Author: "Aslani, A" / Publication Type: Electronic Resources - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

560 results on '"Aslani, A"'

1. Lighting design principles for placemaking in historic sites

Author: Aslani, Shahabedin Zeini and Innes, Malcolm
Abstract: This thesis identifies the various interrelated areas needed in the research and preparation of lighting design schemes for historic sites as facilitators for placemaking processes. In doing so, it firstly focuses upon placemaking as an influential process in enriching urban spaces. Ball (2014) identifies the international nature of placemaking which he views as the "process of activating new or existing public spaces to create that emotional connection". He explains that placemaking is understood as taking diverse forms that enable public spaces to function through design, programming, community empowerment, wayfinding, art, and whatever the needs of that particular community include. This thesis studies the different definition of placemaking through secondary research, and finally introduces a comprehensive definition of placemaking based on the finding in respect to lighting design as part of its contribution to knowledge. The thesis argues that historic sites should be seen as important infrastructures for placemaking in urban spaces. By linking the requirements of such sites and considering placemaking process obligations, the thesis develops lighting design principles for historic sites through the placemaking process. The design principles proposed in the thesis are supported by two case studies of UNESCO registered world heritage sites; the first is a best practice case study in lighting design while the second is significant in relation to its public lighting. Using ethnography research methods through observation, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, the research identifies relevant experiences and opinions of local stakeholders, lighting designers and heritage experts. The data was then interpreted through thematic analysis which resulted to the presentation of the following arguments: Firstly, it argues that lighting in historic sites is an effective design feature which can successfully support placemaking goals. Secondly, according to this, it presents the historic site-specific aspects which deal with the authenticity of the site and the management factors, as well as people's vital role which generates from placemaking as essential considerations. thirdly, it suggests lighting design considerations and characteristics that need to be taken into account as essential aspects in historic sites through placemaking process. Together, these recommendations provide the basis of lighting design principles for historic sites through placemaking. This evolutionary focus is intended to guide lighting designers to produce informed design decisions for historic sites and policy makers in heritage sites to develop lighting design regulation for such setting which will result in reaching successful placemaking processes.
Published: 2022
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2. Hashtags and trade mark law : a comparative and doctrinal study of Germany and the United States of America

Author: Aslani, Nazanin, Lauriat, Barbara Annabelle Casey, and Aplin, Tanya Frances
Abstract: Hashtags have become a highly visible part of online culture, and their application spans from simple, everyday conversational tweets to important political commentary and mobilisers of social change (e.g., #blacklivesmatter or #metoo). Over the last few years, businesses have increasingly started to use trade marks as hashtags and to protect hashtag trade marks themselves. This thesis examines the social media phenomenon of hashtags, and addresses the need to calibrate the legal protection of these versatile and powerful communicative and organisational tools. This comparative study evaluates whether existing approaches in major common law (primarily US) and civil law (primarily Germany/EU) trade mark and unfair competition regimes strike an appropriate balance between protection of hashtags and other important values such as freedom of expression, free competition, and questions of Internet regulation/deregulation. As the first international and comparative legal analysis of the issue, this research also provides an original contribution to existing scholarship by placing hashtags within a broader context of the historical development of social media practices and linguistics. In doing so, it creates a new taxonomy of hashtags, which emphasises engaging in a deeper inquiry of their function rather than a superficial awareness of their commercial value and role in social movements. Understanding the communicative, expressive, and organisational - and often overlapping - functions of hashtags allows for a clearer perspective on how to balance their protection against other competing values. Unfortunately, hashtags have been largely mischaracterised by courts and trade mark registries alike; contradictory outcomes illustrate their struggle to comprehend and keep up with technology-enhanced communications in both commercial and social contexts. Furthermore, the functionality issues of hashtags are often completely ignored, despite the potentially profound anti-competitive effects of this oversight. An un-nuanced approach to the protection and propertisation of such important digital tools could have negative social and economic effects. When registration is allowed to include different varieties of non-traditional marks - which do not primarily indicate source - and a showing of secondary meaning is not generally required, as it is in the case of hashtags, focus ought to shift to infringement and fair use as 'controllers' in order to maintain balance within the protection regime. As recent US jurisprudence indicates that expressive, referential hashtag use is not nominative fair use, a re-thinking of policies is necessary. Raising the bar on acquisition of hashtag mark protection and establishing strong fair use defences protecting other's access to them, are solutions worth considering because most reproductions of most hashtags online do not create realistic risks of confusing consumers. Overprotection of hashtags would burden the legal system and economic efficiency, ultimately harming both consumers and market participants and depleting the public domain without any persuasive justification.
Published: 2022

3. Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author: Naghavi, M, Ong, K, Aali, A, Ababneh, H, Abate, Y, Abbafati, C, Abbasgholizadeh, R, Abbasian, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbastabar, H, Abd ElHafeez, S, Abdelmasseh, M, Abd-Elsalam, S, Abdelwahab, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahifar, M, Abdoun, M, Abdulah, D, Abdullahi, A, Abebe, M, Abebe, S, Abedi, A, Abegaz, K, Abhilash, E, Abidi, H, Abiodun, O, Aboagye, R, Abolhassani, H, Abolmaali, M, Abouzid, M, Aboye, G, Abreu, L, Abrha, W, Abtahi, D, Abu Rumeileh, S, Abualruz, H, Abubakar, B, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abu-Rmeileh, N, Aburuz, S, Abu-Zaid, A, Accrombessi, M, Adal, T, Adamu, A, Addo, I, Addolorato, G, Adebiyi, A, Adekanmbi, V, Adepoju, A, Adetunji, C, Adetunji, J, Adeyeoluwa, T, Adeyinka, D, Adeyomoye, O, Admass, B, Adnani, Q, Adra, S, Afolabi, A, Afzal, M, Afzal, S, Agampodi, S, Agasthi, P, Aggarwal, M, Aghamiri, S, Agide, F, Agodi, A, Agrawal, A, Agyemang-Duah, W, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, D, Ahmad, F, Ahmad, M, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadzade, A, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, L, Ahmed, M, Ahmed, S, Ajami, M, Aji, B, Akara, E, Akbarialiabad, H, Akinosoglou, K, Akinyemiju, T, Akkaif, M, Akyirem, S, Al Hamad, H, Al Hasan, S, Alahdab, F, Alalalmeh, S, Alalwan, T, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, M, Alam, N, Al-amer, R, Alanezi, F, Alanzi, T, Al-Azzam, S, Albakri, A, Albashtawy, M, Albataineh, M, Alcalde-Rabanal, J, Aldawsari, K, Aldhaleei, W, Aldridge, R, Alema, H, Alemayohu, M, Alemi, S, Alemu, Y, Al-Gheethi, A, Alhabib, K, Alhalaiqa, F, Al-Hanawi, M, Ali, A, Ali, L, Ali, M, Ali, R, Ali, S, Alicandro, G, Alif, S, Alikhani, R, Alimohamadi, Y, Aliyi, A, Aljasir, M, Aljunid, S, Alla, F, Allebeck, P, Al-Marwani, S, Al-Maweri, S, Almazan, J, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Almidani, L, Almidani, O, Alomari, M, Al-Omari, B, Alonso, J, Alqahtani, J, Alqalyoobi, S, Alqutaibi, A, Al-Sabah, S, Altaany, Z, Altaf, A, Al-Tawfiq, J, Altirkawi, K, Aluh, D, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alwafi, H, Al-Worafi, Y, Aly, H, Aly, S, Alzoubi, K, Amani, R, Amare, A, Amegbor, P, Ameyaw, E, Amin, T, Amindarolzarbi, A, 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R, Baig, A, Baker, J, Bako, A, Bakshi, R, Balakrishnan, S, Balasubramanian, M, Baltatu, O, Bam, K, Banach, M, Bandyopadhyay, S, Banik, P, Bansal, H, Bansal, K, Barbic, F, Barchitta, M, Bardhan, M, Bardideh, E, Barker-Collo, S, Bärnighausen, T, Barone-Adesi, F, Barqawi, H, Barrero, L, Barrow, A, Barteit, S, Barua, L, Basharat, Z, Bashiri, A, Basiru, A, Baskaran, P, Basnyat, B, Bassat, Q, Basso, J, Basting, A, Basu, S, Batra, K, Baune, B, Bayati, M, Bayileyegn, N, Beaney, T, Bedi, N, Beghi, M, Behboudi, E, Behera, P, Behnoush, A, Behzadifar, M, Beiranvand, M, Bejarano Ramirez, D, Béjot, Y, Belay, S, Belete, C, Bell, M, Bello, M, Bello, O, Belo, L, Beloukas, A, Bender, R, Bensenor, I, Beran, A, Berezvai, Z, Berhie, A, Berice, B, Bernstein, R, Bertolacci, G, Bettencourt, P, Beyene, K, Bhagat, D, Bhagavathula, A, Bhala, N, Bhalla, A, Bhandari, D, Bhangdia, K, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhargava, A, Bhaskar, S, Bhat, V, Bhatti, G, Bhatti, J, Bhatti, M, Bhatti, R, Bhutta, Z, Bikbov, B, Bishai, J, Bisignano, C, Bisulli, F, Biswas, A, Biswas, B, Bitaraf, S, Bitew, B, Bitra, V, Bjørge, T, Boachie, M, Boampong, M, Bobirca, A, Bodolica, V, Bodunrin, A, Bogale, E, Bogale, K, Bohlouli, S, Bolarinwa, O, Boloor, A, Bonakdar Hashemi, M, Bonny, A, Bora, K, Bora Basara, B, Borhany, H, Borzutzky, A, Bouaoud, S, Boustany, A, Boxe, C, Boyko, E, Brady, O, Braithwaite, D, Brant, L, Brauer, M, Brazinova, A, Brazo-Sayavera, J, Breitborde, N, Breitner, S, Brenner, H, Briko, A, Briko, N, Britton, G, Brown, J, Brugha, T, Bulamu, N, Bulto, L, Buonsenso, D, Burns, R, Busse, R, Bustanji, Y, Butt, N, Butt, Z, Caetano dos Santos, F, Calina, D, Cámera, L, Campos, L, Campos-Nonato, I, Cao, C, Cao, Y, Capodici, A, Cárdenas, R, Carr, S, Carreras, G, Carrero, J, Carugno, A, Carvalheiro, C, Carvalho, F, Carvalho, M, Castaldelli-Maia, J, Castañeda-Orjuela, C, Castelpietra, G, Catalá-López, F, Catapano, A, Cattaruzza, M, Cederroth, C, Cegolon, L, Cembranel, F, Cenderadewi, M, Cercy, K, Cerin, E, Cevik, M, Chadwick, J, Chahine, Y, Chakraborty, C, Chakraborty, P, Chan, J, Chan, R, Chandika, R, Chandrasekar, E, Chang, C, Chang, J, Chanie, G, Charalampous, P, Chattu, V, Chaturvedi, P, Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou, V, Chaurasia, A, Chen, A, Chen, C, Chen, H, Chen, M, Chen, S, Cheng, C, Cheng, E, Cherbuin, N, Cheru, W, Chien, J, Chimed-Ochir, O, Chimoriya, R, Ching, P, Chirinos-Caceres, J, Chitheer, A, Cho, W, Chong, B, Chopra, H, Choudhari, S, Chowdhury, R, Christopher, D, Chukwu, I, Chung, E, Chung, S, Chutiyami, M, Cindi, Z, Cioffi, I, Claassens, M, Claro, R, Coberly, K, Cogen, R, Columbus, A, Comfort, H, Conde, J, Cortese, S, Cortesi, P, Costa, V, Costanzo, S, Cousin, E, Couto, R, Cowden, R, Cramer, K, Criqui, M, Cruz-Martins, N, Cuadra-Hernández, S, Culbreth, G, Cullen, P, Cunningham, M, Curado, M, Dadana, S, Dadras, O, Dai, S, Dai, X, Dai, Z, Dalli, L, Damiani, G, Darega Gela, J, Das, J, Das, S, Dascalu, A, Dash, N, Dashti, M, Dastiridou, A, Davey, G, Dávila-Cervantes, C, Davis Weaver, N, Davletov, K, De Leo, D, de Luca, K, Debele, A, Debopadhaya, S, Degenhardt, L, Dehghan, A, Deitesfeld, L, Del Bo', C, Delgado-Enciso, I, Demessa, B, Demetriades, A, Deng, K, Deng, X, Denova-Gutiérrez, E, Deravi, N, Dereje, N, Dervenis, N, Dervišević, E, Des Jarlais, D, Desai, H, Desai, R, Devanbu, V, Dewan, S, Dhali, A, Dhama, K, Dhimal, M, Dhingra, S, Dhulipala, V, Dias da Silva, D, Diaz, D, Diaz, M, Dima, A, Ding, D, Ding, H, Dinis-Oliveira, R, Dirac, M, Djalalinia, S, Do, T, do Prado, C, Doaei, S, Dodangeh, M, Dohare, S, Dokova, K, Dolecek, C, Dominguez, R, Dong, W, Dongarwar, D, D'Oria, M, Dorostkar, F, Dorsey, E, dos Santos, W, Doshi, R, Doshmangir, L, Dowou, R, Driscoll, T, Dsouza, H, Dsouza, V, Du, M, Dube, J, Duncan, B, Duraes, A, Duraisamy, S, Durojaiye, O, Dwyer-Lindgren, L, Dzianach, P, Dziedzic, A, E'Mar, A, Eboreime, E, Ebrahimi, A, Echieh, C, Edinur, H, Edvardsson, D, Edvardsson, K, Efendi, D, Efendi, F, Effendi, D, Eikemo, T, Eini, E, Ekholuenetale, M, Ekundayo, T, El Sayed, I, Elbarazi, I, Elema, T, Elemam, N, Elgar, F, Elgendy, I, Elgohary, G, Elhabashy, H, Elhadi, M, El-Huneidi, W, Elilo, L, Elmeligy, O, Elmonem, M, Elshaer, M, Elsohaby, I, Emeto, T, Engelbert Bain, L, Erkhembayar, R, Esezobor, C, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Espinosa-Montero, J, Esubalew, H, Etaee, F, Fabin, N, Fadaka, A, Fagbamigbe, A, Fahim, A, Fahimi, S, Fakhri-Demeshghieh, A, Falzone, L, Fareed, M, Farinha, C, Faris, M, Faris, P, Faro, A, Fasanmi, A, Fatehizadeh, A, Fattahi, H, Fauk, N, Fazeli, P, Feigin, V, Feizkhah, A, Fekadu, G, Feng, X, Fereshtehnejad, S, Feroze, A, Ferrante, D, Ferrari, A, Ferreira, N, Fetensa, G, Feyisa, B, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flavel, J, Flood, D, Florin, B, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Fomenkov, A, Foroutan, B, Foroutan, M, Forthun, I, Fortuna, D, Foschi, M, Fowobaje, K, Francis, K, Franklin, R, Freitas, A, Friedman, J, Friedman, S, Fukumoto, T, Fuller, J, Fux, B, Gaal, P, Gadanya, M, Gaidhane, A, Gaihre, S, Gakidou, E, Galali, Y, Galles, N, Gallus, S, Ganbat, M, Gandhi, A, Ganesan, B, Ganiyani, M, Garcia-Gordillo, M, Gardner, W, Garg, J, Garg, N, Gautam, R, Gbadamosi, S, Gebi, T, Gebregergis, M, Gebrehiwot, M, Gebremeskel, T, Georgescu, S, Getachew, T, Gething, P, Getie, M, Ghadiri, K, Ghahramani, S, Ghailan, K, Ghasemi, M, Ghasempour Dabaghi, G, Ghasemzadeh, A, Ghashghaee, A, Ghassemi, F, Ghazy, R, Ghimire, A, Ghoba, S, Gholamalizadeh, M, Gholamian, A, Gholamrezanezhad, A, Gholizadeh, N, Ghorbani, M, Ghorbani Vajargah, P, Ghoshal, A, Gill, P, Gill, T, Gillum, R, Ginindza, T, Girmay, A, Glasbey, J, Gnedovskaya, E, Göbölös, L, Godinho, M, Goel, A, Golchin, A, Goldust, M, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Gomes, N, Gona, P, Gopalani, S, Gorini, G, Goudarzi, H, Goulart, A, Goulart, B, Goyal, A, Grada, A, Graham, S, Grivna, M, Grosso, G, Guan, S, Guarducci, G, Gubari, M, Gudeta, M, Guha, A, Guicciardi, S, Guimarães, R, Gulati, S, Gunawardane, D, Gunturu, S, Guo, C, Gupta, A, Gupta, B, Gupta, M, Gupta, R, Gupta, S, Gupta, V, Gurmessa, L, Gutiérrez, R, Habibzadeh, F, Habibzadeh, P, Haddadi, R, Hadei, M, Hadi, N, Haep, N, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hailu, A, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Halboub, E, Hall, B, Haller, S, Halwani, R, Hamadeh, R, Hameed, S, Hamidi, S, Hamilton, E, Han, C, Han, Q, Hanif, A, Hanifi, N, Hankey, G, Hanna, F, Hannan, M, Haque, M, Harapan, H, Hargono, A, Haro, J, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, I, Hasan, M, Hasani, H, Hasanian, M, Hashi, A, Hasnain, M, Hassan, I, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Haubold, J, Havmoeller, R, Hay, S, He, J, Hebert, J, Hegazi, O, Heidari, G, Heidari, M, Heidari-Foroozan, M, Helfer, B, Hendrie, D, Herrera-Serna, B, Herteliu, C, Hesami, H, Hezam, K, Hill, C, Hiraike, Y, Holla, R, Horita, N, Hossain, M, Hossain, S, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, H, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hosseinzadeh Adli, A, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Hsairi, M, Hsieh, V, Hsu, R, Hu, C, Huang, J, Hultström, M, Humayun, A, Hundie, T, Hussain, J, Hussain, M, Hussein, N, Hussien, F, Huynh, H, Hwang, B, Ibitoye, S, Ibrahim, K, Iftikhar, P, Ijo, D, Ikiroma, A, Ikuta, K, Ikwegbue, P, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Imam, M, Immurana, M, Inamdar, S, Indriasih, E, Iqhrammullah, M, Iradukunda, A, Iregbu, K, Islam, M, Islam, S, Islami, F, Ismail, F, Ismail, N, Iso, H, Isola, G, Iwagami, M, Iwu, C, Iyamu, I, Iyer, M, J, L, Jaafari, J, Jacob, L, Jacobsen, K, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Jafarinia, M, Jafarzadeh, A, Jaggi, K, Jahankhani, K, Jahanmehr, N, Jahrami, H, Jain, N, Jairoun, A, Jaiswal, A, Jamshidi, E, Janko, M, Jatau, A, Javadov, S, Javaheri, T, Jayapal, S, Jayaram, S, Jebai, R, Jee, S, Jeganathan, J, Jha, A, Jha, R, Jiang, H, Jin, Y, Johnson, O, Jokar, M, Jonas, J, Joo, T, Joseph, A, Joseph, N, Joshua, C, Joshy, G, Jozwiak, J, Jürisson, M, K, V, Kaambwa, B, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kadashetti, V, Kadir, D, Kalani, R, Kalankesh, L, Kaliyadan, F, Kalra, S, Kamal, V, Kamarajah, S, Kamath, R, Kamiab, Z, Kamyari, N, Kanagasabai, T, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Kanmanthareddy, A, Kanmiki, E, Kanmodi, K, Kannan S, S, Kansal, S, Kantar, R, Kapoor, N, Karajizadeh, M, Karanth, S, Karasneh, R, Karaye, I, Karch, A, Karim, A, Karimi, S, Karimi Behnagh, A, Kashoo, F, Kasnazani, Q, Kasraei, H, Kassebaum, N, Kassel, M, Kauppila, J, Kaur, N, Kawakami, N, Kayode, G, Kazemi, F, Kazemian, S, Kazmi, T, Kebebew, G, Kebede, A, Kebede, F, Keflie, T, Keiyoro, P, Keller, C, Kelly, J, Kempen, J, Kerr, J, Kesse-Guyot, E, Khajuria, H, Khalaji, A, Khalid, N, Khalil, A, Khalilian, A, Khamesipour, F, Khan, A, Khan, G, Khan, I, Khan, M, Khan, Z, Khan suheb, M, Khanmohammadi, S, Khatab, K, Khatami, F, Khatatbeh, H, Khatatbeh, M, Khavandegar, A, Khayat Kashani, H, Khidri, F, Khodadoust, E, Khorgamphar, M, Khormali, M, Khorrami, Z, Khosravi, A, Khosravi, M, Kifle, Z, Kim, G, Kim, J, Kim, K, Kim, M, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kinzel, K, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Klu, D, Knudsen, A, Kocarnik, J, Kochhar, S, Kocsis, T, Koh, D, Kolahi, A, Kolves, K, Kompani, F, Koren, G, Kosen, S, Kostev, K, Koul, P, Koulmane Laxminarayana, S, Krishan, K, Krishna, H, Krishna, V, 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McKowen, Anna Laura W, McLaughlin, Susan A, McPhail, Steven M, Mechili, Enkeleint A, Medina, John Robert Carabeo, Mediratta, Rishi P, Meena, Jitendra Kumar, Mehra, Rahul, Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Kamran, Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar, Mekene Meto, Tesfahun, Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael, Mendez-Lopez, Max Alberto Mendez, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mengist, Belayneh, Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A, Meo, Sultan Ayoub, Meresa, Haftu Asmerom, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mersha, Abera M, Mesfin, Bezawit Afework, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Mettananda, Kukulege Chamila Dinushi, Mettananda, Sachith, Meylakhs, Peter, Mhlanga, Adquate, Mhlanga, Laurette, Mi, Tianyue, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Micha, Georgia, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Minh, Le Huu Nhat, Mini, GK, Mir Mohammad Sadeghi, Pouya, Mirica, Andreea, Mirijello, Antonio, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mirutse, Mizan Kiros, Mirzaei, Maryam, Misganaw, Awoke, Mishra, Ashim, Misra, Sanjeev, Mitchell, Philip B, Mithra, Prasanna, Mittal, Chaitanya, Mobayen, Mohammadreza, Moberg, Madeline E, Mohamadkhani, Ashraf, Mohamed, Jama, Mohamed, Mouhand F H, Mohamed, Nouh Saad, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, Sakineh, Mohammadi, Soheil, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammed, Hassen, Mohammed, Hussen, Mohammed, Mustapha, Mohammed, Salahuddin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mojiri-Forushani, Hoda, Mokari, Amin, Mokdad, Ali H, Molinaro, Sabrina, Molokhia, Mariam, Momtazmanesh, Sara, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mondello, Stefania, Moni, Mohammad Ali, Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli, Moradi, Maryam, Moradi, Yousef, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradzadeh, Maliheh, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Moreira, Rafael Silveira, Morovatdar, Negar, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Morze, Jakub, Mosser, Jonathan F, Motappa, Rohith, Mougin, Vincent, Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Parsa, Mousavi, Seyed Ehsan, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, Mpolya, Emmanuel A, Mrejen, Matías, Mubarik, Sumaira, Muccioli, Lorenzo, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Mughal, Faraz, Mukherjee, Sumoni, Mulita, Francesk, Munjal, Kavita, Murillo-Zamora, Efrén, Musaigwa, Fungai, Musallam, Khaled M, Mustafa, Ahmad, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Muthusamy, Raman, Muzaffar, Muhammad, Myung, Woojae, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Pirouz, Naheed, Aliya, Naik, Ganesh R, Naik, Gurudatta, Nainu, Firzan, Nair, Sanjeev, Najmuldeen, Hastyar Hama Rashid, Nakhostin Ansari, Noureddin, Nangia, Vinay, Naqvi, Atta Abbas, Narasimha Swamy, Sreenivas, Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod, Nargus, Shumaila, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Nascimento, Gustavo G, Nasehi, Samar, Nashwan, Abdulqadir J, Natto, Zuhair S, Nauman, Javaid, Naveed, Muhammad, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Nayak, Vinod C, Nazri-Panjaki, Athare, Ndejjo, Rawlance, Nduaguba, Sabina Onyinye, Negash, Hadush, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Negru, Serban Mircea, Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria, Nejjari, Chakib, Nena, Evangelia, Nepal, Samata, Ng, Marie, Nggada, Haruna Asura, Nguefack-Tsague, Georges, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Anh Hoang, Nguyen, Dang H, Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien, Nguyen, Phat Tuan, Nguyen, Van Thanh, Niazi, Robina Khan, Nielsen, Katie R, Nigatu, Yeshambel T, Nikolouzakis, Taxiarchis Konstantinos, Nikoobar, Ali, Nikoomanesh, Fatemeh, Nikpoor, Amin Reza, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, Nnyanzi, Lawrence Achilles, Noman, Efaq Ali, Nomura, Shuhei, Noreen, Mamoona, Noroozi, Nafise, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Novotney, Amanda, Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi, Ntaios, George, Ntsekhe, Mpiko, Nuñez-Samudio, Virginia, Nurrika, Dieta, Nutor, Jerry John, Oancea, Bogdan, Obamiro, Kehinde O, Oboh, Mary Aigbiremo, Odetokun, Ismail A, Odogwu, Nkechi Martina, O'Donnell, Martin James, Oduro, Michael Safo, Ofakunrin, Akinyemi O D, Ogunkoya, Abiola, Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru, Oh, In-Hwan, Okati-Aliabad, Hassan, Okeke, Sylvester Reuben, Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul, Okonji, Osaretin Christabel, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olaiya, Muideen Tunbosun, Olatubi, Matthew Idowu, Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Moraes, Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Oluwafemi, Yinka Doris, Omar, Hany A, Omar Bali, Ahmed, Omer, Goran Latif, Ondayo, Maureene Auma, Ong, Sokking, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Onyedibe, Kenneth Ikenna, Ordak, Michal, Orisakwe, Orish Ebere, Orish, Verner N, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V, Ortiz, Alberto, Osman, Wael M S, Ostroff, Samuel M, Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi, Otoiu, Adrian, Otstavnov, Nikita, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Ouyahia, Amel, Ouyang, Guoqing, Owolabi, Mayowa O, Ozten, Yaz, P A, Mahesh Padukudru, Padron-Monedero, Alicia, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pal, Pramod Kumar, Palicz, Tamás, Palladino, Claudia, Palladino, Raffaele, Palma-Alvarez, Raul Felipe, Pan, Feng, Pan, Hai-Feng, Pana, Adrian, Panda, Paramjot, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R, Pangaribuan, Helena Ullyartha, Panos, Georgios D, Panos, Leonidas D, Pantazopoulos, Ioannis, Pantea Stoian, Anca Mihaela, Papadopoulou, Paraskevi, 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de Andrade, Rumisha, Susan Fred, Runghien, Tilleye, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, Rynkiewicz, Andrzej, S N, Chandan, Saad, Aly M A, Saadatian, Zahra, Saber, Korosh, Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed, SaberiKamarposhti, Morteza, Sabour, Siamak, Sacco, Simona, Sachdev, Perminder S, Sachdeva, Rajesh, Saddik, Basema, Saddler, Adam, Sadee, Bashdar Abuzed, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sadeghi, Erfan, Sadeghian, Farideh, Saeb, Mohammad Reza, Saeed, Umar, Safaeinejad, Fahimeh, Safi, Sher Zaman, Sagar, Rajesh, Saghazadeh, Amene, Sagoe, Dominic, Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh, Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop, Sahoo, Umakanta, Sahu, Monalisha, Saif, Zahra, Sajid, Mirza Rizwan, Sakshaug, Joseph W, Salam, Nasir, Salamati, Payman, Salami, Afeez Abolarinwa, Salaroli, Luciane B, Saleh, Mohamed A, Salehi, Sana, Salem, Marwa Rashad, Salem, Mohammed Z Y, Salimi, Sohrab, Samadi Kafil, Hossein, Samadzadeh, Sara, Samargandy, Saad, Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Sanna, Francesca, Santomauro, Damian Francesco, Santos, Itamar S, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Sao Jose, Bruno Piassi, Sarasmita, Made Ary, Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Saravanan, Aswini, Saravi, Babak, Sarikhani, Yaser, Sarkar, Tanmay, Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, Sarode, Gargi Sachin, Sarode, Sachin C, Sarveazad, Arash, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sayeed, Abu, Sayeed, Md Abu, Saylan, Mete, Sayyah, Mehdi, Scarmeas, Nikolaos, Schaarschmidt, Benedikt Michael, Schlaich, Markus P, Schlee, Winfried, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione Jayce Ceola, Schuermans, Art, Schumacher, Austin E, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwarzinger, Michaël, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Šekerija, Mario, Selvaraj, Siddharthan, Senapati, Sabyasachi, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Serban, Dragos, Sethi, Yashendra, Sha, Feng, Shabany, Maryam, Shafaat, Amir, Shafie, Mahan, Shah, Nilay S, Shah, Pritik A, Shah, Syed Mahboob, Shahabi, Saeed, Shahbandi, Ataollah, Shahid, Izza, Shahid, Samiah, Shahid, Wajeehah, Shahsavari, Hamid R, Shahwan, Moyad Jamal, Shaikh, Ahmed, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shakeri, Alireza, Shalash, Ali S, Sham, Sunder, Shamim, Muhammad Aaqib, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamshad, Hina, Shamsi, Mohammad Anas, Shanawaz, Mohd, Shankar, Abhishek, Sharfaei, Sadaf, Sharifan, Amin, Sharifi-Rad, Javad, Sharma, Rajesh, Sharma, Saurab, Sharma, Ujjawal, Sharma, Vishal, Shastry, Rajesh P, Shavandi, Amin, Shayan, Maryam, Shehabeldine, Amr Mohamed Elsayed, Sheikh, Aziz, Sheikhi, Rahim Ali, Shen, Jiabin, Shetty, Adithi, Shetty, B Suresh Kumar, Shetty, Pavanchand H, Shi, Peilin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shiferaw, Desalegn, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shin, Youn Ho, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shitaye, Nebiyu Aniley, Shittu, Aminu, Shiue, Ivy, Shivakumar, K M, Shivarov, Velizar, Shokraneh, Farhad, Shokri, Azad, Shool, Sina, Shorofi, Seyed Afshin, Shrestha, Sunil, Shuval, Kerem, Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar, Silva, João Pedro, Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues, Silva, Soraia, Simpson, Colin R, Singal, Anjali, Singh, Abhinav, Singh, Balbir Bagicha, Singh, Garima, Singh, Jasbir, Singh, Narinder Pal, Singh, Paramdeep, Singh, Surjit, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Sinto, Robert, Siraj, Md Shahjahan, Sirota, Sarah Brooke, Sitas, Freddy, Sivakumar, Shravan, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Sleet, David A, Socea, Bogdan, Sokhan, Anton, Solanki, Ranjan, Solanki, Shipra, Soleimani, Hamidreza, Soliman, Sameh S M, Song, Suhang, Song, Yimeng, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Spartalis, Michael, Spearman, Sandra, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Srivastava, Vijay Kumar, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Stanikzai, Muhammad Haroon, Stark, Benjamin A, Starnes, Joseph R, Starodubova, Antonina V, Stein, Caroline, Stein, Dan J, Steinbeis, Fridolin, Steiner, Caitlyn, Steinmetz, Jaimie D, Steiropoulos, Paschalis, Stevanović, Aleksandar, Stockfelt, Leo, Stokes, Mark A, Stortecky, Stefan, Subramaniyan, Vetriselvan, Suleman, Muhammad, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan, Sultana, Abida, Sun, Haitong Zhe, Sun, Jing, Sundström, Johan, Sunkersing, David, Sunnerhagen, Katharina S, Swain, Chandan Kumar, Szarpak, Lukasz, Szeto, Mindy D, Szócska, Miklós, Tabaee Damavandi, Payam, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad, Tabatabaei Malazy, Ozra, Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir, Tabatabai, Shima, Tabish, Mohammad, TADAKAMADLA, JYOTHI, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Taheri Abkenar, Yasaman, Taheri Soodejani, Moslem, Taiba, Jabeen, Takahashi, Ken, Talaat, Iman M, Talukder, Ashis, Tampa, Mircea, Tamuzi, Jacques Lukenze, Tan, Ker-Kan, Tandukar, Sarmila, Tang, Haosu, Tang, Hong K, Tarigan, Ingan Ukur, Tariku, Mengistie Kassahun, Tariqujjaman, Md, Tarkang, Elvis Enowbeyang, Tavakoli Oliaee, Razieh, Tavangar, Seyed Mohammad, Taveira, Nuno, Tefera, Yibekal Manaye, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Temsah, Reem Mohamad Hani, Teramoto, Masayuki, Tesler, Riki, Teye-Kwadjo, Enoch, Thakur, Rishu, Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Tharwat, Samar, Thayakaran, Rasiah, Thomas, Nihal, Thomas, Nikhil Kenny, Thomson, Azalea M, Thrift, Amanda G, Thum, Chern Choong Chern, Thygesen, Lau Caspar, Tian, Jing, Tichopad, Ales, Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera, Tillawi, Tala, Tiruye, Tenaw Yimer, Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Toriola, Adetunji T, Torre, Anna E, Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Tran, Jasmine T, Tran, Nghia Minh, Trico, Domenico, Tromans, Samuel Joseph, Truyen, Thien Tan Tri Tai, Tsatsakis, Aristidis, Tsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom, Tsermpini, Evangelia Eirini, Tumurkhuu, Munkhtuya, Tung, Kang, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Uddin, Sayed Mohammad Nazim, Udoakang, Aniefiok John, Udoh, Arit, Ullah, Atta, Ullah, Irfan, Ullah, Saeed, Ullah, Sana, Umakanthan, Srikanth, Umeokonkwo, Chukwuma David, Unim, Brigid, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Unsworth, Carolyn Anne, Upadhyay, Era, Urso, Daniele, Usman, Jibrin Sammani, Vahabi, Seyed Mohammad, 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Taweewat, Wickramasinghe, Dakshitha Praneeth, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Wilandika, Angga, Wilkerson, Caroline, Willeit, Peter, Wilson, Shadrach, Wojewodzic, Marcin W, Woldegebreal, Demewoz H, Wolf, Axel Walter, Wolfe, Charles D A, Wondimagegene, Yohannes Addisu, Wong, Yen Jun, Wongsin, Utoomporn, Wu, Ai-Min, Wu, Chenkai, Wu, Felicia, Wu, Xinsheng, Wu, Zenghong, Xia, Juan, Xiao, Hong, Xie, Yang, Xu, Suowen, Xu, Wang-Dong, Xu, Xiaoyue, Xu, Yvonne Yiru, Yadollahpour, Ali, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yang, Danting, Yang, Lin, Yano, Yuichiro, Yao, Yao, Yaribeygi, Habib, Ye, Pengpeng, Yehualashet, Sisay Shewasinad, Yesiltepe, Metin, Yesuf, Subah Abderehim, Yezli, Saber, Yi, Siyan, Yigezu, Amanuel, Yiğit, Arzu, Yiğit, Vahit, Yip, Paul, Yismaw, Malede Berihun, Yismaw, Yazachew, Yon, Dong Keon, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yoon, Seok-Jun, You, Yuyi, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefi, Zabihollah, Yu, Chuanhua, Yu, Yong, Yuh, Faith H, Zadey, Siddhesh, Zadnik, Vesna, Zafari, Nima, Zakham, Fathiah, Zaki, Nazar, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamora, Nelson, Zand, Ramin, Zangiabadian, Moein, Zar, Heather J, Zare, Iman, Zarrintan, Armin, Zeariya, Mohammed G M, Zeinali, Zahra, Zhang, Haijun, Zhang, Jianrong, Zhang, Jingya, Zhang, Liqun, Zhang, Yunquan, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zhao, Hanqing, Zhong, Chenwen, Zhou, Juexiao, Zhu, Bin, Zhu, Lei, Ziafati, Makan, Zielińska, Magdalena, Zitoun, Osama A, Zoladl, Mohammad, Zou, Zhiyong, Zuhlke, Liesl J, Zumla, Alimuddin, Zweck, Elric, Zyoud, Samer H, Wool, Eve E, and Murray, Christopher J L
Published: 2024

