfants et parents qui aiment scruter et partager leurs expériences olfactives ; aux passionnés pour qui les odeurs participent à leur joie de vivre ; aux enseignants qui souhaitent une meilleure transmission des savoirs concernant ce sens négligé par nos cultures occidentales ; aux professionnels qui utilisent quotidiennement leur odorat pour créer de nouveaux produits parfumés ; à ceux qui n’ont jamais eu d’odorat et qui veulent comprendre comment les odeurs impactent nos émotions, notre mémoire et notre vie sociale ; à ceux qui l’ont perdu, et qui soucieux de retrouver le plaisir de manger et de se parfumer sont motivés pour rééduquer leur nez.
Published: 2021

4. Cerveau et odorat : Comment (ré)éduquer son nez Ed. 2

Author: Bensafi, Moustafa, Rouby, Catherine, Bensafi, Moustafa, Bensafi, Moustafa, Rouby, Catherine, and Bensafi, Moustafa
Abstract: Ce livre s’adresse à ceux qui veulent mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de l’odorat, un sens discret révélé récemment en pleine lumière par la Covid-19 : on peut le perdre, le récupérer vite, ou pas. Il a pour ambition de faire découvrir au grand public et aux curieux ce sens remarquable par ses relations avec notre cerveau émotionnel mais aussi par le fait qu’il est capable de régénération et de plasticité. Une véritable aubaine pour l’éduquer ou le rééduquer, même à l’âge adulte. Des fiches conseil sont incluses dans ce but. Il s’adresse à tous les enfants et parents qui aiment scruter et partager leurs expériences olfactives ; aux passionnés pour qui les odeurs participent à leur joie de vivre ; aux enseignants qui souhaitent une meilleure transmission des savoirs concernant ce sens négligé par nos cultures occidentales ; aux professionnels qui utilisent quotidiennement leur odorat pour créer de nouveaux produits parfumés ; à ceux qui n’ont jamais eu d’odorat et qui veulent comprendre comment les odeurs impactent nos émotions, notre mémoire et notre vie sociale ; à ceux qui l’ont perdu, et qui soucieux de retrouver le plaisir de manger et de se parfumer sont motivés pour rééduquer leur nez.
Published: 2021

5. Evaluation de l’applicabilité du 'Sniffin’Stick test' dans la population africaine sub-saharienne du Sud-Kivu (R.D.Congo)

Author: UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, UCL - Faculté de médecine et médecine dentaire, ROMBAUX, Philippe, MOURAUX, André, DEGGOUJ, Naïma, HUART, Caroline, MALOTEAUX, Jean-Marie, BENSAFI, Moustafa, WATELET, Jean-Baptiste, MATANDA, Richard, BISIMWA, Ghislain, Balungwe, Patrick, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, UCL - Faculté de médecine et médecine dentaire, ROMBAUX, Philippe, MOURAUX, André, DEGGOUJ, Naïma, HUART, Caroline, MALOTEAUX, Jean-Marie, BENSAFI, Moustafa, WATELET, Jean-Baptiste, MATANDA, Richard, BISIMWA, Ghislain, and Balungwe, Patrick
Abstract: The olfactory disorders, formerly neglected, were recognized worldwide with the COVID-19 outbreak. Management of olfactory disorders requires appropriate tools of investigation. The Sniffin`Sticks test is widely used in Europe as a standard test to assess olfaction. However, up to now, there is no version adapted to Sub-Saharan African populations. This PhD thesis aimed at assessing the applicability of the Sniffin`Sticks test in the population of South-Kivu. Overall, we conducted three studies. In the first study, we selected odours that were poorly recognised in the identification test with the standard version of the Sniffin'stick test and proposed to replace them with culturally appropriate odours in an adapted version. In the second study, we found that the adapted version led to a higher rate of correctly identified odours and we defined normative values for the South Kivu population. In the third study, using the adapted version, we found that hyposmia predominated when the cause was an upper respiratory tract infection, while anosmia predominated when the cause was non-infectious. Our results point to the necessity of adapting the Sniffin`Sticks test by using both adapted odors and normative values specific to this population., Les troubles olfactifs, autrefois négligés, ont été reconnus dans le monde entier avec l'épidémie de COVID-19. La prise en charge des troubles olfactifs nécessite des outils d'investigation adaptés. Le Sniffin`Sticks test est largement utilisé en Europe comme test standard pour évaluer l'olfaction. Cependant, à ce jour, il n'existe pas de version adaptée aux populations d'Afrique subsaharienne. Cette thèse de doctorat visait à évaluer l'applicabilité du Sniffin`Sticks test dans la population du Sud-Kivu. Dans l'ensemble, nous avons mené trois études. Dans la première étude, nous avons sélectionné des odeurs mal reconnues lors du test d'identification avec la version standard du Sniffin’stick test et avons proposé de les remplacer par des odeurs culturellement appropriées dans une version adaptée. Dans la deuxième étude, nous avons constaté que la version adaptée conduisait à un taux plus élevé d'odeurs correctement identifiées et nous avons défini des valeurs normatives pour la population du Sud-Kivu. Dans la troisième étude, en utilisant la version adaptée, nous avons constaté que l'hyposmie prédominait lorsque la cause était une infection des voies respiratoires supérieures, alors que l'anosmie l'était lorsque la cause était non infectieuse. Nos résultats soulignent la nécessité d'adapter le Sniffin`Sticks test en utilisant à la fois des odeurs adaptées et des valeurs normatives propres à cette population., (MED - Sciences médicales) -- UCL, 2022
Published: 2022

6. Cerveau et odorat : Comment (ré)éduquer son nez Ed. 1

Author: Bensafi, Moustafa, Rouby, Catherine, Bensafi, Moustafa, Bensafi, Moustafa, Rouby, Catherine, and Bensafi, Moustafa
Abstract: Ce livre s'adresse à ceux qui veulent mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de l'odorat, un sens discret révélé récemment en pleine lumière par la Covid-19 : on peut le perdre, le récupérer vite, ou pas. Il a pour ambition de faire découvrir au grand public et aux curieux ce sens remarquable par ses relations avec notre cerveau émotionnel mais aussi par le fait qu'il est capable de régénération et de plasticité. Une véritable aubaine pour l'éduquer ou le rééduquer, même à l'âge adulte. Il s'adresse à tous les enfants et parents qui aiment scruter et partager leurs expériences olfactives ; aux passionnés pour qui les odeurs participent à leur joie de vivre ; aux enseignants qui souhaitent une meilleure transmission des savoirs concernant ce sens négligé par nos cultures occidentales ; aux professionnels qui utilisent quotidiennement leur odorat pour créer de nouveaux produits parfumés ; à ceux qui n'ont jamais eu d'odorat et qui veulent comprendre comment les odeurs impactent nos émotions, notre mémoire et notre vie sociale ; à ceux qui l'ont perdu, et qui soucieux de retrouver le plaisir de manger et de se parfumer sont motivés pour rééduquer leur nez. Le lecteur trouvera en libre accès des fiches pratiques "Comment (ré)éduquer votre odorat" sur la page web du livre (Compléments): laboutique.edpsciences.fr
Published: 2020

7. Cerveau et odorat : Comment (ré)éduquer son nez Ed. 1

Author: Bensafi, Moustafa, Rouby, Catherine, Bensafi, Moustafa, Bensafi, Moustafa, Rouby, Catherine, and Bensafi, Moustafa
Abstract: Ce livre s'adresse à ceux qui veulent mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de l'odorat, un sens discret révélé récemment en pleine lumière par la Covid-19 : on peut le perdre, le récupérer vite, ou pas. Il a pour ambition de faire découvrir au grand public et aux curieux ce sens remarquable par ses relations avec notre cerveau émotionnel mais aussi par le fait qu'il est capable de régénération et de plasticité. Une véritable aubaine pour l'éduquer ou le rééduquer, même à l'âge adulte. Il s'adresse à tous les enfants et parents qui aiment scruter et partager leurs expériences olfactives ; aux passionnés pour qui les odeurs participent à leur joie de vivre ; aux enseignants qui souhaitent une meilleure transmission des savoirs concernant ce sens négligé par nos cultures occidentales ; aux professionnels qui utilisent quotidiennement leur odorat pour créer de nouveaux produits parfumés ; à ceux qui n'ont jamais eu d'odorat et qui veulent comprendre comment les odeurs impactent nos émotions, notre mémoire et notre vie sociale ; à ceux qui l'ont perdu, et qui soucieux de retrouver le plaisir de manger et de se parfumer sont motivés pour rééduquer leur nez. Le lecteur trouvera en libre accès des fiches pratiques "Comment (ré)éduquer votre odorat" sur la page web du livre (Compléments): laboutique.edpsciences.fr
Published: 2020

8. Cerveau et odorat : Comment (ré)éduquer son nez Ed. 1

Author: Bensafi, Moustafa, Rouby, Catherine, Bensafi, Moustafa, Bensafi, Moustafa, Rouby, Catherine, and Bensafi, Moustafa
Abstract: Ce livre s'adresse à ceux qui veulent mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de l'odorat, un sens discret révélé récemment en pleine lumière par la Covid-19 : on peut le perdre, le récupérer vite, ou pas. Il a pour ambition de faire découvrir au grand public et aux curieux ce sens remarquable par ses relations avec notre cerveau émotionnel mais aussi par le fait qu'il est capable de régénération et de plasticité. Une véritable aubaine pour l'éduquer ou le rééduquer, même à l'âge adulte. Il s'adresse à tous les enfants et parents qui aiment scruter et partager leurs expériences olfactives ; aux passionnés pour qui les odeurs participent à leur joie de vivre ; aux enseignants qui souhaitent une meilleure transmission des savoirs concernant ce sens négligé par nos cultures occidentales ; aux professionnels qui utilisent quotidiennement leur odorat pour créer de nouveaux produits parfumés ; à ceux qui n'ont jamais eu d'odorat et qui veulent comprendre comment les odeurs impactent nos émotions, notre mémoire et notre vie sociale ; à ceux qui l'ont perdu, et qui soucieux de retrouver le plaisir de manger et de se parfumer sont motivés pour rééduquer leur nez. Le lecteur trouvera en libre accès des fiches pratiques "Comment (ré)éduquer votre odorat" sur la page web du livre (Compléments): laboutique.edpsciences.fr
Published: 2020

