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34 results on '"Alt, Kurt W."'

1. Prevalence of taurodontism in a modern Austrian sample

Author: Alt, Kurt W., Wiesinger, Marina, Nicklisch, Nicole, Alt, Kurt W., Wiesinger, Marina, and Nicklisch, Nicole
Abstract: Taurodontism is a dental condition characterized by an abnormality in the tooth root formation, believed to be caused by defects in the invagination of the Hertwig epithelial sheath during root development. It is characterized by an enlarged, apically displaced pulp chamber, short roots, and a lack of constriction at the enamel-cementum junction. Taurodontism is classified into three degrees: hypo-, meso- and hypertaurodontism. The data was collected by measuring the height of the pulp chamber in relation to the length of the pulp chamber roof to the apex of the longest root in multirooted teeth. In this study, 1,000 panoramic radiographs (PAN) from a dental practice in Upper Austria were evaluated according to the classification of Shifman and Chanannel (1978). Hypotaurodontism was not recorded. Among the subjects evaluated, 5.9% were affected by taurodontism, and the prevalence of taurodontic teeth was 1.4%. It was found that slightly more women than men exhibited the presence of taurodontism. Mesotaurodontism was identified in 43 subjects (4.3%), hypertaurodontism in eight subjects (0.8%), and both forms were present in eight cases (0.8%). The anomaly occurred significantly more frequently in the maxilla than in the mandible. The prevalence of taurodontism varies considerably worldwide due to several factors: the use of different classifications, sample sizes, variable inclusion and exclusion criteria, and population genetic reasons. Clinically, taurodontism complicates procedures such as extractions, endodontic, prosthodontic, periodontal and orthodontic treatments, which underscores its relevance in dental practice.
Published: 2023

2. A Healthier Smile in the Past? Dental Caries and Diet in Early Neolithic Farming Communities from Central Germany.

Author: Nicklisch, Nicole, Nicklisch, Nicole, Oelze, Vicky M, Schierz, Oliver, Meller, Harald, Alt, Kurt W, Nicklisch, Nicole, Nicklisch, Nicole, Oelze, Vicky M, Schierz, Oliver, Meller, Harald, and Alt, Kurt W
Abstract: Dental health is closely linked to an individual's health and diet. This bioarcheological study presents dental caries and stable isotope data obtained from prehistoric individuals (n = 101) from three Early Neolithic sites (c. 5500-4800 BCE) in central Germany. Dental caries and ante-mortem tooth loss (AMTL) were recorded and related to life history traits such as biological sex and age at death. Further, we correlate evidence on caries to carbon and nitrogen isotope data obtained from 83 individuals to assess the relationship between diet and caries. In 68.3% of the adults, carious lesions were present, with 10.3% of teeth affected. If AMTL is considered, the values increase by about 3%. The prevalence of subadults (18.4%) was significantly lower, with 1.8% carious teeth. The number of carious teeth correlated significantly with age but not sex. The isotopic data indicated an omnivorous terrestrial diet composed of domestic plants and animal derived protein but did not correlate with the prevalence of carious lesions. The combined evidence from caries and isotope analysis suggests a prevalence of starchy foods such as cereals in the diet of these early farmers, which aligns well with observations from other Early Neolithic sites but contrasts to Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age populations in Germany.
Published: 2022

3. Nutrition and Health in Human Evolution-Past to Present

Author: Alt, Kurt W and Alt, Kurt W
Abstract: Anyone who wants to understand the biological nature of humans and their special characteristics must look far back into evolutionary history. Today's way of life is drastically different from that of our ancestors. For almost 99% of human history, gathering and hunting have been the basis of nutrition. It was not until about 12,000 years ago that humans began domesticating plants and animals. Bioarchaeologically and biochemically, this can be traced back to our earliest roots. Modern living conditions and the quality of human life are better today than ever before. However, neither physically nor psychosocially have we made this adjustment and we are paying a high health price for it. The studies presented allow us to reconstruct food supply, lifestyles, and dietary habits: from the earliest primates, through hunter-gatherers of the Paleolithic, farming communities since the beginning of the Anthropocene, to the Industrial Age and the present. The comprehensive data pool allows extraction of all findings of medical relevance. Our recent lifestyle and diet are essentially determined by our culture rather than by our millions of years of ancestry. Culture is permanently in a dominant position compared to natural evolution. Thereby culture does not form a contrast to nature but represents its result. There is no doubt that we are biologically adapted to culture, but it is questionable how much culture humans can cope with
Published: 2022