4. Investigating the ideal deltoid kinematics and tension in reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA)

Author: Aslani, Navid
Subjects: 617.5
Abstract: The shoulder is the one of the most active joints within the human body. Recruited in the majority of daily activities either in active use such as moving/carrying of objects or as a source of stability during locomotion. Therefore painful shoulder or its reduced mobility and function can be very debilitating hence affecting the quality of life. While shoulder pain and restricted motion encompasses a diverse array of pathologies, the most common causes are due to infection, arthritis, or trauma. Arthroplasty (the surgical reconstruction or replacement of a joint) of the shoulder has offered the potential for improved function and pain relief where the native structures have been damaged. The conventional total shoulder replacement, however, is not beneficial for all patients and may result in further pain and limited motion in persons with arthritic shoulders with a deficient rotator cuff. For these patients Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty (RSA), in which anatomic concavities of glenohumeral joint are inverted, is a popular treatment. However, for optimal restoration of motion, the correct positioning of the glenohumeral centre of rotation and initial setting of the deltoid length (Deltoid Tension) must play an important role in the surgery outcome. A study of the key literature has shown that despite common use of RSA, its biomechanical characteristics during motion are not fully understood. This study investigates the influence of some of the key parameters on the intensity of forces and moments in the shoulder joint before, during and after RSA. These parameters include; geometry, kinematics and muscle passive force measurement (deltoid pretension measurement). To investigate the effect of geometrical changes on kinematics of shoulder after RSA, a musculoskeletal model of the shoulder is developed and simulated. Geometrical parameters of the musculoskeletal model are extracted from previous published studies. Results of the simulation enabled the detection of key parameters in reverse shoulder kinematics and its influence on determining the mechanical advantage of the shoulder mechanism. This identified the need for developing an X-ray imaging protocol and image processing tool that enable surgeons to predict optimum implants insertion position and estimate the performance of the shoulder before planning the operation. Subsequently, an assessment tool was proposed to assess shoulder Range of Motion (ROM) and deltoid muscle activity to both quantify and validate the predicted outcome of the surgery. The main purpose of this study is to measure the passive force exerted on the reverse shoulder joint during surgery as a criterion or measure of deltoid pretension. Hence a force sensor is designed, developed and tested in a custom built joint simulator. As part of this research and to allow objective assessment of the joint, a series of tools/hardware/software were proposed, designed and developed, and then tested and evaluated for effectiveness and functionality. The introduction of a system proposed here provides data which could be recorded in a database along with geometrics and kinematics pre and post operatively, residual force in glenohumeral joint intraoperatively and shoulder performance in terms of range of motion and EMG muscle activity of individual patients pre and post operatively. Such a database in time will enable us to find correlations between these parameters and the outcome of surgery in the long term. It is hoped that this will provide a tool for surgeons in future operations to who choose to use a more quantitative and repeatable way of optimizing the implant size and position accordingly.
Published: 2017