9. Cerveau et odorat : Comment (ré)éduquer son nez Ed. 1

Author: Bensafi, Moustafa, Rouby, Catherine, Bensafi, Moustafa, Bensafi, Moustafa, Rouby, Catherine, and Bensafi, Moustafa
Abstract: Ce livre s'adresse à ceux qui veulent mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de l'odorat, un sens discret révélé récemment en pleine lumière par la Covid-19 : on peut le perdre, le récupérer vite, ou pas. Il a pour ambition de faire découvrir au grand public et aux curieux ce sens remarquable par ses relations avec notre cerveau émotionnel mais aussi par le fait qu'il est capable de régénération et de plasticité. Une véritable aubaine pour l'éduquer ou le rééduquer, même à l'âge adulte. Il s'adresse à tous les enfants et parents qui aiment scruter et partager leurs expériences olfactives ; aux passionnés pour qui les odeurs participent à leur joie de vivre ; aux enseignants qui souhaitent une meilleure transmission des savoirs concernant ce sens négligé par nos cultures occidentales ; aux professionnels qui utilisent quotidiennement leur odorat pour créer de nouveaux produits parfumés ; à ceux qui n'ont jamais eu d'odorat et qui veulent comprendre comment les odeurs impactent nos émotions, notre mémoire et notre vie sociale ; à ceux qui l'ont perdu, et qui soucieux de retrouver le plaisir de manger et de se parfumer sont motivés pour rééduquer leur nez. Le lecteur trouvera en libre accès des fiches pratiques "Comment (ré)éduquer votre odorat" sur la page web du livre (Compléments): laboutique.edpsciences.fr
Published: 2020

10. Cerveau et odorat : Comment (ré)éduquer son nez Ed. 1

Author: Bensafi, Moustafa, Rouby, Catherine, Bensafi, Moustafa, Bensafi, Moustafa, Rouby, Catherine, and Bensafi, Moustafa
Abstract: Ce livre s'adresse à ceux qui veulent mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de l'odorat, un sens discret révélé récemment en pleine lumière par la Covid-19 : on peut le perdre, le récupérer vite, ou pas. Il a pour ambition de faire découvrir au grand public et aux curieux ce sens remarquable par ses relations avec notre cerveau émotionnel mais aussi par le fait qu'il est capable de régénération et de plasticité. Une véritable aubaine pour l'éduquer ou le rééduquer, même à l'âge adulte. Il s'adresse à tous les enfants et parents qui aiment scruter et partager leurs expériences olfactives ; aux passionnés pour qui les odeurs participent à leur joie de vivre ; aux enseignants qui souhaitent une meilleure transmission des savoirs concernant ce sens négligé par nos cultures occidentales ; aux professionnels qui utilisent quotidiennement leur odorat pour créer de nouveaux produits parfumés ; à ceux qui n'ont jamais eu d'odorat et qui veulent comprendre comment les odeurs impactent nos émotions, notre mémoire et notre vie sociale ; à ceux qui l'ont perdu, et qui soucieux de retrouver le plaisir de manger et de se parfumer sont motivés pour rééduquer leur nez. Le lecteur trouvera en libre accès des fiches pratiques "Comment (ré)éduquer votre odorat" sur la page web du livre (Compléments): laboutique.edpsciences.fr
Published: 2020

11. Recent Smell Loss Is the Best Predictor of COVID-19 Among Individuals With Recent Respiratory Symptoms.

Author: UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, Gerkin, Richard C, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G, Joseph, Paule V, Kelly, Christine E, Bakke, Alyssa J, Steele, Kimberley E, Farruggia, Michael C, Pellegrino, Robert, Pepino, Marta Y, Bouysset, Cédric, Soler, Graciela M, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Dibattista, Michele, Cooper, Keiland W, Croijmans, Ilja, Di Pizio, Antonella, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W, Lin, Cailu, Sandell, Mari A, Singh, Preet B, Brindha, V Evelyn, Olsson, Shannon B, Saraiva, Luis R, Ahuja, Gaurav, Alwashahi, Mohammed K, Bhutani, Surabhi, D'Errico, Anna, Fornazieri, Marco A, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Dar Hwang, Liang, Öztürk, Lina, Roura, Eugeni, Spinelli, Sara, Whitcroft, Katherine L, Faraji, Farhoud, Fischmeister, Florian Ph S, Heinbockel, Thomas, Hsieh, Julien W, Huart, Caroline, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Menini, Anna, Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K, Philpott, Carl M, Pierron, Denis, Shields, Vonnie D C, Voznessenskaya, Vera V, Albayay, Javier, Altundag, Aytug, Bensafi, Moustafa, Bock, María Adelaida, Calcinoni, Orietta, Fredborg, William, Laudamiel, Christophe, Lim, Juyun, Lundström, Johan N, Macchi, Alberto, Meyer, Pablo, Moein, Shima T, Santamaría, Enrique, Sengupta, Debarka, Rohlfs Dominguez, Paloma, Yanik, Hüseyin, Hummel, Thomas, Hayes, John E, Reed, Danielle R, Niv, Masha Y, Munger, Steven D, Parma, Valentina, GCCR Group Author, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, Gerkin, Richard C, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G, Joseph, Paule V, Kelly, Christine E, Bakke, Alyssa J, Steele, Kimberley E, Farruggia, Michael C, Pellegrino, Robert, Pepino, Marta Y, Bouysset, Cédric, Soler, Graciela M, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Dibattista, Michele, Cooper, Keiland W, Croijmans, Ilja, Di Pizio, Antonella, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W, Lin, Cailu, Sandell, Mari A, Singh, Preet B, Brindha, V Evelyn, Olsson, Shannon B, Saraiva, Luis R, Ahuja, Gaurav, Alwashahi, Mohammed K, Bhutani, Surabhi, D'Errico, Anna, Fornazieri, Marco A, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Dar Hwang, Liang, Öztürk, Lina, Roura, Eugeni, Spinelli, Sara, Whitcroft, Katherine L, Faraji, Farhoud, Fischmeister, Florian Ph S, Heinbockel, Thomas, Hsieh, Julien W, Huart, Caroline, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Menini, Anna, Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K, Philpott, Carl M, Pierron, Denis, Shields, Vonnie D C, Voznessenskaya, Vera V, Albayay, Javier, Altundag, Aytug, Bensafi, Moustafa, Bock, María Adelaida, Calcinoni, Orietta, Fredborg, William, Laudamiel, Christophe, Lim, Juyun, Lundström, Johan N, Macchi, Alberto, Meyer, Pablo, Moein, Shima T, Santamaría, Enrique, Sengupta, Debarka, Rohlfs Dominguez, Paloma, Yanik, Hüseyin, Hummel, Thomas, Hayes, John E, Reed, Danielle R, Niv, Masha Y, Munger, Steven D, Parma, Valentina, and GCCR Group Author
Abstract: In a preregistered, cross-sectional study, we investigated whether olfactory loss is a reliable predictor of COVID-19 using a crowdsourced questionnaire in 23 languages to assess symptoms in individuals self-reporting recent respiratory illness. We quantified changes in chemosensory abilities during the course of the respiratory illness using 0-100 visual analog scales (VAS) for participants reporting a positive (C19+; n = 4148) or negative (C19-; n = 546) COVID-19 laboratory test outcome. Logistic regression models identified univariate and multivariate predictors of COVID-19 status and post-COVID-19 olfactory recovery. Both C19+ and C19- groups exhibited smell loss, but it was significantly larger in C19+ participants (mean ± SD, C19+: -82.5 ± 27.2 points; C19-: -59.8 ± 37.7). Smell loss during illness was the best predictor of COVID-19 in both univariate and multivariate models (ROC AUC = 0.72). Additional variables provide negligible model improvement. VAS ratings of smell loss were more predictive than binary chemosensory yes/no-questions or other cardinal symptoms (e.g., fever). Olfactory recovery within 40 days of respiratory symptom onset was reported for ~50% of participants and was best predicted by time since respiratory symptom onset. We find that quantified smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19 amongst those with symptoms of respiratory illness. To aid clinicians and contact tracers in identifying individuals with a high likelihood of having COVID-19, we propose a novel 0-10 scale to screen for recent olfactory loss, the ODoR-19. We find that numeric ratings ≤2 indicate high odds of symptomatic COVID-19 (4 < OR < 10). Once independently validated, this tool could be deployed when viral lab tests are impractical or unavailable.
Published: 2021

12. Corrigendum to: More Than Smell-COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis.

Author: UCL - SSS/IONS - Institute of NeuroScience, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, Parma, Valentina, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G, Niv, Masha Y, Kelly, Christine E, Bakke, Alyssa J, Cooper, Keiland W, Bouysset, Cédric, Pirastu, Nicola, Dibattista, Michele, Kaur, Rishemjit, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Pepino, Marta Y, Schöpf, Veronika, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Olsson, Shannon B, Gerkin, Richard C, Rohlfs Domínguez, Paloma, Albayay, Javier, Farruggia, Michael C, Bhutani, Surabhi, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W, Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Di Pizio, Antonella, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R, Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang-Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A, Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, Katherine L, Colquitt, Lauren R, Ferdenzi, Camille, Brindha, Evelyn V, Altundag, Aytug, Macchi, Alberto, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Patel, Zara M, Fiorucci, Sébastien, Philpott, Carl M, Smith, Barry C, Lundström, Johan N, Mucignat, Carla, Parker, Jane K, van den Brink, Mirjam, Schmuker, Michael, Fischmeister, Florian Ph S, Heinbockel, Thomas, Shields, Vonnie D C, Faraji, Farhoud, Santamaría, Enrique, Fredborg, William E A, Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K, Jalessi, Maryam, Karni, Noam, D'Errico, Anna, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Pellegrino, Robert, Meyer, Pablo, Huart, Caroline, Chen, Ben, Soler, Graciela M, Alwashahi, Mohammed K, Welge-Lüssen, Antje, Freiherr, Jessica, de Groot, Jasper H B, Klein, Hadar, Okamoto, Masako, Singh, Preet Bano, Hsieh, Julien W, GCCR Group Author, Reed, Danielle R, Hummel, Thomas, Munger, Steven D, Hayes, John E, UCL - SSS/IONS - Institute of NeuroScience, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, Parma, Valentina, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G, Niv, Masha Y, Kelly, Christine E, Bakke, Alyssa J, Cooper, Keiland W, Bouysset, Cédric, Pirastu, Nicola, Dibattista, Michele, Kaur, Rishemjit, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Pepino, Marta Y, Schöpf, Veronika, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Olsson, Shannon B, Gerkin, Richard C, Rohlfs Domínguez, Paloma, Albayay, Javier, Farruggia, Michael C, Bhutani, Surabhi, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W, Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Di Pizio, Antonella, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R, Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang-Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A, Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, Katherine L, Colquitt, Lauren R, Ferdenzi, Camille, Brindha, Evelyn V, Altundag, Aytug, Macchi, Alberto, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Patel, Zara M, Fiorucci, Sébastien, Philpott, Carl M, Smith, Barry C, Lundström, Johan N, Mucignat, Carla, Parker, Jane K, van den Brink, Mirjam, Schmuker, Michael, Fischmeister, Florian Ph S, Heinbockel, Thomas, Shields, Vonnie D C, Faraji, Farhoud, Santamaría, Enrique, Fredborg, William E A, Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K, Jalessi, Maryam, Karni, Noam, D'Errico, Anna, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Pellegrino, Robert, Meyer, Pablo, Huart, Caroline, Chen, Ben, Soler, Graciela M, Alwashahi, Mohammed K, Welge-Lüssen, Antje, Freiherr, Jessica, de Groot, Jasper H B, Klein, Hadar, Okamoto, Masako, Singh, Preet Bano, Hsieh, Julien W, GCCR Group Author, Reed, Danielle R, Hummel, Thomas, Munger, Steven D, and Hayes, John E
Abstract: This is a correction notice for article bjaa041 (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa041), published 20 June 2020. An incorrect version of the caption to Figure 5 was mistakenly included in the published paper. An updated version is given below. Neither the data nor the paper’s conclusions were affected by this correction. The authors sincerely apologize for the error.
Published: 2021