4. Genomic transformation and social organization during the Copper Age-Bronze Age transition in southern Iberia

Author: Geografía, prehistoria y arqueología, Geografia,historiaurrea eta arkeologia, Villalba Mouco, Vanessa, Oliart, Camila, Rihuete Herrada, Cristina, Childebayeva, Anesh, Rohrlach, Adam B., Fregeiro, Inés María, Celdrán Beltrán, Eva, Velasco Felipe, Carlos, Aron, Franziska, Himmel, Marie, Freund, Caecilia, Alt, Kurt W., Salazar García, Domingo Carlos, García Atienzar, Gabriel, De Miguel-Ibáñez, María Paz, Hernández Pérez, Mauro S., Barciela, Virginia, Romero, Alejandro, Ponce, Juana, Martínez Rodríguez, Andrés, Lomba Maurandi, Joaquín, Soler Díaz, Jorge, Pujante Martínez, Ana, Avilés Fernández, Azucena, Haber Uriarte, María, Roca de Togores Muñoz, Consuelo, Olalde Marquínez, Iñigo, Laluez Fox, Carles, Reich, David, Krause, Johannes, García Sanjuán, Leonardo, Llul Santiago, Vicente, Micó Pérez, Rafael, Risch, Roberto, Haak, Wolfgang, Geografía, prehistoria y arqueología, Geografia,historiaurrea eta arkeologia, Villalba Mouco, Vanessa, Oliart, Camila, Rihuete Herrada, Cristina, Childebayeva, Anesh, Rohrlach, Adam B., Fregeiro, Inés María, Celdrán Beltrán, Eva, Velasco Felipe, Carlos, Aron, Franziska, Himmel, Marie, Freund, Caecilia, Alt, Kurt W., Salazar García, Domingo Carlos, García Atienzar, Gabriel, De Miguel-Ibáñez, María Paz, Hernández Pérez, Mauro S., Barciela, Virginia, Romero, Alejandro, Ponce, Juana, Martínez Rodríguez, Andrés, Lomba Maurandi, Joaquín, Soler Díaz, Jorge, Pujante Martínez, Ana, Avilés Fernández, Azucena, Haber Uriarte, María, Roca de Togores Muñoz, Consuelo, Olalde Marquínez, Iñigo, Laluez Fox, Carles, Reich, David, Krause, Johannes, García Sanjuán, Leonardo, Llul Santiago, Vicente, Micó Pérez, Rafael, Risch, Roberto, and Haak, Wolfgang
Abstract: [EN]The emerging Bronze Age (BA) of southeastern Iberia saw marked social changes. Late Copper Age (CA) settlements were abandoned in favor of hilltop sites, and collective graves were largely replaced by single or double burials with often distinctive grave goods indirectly reflecting a hierarchical social organization, as exemplified by the BA El Argar group. We explored this transition from a genomic viewpoint by tripling the amount of data available for this period. Concomitant with the rise of El Argar starting similar to 2200 cal BCE, we observe a complete turnover of Y-chromosome lineages along with the arrival of steppe-related ancestry. This pattern is consistent with a founder effect in male lineages, supported by our finding that males shared more relatives at sites than females. However, simple two-source models do not find support in some El Argar groups, suggesting additional genetic contributions from the Mediterranean that could predate the BA.
Published: 2021

5. Genomic transformation and social organization during the Copper Age–Bronze Age transition in southern Iberia

Author: Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Filología Griega y Filología Latina, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Oliart, Camila, Rihuete-Herrada, Cristina, Childebayeva, Ainash, Rohrlach, Adam B., Fregeiro, María-Inés, Celdrán Beltrán, Eva, Velasco-Felipe, Carlos, Aron, Franziska, Himmel, Marie, Freund, Caecilia, Alt, Kurt W., Salazar-García, Domingo C., García Atiénzar, Gabriel, Miguel Ibáñez, María Paz de, Hernández Pérez, Mauro S., Barciela, Virginia, Romero, Alejandro, Ponce, Juana, Martínez, Andrés, Lomba Maurandi, Joaquín, Soler, Jorge, Pujante, Ana, Avilés Fernández, Azucena, Haber-Uriarte, María, Roca de Togores Muñoz, Consuelo, Olalde, Iñigo, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, Reich, David, Krause, Johannes, García Sanjuán, Leonardo, Lull, Vicente, Micó, Rafael, Risch, Roberto, Haak, Wolfgang, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Filología Griega y Filología Latina, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Oliart, Camila, Rihuete-Herrada, Cristina, Childebayeva, Ainash, Rohrlach, Adam B., Fregeiro, María-Inés, Celdrán Beltrán, Eva, Velasco-Felipe, Carlos, Aron, Franziska, Himmel, Marie, Freund, Caecilia, Alt, Kurt W., Salazar-García, Domingo C., García Atiénzar, Gabriel, Miguel Ibáñez, María Paz de, Hernández Pérez, Mauro S., Barciela, Virginia, Romero, Alejandro, Ponce, Juana, Martínez, Andrés, Lomba Maurandi, Joaquín, Soler, Jorge, Pujante, Ana, Avilés Fernández, Azucena, Haber-Uriarte, María, Roca de Togores Muñoz, Consuelo, Olalde, Iñigo, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, Reich, David, Krause, Johannes, García Sanjuán, Leonardo, Lull, Vicente, Micó, Rafael, Risch, Roberto, and Haak, Wolfgang
Abstract: The emerging Bronze Age (BA) of southeastern Iberia saw marked social changes. Late Copper Age (CA) settlements were abandoned in favor of hilltop sites, and collective graves were largely replaced by single or double burials with often distinctive grave goods indirectly reflecting a hierarchical social organization, as exemplified by the BA El Argar group. We explored this transition from a genomic viewpoint by tripling the amount of data available for this period. Concomitant with the rise of El Argar starting ~2200 cal BCE, we observe a complete turnover of Y-chromosome lineages along with the arrival of steppe-related ancestry. This pattern is consistent with a founder effect in male lineages, supported by our finding that males shared more relatives at sites than females. However, simple two-source models do not find support in some El Argar groups, suggesting additional genetic contributions from the Mediterranean that could predate the BA.
Published: 2021

6. Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution

Author: Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Filología Griega y Filología Latina, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico, Kocher, Arthur, Papac, Luka, Barquera, Rodrigo, Key, Felix M., Spyrou, Maria A., Hübler, Ron, Rohrlach, Adam B., Aron, Franziska, Stahl, Raphaela, Wissgott, Antje, van Bömmel, Florian, Pfefferkorn, Maria, Mittnik, Alissa, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Neumann, Gunnar U., Rivollat, Maïté, van de Loosdrecht, Marieke S., Majander, Kerttu, Tukhbatova, Rezeda I., Musralina, Lyazzat, Ghalichi, Ayshin, Penske, Sandra, Sabin, Susanna, Michel, Megan, Gretzinger, Joscha, Nelson, Elizabeth A., Ferraz, Tiago, Nägele, Kathrin, Parker, Cody, Keller, Marcel, Guevara, Evelyn K., Feldman, Michal, Eisenmann, Stefanie, Skourtanioti, Eirini, Giffin, Karen, Gnecchi-Ruscone, Guido Alberto, Friederich, Susanne, Schimmenti, Vittoria, Khartanovich, Valery, Karapetian, Marina K., Chaplygin, Mikhail S., Kufterin, Vladimir V., Khokhlov, Aleksandr A., Chizhevsky, Andrey A., Stashenkov, Dmitry A., Kochkina, Anna F., Tejedor-Rodríguez, Cristina, García-Martínez-de-Lagrán, Íñigo, Arcusa Magallón, Héctor, Garrido-Pena, Rafael, Royo-Guillén, José I., Nováček, Jan, Rottier, Stéphane, Kacki, Sacha, Saintot, Sylvie, Kaverzneva, Elena, Belinskiy, Andrej B., Velemínský, Petr, Limburský, Petr, Kostka, Michal, Loe, Louise, Popescu, Elizabeth, Clarke, Rachel, Lyons, Alice, Mortimer, Richard, Sajantila, Antti, Chinique de Armas, Yadira, Hernandez Godoy, Silvia Teresita, Hernández-Zaragoza, Diana I., Pearson, Jessica, Binder, Didier, Lefranc, Philippe, Kantorovich, Anatoly R., Maslov, Vladimir E., Lai, Luca, Zoledziewska, Magdalena, Beckett, Jessica F., Langová, Michaela, Danielisová, Alžběta, Ingman, Tara, García Atiénzar, Gabriel, Miguel Ibáñez, María Paz de, Romero, Alejandro, Sperduti, Alessandra, Beckett, Sophie, Salter, Susannah J., Zilivinskaya, Emma D., Vasilev, Dmitry V., von Heyking, Kristin, Burger, Richard L., Salazar, Lucy C., Amkreutz, Luc, Navruzbekov, Masnav, Rosenstock, Eva, Alonso-Fernández, Carmen, Slavchev, Vladimir, Kalmykov, Alexey A., Atabiev, Biaslan Ch., Batieva, Elena, Alvarez Calmet, Micaela, Llamas, Bastien, Schultz, Michael, Krauß, Raiko, Jiménez Echevarría, Javier, Francken, Michael, Shnaider, Svetlana, de Knijff, Peter, Altena, Eveline, Van de Vijver, Katrien, Fehren-Schmitz, Lars, Tung, Tiffiny A., Lösch, Sandra, Dobrovolskaya, Maria, Makarov, Nikolaj, Read, Chris, Van Twest, Melanie, Sagona, Claudia, Ramsl, Peter C., Akar, Murat, Yener, K. Aslihan, Carmona Ballestero, Eduardo, Cucca, Francesco, Mazzarello, Vittorio, Utrilla, Pilar, Rademaker, Kurt, Fernández Domínguez, Eva, Baird, Douglas, Semal, Patrick, Márquez-Morfín, Lourdes, Roksandic, Mirjana, Steiner, Hubert, Salazar-García, Domingo C., Shishlina, Natalia, Erdal, Yilmaz Selim, Hallgren, Fredrik, Boyadzhiev, Yavor, Boyadzhiev, Kamen, Küßner, Mario, Sayer, Duncan, Onkamo, Päivi, Skeates, Robin, Rojo-Guerra, Manuel