5. Hagby deponi- metangas hotspots och passiva gashanteringssystem

Author: Aslani, Aidin and Aslani, Aidin
Abstract: Vid anaerob nedbrytning av organiskt material i en deponi bildas en gasblandning bestående av främst koldioxid och metan. Metan är en mer potent växthusgas än koldioxid och sett ur 20-årsperspektiv motsvarar ett ton metanutsläpp 84 ton koldioxidekvivalenter. Därför är det av stor vikt att begränsa metanutsläppen för att skydda klimatet. Deponigasen kan hanteras genom aktiva- och passiva system. Ett aktivt system samlar in gasen, som sedan kan användas som bränsle eller facklas av. Ett passivt system använder mikroorganismer för att oxidera metan till koldioxid. En betydande del av metanutsläppen kommer ofta från specifika platser eller mindre områden på deponin, så kallade hotspots. Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit att identifiera hotspots för metangasutsläpp vid Hagby deponi samt att undersöka passiva gashanteringssystem som en åtgärd för att minska utsläppen. Det finns olika metoder för att identifiera hotspots, såsom fluxboxmätningar och drönarbaserade plymmätningar, men i denna rapport fokuseras mest på vertikal porgasscreening. En fältstudie genomfördes för att identifiera områden med potentiella hotspots. Metoden gick ut på att först begränsa antalet områden med hjälp av data från tidigare läcksökningar och sedan mäta gasens sammansättning under marken genom porgasprovtagning. Deponin begränsades till fyra potentiella hotspots-områden, betecknade A, B, C och D, samt ett referensområde där inga tidigare metanutsläpp har observerats. Resultaten från fältstudien visar att områdena A och D är tydliga hotspots med förhöjda metanhalter på upp till 62 %. Metoden har vissa brister men kan, efter några justeringar, användas för en långtidsstudie av hotspots på Hagby deponi. Exempelvis är en förbättringsåtgärd flera provpunkter för att få en mer representativ bild av området och att använda bentonit för att säkerställa en god tätning. De passiva gashanteringssystem som undersöktes genom litteraturstudie var biocover, biowindow och biofilter. Principen är densamm
Published: 2024

6. Community health navigator-assisted transition of care from hospital to community: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Author: Parker, SM, Aslani, P, Harris-Roxas, B, Wright, MC, Barr, M, Doolan-Noble, F, Javanparast, S, Sharma, A, Osborne, RH, Cullen, J, Harris, E, Haigh, F, Harris, M, Parker, SM, Aslani, P, Harris-Roxas, B, Wright, MC, Barr, M, Doolan-Noble, F, Javanparast, S, Sharma, A, Osborne, RH, Cullen, J, Harris, E, Haigh, F, and Harris, M
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The objective of this parallel group, randomised controlled trial is to evaluate a community health navigator (CHN) intervention provided to patients aged over 40 years and living with chronic health conditions to transition from hospital inpatient care to their homes. Unplanned hospital readmissions are costly for the health system and negatively impact patients. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Patients are randomised post hospital discharge to the CHN intervention or usual care. A comparison of outcomes between intervention and control groups will use multivariate regression techniques that adjust for age, sex and any independent variables that are significantly different between the two groups, using multiple imputation for missing values. Time-to-event analysis will examine the relationship between seeing a CHN following discharge from the index hospitalisation and reduced rehospitalisations in the subsequent 60 days and 6 months. Secondary outcomes include medication adherence, health literacy, quality of life, experience of healthcare and health service use (including the cost of care). We will also conduct a qualitative assessment of the implementation of the navigator role from the viewpoint of stakeholders including patients, health professionals and the navigators themselves. ETHICS APPROVAL: Ethics approval was obtained from the Research Ethics and Governance Office, Sydney Local Health District, on 21 January 2022 (Protocol no. X21-0438 and 2021/ETH12171). The findings of the trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and national and international conference presentations. Data will be deposited in an institutional data repository at the end of the trial. This is subject to Ethics Committee approval, and the metadata will be made available on request. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN 12622000659707). ARTICLE SUMMARY: The objective of this trial is to evaluate a CHN intervention provided
Published: 2024

7. Prediction of mechanical and electrical properties of carbon fibre-reinforced self-sensing cementitious composites

Author: Kang, Zehao, Aslani, Farhad, Han, Baoguo, Kang, Zehao, Aslani, Farhad, and Han, Baoguo
Abstract: The transmission of signal values in self-sensing concrete allows us to precisely locate damaged structures and prevent disasters. Currently, there are over ten functional materials used in self-sensing concrete applications. Carbon fibre (CF) is a well-known functional material that has been extensively studied for its reproducibility and accuracy in self-sensing concrete experiments. In contrast, this study is based on finite element modelling to rapidly predict the impact of the functional filler material, CF, on concrete performance. This paper simulates the mechanical and piezoresistive properties of concrete with unsized and desized short-cut CFs at lengths of 3, 6, and 12 mm. Four different weight ratios were considered for each type of CF. The results indicate that the inclusion of CF increases compressive strength by approximately 2 MPa, while flexural strength can increase by up to 39%, with the unsized 6 mm fibres performing best at a concentration of 0.7 wt%. In the piezoresistive model, the higher fractional change in resistivity between 0 and 2 MPa is attributed to the formation of a conductive circuit. The predicted trends in mechanical strength and resistance variation align well with experimental observations. Therefore, this proposed model holds the potential to aid in the development of design strategies aimed at fine-tuning the microstructure of these self-sensitive materials to enhance performance and facilitate the design and application of carbon fibres in cementitious composites.
Published: 2024

8. Advanced shape memory alloy fibers designed to enhance crack closure and re-centring performance in cement-based composites

Author: Dehghani, Ayoub, Aslani, Farhad, Dehghani, Ayoub, and Aslani, Farhad
Abstract: Crack-closing and re-centring attributes were observed in cementitious composites utilising segmented pseudoelastic shape memory alloy fibres (S-PSMAFs) developed in this study. S-PSMAFs, produced via laboratory deep drawing, displayed notable strain recovery capacity during detwinning and martensite phases in direct cyclic tensile tests. Cementitious composites incorporating S-PSMAFs at 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0% dosages underwent testing in static and cyclic flexure using both unnotched and notched beams. Results were compared with steel fibre (SF) reinforced specimens. Digital image correlation (DIC) provided full-field strain maps and crack propagation data. The cyclic testing allowed assessment of crack-closing and re-centring behaviour at varying deflections post-cracking and at ultimate limit state deflections. S-PSMAF-reinforced composites maintained a crack-closure ratio between 52% and 60% even at larger crack sizes (e.g., 3 mm). Re-centring ratios ranged from 80% to 55%, dependent on the imposed displacement amplitude of cycles. In contrast, SF-reinforced beams lacked effective crack-closing or re-centring behaviour, with both ratios decreasing drastically to about 10% over cycles. Additionally, S-PSMAF-reinforced composites exhibited higher flexural toughness, ductility, force reduction performance factor, greater energy dissipation, and smaller crack sizes compared to their SF-reinforced counterparts.
Published: 2024

9. Probabilistic alternate path analysis of steel moment-resisting frames

Author: Dehcheshmeh, Esmaeil M., Broujerdian, Vahid, Aslani, Farhad, Dehcheshmeh, Esmaeil M., Broujerdian, Vahid, and Aslani, Farhad
Abstract: This research presents a probabilistic assessment of progressive collapse in intermediate Steel Moment-Resisting Frames (SMRFs) subjected to different levels of column damage. Damage levels were represented by gradual reductions in column stiffness to the extent that tensile forces are created in columns sustaining large deformations, and columns were allowed to enter completely plastic zone. To this aim, low- to mid-rise structures with 4, 8, and 12 stories were examined. The effect of composite slabs on the vertical displacement response of SMRFs was taken as a variable. A number of 11 column damage scenarios were defined with either one or two damaged columns, located at different positions in the plan, which were applied to all floor levels. Incremental dynamic analysis was conducted for each damage scenario using the finite element OpenSees framework. Moreover, a state-of-the-art approach was employed in fragility analysis. The results showed that higher floors are more sensitive to partial damage due to less structural components involved in progressive collapse. However, in case of large damages, lower floors prove to be more critical due to greater deal of gravity loads. Shorter and taller structures perform better in large and partial damages to column, respectively. Moreover, the failure probability of SMRFs reduced by considering the composite slab stiffness. Subjected to single-column damage scenarios, SMRFs reach life safety limit state once tensile forces are created in the damaged column. In contrast, all performance levels are met in double-column damages when the column has still its compressive capacity.
Published: 2024

10. On the preconditioned APSS iterative method for singular coupled saddle point problems

Author: Aslani, Hamed, Khojasteh Salkuyeh, Davod, Aslani, Hamed, and Khojasteh Salkuyeh, Davod
Abstract: Salkuyeh et al. (D.K. Salkuyeh, H. Aslani, Z.Z. Liang, An alternating positive semi-definite splitting preconditioner for the three-by-three block saddle point problems, Math. Commun. 26 (2021) 177-195) recently established an alternating positive semi-definite splitting (APSS) method for nonsymmetric block three-by-three nonsingular saddle point problems arising from the Picard iteration method for a class of mixed finite element scheme. In this work, we analyse the semi-convergence of the APSS method for solving a class of nonsymmetric block three-by-three singular saddle point problems. The APSS induced preconditioner is applied to improve the semi-convergence rate of the flexible GMRES (FGMRES) method. Numerical results are designated to support the theoretical results. These results show that the served preconditioner is efficient compared with FGMRES without a preconditioner.
Published: 2024

11. Multi-task localization of the hemidiaphragms and lung segmentation in portable chest X-ray images of COVID-19 patients

Author: Iglesias Morís, Daniel, Moura, Joaquim de, Aslani, Shahab, Jacob, Joseph, Novo Buján, Jorge, Ortega Hortas, Marcos, Iglesias Morís, Daniel, Moura, Joaquim de, Aslani, Shahab, Jacob, Joseph, Novo Buján, Jorge, and Ortega Hortas, Marcos
Abstract: [Absctract]: Background: The COVID-19 can cause long-term symptoms in the patients after they overcome the disease. Given that this disease mainly damages the respiratory system, these symptoms are often related with breathing problems that can be caused by an affected diaphragm. The diaphragmatic function can be assessed with imaging modalities like computerized tomography or chest X-ray. However, this process must be performed by expert clinicians with manual visual inspection. Moreover, during the pandemic, the clinicians were asked to prioritize the use of portable devices, preventing the risk of cross-contamination. Nevertheless, the captures of these devices are of a lower quality. Objectives: The automatic quantification of the diaphragmatic function can determine the damage of COVID-19 on each patient and assess their evolution during the recovery period, a task that could also be complemented with the lung segmentation. Methods: We propose a novel multi-task fully automatic methodology to simultaneously localize the position of the hemidiaphragms and to segment the lung boundaries with a convolutional architecture using portable chest X-ray images of COVID-19 patients. For that aim, the hemidiaphragms’ landmarks are located adapting the paradigm of heatmap regression. Results: The methodology is exhaustively validated with four analyses, achieving an 82.31% +- 2.78% of accuracy when localizing the hemidiaphragms’ landmarks and a Dice score of 0.9688 +- 0.0012 in lung segmentation. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the model is able to perform both tasks simultaneously, being a helpful tool for clinicians despite the lower quality of the portable chest X-ray images.
Published: 2024

12. Design attributes of spinal fusion cages and a surgical instrument to aid thier screw fixation

Author: Jabbary-Aslani, Farnaz
Subjects: 621, TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery
Abstract: Spinal fusion cages are used to aid spinal fusion where the joint between the vertebrae is fused by bone graft. The design and material of these cages are of great importance to the fusion process. Methods such as screw fixation are sometimes used to secure these cages in vivo. However, access to the cage screw holes is partially obscured by the vertebral bodies. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of side-holes on the design of a cage, assess the feasibility of a bioactive/biodegradable composite as a cage material and develop an instrument to aid screw access to the cage screw holes. Computer models of cages with between 0 and 10 side-holes were produced to model compression between adjacent vertebrae. The bioactive/biodegradable composite as a cage material was analysed using a range of Young’s modulus values for the composite. The results suggested that the number of side-holes had a negligible effect on the stress distribution within the cage and the bioactive/biodegradable composite as a cervical cage material is unlikely to fail in static compression. A cutter instrument was developed in compliance with regulatory standards. It neatly removed the targeted vertebral edge adjacent to the cage screw holes allowing screw insertion.
Published: 2011

13. Rooftop segmentation and optimization of photovoltaic panel layouts in digital surface models

Author: Aslani, Mohammad, Seipel, Stefan, Aslani, Mohammad, and Seipel, Stefan
Abstract: Rooftop photovoltaic panels (RPVs) are being increasingly used in urban areas as a promising means of achieving energy sustainability. Determining proper layouts of RPVs that make the best use of rooftop areas is of importance as they have a considerable impact on the RPVs performance in efficiently producing energy. In this study, a new spatial methodology for automatically determining the proper layouts of RPVs is proposed. It aims to both extract planar rooftop segments and identify feasible layouts with the highest number of RPVs in highly irradiated areas. It leverages digital surface models (DSMs) to consider roof shapes and occlusions in placing RPVs. The innovations of the work are twofold: (a) a new method for plane segmentation, and (b) a new method for optimally placing RPVs based on metaheuristic optimization, which best utilizes the limited rooftop areas. The proposed methodology is evaluated on two test sites that differ in urban morphology, building size, and spatial resolution. The results show that the plane segmentation method can accurately extract planar segments, achieving 88.7% and 99.5% precision in the test sites. In addition, the results indicate that complex rooftops are adequately handled for placing RPVs, and overestimation of solar energy potential is avoided if detailed analysis based on panel placement is employed.
Published: 2023
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14. Att identifiera sexuellt utsatta barn : En kartläggande litteraturstudie om sexuellt utsatta barns beteendemönster och kännetecken.