13. Recent Smell Loss Is the Best Predictor of COVID-19 Among Individuals With Recent Respiratory Symptoms

Author: Gerkin, Richard C., Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G., Joseph, Paule, Kelly, Christine E., Bakke, Alyssa J., Steele, Kimberley E., Farruggia, Michael C., Pellegrino, Robert, Pepino, Marta Y., Bouysset, Cedric, Soler, Graciela M., Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Dibattista, Michele, Cooper, Keiland W., Croijmans, Ilja, Di Pizio, Antonella, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W., Lin, Cailu, Sandell, Mari A., Singh, Preet B., Brindha, V. Evelyn, Olsson, Shannon B., Saraiva, Luis R., Ahuja, Gaurav, Alwashahi, Mohammed K., Bhutani, Surabhi, D'Errico, Anna, Fornazieri, Marco A., Golebiowski, Jerome, Hwang, Liang Dar, Ozturk, Lina, Roura, Eugeni, Spinelli, Sara, Whitcroft, Katherine L., Faraji, Farhoud, Fischmeister, Florian Ph S., Heinbockel, Thomas, Hsieh, Julien W., Huart, Caroline, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Menini, Anna, Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K., Philpott, Carl M., Pierron, Denis, Shields, Vonnie D. C., Voznessenskaya, Vera V., Albayay, Javier, Altundag, Aytug, Bensafi, Moustafa, Bock, Maria Adelaida, Calcinoni, Orietta, Fredborg, William, Laudamiel, Christophe, Lim, Juyun, Lundstrom, Johan N., Macchi, Alberto, Meyer, Pablo, Moein, Shima T., Santamaria, Enrique, Sengupta, Debarka, Dominguez, Paloma Rohlfs, Yanik, Huseyin, Hummel, Thomas, Hayes, John E., Reed, Danielle R., Niv, Masha Y., Munger, Steven D., Parma, Valentina, Gerkin, Richard C., Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G., Joseph, Paule, Kelly, Christine E., Bakke, Alyssa J., Steele, Kimberley E., Farruggia, Michael C., Pellegrino, Robert, Pepino, Marta Y., Bouysset, Cedric, Soler, Graciela M., Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Dibattista, Michele, Cooper, Keiland W., Croijmans, Ilja, Di Pizio, Antonella, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W., Lin, Cailu, Sandell, Mari A., Singh, Preet B., Brindha, V. Evelyn, Olsson, Shannon B., Saraiva, Luis R., Ahuja, Gaurav, Alwashahi, Mohammed K., Bhutani, Surabhi, D'Errico, Anna, Fornazieri, Marco A., Golebiowski, Jerome, Hwang, Liang Dar, Ozturk, Lina, Roura, Eugeni, Spinelli, Sara, Whitcroft, Katherine L., Faraji, Farhoud, Fischmeister, Florian Ph S., Heinbockel, Thomas, Hsieh, Julien W., Huart, Caroline, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Menini, Anna, Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K., Philpott, Carl M., Pierron, Denis, Shields, Vonnie D. C., Voznessenskaya, Vera V., Albayay, Javier, Altundag, Aytug, Bensafi, Moustafa, Bock, Maria Adelaida, Calcinoni, Orietta, Fredborg, William, Laudamiel, Christophe, Lim, Juyun, Lundstrom, Johan N., Macchi, Alberto, Meyer, Pablo, Moein, Shima T., Santamaria, Enrique, Sengupta, Debarka, Dominguez, Paloma Rohlfs, Yanik, Huseyin, Hummel, Thomas, Hayes, John E., Reed, Danielle R., Niv, Masha Y., Munger, Steven D., and Parma, Valentina
Abstract: In a preregistered, cross-sectional study, we investigated whether olfactory loss is a reliable predictor of COVID-19 using a crowdsourced questionnaire in 23 languages to assess symptoms in individuals self-reporting recent respiratory illness. We quantified changes in chemosensory abilities during the course of the respiratory illness using 0–100 visual analog scales (VAS) for participants reporting a positive (C19+; n = 4148) or negative (C19−; n = 546) COVID-19 laboratory test outcome. Logistic regression models identified univariate and multivariate predictors of COVID-19 status and post-COVID-19 olfactory recovery. Both C19+ and C19− groups exhibited smell loss, but it was significantly larger in C19+ participants (mean ± SD, C19+: −82.5 ± 27.2 points; C19−: −59.8 ± 37.7). Smell loss during illness was the best predictor of COVID-19 in both univariate and multivariate models (ROC AUC = 0.72). Additional variables provide negligible model improvement. VAS ratings of smell loss were more predictive than binary chemosensory yes/no-questions or other cardinal symptoms (e.g., fever). Olfactory recovery within 40 days of respiratory symptom onset was reported for ~50% of participants and was best predicted by time since respiratory symptom onset. We find that quantified smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19 amongst those with symptoms of respiratory illness. To aid clinicians and contact tracers in identifying individuals with a high likelihood of having COVID-19, we propose a novel 0–10 scale to screen for recent olfactory loss, the ODoR-19. We find that numeric ratings ≤2 indicate high odds of symptomatic COVID-19 (4 < OR < 10). Once independently validated, this tool could be deployed when viral lab tests are impractical or unavailable.
Published: 2021
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14. Recent Smell Loss Is the Best Predictor of COVID-19 Among Individuals With Recent Respiratory Symptoms.

Author: Gerkin, Richard, Gerkin, Richard, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria, Joseph, Paule, Kelly, Christine, Bakke, Alyssa, Steele, Kimberley, Farruggia, Michael, Pellegrino, Robert, Pepino, Marta, Bouysset, Cédric, Soler, Graciela, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Dibattista, Michele, Cooper, Keiland, Croijmans, Ilja, Di Pizio, Antonella, Ozdener, Mehmet, Fjaeldstad, Alexander, Lin, Cailu, Sandell, Mari, Singh, Preet, Brindha, V, Olsson, Shannon, Saraiva, Luis, Ahuja, Gaurav, Alwashahi, Mohammed, Bhutani, Surabhi, DErrico, Anna, Fornazieri, Marco, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Dar Hwang, Liang, Öztürk, Lina, Roura, Eugeni, Spinelli, Sara, Whitcroft, Katherine, Faraji, Farhoud, Fischmeister, Florian, Heinbockel, Thomas, Hsieh, Julien, Huart, Caroline, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Menini, Anna, Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas, Philpott, Carl, Pierron, Denis, Shields, Vonnie, Voznessenskaya, Vera, Albayay, Javier, Altundag, Aytug, Bensafi, Moustafa, Bock, María, Calcinoni, Orietta, Fredborg, William, Laudamiel, Christophe, Lim, Juyun, Lundström, Johan, Macchi, Alberto, Meyer, Pablo, Moein, Shima, Santamaría, Enrique, Sengupta, Debarka, Rohlfs Dominguez, Paloma, Yanik, Hüseyin, Hummel, Thomas, Hayes, John, Reed, Danielle, Niv, Masha, Munger, Steven, Parma, Valentina, Gerkin, Richard, Gerkin, Richard, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria, Joseph, Paule, Kelly, Christine, Bakke, Alyssa, Steele, Kimberley, Farruggia, Michael, Pellegrino, Robert, Pepino, Marta, Bouysset, Cédric, Soler, Graciela, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Dibattista, Michele, Cooper, Keiland, Croijmans, Ilja, Di Pizio, Antonella, Ozdener, Mehmet, Fjaeldstad, Alexander, Lin, Cailu, Sandell, Mari, Singh, Preet, Brindha, V, Olsson, Shannon, Saraiva, Luis, Ahuja, Gaurav, Alwashahi, Mohammed, Bhutani, Surabhi, DErrico, Anna, Fornazieri, Marco, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Dar Hwang, Liang, Öztürk, Lina, Roura, Eugeni, Spinelli, Sara, Whitcroft, Katherine, Faraji, Farhoud, Fischmeister, Florian, Heinbockel, Thomas, Hsieh, Julien, Huart, Caroline, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Menini, Anna, Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas, Philpott, Carl, Pierron, Denis, Shields, Vonnie, Voznessenskaya, Vera, Albayay, Javier, Altundag, Aytug, Bensafi, Moustafa, Bock, María, Calcinoni, Orietta, Fredborg, William, Laudamiel, Christophe, Lim, Juyun, Lundström, Johan, Macchi, Alberto, Meyer, Pablo, Moein, Shima, Santamaría, Enrique, Sengupta, Debarka, Rohlfs Dominguez, Paloma, Yanik, Hüseyin, Hummel, Thomas, Hayes, John, Reed, Danielle, Niv, Masha, Munger, Steven, and Parma, Valentina
Abstract: In a preregistered, cross-sectional study, we investigated whether olfactory loss is a reliable predictor of COVID-19 using a crowdsourced questionnaire in 23 languages to assess symptoms in individuals self-reporting recent respiratory illness. We quantified changes in chemosensory abilities during the course of the respiratory illness using 0-100 visual analog scales (VAS) for participants reporting a positive (C19+; n = 4148) or negative (C19-; n = 546) COVID-19 laboratory test outcome. Logistic regression models identified univariate and multivariate predictors of COVID-19 status and post-COVID-19 olfactory recovery. Both C19+ and C19- groups exhibited smell loss, but it was significantly larger in C19+ participants (mean ± SD, C19+: -82.5 ± 27.2 points; C19-: -59.8 ± 37.7). Smell loss during illness was the best predictor of COVID-19 in both univariate and multivariate models (ROC AUC = 0.72). Additional variables provide negligible model improvement. VAS ratings of smell loss were more predictive than binary chemosensory yes/no-questions or other cardinal symptoms (e.g., fever). Olfactory recovery within 40 days of respiratory symptom onset was reported for ~50% of participants and was best predicted by time since respiratory symptom onset. We find that quantified smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19 amongst those with symptoms of respiratory illness. To aid clinicians and contact tracers in identifying individuals with a high likelihood of having COVID-19, we propose a novel 0-10 scale to screen for recent olfactory loss, the ODoR-19. We find that numeric ratings ≤2 indicate high odds of symptomatic COVID-19 (4 < OR < 10). Once independently validated, this tool could be deployed when viral lab tests are impractical or unavailable.
Published: 2021

15. Data-science based analysis of perceptual spaces of odors in olfactory loss

Author: Lötsch, Jörn, Ultsch, Alfred, Hähner, Antje, Willgeroth, Vivien, Bensafi, Moustafa, Zaliani, Andrea, Hummel, Thomas, Lötsch, Jörn, Ultsch, Alfred, Hähner, Antje, Willgeroth, Vivien, Bensafi, Moustafa, Zaliani, Andrea, and Hummel, Thomas
Abstract: Diminished sense of smell impairs the quality of life but olfactorily disabled people are hardly considered in measures of disability inclusion. We aimed to stratify perceptual characteristics and odors according to the extent to which they are perceived differently with reduced sense of smell, as a possible basis for creating olfactory experiences that are enjoyed in a similar way by subjects with normal or impaired olfactory function. In 146 subjects with normal or reduced olfactory function, perceptual characteristics (edibility, intensity, irritation, temperature, familiarity, hedonics, painfulness) were tested for four sets of 10 different odors each. Data were analyzed with (i) a projection based on principal component analysis and (ii) the training of a machine-learning algorithm in a 1000-fold cross-validated setting to distinguish between olfactory diagnosis based on odor property ratings. Both analytical approaches identified perceived intensity and familiarity with the odor as discriminating characteristics between olfactory diagnoses, while evoked pain sensation and perceived temperature were not discriminating, followed by edibility. Two disjoint sets of odors were identified, i.e., d = 4 “discriminating odors” with respect to olfactory diagnosis, including cis-3-hexenol, methyl salicylate, 1-butanol and cineole, and d = 7 “non-discriminating odors”, including benzyl acetate, heptanal, 4-ethyl-octanoic acid, methional, isobutyric acid, 4-decanolide and p-cresol. Different weightings of the perceptual properties of odors with normal or reduced sense of smell indicate possibilities to create sensory experiences such as food, meals or scents that by emphasizing trigeminal perceptions can be enjoyed by both normosmic and hyposmic individuals.
Published: 2021

16. Corrigendum to: More Than Smell—COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis

Author: Parma, Valentina, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G., Niv, Masha Y., Kelly, Christine E., Bakke, Alyssa J., Cooper, Keiland W., Bouysset, Cédric, Pirastu, Nicola, Dibattista, Michele, Kaur, Rishemjit, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Pepino, Marta Y., Schöpf, Veronika, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Olsson, Shannon B., Gerkin, Richard C., Rohlfs Domínguez, Paloma, Albayay, Javier, Farruggia, Michael C., Bhutani, Surabhi, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W., Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Di Pizio, Antonella, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R., Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A., Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, Katherine L., Colquitt, Lauren R., Ferdenzi, Camille, Brindha, Evelyn V., Altundag, Aytug, Macchi, Alberto, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Patel, Zara M., Fiorucci, Sébastien, Philpott, Carl M., Smith, Barry C., Lundström, Johan N., Mucignat, Carla, Parker, Jane K., Van Den Brink, Mirjam, Schmuker, Michael, Fischmeister, Florian Ph S., Heinbockel, Thomas, Shields, Vonnie D.C., Faraji, Farhoud, Santamaría, Enrique, Fredborg, William E.A., Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K., Jalessi, Maryam, Karni, Noam, D'Errico, Anna, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Pellegrino, Robert, Meyer, Pablo, Huart, Caroline, Chen, Ben, Soler, Graciela M., Alwashahi, Mohammed K., Welge-Lüssen, Antje, Freiherr, Jessica, De Groot, Jasper H.B., Klein, Hadar, Okamoto, Masako, Singh, Preet Bano, Hsieh, Julien W., Abdulrahman, Olagunju, Dalton, Pamela, Yan, Carol H., Voznessenskaya, Vera V., Chen, Jingguo, Sell, Elizabeth A., Walsh-Messinger, Julie, Archer, Nicholas S., Koyama, Sachiko, Deary, Vincent, Roberts, S.C., Yanlk, Hüseyin, Albayrak, Samet, Nováková, Lenka Martinec, Croijmans, Ilja, Mazal, Patricia Portillo, Moein, Shima T., Margulis, Eitan, Mignot, Coralie, Mariño, Sajidxa, Georgiev, Dejan, Kaushik, Pavan K., Malnic, Bettina, Wang, Hong, Seyed-Allaei, Shima, Yoluk, Nur, Razzaghi-Asl, Sara, Justice, Jeb M., Restrepo, Diego, Reed, Danielle R., Hummel, Thomas, Munger, Steven D., Hayes, John E., Parma, Valentina, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G., Niv, Masha Y., Kelly, Christine E., Bakke, Alyssa J., Cooper, Keiland W., Bouysset, Cédric, Pirastu, Nicola, Dibattista, Michele, Kaur, Rishemjit, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Pepino, Marta Y., Schöpf, Veronika, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Olsson, Shannon B., Gerkin, Richard C., Rohlfs Domínguez, Paloma, Albayay, Javier, Farruggia, Michael C., Bhutani, Surabhi, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W., Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Di Pizio, Antonella, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R., Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A., Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, Katherine L., Colquitt, Lauren R., Ferdenzi, Camille, Brindha, Evelyn V., Altundag, Aytug, Macchi, Alberto, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Patel, Zara M., Fiorucci, Sébastien, Philpott, Carl M., Smith, Barry C., Lundström, Johan N., Mucignat, Carla, Parker, Jane K., Van Den Brink, Mirjam, Schmuker, Michael, Fischmeister, Florian Ph S., Heinbockel, Thomas, Shields, Vonnie D.C., Faraji, Farhoud, Santamaría, Enrique, Fredborg, William E.A., Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K., Jalessi, Maryam, Karni, Noam, D'Errico, Anna, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Pellegrino, Robert, Meyer, Pablo, Huart, Caroline, Chen, Ben, Soler, Graciela M., Alwashahi, Mohammed K., Welge-Lüssen, Antje, Freiherr, Jessica, De Groot, Jasper H.B., Klein, Hadar, Okamoto, Masako, Singh, Preet Bano, Hsieh, Julien W., Abdulrahman, Olagunju, Dalton, Pamela, Yan, Carol H., Voznessenskaya, Vera V., Chen, Jingguo, Sell, Elizabeth A., Walsh-Messinger, Julie, Archer, Nicholas S., Koyama, Sachiko, Deary, Vincent, Roberts, S.C., Yanlk, Hüseyin, Albayrak, Samet, Nováková, Lenka Martinec, Croijmans, Ilja, Mazal, Patricia Portillo, Moein, Shima T., Margulis, Eitan, Mignot, Coralie, Mariño, Sajidxa, Georgiev, Dejan, Kaushik, Pavan K., Malnic, Bettina, Wang, Hong, Seyed-Allaei, Shima, Yoluk, Nur, Razzaghi-Asl, Sara, Justice, Jeb M., Restrepo, Diego, Reed, Danielle R., Hummel, Thomas, Munger, Steven D., and Hayes, John E.
Abstract: This is a correction notice for article bjaa041 (DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa041), published 20 June 2020. An incorrect version of the caption to Figure 5 was mistakenly included in the published paper. An updated version is given below. Neither the data nor the paper's conclusions were affected by this correction. The authors sincerely apologize for the error. (A) Correlations between the 3 principal components with respect to changes in 3 chemosensory modalities (i.e., taste, smell, and chemesthesis). Shades of gray indicate positive correlation, whereas shades of red indicate negative correlations. White denotes no correlation. (B) Clusters of participants identified by k-means clustering. The scatterplot shows each participant's loading on dimension 1 (degree of smell and taste loss, PC1 on x-Axis) and dimension 2 (degree of chemesthesis loss, PC2 on y-Axis). Based on the centroid of each cluster, participants in cluster 1 (blue, N = 1767; top left) are generally characterized by significant smell, taste and chemesthesis loss. Participants in cluster 2 (orange, N = 1724; bottom center) are generally characterized by ratings that reflect smell/taste loss with preserved chemesthesis. Loadings for participants in cluster 3 (green, N = 548; right side) are generally characterized by reduced smell and taste loss, and preserved chemesthesis.
Published: 2021

17. Odor Perception in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and its Relationship to Food Neophobia

Author: Luisier, Anne-Claude, Petitpierre, Geneviève, Ferdenzi, Camille, Clerc Bérod, Annick, Giboreau, Agnes, Rouby, Catherine, Bensafi, Moustafa, Luisier, Anne-Claude, Petitpierre, Geneviève, Ferdenzi, Camille, Clerc Bérod, Annick, Giboreau, Agnes, Rouby, Catherine, and Bensafi, Moustafa
Abstract: Atypical sensory functioning in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been well documented in the last decade for the visual, tactile and auditory systems, but olfaction in ASD is still understudied. The aim of the present study was to examine whether children with ASD and neuro-typically (NT) developed children differed in odor perception, at the cognitive (familiarity and identification ability), sensorimotor (olfactory exploration) and affective levels (hedonic evaluation). Because an important function of the sense of smell is its involvement in eating, from food selection to appreciation and recognition, a potential link between odor perception and food neophobia was also investigated. To these ends, 10 children between 6 and 13 years old diagnosed with ASD and 10 NT control children were tested. To compare performance, 16 stimuli were used and food neophobia was assessed by the parents on a short food neophobia scale. Results revealed that (i) hedonic discrimination between attractive and aversive odors was more significant in NT (p=0.005) than ASD children (p=0.05), and (ii) hedonic discrimination level was negatively correlated with food neophobia scores in ASD (p=0.006) but not NT children. In conclusion, this study offers new insights into odor perception in ASD children, highlighting a relationship between odor hedonic reactivity and eating behavior. This opens up new perspectives on both (i) the role of olfaction in the construction of eating behavior in ASD children, and (ii) the measurement and meaning of food neophobia in this population.
Published: 2021

18. Eating behavior in autism: senses as a window towards food acceptance

Author: Petitpierre, Geneviève, Luisier, Anne-Claude, Bensafi, Moustafa, Petitpierre, Geneviève, Luisier, Anne-Claude, and Bensafi, Moustafa
Abstract: Atypical eating behaviors are common in autism. This article sheds light on the role of sensory processing on food acceptance and selectivity in autism. The role of the senses in eating behavior is described, suggesting that changes in liking to food sensory stimuli in autism occur and are linked to food neophobia. Interventions addressing sensory processes to improve eating behavior through familiarization are presented and discussed. Their results suggest that, in addition to other factors such as a social context, following a progression from unimodal to multimodal stimuli, the support of the child as an agent, and finally paying attention to the child's own rhythm, sensory familiarization may change food acceptance in autism.
Published: 2021