Author: Johansson, Linn, Aslani, Sanaz, Johansson, Linn, and Aslani, Sanaz
Abstract: Sexuella övergrepp mot barn är ett såväl nationellt som ett globalt problem som ökat senaste åren. Var femte barn uppskattas idag bli utsatt för sexuella övergrepp och bland dessa utmärkande siffror finns det även ett stort mörkertal då rädsla, skam och skuldkänslor hindrar många barn från att berätta om övergreppen. Professioner och andra vuxna som kommer i kontakt med dessa barn står därmed inför en stor utmaning att känna igen och identifiera dem. Syftet med denna kartläggande litteraturstudie är att genom tidigare forskning, publicerad från 2010 till nutid, undersöka befintlig kunskap samt identifiera kunskapsluckor gällande beteenden och kännetecken hos barn som blivit utsatta för sexuella övergrepp. Vidare kommer 10 studier även att undersöka könsskillnader i barns reaktioner efter övergreppen, samt identifiera de sociala arenor där dessa beteenden vanligen uppvisas. Genom en riktad innehållsanalys kunde resultatet fastställas och studier visar på att barn uppvisar en rad olika reaktioner till följd av sexuella övergrepp, samt att dessa varierar. Dessa kategoriseras som internaliserade, externaliserande, sexuella och övriga beteenden. Vidare visar resultatet på att könsskillnader är förekommande i vissa avseenden medan det ibland inte finns signifikanta samband mellan kön och olika beteenden. Hemmet, skolan och förskolan visade sig vara de platser där barns avvikande beteenden efter sexuella övergrepp vanligtvis synliggjordes. I diskussionen framgår det att identifieringen av barn som utsätts för sexuella övergrepp är komplext och att de kan uppvisa olika symtom efter sitt trauma. Vidare diskuterar studieförfattarna om hur andra faktorer kan påverka utfallen och hur könsskillnader kan förklaras med hjälp av social inlärningsteori och samhällets könsnormer. Slutsatsen redogör för de främsta beteendena som barn tenderar att uppvisa, samt för könsskillnader i dessa beteenden samtidigt som mer forskning saknas. Slutligen identifieras hemmet och skolan som viktig
Published: 2023

15. Classification of Malicious URLs Using Machine Learning

Author: Abad, Shayan, Gholamy, Hassan, Aslani, Mohammad, Abad, Shayan, Gholamy, Hassan, and Aslani, Mohammad
Abstract: Amid the rapid proliferation of thousands of new websites daily, distinguishing safe ones from potentially harmful ones has become an increasingly complex task. These websites often collect user data, and, without adequate cybersecurity measures such as the efficient detection and classification of malicious URLs, users’ sensitive information could be compromised. This study aims to develop models based on machine learning algorithms for the efficient identification and classification of malicious URLs, contributing to enhanced cybersecurity. Within this context, this study leverages support vector machines (SVMs), random forests (RFs), decision trees (DTs), and k-nearest neighbors (KNNs) in combination with Bayesian optimization to accurately classify URLs. To improve computational efficiency, instance selection methods are employed, including data reduction based on locality-sensitive hashing (DRLSH), border point extraction based on locality-sensitive hashing (BPLSH), and random selection. The results show the effectiveness of RFs in delivering high precision, recall, and F1 scores, with SVMs also providing competitive performance at the expense of increased training time. The results also emphasize the substantial impact of the instance selection method on the performance of these models, indicating its significance in the machine learning pipeline for malicious URL classification
Published: 2023
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16. Classification of Weather Conditions Based on Supervised Learning for Swedish Cities

Author: Safia, Mohamad, Abbas, Rodi, Aslani, Mohammad, Safia, Mohamad, Abbas, Rodi, and Aslani, Mohammad
Abstract: Weather forecasting has always been challenging due to the atmosphere’s complex and dynamic nature. Weather conditions such as rain, clouds, clear skies, and sunniness are influenced by several factors, including temperature, pressure, humidity, wind speed, and direction. Physical and complex models are currently used to determine weather conditions, but they have their limitations, particularly in terms of computing time. In recent years, supervised machine learning methods have shown great potential in predicting weather events accurately. These methods use historical weather data to train a model, which can then be used to predict future weather conditions. This study enhances weather forecasting by employing four supervised machine learning techniques—artificial neural networks (ANNs), support vector machines (SVMs), random forest (RF), and k-nearest neighbors (KNN)—on three distinct datasets obtained from the Weatherstack database. These datasets, with varying temporal spans and uncertainty levels in their input features, are used to train and evaluate the methods. The results show that the ANN has superior performance across all datasets. Furthermore, when compared to Weatherstack’s weather prediction model, all methods demonstrate significant improvements. Interestingly, our models show variance in performance across different datasets, particularly those with predicted rather than observed input features, underscoring the complexities of handling data uncertainty. The study provides valuable insights into the use of supervised machine learning techniques for weather forecasting and contributes to the development of more precise prediction models.
Published: 2023
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17. ANALISA KERUSAKAN JALAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE SURFACE DISTRESS INDEX (SDI) DAN METODE INTERNATIONAL ROUGHNESS INDEX (IRI) SERTA PENANGANAN KERUSAKAN PADA PERKERASAN LENTUR

Author: Heldi, Aslani, Mufti, Warman, Eko, Prayitno, Heldi, Aslani, Mufti, Warman, and Eko, Prayitno
Abstract: Ruas jalan Batas Kota Payakumbuh – Sitangkai merupakan jalan Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Dengan berjalannya waktu ruas jalan mengalami penurunan kekuatan pada perkerasannya. Kerusakan di pengaruhi oleh beban kendaraan, drainase yang masih bersifat alami dan tidak terawat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kerusakan jalan, penanganan kerusakan jalan, perencanaan pelebaran jalan, dan perencanaan drainase. Metode yang digunakan yaitu International Roughness Index dan Surface Distress Index. Dimana pada kedua metode tersebut nilai dari kerusakan jalan secara keseluruhan didapatkan kondisi jalan baik atau dilakukan penanganan pemeliharaan rutin. Mengenai penanganan pada kerusakan permukaan jalan, dilakukan pekerjaan overlay dengan menggunakan data nilai IRI menurut Manual Desain Perkerasan Jalan 2017, sebelum dilakukan overlay, kerusakan permukaan diperbaiki terlebih dahulu dengan menggunakan Metode Perbaikan Standard Bina Marga 1995. Untuk pelebaran jalan yang direncanakan dalam 20 tahun lebar eksisting perkerasan jalan 4.70 meter dengan V/C yaitu 1,02, maka direncanakan menjadi 6 meter dengan V/C yaitu 0,55. Dan perencanaan drainase untuk kapasitas debit rencana dalam periode ulang 10 tahun didapatkan penampang persegi, dimana lebar penampang 50 cm dan panjang penampang 55 cm.
Published: 2023

18. Solar Energy Assessment: From Rooftop Extraction to Identifying Utilizable Areas

Author: Aslani, Mohammad, Seipel, Stefan, Aslani, Mohammad, and Seipel, Stefan
Abstract: Rooftop photovoltaics have been acknowledged as a critical component in cities’ efforts to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels and move towards energy sustainability. Identifying rooftop areas suitable for installing rooftop photovoltaics-referred to as utilizable areas-is essential for effective energy planning and developing policies related to renewable energies. Utilizable areas are greatly affected by the size, shape, superstructures of rooftops, and shadow effects. This study estimates utilizable areas and solar energy potential of rooftops by considering the mentioned factors. First, rooftops are extracted from LiDAR data by training PointNet++, a neural network architecture for processing 3D point clouds. The second step involves extracting planar segments of rooftops using a combination of clustering and region growing. Finally, utilizable areas of planar segments are identified by removing areas that do not have a suitable size and do not receive sufficient solar irradiation. Additionally, in this step, areas reserved for accessibility to photovoltaics are removed. According to the experimental results, the methods have a high success rate in rooftop extraction, plane segmentation, and, consequently, estimating utilizable areas for photovoltaics.
Published: 2023
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19. Multiple Automated Health Literacy Assessments of Written Health Information: Development of the SHeLL (Sydney Health Literacy Lab) Health Literacy Editor v1.

Author: Ayre, J, Bonner, C, Muscat, DM, Dunn, AG, Harrison, E, Dalmazzo, J, Mouwad, D, Aslani, P, Shepherd, HL, McCaffery, KJ, Ayre, J, Bonner, C, Muscat, DM, Dunn, AG, Harrison, E, Dalmazzo, J, Mouwad, D, Aslani, P, Shepherd, HL, and McCaffery, KJ
Abstract: Producing health information that people can easily understand is challenging and time-consuming. Existing guidance is often subjective and lacks specificity. With advances in software that reads and analyzes text, there is an opportunity to develop tools that provide objective, specific, and automated guidance on the complexity of health information. This paper outlines the development of the SHeLL (Sydney Health Literacy Lab) Health Literacy Editor, an automated tool to facilitate the implementation of health literacy guidelines for the production of easy-to-read written health information. Target users were any person or organization that develops consumer-facing education materials, with or without prior experience with health literacy concepts. Anticipated users included health professionals, staff, and government and nongovernment agencies. To develop this tool, existing health literacy and relevant writing guidelines were collated. Items amenable to programmable automated assessment were incorporated into the Editor. A set of natural language processing methods were also adapted for use in the SHeLL Editor, though the approach was primarily procedural (rule-based). As a result of this process, the Editor comprises 6 assessments: readability (school grade reading score calculated using the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG)), complex language (percentage of the text that contains public health thesaurus entries, words that are uncommon in English, or acronyms), passive voice, text structure (eg, use of long paragraphs), lexical density and diversity, and person-centered language. These are presented as global scores, with additional, more specific feedback flagged in the text itself. Feedback is provided in real-time so that users can iteratively revise and improve the text. The design also includes a "text preparation" mode, which allows users to quickly make adjustments to ensure accurate calculation of readability. A hierarchy of assessments also helps u
Published: 2023

20. Retraction Note: Salinity-induced changes in the morphology and major mineral nutrient composition of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) accessions

Author: Alam,Md. Amirul, Juraimi,Abdul Shukor, Rafii,M. Y., Hamid,Azizah Abdul, Aslani,Farzad, Hakim,M. A., Alam,Md. Amirul, Juraimi,Abdul Shukor, Rafii,M. Y., Hamid,Azizah Abdul, Aslani,Farzad, and Hakim,M. A.
Published: 2023

21. Digital twin applications in 3D concrete printing

Author: Wang, Yuxin, Aslani, Farhad, Dyskin, Arcady, Pasternak, Elena, Wang, Yuxin, Aslani, Farhad, Dyskin, Arcady, and Pasternak, Elena
Abstract: The benefits of 3D concrete printing (3DCP) include reducing construction time and costs, providing design freedom, and being environmentally friendly. This technology is expected to be effective in addressing the global house shortage. This review highlights the main 3DCP applications and four critical challenges. It is proposed to combine 3D concrete printing with Digital Twin (DT) technology to meet the challenges the 3DCP faces and improve quality and sustainability. This paper provides a critical review of research into the application of DT technology in 3DCP, categorize the applications and directions proposed according to different lifecycles, and explore the possibility of incorporating them into existing 3DCP systems. A comprehensive roadmap was proposed to detail how DT can be used at different lifecycle stages to optimize and address the four main challenges of 3DCP, providing directions and ideas for further research.
Published: 2023

22. Prediction models of shielding effectiveness of carbon fibre reinforced cement-based composites against electromagnetic interference

Author: Narayanan, Shilpa, Zhang, Yifan, Aslani, Farhad, Narayanan, Shilpa, Zhang, Yifan, and Aslani, Farhad
Abstract: With the rapid development of communication technology as well as a rapid rise in the usage of electronic devices, a growth of concerns over unintentional electromagnetic interference emitted by these devices has been witnessed. Pioneer researchers have deeply studied the relationship between the shielding effectiveness and a few mixed design parameters for cementitious composites incoporating carbon fibres by conducting physical experiments. This paper, therefore, aims to develop and propose a series of prediction models for the shielding effectiveness of cementitious composites involving carbon fibres using frequency and mixed design parameters, such as the water-to-cement ratio, fibre content, sand-to-cement ratio and aspect ratio of the fibres. A multi-variable non-linear regression model and a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) model were developed to meet the different accuracy requirements as well as the complexity requirements. The results showed that the regression model reached an R2 of 0.88 with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 2.3 dB for the testing set while the BPNN model had an R2 of 0.96 with an RMSE of 2.64 dB. Both models exhibited a sufficient prediction accuracy, and the results also supported that both the regression and the BPNN model are reasonable for such estimation.
Published: 2023

23. A hybrid CNN-RNN approach for survival analysis in a Lung Cancer Screening study

Author: Lu, Yaozhi, Aslani, Shahab, Zhao, An, Shahin, Ahmed, Barber, David, Emberton, Mark, Alexander, Daniel C., Jacob, Joseph, Lu, Yaozhi, Aslani, Shahab, Zhao, An, Shahin, Ahmed, Barber, David, Emberton, Mark, Alexander, Daniel C., and Jacob, Joseph
Abstract: In this study, we present a hybrid CNN-RNN approach to investigate long-term survival of subjects in a lung cancer screening study. Subjects who died of cardiovascular and respiratory causes were identified whereby the CNN model was used to capture imaging features in the CT scans and the RNN model was used to investigate time series and thus global information. The models were trained on subjects who underwent cardiovascular and respiratory deaths and a control cohort matched to participant age, gender, and smoking history. The combined model can achieve an AUC of 0.76 which outperforms humans at cardiovascular mortality prediction. The corresponding F1 and Matthews Correlation Coefficient are 0.63 and 0.42 respectively. The generalisability of the model is further validated on an 'external' cohort. The same models were applied to survival analysis with the Cox Proportional Hazard model. It was demonstrated that incorporating the follow-up history can lead to improvement in survival prediction. The Cox neural network can achieve an IPCW C-index of 0.75 on the internal dataset and 0.69 on an external dataset. Delineating imaging features associated with long-term survival can help focus preventative interventions appropriately, particularly for under-recognised pathologies thereby potentially reducing patient morbidity.
Published: 2023