19. Erratum: Relationship between odor intensity estimates and COVID-19 prevalence prediction in a Swedish population (Chem. Senses (2020) DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa034)

Author: Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, Lundström, Johan N., Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, and Lundström, Johan N.
Abstract: This is a correction notice for article bjz034 (DOI: https://doi. org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa034), published on 22 May 2020. Due to an error in the script used to create subsections of Figure 1, there was both a shift in the intensity data and an erroneous calculation of error bars in all panels. Figure 1 and the accompanying figure legend have been revised to show the correct levels and error bars. This script error only affected visualization of the data in Figure 1 and did not impact the reported data or conclusions.(Figure Presented).
Published: 2020

20. Relationship between odor intensity estimates and COVID-19 prevalence prediction in a Swedish population

Author: Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, Lundström, Johan N., Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, and Lundström, Johan N.
Abstract: In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, countries have implemented various strategies to reduce and slow the spread of the disease in the general population. For countries that have implemented restrictions on its population in a stepwise manner, monitoring of COVID-19 prevalence is of importance to guide the decision on when to impose new, or when to abolish old, restrictions. We are here determining whether measures of odor intensity in a large sample can serve as one such measure. Online measures of how intense common household odors are perceived and symptoms of COVID-19 were collected from 2440 Swedes. Average odor intensity ratings were then compared to predicted COVID-19 population prevalence over time in the Swedish population and were found to closely track each other (r = −0.83). Moreover, we found that there was a large difference in rated intensity between individuals with and without COVID-19 symptoms and the number of symptoms was related to odor intensity ratings. Finally, we found that individuals progressing from reporting no symptoms to subsequently reporting COVID-19 symptoms demonstrated a large drop in olfactory performance.These data suggest that measures of odor intensity, if obtained in a large and representative sample, can be used as an indicator of COVID-19 disease in the general population. Importantly, this simple measure could easily be implemented in countries without widespread access to COVID-19 testing or implemented as a fast early response before widespread testing can be facilitated.
Published: 2020

21. More than just smell - COVID-19 is associated with severe impairment of smell, taste, and chemesthesis

Author: Parma, Valentina, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G., Niv, Masha Y., Kelly, Christine E., Bakke, Alyssa J., Cooper, Keiland W., Bouysset, Cédric, Pirastu, Nicola, Dibattista, Michele, Kaur, Rishemjit, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Pepino, Marta Y., Schöpf, Veronika, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Olsson, Shannon B, Gerkin, Richard C, Domínguez, Paloma Rohlfs, Albayay, Javier, Farruggia, Michael C., Bhutani, Surabhi, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W, Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Pizio, Antonella Di, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R., Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang-Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Fialov, Jitka Trebická, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A., Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, KL, Colquitt, Lauren R., Ferdenzi, Camille, Brindha, Evelyn V., Altundag, Aytug, Macchi, Alberto, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Patel, Zara M., Fiorucci, Sébastien, Philpott, Carl M., Smith, Barry C., Lundström, Johan N, Mucignat, Carla, Parker, Jane K., Brink, Mirjam van den, Schmuker, Michael, Fischmeister, Florian Ph.S, Heinbockel, Thomas, Shields, Vonnie D.C., Faraji, Farhoud, Santamaría, Enrique Enrique, Fredborg, William E.A., Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K., Jalessi, Maryam, Karni, Noam, D'Errico, Anna, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Pellegrino, Robert, Meyer, Pablo, Huart, Caroline, Chen, Ben, Soler, Graciela M., Alwashahi, Mohammed K., Abdulrahman, Olagunju, Welge-Lüssen, Antje, Dalton, Pamela, Freiherr, Jessica, Yan, Carol H., Groot, Jasper H. B. de, Voznessenskaya, Vera V., Klein, Hadar, Chen, Jingguo, Okamoto, Masako, Sell, Elizabeth A., Singh, Preet Bano, Walsh-Messinger, Julie, Archer, Nicholas S., Koyama, Sachiko, Deary, Vincent, Roberts, S. Craig, Yanik, Hüseyin, Albayrak, Samet, Novákov, Lenka Martinec, Croijmans, Ilja, Mazal, Patricia Portillo, Moein, Shima T., Margulis, Eitan, Mignot, Coralie, Mariño, Sajidxa, Georgiev, Dejan, Kaushik, Pavan K., Malnic, Bettina, Wang, Hong, Seyed-Allaei, Shima, Yoluk, Nur, Asl, Sara Razzaghi, Justice, Jeb M., Restrepo, Diego, Reed, Danielle R., Hummel, Thomas, Munger, Steven, Hayes, John E, Parma, Valentina, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G., Niv, Masha Y., Kelly, Christine E., Bakke, Alyssa J., Cooper, Keiland W., Bouysset, Cédric, Pirastu, Nicola, Dibattista, Michele, Kaur, Rishemjit, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Pepino, Marta Y., Schöpf, Veronika, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Olsson, Shannon B, Gerkin, Richard C, Domínguez, Paloma Rohlfs, Albayay, Javier, Farruggia, Michael C., Bhutani, Surabhi, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W, Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Pizio, Antonella Di, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R., Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang-Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Fialov, Jitka Trebická, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A., Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, KL, Colquitt, Lauren R., Ferdenzi, Camille, Brindha, Evelyn V., Altundag, Aytug, Macchi, Alberto, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Patel, Zara M., Fiorucci, Sébastien, Philpott, Carl M., Smith, Barry C., Lundström, Johan N, Mucignat, Carla, Parker, Jane K., Brink, Mirjam van den, Schmuker, Michael, Fischmeister, Florian Ph.S, Heinbockel, Thomas, Shields, Vonnie D.C., Faraji, Farhoud, Santamaría, Enrique Enrique, Fredborg, William E.A., Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K., Jalessi, Maryam, Karni, Noam, D'Errico, Anna, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Pellegrino, Robert, Meyer, Pablo, Huart, Caroline, Chen, Ben, Soler, Graciela M., Alwashahi, Mohammed K., Abdulrahman, Olagunju, Welge-Lüssen, Antje, Dalton, Pamela, Freiherr, Jessica, Yan, Carol H., Groot, Jasper H. B. de, Voznessenskaya, Vera V., Klein, Hadar, Chen, Jingguo, Okamoto, Masako, Sell, Elizabeth A., Singh, Preet Bano, Walsh-Messinger, Julie, Archer, Nicholas S., Koyama, Sachiko, Deary, Vincent, Roberts, S. Craig, Yanik, Hüseyin, Albayrak, Samet, Novákov, Lenka Martinec, Croijmans, Ilja, Mazal, Patricia Portillo, Moein, Shima T., Margulis, Eitan, Mignot, Coralie, Mariño, Sajidxa, Georgiev, Dejan, Kaushik, Pavan K., Malnic, Bettina, Wang, Hong, Seyed-Allaei, Shima, Yoluk, Nur, Asl, Sara Razzaghi, Justice, Jeb M., Restrepo, Diego, Reed, Danielle R., Hummel, Thomas, Munger, Steven, and Hayes, John E
Abstract: Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, generally lacked quantitative measurements, and were mostly restricted to data from single countries. Here, we report the development, implementation and initial results of a multi-lingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in three distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, 8 other, ages 19-79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change ±100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (-79.7±28.7, mean±SD), taste (-69.0±32.6), and chemesthetic (-37.3±36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell, but also affects taste and chemesthesis. The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Funding Statement This work was supported financially with discretionary funds from the Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), including a gift from James and Helen Zallie g
Published: 2020

22. More Than Smell-COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis.

Author: Parma, Valentina, Parma, Valentina, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G, Niv, Masha Y, Kelly, Christine E, Bakke, Alyssa J, Cooper, Keiland W, Bouysset, Cédric, Pirastu, Nicola, Dibattista, Michele, Kaur, Rishemjit, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Pepino, Marta Y, Schöpf, Veronika, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Olsson, Shannon B, Gerkin, Richard C, Rohlfs Domínguez, Paloma, Albayay, Javier, Farruggia, Michael C, Bhutani, Surabhi, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W, Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Di Pizio, Antonella, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R, Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang-Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A, Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, Katherine L, Colquitt, Lauren R, Ferdenzi, Camille, Brindha, Evelyn V, Altundag, Aytug, Macchi, Alberto, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Patel, Zara M, Fiorucci, Sébastien, Philpott, Carl M, Smith, Barry C, Lundström, Johan N, Mucignat, Carla, Parker, Jane K, van den Brink, Mirjam, Schmuker, Michael, Fischmeister, Florian Ph S, Heinbockel, Thomas, Shields, Vonnie DC, Faraji, Farhoud, Santamaría, Enrique, Fredborg, William EA, Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K, Jalessi, Maryam, Karni, Noam, D'Errico, Anna, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Pellegrino, Robert, Meyer, Pablo, Huart, Caroline, Chen, Ben, Soler, Graciela M, Alwashahi, Mohammed K, Welge-Lüssen, Antje, Freiherr, Jessica, de Groot, Jasper HB, Klein, Hadar, Okamoto, Masako, Singh, Preet Bano, Hsieh, Julien W, GCCR Group Author, Reed, Danielle R, Hummel, Thomas, Munger, Steven D, Hayes, John E, Parma, Valentina, Parma, Valentina, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G, Niv, Masha Y, Kelly, Christine E, Bakke, Alyssa J, Cooper, Keiland W, Bouysset, Cédric, Pirastu, Nicola, Dibattista, Michele, Kaur, Rishemjit, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Pepino, Marta Y, Schöpf, Veronika, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Olsson, Shannon B, Gerkin, Richard C, Rohlfs Domínguez, Paloma, Albayay, Javier, Farruggia, Michael C, Bhutani, Surabhi, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W, Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Di Pizio, Antonella, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R, Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang-Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A, Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, Katherine L, Colquitt, Lauren R, Ferdenzi, Camille, Brindha, Evelyn V, Altundag, Aytug, Macchi, Alberto, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Patel, Zara M, Fiorucci, Sébastien, Philpott, Carl M, Smith, Barry C, Lundström, Johan N, Mucignat, Carla, Parker, Jane K, van den Brink, Mirjam, Schmuker, Michael, Fischmeister, Florian Ph S, Heinbockel, Thomas, Shields, Vonnie DC, Faraji, Farhoud, Santamaría, Enrique, Fredborg, William EA, Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K, Jalessi, Maryam, Karni, Noam, D'Errico, Anna, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Pellegrino, Robert, Meyer, Pablo, Huart, Caroline, Chen, Ben, Soler, Graciela M, Alwashahi, Mohammed K, Welge-Lüssen, Antje, Freiherr, Jessica, de Groot, Jasper HB, Klein, Hadar, Okamoto, Masako, Singh, Preet Bano, Hsieh, Julien W, GCCR Group Author, Reed, Danielle R, Hummel, Thomas, Munger, Steven D, and Hayes, John E
Abstract: Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments, such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, and generally lacked quantitative measurements. Here, we report the development, implementation, and initial results of a multilingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in 3 distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, and 8 others, aged 19-79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste, and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change ±100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (-79.7 ± 28.7, mean ± standard deviation), taste (-69.0 ± 32.6), and chemesthetic (-37.3 ± 36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell but also affects taste and chemesthesis. The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and the lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus strain 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms.
Published: 2020