24. Splitting tensile strength of recycled tire steel fiber-reinforced alkali-activated slag concrete designed by Taguchi method

Author: Eskandarinia, Milad, Esmailzade, Mina, Aslani, Farhad, Eskandarinia, Milad, Esmailzade, Mina, and Aslani, Farhad
Abstract: Despite offering several benefits in terms of environment and economics, few studies were conducted on the ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) based alkali-activated concrete reinforced with recycled tire steel fibers (RTSFs). Therefore, this paper employed the Taguchi method to investigate and optimize the influence of GGBFS content, the alkaline solution to GGBFS content ratio, sodium hydroxide solution concentration, and RTSF volume fraction on splitting tensile strength (STS) of recycled tire steel fiber-reinforced alkali-activated slag concrete (RTSFR-AASC). The microstructural evaluation was done through scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The results indicated that the fiber content, the most efficient parameter on STS, led to a considerable enhancement in the performance characteristic. Microstructural analysis proved the variations in formation of C – S – H gel. The results of the confirmation experiment on the proposed optimized RTSFR-AASC mixture with the highest 28-day STS (7.11 MPa) confirmed the effectiveness of the Taguchi method.
Published: 2023

25. “EvoVax” – A rationally designed inactivated Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine induces strong and long-lasting immune responses in pigs

Author: Lentsch, Verena; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7440-4604, Aslani, Selma, Echtermann, Thomas, Preet, Swapan, Cappio Barazzone, Elisa, Hoces, Daniel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1451-5166, Moresi, Claudia; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0990-2137, Kümmerlen, Dolf; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3311-3250, Slack, Emma; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2473-1145, Lentsch, Verena; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7440-4604, Aslani, Selma, Echtermann, Thomas, Preet, Swapan, Cappio Barazzone, Elisa, Hoces, Daniel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1451-5166, Moresi, Claudia; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0990-2137, Kümmerlen, Dolf; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3311-3250, and Slack, Emma; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2473-1145
Abstract: Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium (S.Tm) poses a considerable threat to public health due to its zoonotic potential. Human infections are mostly foodborne, and pork and pork products are ranked among the top culprits for transmission. In addition, the high percentage of antibiotic resistance, especially in monophasic S.Tm, limits treatment options when needed. Better S.Tm control would therefore be of benefit both for farm animals and for safety of the human food chain. A promising pre-harvest intervention is vaccination. In this study we tested safety and immunogenicity of an oral inactivated S.Tm vaccine, which has been recently shown to generate an "evolutionary trap" and to massively reduce S.Tm colonization and transmission in mice. We show that this vaccine is highly immunogenic and safe in post-weaning pigs and that administration of a single oral dose results in a strong and long-lasting serum IgG response. This has several advantages over existing - mainly live - vaccines against S.Tm, both in improved seroconversion and reduced risk of vaccine-strain persistence and reversion to virulence.
Published: 2023

26. Deep Learning for Vascular Segmentation and Applications in Phase Contrast Tomography Imaging

Author: Yagis, Ekin, Aslani, Shahab, Jain, Yashvardhan, Zhou, Yang, Rahmani, Shahrokh, Brunet, Joseph, Bellier, Alexandre, Werlein, Christopher, Ackermann, Maximilian, Jonigk, Danny, Tafforeau, Paul, Lee, Peter D, Walsh, Claire, Yagis, Ekin, Aslani, Shahab, Jain, Yashvardhan, Zhou, Yang, Rahmani, Shahrokh, Brunet, Joseph, Bellier, Alexandre, Werlein, Christopher, Ackermann, Maximilian, Jonigk, Danny, Tafforeau, Paul, Lee, Peter D, and Walsh, Claire
Abstract: Automated blood vessel segmentation is vital for biomedical imaging, as vessel changes indicate many pathologies. Still, precise segmentation is difficult due to the complexity of vascular structures, anatomical variations across patients, the scarcity of annotated public datasets, and the quality of images. We present a thorough literature review, highlighting the state of machine learning techniques across diverse organs. Our goal is to provide a foundation on the topic and identify a robust baseline model for application to vascular segmentation in a new imaging modality, Hierarchical Phase Contrast Tomography (HiP CT). Introduced in 2020 at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, HiP CT enables 3D imaging of complete organs at an unprecedented resolution of ca. 20mm per voxel, with the capability for localized zooms in selected regions down to 1mm per voxel without sectioning. We have created a training dataset with double annotator validated vascular data from three kidneys imaged with HiP CT in the context of the Human Organ Atlas Project. Finally, utilising the nnU Net model, we conduct experiments to assess the models performance on both familiar and unseen samples, employing vessel specific metrics. Our results show that while segmentations yielded reasonably high scores such as clDice values ranging from 0.82 to 0.88, certain errors persisted. Large vessels that collapsed due to the lack of hydrostatic pressure (HiP CT is an ex vivo technique) were segmented poorly. Moreover, decreased connectivity in finer vessels and higher segmentation errors at vessel boundaries were observed. Such errors obstruct the understanding of the structures by interrupting vascular tree connectivity. Through our review and outputs, we aim to set a benchmark for subsequent model evaluations using various modalities, especially with the HiP CT imaging database.
Published: 2023

27. The use of medication adherence guidelines in medication taking behaviour research

Author: Bekker, C.L., Aslani, Parisa, Chen, Timothy F., Bekker, C.L., Aslani, Parisa, and Chen, Timothy F.
Abstract: Item does not contain fulltext
Published: 2022

28. Global diversity and distribution of mushroom-inhabiting bacteria

Author: Gohar, Daniyal, Poldmaa, Kadri, Tedersoo, Leho, Aslani, Farzad, Furneaux, Brendan R., Henkel, Terry W., Saar, Irja, Smith, Matthew E., Bahram, Mohammad, Gohar, Daniyal, Poldmaa, Kadri, Tedersoo, Leho, Aslani, Farzad, Furneaux, Brendan R., Henkel, Terry W., Saar, Irja, Smith, Matthew E., and Bahram, Mohammad
Abstract: Mushroom-forming fungi are important sources of food and medicine in many regions of the world, and their development and health are known to depend on various microbes. Recent studies have examined the structure of mushroom-inhabiting bacterial (MIB) communities and their association with local environmental variables, but global-scale diversity and determinants of these communities remain poorly understood. Here we examined the MIB global diversity and community composition in relation to climate, soil and host factors. We found a core global mushroom microbiome, accounting for 30% of sequence reads, while comprising a few bacterial genera such as Halomonas, Serratia, Bacillus, Cutibacterium, Bradyrhizobium and Burkholderia. Our analysis further revealed an important role of host phylogeny in shaping the communities of MIB, whereas the effects of climate and soil factors remained negligible. The results suggest that the communities of MIB and free-living bacteria are structured by contrasting community assembly processes and that fungal-bacterial interactions are an important determinant of MIB community structure.
Published: 2022
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29. A Spatially Detailed Approach to the Assessment of Rooftop Solar Energy Potential based on LiDAR Data

Author: Aslani, Mohammad, Seipel, Stefan, Aslani, Mohammad, and Seipel, Stefan
Abstract: Rooftop solar energy has long been regarded as a promising solution to cities' growing energy demand and environmental problems. A reliable estimate of rooftop solar energy facilitates the deployment of photovoltaics and helps formulate renewable-related policies. This reliable estimate underpins the necessity of accurately pinpointing the areas utilizable for mounting photovoltaics. The size, shape, and superstructures of rooftops as well as shadow effects are the important factors that have a considerable impact on utilizable areas. In this study, the utilizable areas and solar energy potential of rooftops are estimated by considering the mentioned factors using a three-step methodology. The first step involves training PointNet++, a deep network for object detection in point clouds, to recognize rooftops in LiDAR data. Second, planar segments of rooftops are extracted using clustering. Finally, areas that receive sufficient solar irradiation, have an appropriate size, and fulfill photovoltaic installation requirements are identified using morphological operations and predefined thresholds. The obtained results show high accuracy for rooftop extraction (93%) and plane segmentation (99%). Moreover. the spatially detailed analysis indicates that 17% of rooftop areas are usable for photovoltaics.
Published: 2022
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30. Computational and spatial analyses of rooftops for urban solar energy planning

Author: Aslani, Mohammad and Aslani, Mohammad
Abstract: In cities where land availability is limited, rooftop photovoltaic panels (RPVs) offer high potential for satisfying concentrated urban energy demand by using only rooftop areas. However, accurate estimation of RPVs potential in relation to their spatial distribution is indispensable for successful energy planning. Classification, plane segmentation, and spatial analysis are three important aspects in this context. Classification enables extracting rooftops and allows for estimating solar energy potential based on existing training samples. Plane segmentation helps to characterize rooftops by extracting their planar patches. Additionally, spatial analyses enable the identification of rooftop utilizable areas for placing RPVs. This dissertation aims to address some issues associated with these three aspects, particularly (a) training support vector machines (SVMs) in large datasets, (b) plane segmentation of rooftops, and (c) identification of utilizable areas for RPVs. SVMs are among the most potent classifiers and have a solid theoretical foundation. However, they have high time complexity in their training phase, making them inapplicable in large datasets. Two new instance selection methods were proposed to accelerate the training phase of SVMs. The methods are based on locality-sensitive hashing and are capable of handling large datasets. As an application, they were incorporated into a rooftop extraction procedure, followed by plane segmentation. Plane segmentation of rooftops for the purpose of solar energy potential estimation should have a low risk of overlooking superstructures, which play an essential role in the placement of RPVs. Two new methods for plane segmentation in high-resolution digital surface models were thus developed. They have an acceptable level of accuracy and can successfully extract planar segments by considering superstructures. Not all areas of planar segments are utilizable for mounting RPVs, and some factors may further limit their us, I städer där marktillgången är begränsad erbjuder takmonterade solpaneler (eng. rooftop photovoltaic panels) ett attraktivt alternativ för att tillfredsställa höga energibehov. Noggrann värdering av deras potantial f förhållande till spatial utbredning och variation är dock oumbärlig för framgångsrik energi planering. För detta krävs klassificering och segmentering av plana ytor samt spatial analys. Klassificering möjliggör extrahering av hustak och uppskattning av solenergipotentialen baserat på befintliga träningsprov. Segmentering i plan hjälper till att karakterisera hustaken genom extrahering av deras plana segment och spatial analys möjliggör identifiering av användbara takytor för placering av takmonterade solpaneler. Denna avhandlings syfte ät att adressera olika problem associerade med dessa; särskilt: (a) träning av stödvektormaskiner (eng. support vector machines) för stora datamängder, (b) segmentering i plan av hustakspunkter och (c) identifiering av lämpliga ytor för placering av takmonterade solpaneler. Stödvektormaskiner tillhör de mest kraftfulla klassificeringsmetoderna och vilar på en solid teoretisk grund. Men på grund av högkomplexitet under träningsfasen är de tidskrävande, vilket gör dem olämpliga för stora datamängder. Två nya initiala urvalsmetoder (eng. instance selection methods) för data föresås för att påskynda träningsfasen i stödvektormaskiner. Metoderna är baserade på lokalitetskänslig hashning och kan hantera stora datamängder. De inkorpooreras i en applikation i form av extrahering av takyta föjlt av segmentering i plan. Segmentering av hustak för uppskattning av solenergipotential bör inkludera låg risk att förbise överbyggnader, som spelar en viktig roll vid placering av takmonterade solpaneler. Två nya metoder för segmentering i plan för högupplösta digitala ytmodeller har därför utvecklats. De har en acceptabel nivå av noggrannhet och kan framgångsrikt extrahera plana segment genom att ta hänsyn till överbyggnader. Alla ytor med
Published: 2022

31. Automatic identification of utilizable rooftop areas in digital surface models for photovoltaics potential assessment

Author: Aslani, Mohammad, Seipel, Stefan, Aslani, Mohammad, and Seipel, Stefan
Abstract: The considerable potential of rooftop photovoltaics (RPVs) for alleviating the high energy demand of cities has made them a proven technology in local energy networks. Identification of rooftop areas suitable for installing RPVs is of importance for energy planning. Having these suitable areas referred to as utilizable areas greatly assists in a reliable estimate of RPVs energy production. Within such a context, this research aims to propose a spatially detailed methodology that involves (a) automatic extraction of buildings footprint, (b) automatic segmentation of roof faces, and (c) automatic identification of utilizable areas of roof faces for solar infrastructure installation. Specifically, the innovations of this work are a new method for roof face segmentation and a new method for the identification of utilizable rooftop areas. The proposed methodology only requires digital surface models (DSMs) as input, and it is independent of other auxiliary spatial data to become more functional. A part of downtown Gothenburg composed of vegetation and high-rise buildings with complex shapes was selected to demonstrate the methodology performance. According to the experimental results, the proposed methodology has a high success rate in building extraction (about 95% correctness and completeness) and roof face segmentation (about 85% completeness and correctness). Additionally, the results suggest that the effects of roof occlusions and roof superstructures are satisfactorily considered in the identification of utilizable rooftop areas. Thus, the methodology is practically effective and relevant for the detailed RPVs assessments in arbitrary urban regions where only DSMs are accessible.
Published: 2022
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32. The Role of Religion, Spirituality and Fasting in Coping with Diabetes among Indian Migrants in Australia: A Qualitative Exploratory Study