23. More Than Smell—COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis

Author: Parma, Valentina, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G., Niv, Masha Y., Kelly, Christine E., Bakke, Alyssa J., Cooper, Keiland W., Bouysset, Cédric, Pirastu, Nicola, Dibattista, Michele, Kaur, Rishemjit, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Pepino, Marta Y., Schöpf, Veronika, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Olsson, Shannon B., Gerkin, Richard C., Dominguez, Paloma Rohlfs, Albayay, Javier, Farruggia, Michael C., Bhutani, Surabhi, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W., Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Di Pizio, Antonella, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R., Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang-Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A., Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, Katherine L., Colquitt, Lauren R., Ferdenzi, Camille, Brindha, Evelyn, Altundag, Aytug, Macchi, Alberto, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Patel, Zara M., Fiorucci, Sébastien, Philpott, Carl M., Smith, Barry C., Lundström, Johan N., Mucignat, Carla, Parker, Jane K., van den Brink, Mirjam, Schmuker, Michael, Fischmeister, Florian Ph S., Heinbockel, Thomas, Shields, Vonnie D. C., Faraji, Farhoud, Santamaria, Enrique, Fredborg, William E. A., Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K., Jalessi, Maryam, Karni, Noam, D'Errico, Anna, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Pellegrino, Robert, Meyer, Pablo, Huart, Caroline, Chen, Ben, Soler, Graciela M., Alwashahi, Mohammed K., Welge-Lüssen, Antje, Freiherr, Jessica, de Groot, Jasper H. B., Klein, Hadar, Okamoto, Masako, Singh, Preet Bano, Hsieh, Julien W., Reed, Danielle R., Hummel, Thomas, Munger, Steven D., Hayes, John E., Parma, Valentina, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G., Niv, Masha Y., Kelly, Christine E., Bakke, Alyssa J., Cooper, Keiland W., Bouysset, Cédric, Pirastu, Nicola, Dibattista, Michele, Kaur, Rishemjit, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Pepino, Marta Y., Schöpf, Veronika, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Olsson, Shannon B., Gerkin, Richard C., Dominguez, Paloma Rohlfs, Albayay, Javier, Farruggia, Michael C., Bhutani, Surabhi, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W., Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Di Pizio, Antonella, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R., Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang-Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A., Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, Katherine L., Colquitt, Lauren R., Ferdenzi, Camille, Brindha, Evelyn, Altundag, Aytug, Macchi, Alberto, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Patel, Zara M., Fiorucci, Sébastien, Philpott, Carl M., Smith, Barry C., Lundström, Johan N., Mucignat, Carla, Parker, Jane K., van den Brink, Mirjam, Schmuker, Michael, Fischmeister, Florian Ph S., Heinbockel, Thomas, Shields, Vonnie D. C., Faraji, Farhoud, Santamaria, Enrique, Fredborg, William E. A., Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K., Jalessi, Maryam, Karni, Noam, D'Errico, Anna, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Pellegrino, Robert, Meyer, Pablo, Huart, Caroline, Chen, Ben, Soler, Graciela M., Alwashahi, Mohammed K., Welge-Lüssen, Antje, Freiherr, Jessica, de Groot, Jasper H. B., Klein, Hadar, Okamoto, Masako, Singh, Preet Bano, Hsieh, Julien W., Reed, Danielle R., Hummel, Thomas, Munger, Steven D., and Hayes, John E.
Abstract: Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments, such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, and generally lacked quantitative measurements. Here, we report the development, implementation, and initial results of a multilingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in 3 distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, and 8 others, aged 19–79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste, and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change ±100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (−79.7 ± 28.7, mean ± standard deviation), taste (−69.0 ± 32.6), and chemesthetic (−37.3 ± 36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell but also affects taste and chemesthesis. The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and the lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus strain 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms.
Published: 2020
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24. Relationship Between Odor Intensity Estimates and COVID-19 Prevalence Prediction in a Swedish Population

Author: Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, Lundström, Johan N., Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, and Lundström, Johan N.
Abstract: In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, countries have implemented various strategies to reduce and slow the spread of the disease in the general population. For countries that have implemented restrictions on its population in a stepwise manner, monitoring of COVID-19 prevalence is of importance to guide the decision on when to impose new, or when to abolish old, restrictions. We are here determining whether measures of odor intensity in a large sample can serve as one such measure. Online measures of how intense common household odors are perceived and symptoms of COVID-19 were collected from 2440 Swedes. Average odor intensity ratings were then compared to predicted COVID-19 population prevalence over time in the Swedish population and were found to closely track each other (r = -0.83). Moreover, we found that there was a large difference in rated intensity between individuals with and without COVID-19 symptoms and the number of symptoms was related to odor intensity ratings. Finally, we found that individuals progressing from reporting no symptoms to subsequently reporting COVID-19 symptoms demonstrated a large drop in olfactory performance. These data suggest that measures of odor intensity, if obtained in a large and representative sample, can be used as an indicator of COVID-19 disease in the general population. Importantly, this simple measure could easily be implemented in countries without widespread access to COVID-19 testing or implemented as a fast early response before widespread testing can be facilitated.
Published: 2020
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25. Neural processing of odor-associated words : an fMRI study in patients with acquired olfactory loss

Author: Han, Pengfei, Croy, Ilona, Raue, Claudia, Bensafi, Moustafa, Larsson, Maria, Cavazzana, Annachiara, Hummel, Thomas, Han, Pengfei, Croy, Ilona, Raue, Claudia, Bensafi, Moustafa, Larsson, Maria, Cavazzana, Annachiara, and Hummel, Thomas
Abstract: Perception of olfactory information is mediated by both bottom-up (from molecules to perception) and top-down (e.g. cross-modal associative learning) processes. Acquired olfactory loss is a frequent disorder which is typically due to alterations in the bottom-up pathway. However, it is unclear how the top-down modulation of olfactory processing is affected by olfactory impairment. Our study aimed to investigate the top-down olfactory processing in patients with acquired olfactory loss and participants with normal olfaction. Using functional MRI, brain responses from 14 patients and 16 healthy controls were assessed during a task of expectation and reading of words with strong olfactory associations (OW) (e.g. “Rose”) and control words with little to no olfactory associations (CW) (e.g. “Door”). The expectation but not reading of the OW was associated with stronger neural activation in the angular gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus extending to insula in the group of patients. During OW reading, the brain activation in the left OFC and right putamen was negatively correlated with odor identification score in patient and control groups, respectively. In addition, the duration of olfactory loss among patients was positively associated with activation in the left putamen during OW expectation. Taken together, these findings suggest an enhanced top-down olfactory modulation in patients with olfactory loss., This study was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG 441/18–1 granted to T.H.) and by the Swedish Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences (M14–0375:1 granted to M. L.).
Published: 2020
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26. Relationship between odor intensity estimates and COVID-19 prevalence prediction in a Swedish population

Author: Leerstoel Smeets, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, Lundström, Johan N., Leerstoel Smeets, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, and Lundström, Johan N.
Published: 2020

27. Erratum: Relationship between odor intensity estimates and COVID-19 prevalence prediction in a Swedish population (Chem. Senses (2020) DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa034)

Author: Leerstoel Smeets, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, Lundström, Johan N., Leerstoel Smeets, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, and Lundström, Johan N.
Published: 2020

28. More Than Smell-COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis.

Author: UCL - SSS/IONS - Institute of NeuroScience, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, Parma, Valentina, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G, Niv, Masha Y, Kelly, Christine E, Bakke, Alyssa J, Cooper, Keiland W, Bouysset, Cédric, Pirastu, Nicola, Dibattista, Michele, Kaur, Rishemjit, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Pepino, Marta Y, Schöpf, Veronika, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Olsson, Shannon B, Gerkin, Richard C, Rohlfs Domínguez, Paloma, Albayay, Javier, Farruggia, Michael C, Bhutani, Surabhi, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W, Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Di Pizio, Antonella, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R, Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang-Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A, Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, Katherine L, Colquitt, Lauren R, Ferdenzi, Camille, Brindha, Evelyn V, Altundag, Aytug, Macchi, Alberto, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Patel, Zara M, Fiorucci, Sébastien, Philpott, Carl M, Smith, Barry C, Lundström, Johan N, Mucignat, Carla, Parker, Jane K, van den Brink, Mirjam, Schmuker, Michael, Fischmeister, Florian Ph S, Heinbockel, Thomas, Shields, Vonnie D C, Faraji, Farhoud, Santamaría, Enrique, Fredborg, William E A, Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K, Jalessi, Maryam, Karni, Noam, D'Errico, Anna, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Pellegrino, Robert, Meyer, Pablo, Huart, Caroline, Chen, Ben, Soler, Graciela M, Alwashahi, Mohammed K, Welge-Lüssen, Antje, Freiherr, Jessica, de Groot, Jasper H B, Klein, Hadar, Okamoto, Masako, Singh, Preet Bano, Hsieh, Julien W, GCCR Group Author, Reed, Danielle R, Hummel, Thomas, Munger, Steven D, Hayes, John E, UCL - SSS/IONS - Institute of NeuroScience, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, Parma, Valentina, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G, Niv, Masha Y, Kelly, Christine E, Bakke, Alyssa J, Cooper, Keiland W, Bouysset, Cédric, Pirastu, Nicola, Dibattista, Michele, Kaur, Rishemjit, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Pepino, Marta Y, Schöpf, Veronika, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Olsson, Shannon B, Gerkin, Richard C, Rohlfs Domínguez, Paloma, Albayay, Javier, Farruggia, Michael C, Bhutani, Surabhi, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W, Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Di Pizio, Antonella, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R, Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang-Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A, Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, Katherine L, Colquitt, Lauren R, Ferdenzi, Camille, Brindha, Evelyn V, Altundag, Aytug, Macchi, Alberto, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Patel, Zara M, Fiorucci, Sébastien, Philpott, Carl M, Smith, Barry C, Lundström, Johan N, Mucignat, Carla, Parker, Jane K, van den Brink, Mirjam, Schmuker, Michael, Fischmeister, Florian Ph S, Heinbockel, Thomas, Shields, Vonnie D C, Faraji, Farhoud, Santamaría, Enrique, Fredborg, William E A, Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K, Jalessi, Maryam, Karni, Noam, D'Errico, Anna, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Pellegrino, Robert, Meyer, Pablo, Huart, Caroline, Chen, Ben, Soler, Graciela M, Alwashahi, Mohammed K, Welge-Lüssen, Antje, Freiherr, Jessica, de Groot, Jasper H B, Klein, Hadar, Okamoto, Masako, Singh, Preet Bano, Hsieh, Julien W, GCCR Group Author, Reed, Danielle R, Hummel, Thomas, Munger, Steven D, and Hayes, John E
Abstract: Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments, such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, and generally lacked quantitative measurements. Here, we report the development, implementation, and initial results of a multilingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in 3 distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, and 8 others, aged 19-79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste, and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change ±100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (-79.7 ± 28.7, mean ± standard deviation), taste (-69.0 ± 32.6), and chemesthetic (-37.3 ± 36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell but also affects taste and chemesthesis. The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and the lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus strain 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms.
Published: 2020

29. More Than Smell-COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis.

Author: Parma, Valentina, Parma, Valentina, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G, Niv, Masha Y, Kelly, Christine E, Bakke, Alyssa J, Cooper, Keiland W, Bouysset, Cédric, Pirastu, Nicola, Dibattista, Michele, Kaur, Rishemjit, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Pepino, Marta Y, Schöpf, Veronika, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Olsson, Shannon B, Gerkin, Richard C, Rohlfs Domínguez, Paloma, Albayay, Javier, Farruggia, Michael C, Bhutani, Surabhi, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W, Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Di Pizio, Antonella, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R, Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang-Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A, Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, Katherine L, Colquitt, Lauren R, Ferdenzi, Camille, Brindha, Evelyn V, Altundag, Aytug, Macchi, Alberto, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Patel, Zara M, Fiorucci, Sébastien, Philpott, Carl M, Smith, Barry C, Lundström, Johan N, Mucignat, Carla, Parker, Jane K, van den Brink, Mirjam, Schmuker, Michael, Fischmeister, Florian Ph S, Heinbockel, Thomas, Shields, Vonnie DC, Faraji, Farhoud, Santamaría, Enrique, Fredborg, William EA, Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K, Jalessi, Maryam, Karni, Noam, D'Errico, Anna, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Pellegrino, Robert, Meyer, Pablo, Huart, Caroline, Chen, Ben, Soler, Graciela M, Alwashahi, Mohammed K, Welge-Lüssen, Antje, Freiherr, Jessica, de Groot, Jasper HB, Klein, Hadar, Okamoto, Masako, Singh, Preet Bano, Hsieh, Julien W, GCCR Group Author, Reed, Danielle R, Hummel, Thomas, Munger, Steven D, Hayes, John E, Parma, Valentina, Parma, Valentina, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G, Niv, Masha Y, Kelly, Christine E, Bakke, Alyssa J, Cooper, Keiland W, Bouysset, Cédric, Pirastu, Nicola, Dibattista, Michele, Kaur, Rishemjit, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Pepino, Marta Y, Schöpf, Veronika, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Olsson, Shannon B, Gerkin, Richard C, Rohlfs Domínguez, Paloma, Albayay, Javier, Farruggia, Michael C, Bhutani, Surabhi, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W, Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Di Pizio, Antonella, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R, Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang-Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A, Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, Katherine L, Colquitt, Lauren R, Ferdenzi, Camille, Brindha, Evelyn V, Altundag, Aytug, Macchi, Alberto, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Patel, Zara M, Fiorucci, Sébastien, Philpott, Carl M, Smith, Barry C, Lundström, Johan N, Mucignat, Carla, Parker, Jane K, van den Brink, Mirjam, Schmuker, Michael, Fischmeister, Florian Ph S, Heinbockel, Thomas, Shields, Vonnie DC, Faraji, Farhoud, Santamaría, Enrique, Fredborg, William EA, Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K, Jalessi, Maryam, Karni, Noam, D'Errico, Anna, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Pellegrino, Robert, Meyer, Pablo, Huart, Caroline, Chen, Ben, Soler, Graciela M, Alwashahi, Mohammed K, Welge-Lüssen, Antje, Freiherr, Jessica, de Groot, Jasper HB, Klein, Hadar, Okamoto, Masako, Singh, Preet Bano, Hsieh, Julien W, GCCR Group Author, Reed, Danielle R, Hummel, Thomas, Munger, Steven D, and Hayes, John E
Abstract: Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments, such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, and generally lacked quantitative measurements. Here, we report the development, implementation, and initial results of a multilingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in 3 distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, and 8 others, aged 19-79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste, and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change ±100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (-79.7 ± 28.7, mean ± standard deviation), taste (-69.0 ± 32.6), and chemesthetic (-37.3 ± 36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell but also affects taste and chemesthesis. The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and the lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus strain 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms.
Published: 2020

30. Erratum: Relationship between odor intensity estimates and COVID-19 prevalence prediction in a Swedish population (Chem. Senses (2020) DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa034)

Author: Leerstoel Smeets, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, Lundström, Johan N., Leerstoel Smeets, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, and Lundström, Johan N.
Published: 2020

31. Relationship between odor intensity estimates and COVID-19 prevalence prediction in a Swedish population

Author: Leerstoel Smeets, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, Lundström, Johan N., Leerstoel Smeets, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, and Lundström, Johan N.
Published: 2020

32. Relationship between odor intensity estimates and COVID-19 prevalence prediction in a Swedish population

Author: Leerstoel Smeets, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, Lundström, Johan N., Leerstoel Smeets, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, and Lundström, Johan N.
Published: 2020

33. Erratum: Relationship between odor intensity estimates and COVID-19 prevalence prediction in a Swedish population (Chem. Senses (2020) DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa034)

Author: Leerstoel Smeets, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, Lundström, Johan N., Leerstoel Smeets, Social-cognitive and interpersonal determinants of behaviour, Iravani, Behzad, Arshamian, Artin, Ravia, Aharon, Mishor, Eva, Snitz, Kobi, Shushan, Sagit, Roth, Yehudah, Perl, Ofer, Honigstein, Danielle, Weissgross, Reut, Karagach, Shiri, Ernst, Gernot, Okamoto, Masako, Mainen, Zachary, Monteleone, Erminio, Dinnella, Caterina, Spinelli, Sara, Mariño-Sánchez, Franklin, Ferdenzi, Camille, Smeets, Monique, Touhara, Kazushige, Bensafi, Moustafa, Hummel, Thomas, Sobel, Noam, and Lundström, Johan N.
Published: 2020

34. More Than Smell-COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis

Author: Parma, Valentina, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G., Niv, Masha Y., Kelly, Christine E., Bakke, Alyssa J., Cooper, Keiland W., Bouysset, Cédric, Pirastu, Nicola, Dibattista, Michele, Kaur, Rishemjit, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Pepino, Marta Y., Schöpf, Veronika, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Olsson, Shannon B., Gerkin, Richard C., Rohlfs Domínguez, Paloma, Albayay, Javier, Farruggia, Michael C., Bhutani, Surabhi, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W., Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Di Pizio, Antonella, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R., Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A., Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, Katherine L., Colquitt, Lauren R., Hayes III, J.E., Parma, Valentina, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G., Niv, Masha Y., Kelly, Christine E., Bakke, Alyssa J., Cooper, Keiland W., Bouysset, Cédric, Pirastu, Nicola, Dibattista, Michele, Kaur, Rishemjit, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Pepino, Marta Y., Schöpf, Veronika, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Olsson, Shannon B., Gerkin, Richard C., Rohlfs Domínguez, Paloma, Albayay, Javier, Farruggia, Michael C., Bhutani, Surabhi, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W., Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Di Pizio, Antonella, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R., Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A., Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, Katherine L., Colquitt, Lauren R., and Hayes III, J.E.
Abstract: Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments, such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, and generally lacked quantitative measurements. Here, we report the development, implementation, and initial results of a multilingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in 3 distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, and 8 others, aged 19-79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste, and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change ±100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (-79.7 ± 28.7, mean ± standard deviation), taste (-69.0 ± 32.6), and chemesthetic (-37.3 ± 36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell but also affects taste and chemesthesis. The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and the lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus strain 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms.
Published: 2020