Author: Ahmad, Akram, Khan, Muhammad Umair, Aslani, Parisa, Ahmad, Akram, Khan, Muhammad Umair, and Aslani, Parisa
Abstract: Australia has a high proportion of migrants, with an increasing migration rate from India. While many factors influence diabetes self-management among Indian migrants, very little is known about the influence of religious beliefs and spirituality. This study explored the religious beliefs of Indian migrants in Australia and the influence of those beliefs on their diabetes self-management. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 23 Indian migrants. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Most participants believed that prayers helped them alleviate stress and improve diabetes management participants also believed that receiving blessings/prayers from religious leaders prevent or cure diseases including diabetes. There were mixed views on beliefs about using insulin obtained from animal sources. Some participants were concerned about the use of animal-based insulin as it was against their religious beliefs and teachings. Some participants believed that religious fasting does not have any impact on their diabetes while others believed that it can be detrimental to their health. Religious beliefs therefore played an important role in how Indian migrants managed their diabetes. Healthcare professionals should consider their patients’ religious beliefs during consultations, enlist support, such as religious scholars, to better address people’s misconceptions, and identify strategies for effective diabetes management that consider religious beliefs.
Published: 2022

33. Optimising Chest X-Rays for Image Analysis by Identifying and Removing Confounding Factors

Author: Aslani, Shahab, Lilaonitkul, Watjana, Gnanananthan, Vaishnavi, Raj, Divya, Rangelov, Bojidar, Young, Alexandra L, Hu, Yipeng, Taylor, Paul, Alexander, Daniel C, Jacob, Joseph, Aslani, Shahab, Lilaonitkul, Watjana, Gnanananthan, Vaishnavi, Raj, Divya, Rangelov, Bojidar, Young, Alexandra L, Hu, Yipeng, Taylor, Paul, Alexander, Daniel C, and Jacob, Joseph
Abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the sheer volume of imaging performed in an emergency setting for COVID-19 diagnosis has resulted in a wide variability of clinical CXR acquisitions. This variation is seen in the CXR projections used, image annotations added and in the inspiratory effort and degree of rotation of clinical images. The image analysis community has attempted to ease the burden on overstretched radiology departments during the pandemic by developing automated COVID-19 diagnostic algorithms, the input for which has been CXR imaging. Large publicly available CXR datasets have been leveraged to improve deep learning algorithms for COVID-19 diagnosis. Yet the variable quality of clinically-acquired CXRs within publicly available datasets could have a profound effect on algorithm performance. COVID-19 diagnosis may be inferred by an algorithm from non-anatomical features on an image such as image labels. These imaging shortcuts may be dataset-specific and limit the generalisability of AI systems. Understanding and correcting key potential biases in CXR images is therefore an essential first step prior to CXR image analysis. In this study, we propose a simple and effective step-wise approach to pre-processing a COVID-19 chest X-ray dataset to remove undesired biases. We perform ablation studies to show the impact of each individual step. The results suggest that using our proposed pipeline could increase accuracy of the baseline COVID-19 detection algorithm by up to 13%.
Published: 2022

34. Semi-convergence of the APSS method for a class of nonsymmetric three-by-three singular saddle point problems

Author: Aslani, Hamed, Salkuyeh, Davod Khojasteh, Aslani, Hamed, and Salkuyeh, Davod Khojasteh
Abstract: For nonsymmetric block three-by-three singular saddle point problems arising from the Picard iteration method for a class of mixed finite element scheme, recently Salkuyeh et al. in (D.K. Salkuyeh, H. Aslani, Z.Z. Liang, An alternating positive semi-definite splitting preconditioner for the three-by-three block saddle point problems, Math. Commun. 26 (2021) 177-195) established an alternating positive semi-definite splitting (APSS) method. In this work, we analyse the semi-convergence of the APSS method for solving a class of nonsymmetric block three-by-three singular saddle point problems. The APSS induced preconditioner is applied to improve the semi-convergence rate of the flexible GMRES (FGMRES) method. Experimental results are designated to support the theoretical results. These results show that the served preconditioner is efficient compared with FGMRES without a preconditioner., Comment: 17 pages, submitted
Published: 2022

35. Deicer salt-scaling resistance of concrete using recycled concrete aggregates pretreated by silica fume slurry

Author: Sasanipour, Hossein, Aslani, Farhad, Taherinezhad, Javad, Sasanipour, Hossein, Aslani, Farhad, and Taherinezhad, Javad
Abstract: Highlights: - Salt-scaling resistance in the presence of recycled concrete aggregates, - A strong bond between RCAs and new mortar was obtained after a freeze-thaw test, - Pulse velocity after exposure to freezing-thawing cycles negligibly decreased, - The scaling rate increased with the increase in the water–cement ratio, - The electrical resistivity of concrete after exposure to cycles has been investigated. Concrete wastes such as recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) make up a significant part of construction and demolition waste (C&DW) which can be used to minimize usage of natural aggregates and reduce carbon footprint. This paper studies the salt-scaling resistance of recycled aggregate concrete produced with pretreated RCAs. The test method for evaluating salt-scaling resistance in concrete according to DIN EN 1340 : 2003 was performed. Four series of concrete mixes using natural aggregates, RCAs, manually pretreated RCA, and modified RCA in a desiccator were subjected to the different tests in terms of bulk electrical resistance in two directions (X and Y) before and after freeze-thaw cycles, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and weight loss of the surface layer of concrete specimens. Moreover, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of mixes was conducted and the microstructure of mixes considering the interface transition zone was studied. Results show that after exposure to cycles of freezing and thawing, the quality of concrete regarding ultrasonic pulse velocity did not change. The electrical resistance of specimens decreased significantly in X-direction and slightly in Y-direction after applying freeze-thaw cycles in all mixes. Nevertheless, surface modification of RCAs can increase electrical resistance and improve durability of concrete. SEM images show that the interface transition zone before and after freeze-thaw cycles remained unchanged which means strong bond between aggregate, new mortar, and old mortar. An estimation of the total charge passed indicated th
Published: 2022

36. Life-cycle assessment of fibre-reinforced polymers dwellings compared to traditional structures

Author: Valizadeh, Afsaneh, Aslani, Farhad, Valizadeh, Afsaneh, and Aslani, Farhad
Abstract: Fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP) have been presented as materials that possess properties that are comparable to conventional building materials, while also being more sustainable. This study describes the material and its properties and compares the materials using a life-cycle assessment (LCA) modelling approach. The objective of this paper is to perform a cradle-to-grave (from resource extraction to the disposal stage) analysis of pultruded FRP material and compare it to conventional building materials used in a typical dwelling. This analysis was conducted in accordance with LCA standard EN15978. A streamlined LCA was conducted, whereby the major impacts observed included the global warming potential in kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent and the embodied energy in megajoule net calorific value. The products compared with the FRP profiles were the most commonly used materials in a residential dwelling; bricks and timber. The results of the LCA modelling provided a comparative assertion of the FRPs to conventional materials by demonstrating that they perform better than double-brick dwellings and external timber framed walls in both environmental impact categories of global warming potential and embodied energy. The results shows that the FRP-walled house had the lowest emissions of carbon dioxide equivalent, which was around 17% lower than that of the double-brick wall and 1.46% less than that of the timber wall house.
Published: 2022

37. Non-destructive evaluation of mortar with ground granulated blast furnace slag blended cement using ultrasonic pulse velocity

Author: Loke, Chi Kang, Lehane, Barry, Aslani, Farhad, Majhi, Subhra, Mukherjee, Abhijit, Loke, Chi Kang, Lehane, Barry, Aslani, Farhad, Majhi, Subhra, and Mukherjee, Abhijit
Abstract: Non-destructive evaluation using ultrasonic pulse velocity (Vp) testing has extensive applications in the concrete industry. With advances in construction technology, the use of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) as a partial replacement to cement in a concrete mix is growing in popularity primarily because it reduces the initial capital cost of raw materials and the associated energy costs. This paper investigates the effect of the water-to-cement (wc) ratio and the cement content replaced by GGBFS on the development with time of the ultimate compressive strength ((Formula presented.)) and the compression wave velocity (Vp) of mortar. The results showed that in the case of mortar with higher percentages of GGBFS replacement (where nucleation surfaces are more abundant), increasing wc can increase (Formula presented.) but cause a decrease in Vp. The posterior hydration process is highly dependent upon the water particles in the mixture after the first stage of hydration. After 7 days of curing, experimental results show that the (Formula presented.) of slag blended cement mix design wc ratio of 0.6 surpassed the (Formula presented.) value of an Ordinary Portland cement. A regression model correlating the (Formula presented.) and Vp of slag blended mortar is developed, which can be used to predict (Formula presented.) at concrete ages ranging from 1 day to 28 days for mixes with GGBFS percentage replacement values ranging from 15 % to 45 %.
Published: 2022

38. Effect of carbon fibres on electromagnetic-interference-shielding properties of geopolymer composites

Author: Wanasinghe, Dimuthu, Aslani, Farhad, Ma, Guowei, Wanasinghe, Dimuthu, Aslani, Farhad, and Ma, Guowei
Abstract: Many of the construction materials available are known to cause a drastic level of damage to the environment during their manufacturing stages. Hence, many researchers have attempted to formulate construction materials that are more environmentally friendly. Additionally, the rise in wireless communications in recent decades has seen a rapid increase in electromagnetic pollution and interference, which affects the functionality of sensitive electronic devices. This research is focused on fabricating a more sustainable construction material that could prevent electromagnetic interference for electronic devices housed inside. Carbon fibres of three different lengths were added in four variations to a geopolymer control mix to study their effect on electromagnetic interference shielding. The results showed that the amount of shielding produced by these composites increases with carbon fibre length and quantity. Morphological analyses showed that the interconnectivity of the fibres plays a crucial role in having a high level of shielding. While the flexural strength showed an improvement with the addition of carbon fibre, the compressive strength showed a slight reduction with the increase in carbon fibre length. The optimal level of shielding was produced by the specimen containing 0.7 % of 12 mm carbon fibre, which was the maximum amount of fibre of any length used in this study; the optimal level of shielding generated was 43.43 dB within the frequency range of 30 MHz to 1.5 GHz.
Published: 2022

39. Mapping the development of various solar thermal technologies with hype cycle analysis

Author: Dehghanimadvar, M, Shirmohammadi, R, Ahmadi, F, Aslani, A, Khalilpour, KR, Dehghanimadvar, M, Shirmohammadi, R, Ahmadi, F, Aslani, A, and Khalilpour, KR
Abstract: This paper focuses on the technological development of solar thermal technologies through the analysis of patent records and search traffic. First, various solar thermal technologies are reviewed and discussed. Then, the related published patents are analysed. To improve the accuracy of patents retrieval, a new framework is proposed and employed based on the combination of keywords and keycodes. In this new framework, the proposed methodology can enhance the retrieved patent pool resolution by eliminating the patent with the relevant title but irrelevant technology scopes. Furthermore, new technological features such as technology attractiveness and acceleration are introduced and applied to solar thermal technologies. These two introduced features help to recognize interested areas by industrial players in the technological field. The pace of technology being developed and becoming matured could be identified by how fast the industry invests in technology by protecting its intellectual properties. The logistic S-curve is employed for assessing the current state of solar technologies on the technology life cycle. The market diffusion of each solar thermal technology is assessed by developing adoption curves using search traffic. Finally, the hype cycle of solar thermal technologies is demonstrated by combining the two technological assessment graphs. Through the proposed methodology, 8740 related patents are retrieved and screened. The analysis shows that Photovoltaic-thermal has the highest share in published patents and the parabolic trough and evacuated tube collectors are in their maturity phase. The parabolic dish collector is identified as one of the highest accelerated technologies and also located near the maturity phase. Therefore, it can be predicted that the next technology reaching the maturity phase would be the parabolic dish collector. Overall, all solar-heat driver cycles are in their growth stage, but the Rankine cycle is more developed. Text analys
Published: 2022

40. Enhancing Cancer Prediction in Challenging Screen-Detected Incident Lung Nodules Using Time-Series Deep Learning

Author: Aslani, Shahab, Alluri, Pavan, Gudmundsson, Eyjolfur, Chandy, Edward, McCabe, John, Devaraj, Anand, Horst, Carolyn, Janes, Sam M, Chakkara, Rahul, Nair, Arjun, Alexander, Daniel C, consortium, SUMMIT, Jacob, Joseph, Aslani, Shahab, Alluri, Pavan, Gudmundsson, Eyjolfur, Chandy, Edward, McCabe, John, Devaraj, Anand, Horst, Carolyn, Janes, Sam M, Chakkara, Rahul, Nair, Arjun, Alexander, Daniel C, consortium, SUMMIT, and Jacob, Joseph
Abstract: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Lung cancer screening (LCS) using annual low-dose computed tomography (CT) scanning has been proven to significantly reduce lung cancer mortality by detecting cancerous lung nodules at an earlier stage. Improving risk stratification of malignancy risk in lung nodules can be enhanced using machine/deep learning algorithms. However most existing algorithms: a) have primarily assessed single time-point CT data alone thereby failing to utilize the inherent advantages contained within longitudinal imaging datasets; b) have not integrated into computer models pertinent clinical data that might inform risk prediction; c) have not assessed algorithm performance on the spectrum of nodules that are most challenging for radiologists to interpret and where assistance from analytic tools would be most beneficial. Here we show the performance of our time-series deep learning model (DeepCAD-NLM-L) which integrates multi-model information across three longitudinal data domains: nodule-specific, lung-specific, and clinical demographic data. We compared our time-series deep learning model to a) radiologist performance on CTs from the National Lung Screening Trial enriched with the most challenging nodules for diagnosis; b) a nodule management algorithm from a North London LCS study (SUMMIT). Our model demonstrated comparable and complementary performance to radiologists when interpreting challenging lung nodules and showed improved performance (AUC=88\%) against models utilizing single time-point data only. The results emphasise the importance of time-series, multi-modal analysis when interpreting malignancy risk in LCS.
Published: 2022

41. A block triangular preconditioner for a class of three-by-three block saddle point problems

Author: Aslani, Hamed, Salkuyeh, Davod Khojasteh, Aslani, Hamed, and Salkuyeh, Davod Khojasteh
Abstract: This paper deals with solving a class of three-by-three block saddle point problems. The systems are solved by preconditioning techniques. Based on an iterative method, we construct a block upper triangular preconditioner. The convergence of the presented method is studied in details. Finally, some numerical experiments are given to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed preconditioner over some existing ones., Comment: 13 pages, submitted
Published: 2022

42. MIX-MAB: Reinforcement Learning-based Resource Allocation Algorithm for LoRaWAN

Author: Azizi, Farzad, Teymuri, Benyamin, Aslani, Rojin, Rasti, Mehdi, Tolvanen, Jesse, Nardelli, Pedro H. J., Azizi, Farzad, Teymuri, Benyamin, Aslani, Rojin, Rasti, Mehdi, Tolvanen, Jesse, and Nardelli, Pedro H. J.
Abstract: This paper focuses on improving the resource allocation algorithm in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR), i.e., the number of successfully received packets sent by end devices (EDs) in a long-range wide-area network (LoRaWAN). Setting the transmission parameters significantly affects the PDR. Employing reinforcement learning (RL), we propose a resource allocation algorithm that enables the EDs to configure their transmission parameters in a distributed manner. We model the resource allocation problem as a multi-armed bandit (MAB) and then address it by proposing a two-phase algorithm named MIX-MAB, which consists of the exponential weights for exploration and exploitation (EXP3) and successive elimination (SE) algorithms. We evaluate the MIX-MAB performance through simulation results and compare it with other existing approaches. Numerical results show that the proposed solution performs better than the existing schemes in terms of convergence time and PDR.
Published: 2022

43. Exendin-4 as a versatile therapeutic agent for the amelioration of diabetic changes

Author: Rajabi, Hadi, Ahmadi, Mahdi; Aslani, Somayeh; Saberianpour, Shirin; Rahbarghazi, Reza, Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM) / Koç Üniversitesi Translasyonel Tıp Araştırma Merkezi (KUTTAM), Graduate School of Health Sciences, Rajabi, Hadi, Ahmadi, Mahdi; Aslani, Somayeh; Saberianpour, Shirin; Rahbarghazi, Reza, Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM) / Koç Üniversitesi Translasyonel Tıp Araştırma Merkezi (KUTTAM), and Graduate School of Health Sciences
Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic abnormality leading to microvascular and macrovascular complications. Non-insulin Incretin mimic synthetic peptide exendin-4 was introduced as an anti-diabetic drug which helped diabetic patients with triggering insulin secretion; further researches have revealed an effective role of exendin-4 in treatment of T2DM related diseases. Exendin-4 is approximately similar to Glucagon like peptide, thus it can bind to the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and activated different signaling pathways that are involved in various bioactivides such as apoptosis, insulin secretion and inactivation of microglial. In this review, we investigated the interesting role of exendin-4 in various kinds of T2DM related disorders through the activation of different signaling pathways., NA
Published: 2022

44. Video-reflexive ethnography applications in pharmacy and health services research

Author: Desselle, S, Garcia Cardenas, V, Anderson, C, Aslani, P, Chen, A, Chen, T, Yong, FR, Hor, S-Y, Bajorek, B, Desselle, S, Garcia Cardenas, V, Anderson, C, Aslani, P, Chen, A, Chen, T, Yong, FR, Hor, S-Y, and Bajorek, B
Abstract: Video-reflexive ethnography (VRE) is a well-established qualitative methodology that seeks to explore the complex nature of healthcare “as it really is.” Its collaborative and reflexive process invites participants to coanalyze their everyday work practices as captured on video footage. Through close collaboration with practitioners and attention to their work contexts, VRE may be a useful methodology to engage a time-poor pharmacy workforce in practice-based research. VRE is also an effective intervention to facilitate learning and change in healthcare settings, and could provoke change in otherwise resistant pharmacy environments. In this chapter, we outline the rationale for participatory methods, specifically VRE, within pharmacy practice research, along with a description of the core principles of VRE. We then describe one application and adaptation of the method in pharmacy research: a study exploring visible and less apparent pharmacist work in Australian community pharmacies during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Published: 2022

45. Towards revealing the global diversity and community assembly of soil eukaryotes

Author: Aslani, Farzad, Geisen, S.A., Ning, Daliang, Tedersoo, Leho, Bahram, Mohammad, Aslani, Farzad, Geisen, S.A., Ning, Daliang, Tedersoo, Leho, and Bahram, Mohammad
Abstract: Soil fungi, protists, and animals (i.e., the eukaryome) play a critical role in key ecosystem functions in terrestrial ecosystems. Yet, we lack a holistic understanding of the processes shaping the global distribution of the eukaryome. We conducted a molecular analysis of 193 composite soil samples spanning the world's major biomes. Our analysis showed that the importance of selection processes was higher in the community assemblage of smaller-bodied and wider niche breadth organisms. Soil pH and mean annual precipitation were the primary determinants of the community structure of eukaryotic microbes and animals, respectively. We further found contrasting latitudinal diversity patterns and strengths for soil eukaryotic microbes and animals. Our results point to a potential link between body size and niche breadth of soil eukaryotes and the relative effect of ecological processes and environmental factors in driving their biogeographic patterns.
Published: 2022

46. Methodological and disciplinary competence and insecurity in qualitative research

Author: Desselle, Shane P., Garcia-Cárdenas, Victoria, Anderson, Claire, Aslani, Parisa, Chen, Aleda M.H., Chen, Timothy F., Kälvemark Sporrong, Sofia, Kaae, Susanne, Nørgaard, Lotte Stig, Møllebæk, Mathias, Cantarero Arevalo, Lourdes, Druedahl, Louise C., Waaseth, Marit, Ljungberg Persson, Christina, Bekker, Charlotte L., Falby Lindell, Johanna, Desselle, Shane P., Garcia-Cárdenas, Victoria, Anderson, Claire, Aslani, Parisa, Chen, Aleda M.H., Chen, Timothy F., Kälvemark Sporrong, Sofia, Kaae, Susanne, Nørgaard, Lotte Stig, Møllebæk, Mathias, Cantarero Arevalo, Lourdes, Druedahl, Louise C., Waaseth, Marit, Ljungberg Persson, Christina, Bekker, Charlotte L., and Falby Lindell, Johanna
Abstract: This chapter is based on discussions at a workshop at the Nordic Social Pharmacy Conference in 2019, named How do we know it’s good? A workshop on quality criteria in qualitative social and clinical pharmacy research. After an introduction, the chapter continues with a glance at two different epistemologies. Thereafter, reflections on the challenges that many social pharmacy researchers meet as they come from a natural science background into qualitative research are presented. Specific aspects presented and discussed are: methodological and disciplinary competence and insecurity, reflexivity, transparency, checklists, quality criteria, sample size, and saturation.
Published: 2022

47. Exploring factors influencing initiation, implementation and discontinuation of medications in adults with ADHD

Author: Khan, Muhammad Umair, Aslani, Parisa, Khan, Muhammad Umair, and Aslani, Parisa
Abstract: Background: Adherence to ADHD medication is a complex phenomenon as the decision to adhere is influenced by a range of factors. To design tailored interventions to promote adherence, it is important to understand the factors that influence adherence in the context of its three phases: initiation, implementation and discontinuation. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the phase-specific factors that influence adherence to medication in adults who have a diagnosis of ADHD. Methods: Three focus groups (FGs) were conducted with twenty adults with ADHD in different metropolitan areas of Sydney, Australia. FGs were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Results: Participants’ decision to initiate medication (the initiation phase) was influenced by their perceived needs (desire to improve academic and social functioning) and concerns (fear of side-effects) about medication following a similar process as defined by the Necessity-Concerns Framework (NCF). The balance between benefits of medication (needs) and side-effects (concerns) continued to determine participants’ daily medication-taking (the implementation phase) and persistence (or discontinuation) with their medication. Forgetfulness and stigma were reported as concerns negatively impacting the implementation phase, while medication cost and dependence influenced the discontinuation phase of adherence. Conclusions: Adults’ decision to initiate, continue or discontinue medication is influenced by a range of factors; some are unique to each phase while some are common across the phases. Participants balanced the needs for the medication against their concerns in determining whether to adhere to medication at each phase. It appears that the NCF has applicability when decision making about medication is explored at the three phases of adherence.
Published: 2021

48. A Qualitative Study on Medication Taking Behaviour Among People With Diabetes in Australia

Author: Ahmad, Akram, Khan, Muhammad Umair, Aslani, Parisa, Ahmad, Akram, Khan, Muhammad Umair, and Aslani, Parisa
Abstract: Background: Australia has a high proportion of migrants with an increasing migration rate from India. Type II diabetes is a long-term condition common amongst the Indian population. Aims: To investigate patients’ medication-taking behaviour and factors that influence adherence at the three phases of adherence. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 23 Indian migrants living in Sydney. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Results: 1) Initiation: The majority of participants were initially prescribed oral antidiabetic medicine and only two were started on insulin. Most started taking their medicine immediately while some delayed initiating therapy due to fear of side-effects. 2) Implementation: Most participants reported taking their medicine as prescribed. However, some reported forgetting their medicine especially when they were in a hurry for work or were out for social events. 3) Discontinuation: A few participants discontinued taking their medicine. Those who discontinued did so to try Ayurvedic medicine. Their trial continued for a few weeks to a few years. Those who did not receive expected results from the Ayurvedic medicine restarted their prescribed conventional medicine. Conclusion: A range of medication-taking behaviours were observed, ranging from delays in initiation to long-term discontinuation, and swapping of prescribed medicine with Ayurvedic medicine. This study highlights the need for tailored interventions, including education, that focus on factors that impact medication adherence from initiation to discontinuation of therapy.
Published: 2021

49. Nano- and micro-scale characterisation of interfacial transition zone (ITZ) of high volume slag and slag-fly ash blended concretes containing nano SiO2 and nano CaCO3

Author: Hosan, Anwar, Shaikh, Faiz Uddin Ahmed, Sarker, Prabir, Aslani, Farhad, Hosan, Anwar, Shaikh, Faiz Uddin Ahmed, Sarker, Prabir, and Aslani, Farhad
Abstract: © 2020 Elsevier Ltd There is a strong demand of higher volume replacement of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in concrete and cementitious composites by supplementary cementitious materials such as blast furnace slag (BFS) and fly ash (FA) to reduce their carbon footprint. This paper presents the effect of addition of nano calcium carbonate (NC) and nano silica (NS) on improving the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) of high volume slag (HVS) and high volume slag-fly ash (HVS-FA) blended concretes. Nanoindentation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques were used to characterise the nano- and microstructure of the ITZ area between aggregates and matrix. Results show that the addition of NC and NS improved the modulus and hardness of hydration products in the ITZ area of matrix of HVS and HVS-FA concretes. The thickness of ITZ is also reduced in those concretes due to addition of NS and NC. SEM and EDS analysis also confirm the above observation where dense microstructure with less voids and micro cracks and higher peaks of Ca, Si and Al were observed. The observed improvement of 28 days compressive strengths of the HVS and HVS-FA concretes due to addition of NC and NS also correlated well with the improvement of microstructures of ITZ area.
Published: 2021

50. The Role of Religion, Spirituality and Fasting in Coping with Diabetes among Indian Migrants in Australia: A Qualitative Exploratory Study

Author: Ahmad, Akram, Khan, Muhammad Umair, Aslani, Parisa, Ahmad, Akram, Khan, Muhammad Umair, and Aslani, Parisa
Abstract: Australia has a high proportion of migrants, with an increasing migration rate from India. While many factors influence diabetes self-management among Indian migrants, very little is known about the influence of religious beliefs and spirituality. This study explored the religious beliefs of Indian migrants in Australia and the influence of those beliefs on their diabetes self-management. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 23 Indian migrants. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Most participants believed that prayers helped them alleviate stress and improve diabetes management participants also believed that receiving blessings/prayers from religious leaders prevent or cure diseases including diabetes. There were mixed views on beliefs about using insulin obtained from animal sources. Some participants were concerned about the use of animal-based insulin as it was against their religious beliefs and teachings. Some participants believed that religious fasting does not have any impact on their diabetes while others believed that it can be detrimental to their health. Religious beliefs therefore played an important role in how Indian migrants managed their diabetes. Healthcare professionals should consider their patients’ religious beliefs during consultations, enlist support, such as religious scholars, to better address people’s misconceptions, and identify strategies for effective diabetes management that consider religious beliefs.
Published: 2021

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