35. The Human Affectome

Author: Schiller, Daniela, Yu, Alessandra N.C., Alia-Klein, Nelly, Becker, Susanne, Cromwell, Howard C., Dolcos, Florin, Eslinger, Paul J., Frewen, Paul, Kemp, Andrew H., Pace-Schott, Edward F., Raber, Jacob, Silton, Rebecca L., Stefanova, Elka, Williams, Justin H.G., Abe, Nobuhito, Aghajani, Moji, Albrecht, Franziska, Alexander, Rebecca, Anders, Silke, Aragón, Oriana R., Arias, Juan A., Arzy, Shahar, Aue, Tatjana, Baez, Sandra, Balconi, Michela, Ballarini, Tommaso, Bannister, Scott, Banta, Marlissa C., Barrett, Karen Caplovitz, Belzung, Catherine, Bensafi, Moustafa, Booij, Linda, Bookwala, Jamila, Boulanger-Bertolus, Julie, Boutros, Sydney Weber, Bräscher, Anne-Kathrin, Bruno, Antonio, Busatto, Geraldo, Bylsma, Lauren M., Caldwell-Harris, Catherine, Chan, Raymond C.K., Cherbuin, Nicolas, Chiarella, Julian, Cipresso, Pietro, Critchley, Hugo, Croote, Denise E., Demaree, Heath A., Denson, Thomas F., Depue, Brendan, Derntl, Birgit, Dickson, Joanne M., Dolcos, Sanda, Drach-Zahavy, Anat, Dubljević, Olga, Eerola, Tuomas, Ellingsen, Dan-Mikael, Fairfield, Beth, Ferdenzi, Camille, Friedman, Bruce H., Fu, Cynthia H.Y., Gatt, Justine M., deGelder, Beatrice, Gendolla, Guido H.E., Gilam, Gadi, Goldblatt, Hadass, Gooding, Anne Elizabeth Kotynski, Gosseries, Olivia, Hamm, Alfons O., Hanson, Jamie L., Hendler, Talma, Herbert, Cornelia, Hofmann, Stefan G., Ibanez, Agustin, Joffily, Mateus, Jovanovic, Tanja, Kahrilas, Ian J., Kangas, Maria, Katsumi, Yuta, Kensinger, Elizabeth, Kirby, Lauren A.J., Koncz, Rebecca, Koster, Ernst H.W., Kozlowska, Kasia, Krach, Sören, Kret, Mariska E., Krippl, Martin, Kusi-Mensah, Kwabena, Ladouceur, Cecile D., Laureys, Steven, Lawrence, Alistair, Li, Chiang-shan R., Liddell, Belinda J., Lidhar, Navdeep K., Lowry, Christopher A., Magee, Kelsey, Marin, Marie-France, Mariotti, Veronica, Martin, Loren J., Marusak, Hilary A., Mayer, Annalina V., Merner, Amanda R., Minnier, Jessica, Moll, Jorge, Morrison, Robert G., Moore, Matthew, Mouly, Anne-Marie, Mueller, Sven C., Mühlberger, Andreas, Murphy, Nora A., Muscatello, Maria Rosaria Anna, Musser, Erica D., Newton, Tamara L., Noll-Hussong, Michael, Norrholm, Seth Davin, Northoff, Georg, Nusslock, Robin, Okon-Singer, Hadas, Olino, Thomas M., Ortner, Catherine, Owolabi, Mayowa, Padulo, Caterina, Palermo, Romina, Palumbo, Rocco, Palumbo, Sara, Papadelis, Christos, Pegna, Alan J., Pellegrini, Silvia, Peltonen, Kirsi, Penninx, Brenda W.J.H., Pietrini, Pietro, Pinna, Graziano, Lobo, Rosario Pintos, Polnaszek, Kelly L., Polyakova, Maryna, Rabinak, Christine, HeleneRichter, S., Richter, Thalia, Riva, Giuseppe, Rizzo, Amelia, Robinson, Jennifer L., Rosa, Pedro, Sachdev, Perminder S., Sato, Wataru, Schroeter, Matthias L., Schweizer, Susanne, Shiban, Youssef, Siddharthan, Advaith, Siedlecka, Ewa, Smith, Robert C., Soreq, Hermona, Spangler, Derek P., Stern, Emily R., Styliadis, Charis, Sullivan, Gavin B., Swain, James E., Urben, Sébastien, Van den Stock, Jan, vander Kooij, Michael A., van Overveld, Mark, Van Rheenen, Tamsyn E., VanElzakker, Michael B., Ventura-Bort, Carlos, Verona, Edelyn, Volk, Tyler, Wang, Yi, Weingast, Leah T., Weymar, Mathias, Williams, Claire, Willis, Megan L., Yamashita, Paula, Zahn, Roland, Zupan, Barbra, Lowe, Leroy, Gabriela, Gan, Charlotte F, Huggins, Leonie, Loeffler, Schiller, Daniela, Yu, Alessandra N.C., Alia-Klein, Nelly, Becker, Susanne, Cromwell, Howard C., Dolcos, Florin, Eslinger, Paul J., Frewen, Paul, Kemp, Andrew H., Pace-Schott, Edward F., Raber, Jacob, Silton, Rebecca L., Stefanova, Elka, Williams, Justin H.G., Abe, Nobuhito, Aghajani, Moji, Albrecht, Franziska, Alexander, Rebecca, Anders, Silke, Aragón, Oriana R., Arias, Juan A., Arzy, Shahar, Aue, Tatjana, Baez, Sandra, Balconi, Michela, Ballarini, Tommaso, Bannister, Scott, Banta, Marlissa C., Barrett, Karen Caplovitz, Belzung, Catherine, Bensafi, Moustafa, Booij, Linda, Bookwala, Jamila, Boulanger-Bertolus, Julie, Boutros, Sydney Weber, Bräscher, Anne-Kathrin, Bruno, Antonio, Busatto, Geraldo, Bylsma, Lauren M., Caldwell-Harris, Catherine, Chan, Raymond C.K., Cherbuin, Nicolas, Chiarella, Julian, Cipresso, Pietro, Critchley, Hugo, Croote, Denise E., Demaree, Heath A., Denson, Thomas F., Depue, Brendan, Derntl, Birgit, Dickson, Joanne M., Dolcos, Sanda, Drach-Zahavy, Anat, Dubljević, Olga, Eerola, Tuomas, Ellingsen, Dan-Mikael, Fairfield, Beth, Ferdenzi, Camille, Friedman, Bruce H., Fu, Cynthia H.Y., Gatt, Justine M., deGelder, Beatrice, Gendolla, Guido H.E., Gilam, Gadi, Goldblatt, Hadass, Gooding, Anne Elizabeth Kotynski, Gosseries, Olivia, Hamm, Alfons O., Hanson, Jamie L., Hendler, Talma, Herbert, Cornelia, Hofmann, Stefan G., Ibanez, Agustin, Joffily, Mateus, Jovanovic, Tanja, Kahrilas, Ian J., Kangas, Maria, Katsumi, Yuta, Kensinger, Elizabeth, Kirby, Lauren A.J., Koncz, Rebecca, Koster, Ernst H.W., Kozlowska, Kasia, Krach, Sören, Kret, Mariska E., Krippl, Martin, Kusi-Mensah, Kwabena, Ladouceur, Cecile D., Laureys, Steven, Lawrence, Alistair, Li, Chiang-shan R., Liddell, Belinda J., Lidhar, Navdeep K., Lowry, Christopher A., Magee, Kelsey, Marin, Marie-France, Mariotti, Veronica, Martin, Loren J., Marusak, Hilary A., Mayer, Annalina V., Merner, Amanda R., Minnier, Jessica, Moll, Jorge, Morrison, Robert G., Moore, Matthew, Mouly, Anne-Marie, Mueller, Sven C., Mühlberger, Andreas, Murphy, Nora A., Muscatello, Maria Rosaria Anna, Musser, Erica D., Newton, Tamara L., Noll-Hussong, Michael, Norrholm, Seth Davin, Northoff, Georg, Nusslock, Robin, Okon-Singer, Hadas, Olino, Thomas M., Ortner, Catherine, Owolabi, Mayowa, Padulo, Caterina, Palermo, Romina, Palumbo, Rocco, Palumbo, Sara, Papadelis, Christos, Pegna, Alan J., Pellegrini, Silvia, Peltonen, Kirsi, Penninx, Brenda W.J.H., Pietrini, Pietro, Pinna, Graziano, Lobo, Rosario Pintos, Polnaszek, Kelly L., Polyakova, Maryna, Rabinak, Christine, HeleneRichter, S., Richter, Thalia, Riva, Giuseppe, Rizzo, Amelia, Robinson, Jennifer L., Rosa, Pedro, Sachdev, Perminder S., Sato, Wataru, Schroeter, Matthias L., Schweizer, Susanne, Shiban, Youssef, Siddharthan, Advaith, Siedlecka, Ewa, Smith, Robert C., Soreq, Hermona, Spangler, Derek P., Stern, Emily R., Styliadis, Charis, Sullivan, Gavin B., Swain, James E., Urben, Sébastien, Van den Stock, Jan, vander Kooij, Michael A., van Overveld, Mark, Van Rheenen, Tamsyn E., VanElzakker, Michael B., Ventura-Bort, Carlos, Verona, Edelyn, Volk, Tyler, Wang, Yi, Weingast, Leah T., Weymar, Mathias, Williams, Claire, Willis, Megan L., Yamashita, Paula, Zahn, Roland, Zupan, Barbra, Lowe, Leroy, Gabriela, Gan, Charlotte F, Huggins, and Leonie, Loeffler
Abstract: Over the last decades, the interdisciplinary field of the affective sciences has seen proliferation rather than integration of theoretical perspectives. This is due to differences in metaphysical and mechanistic assumptions about human affective phenomena (what they are and how they work) which, shaped by academic motivations and values, have determined the affective constructs and operationalizations. An assumption on the purpose of affective phenomena can be used as a teleological principle to guide the construction of a common set of metaphysical and mechanistic assumptions—a framework for human affective research. In this capstone paper for the special issue “Towards an Integrated Understanding of the Human Affectome”, we gather the tiered purpose of human affective phenomena to synthesize assumptions that account for human affective phenomena collectively. This teleologically-grounded framework offers a principled agenda and launchpad for both organizing existing perspectives and generating new ones. Ultimately, we hope Human Affectome brings us a step closer to not only an integrated understanding of human affective phenomena, but an integrated field for affective research.

36. Odor Perception in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and its Relationship to Food Neophobia

Author: Luisier, Anne-Claude, Petitpierre, Geneviève, Ferdenzi, Camille, Clerc Bérod, Annick, Giboreau, Agnes, Rouby, Catherine, Bensafi, Moustafa, Luisier, Anne-Claude, Petitpierre, Geneviève, Ferdenzi, Camille, Clerc Bérod, Annick, Giboreau, Agnes, Rouby, Catherine, and Bensafi, Moustafa
Abstract: Atypical sensory functioning in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been well documented in the last decade for the visual, tactile and auditory systems, but olfaction in ASD is still understudied. The aim of the present study was to examine whether children with ASD and neuro-typically (NT) developed children differed in odor perception, at the cognitive (familiarity and identification ability), sensorimotor (olfactory exploration) and affective levels (hedonic evaluation). Because an important function of the sense of smell is its involvement in eating, from food selection to appreciation and recognition, a potential link between odor perception and food neophobia was also investigated. To these ends, 10 children between 6 and 13 years old diagnosed with ASD and 10 NT control children were tested. To compare performance, 16 stimuli were used and food neophobia was assessed by the parents on a short food neophobia scale. Results revealed that (i) hedonic discrimination between attractive and aversive odors was more significant in NT (p=0.005) than ASD children (p=0.05), and (ii) hedonic discrimination level was negatively correlated with food neophobia scores in ASD (p=0.006) but not NT children. In conclusion, this study offers new insights into odor perception in ASD children, highlighting a relationship between odor hedonic reactivity and eating behavior. This opens up new perspectives on both (i) the role of olfaction in the construction of eating behavior in ASD children, and (ii) the measurement and meaning of food neophobia in this population.

37. Eating behavior in autism: senses as a window towards food acceptance

Author: Petitpierre, Geneviève, Luisier, Anne-Claude, Bensafi, Moustafa, Petitpierre, Geneviève, Luisier, Anne-Claude, and Bensafi, Moustafa
Abstract: Atypical eating behaviors are common in autism. This article sheds light on the role of sensory processing on food acceptance and selectivity in autism. The role of the senses in eating behavior is described, suggesting that changes in liking to food sensory stimuli in autism occur and are linked to food neophobia. Interventions addressing sensory processes to improve eating behavior through familiarization are presented and discussed. Their results suggest that, in addition to other factors such as a social context, following a progression from unimodal to multimodal stimuli, the support of the child as an agent, and finally paying attention to the child's own rhythm, sensory familiarization may change food acceptance in autism.

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