A., Buzhilova, Alexandra, Khussainova, Elmira, Djansugurova, Leyla B., Beisenov, Arman Z., Samashev, Zainolla, Massy, Ken, Mannino, Marcello, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Mannermaa, Kristiina, Balanovsky, Oleg, Deguilloux, Marie-France, Reinhold, Sabine, Hansen, Svend, Kitov, Egor P., Dobeš, Miroslav, Ernée, Michal, Meller, Harald, Alt, Kurt W., Prüfer, Kay, Warinner, Christina, Schiffels, Stephan, Stockhammer, Philipp W., Bos, Kirsten, Posth, Cosimo, Herbig, Alexander, Haak, Wolfgang, Krause, Johannes, Kühnert, Denise, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Filología Griega y Filología Latina, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico, Kocher, Arthur, Papac, Luka, Barquera, Rodrigo, Key, Felix M., Spyrou, Maria A., Hübler, Ron, Rohrlach, Adam B., Aron, Franziska, Stahl, Raphaela, Wissgott, Antje, van Bömmel, Florian, Pfefferkorn, Maria, Mittnik, Alissa, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Neumann, Gunnar U., Rivollat, Maïté, van de Loosdrecht, Marieke S., Majander, Kerttu, Tukhbatova, Rezeda I., Musralina, Lyazzat, Ghalichi, Ayshin, Penske, Sandra, Sabin, Susanna, Michel, Megan, Gretzinger, Joscha, Nelson, Elizabeth A., Ferraz, Tiago, Nägele, Kathrin, Parker, Cody, Keller, Marcel, Guevara, Evelyn K., Feldman, Michal, Eisenmann, Stefanie, Skourtanioti, Eirini, Giffin, Karen, Gnecchi-Ruscone, Guido Alberto, Friederich, Susanne, Schimmenti, Vittoria, Khartanovich, Valery, Karapetian, Marina K., Chaplygin, Mikhail S., Kufterin, Vladimir V., Khokhlov, Aleksandr A., Chizhevsky, Andrey A., Stashenkov, Dmitry A., Kochkina, Anna F., Tejedor-Rodríguez, Cristina, García-Martínez-de-Lagrán, Íñigo, Arcusa Magallón, Héctor, Garrido-Pena, Rafael, Royo-Guillén, José I., Nováček, Jan, Rottier, Stéphane, Kacki, Sacha, Saintot, Sylvie, Kaverzneva, Elena, Belinskiy, Andrej B., Velemínský, Petr, Limburský, Petr, Kostka, Michal, Loe, Louise, Popescu, Elizabeth, Clarke, Rachel, Lyons, Alice, Mortimer, Richard, Sajantila, Antti, Chinique de Armas, Yadira, Hernandez Godoy, Silvia Teresita, Hernández-Zaragoza, Diana I., Pearson, Jessica, Binder, Didier, Lefranc, Philippe, Kantorovich, Anatoly R., Maslov, Vladimir E., Lai, Luca, Zoledziewska, Magdalena, Beckett, Jessica F., Langová, Michaela, Danielisová, Alžběta, Ingman, Tara, García Atiénzar, Gabriel, Miguel Ibáñez, María Paz de, Romero, Alejandro, Sperduti, Alessandra, Beckett, Sophie, Salter, Susannah J., Zilivinskaya, Emma D., Vasilev, Dmitry V., von Heyking, Kristin, Burger, Richard L., Salazar, Lucy C., Amkreutz, Luc, Navruzbekov, Masnav, Rosenstock, Eva, Alonso-Fernández, Carmen, Slavchev, Vladimir, Kalmykov, Alexey A., Atabiev, Biaslan Ch., Batieva, Elena, Alvarez Calmet, Micaela, Llamas, Bastien, Schultz, Michael, Krauß, Raiko, Jiménez Echevarría, Javier, Francken, Michael, Shnaider, Svetlana, de Knijff, Peter, Altena, Eveline, Van de Vijver, Katrien, Fehren-Schmitz, Lars, Tung, Tiffiny A., Lösch, Sandra, Dobrovolskaya, Maria, Makarov, Nikolaj, Read, Chris, Van Twest, Melanie, Sagona, Claudia, Ramsl, Peter C., Akar, Murat, Yener, K. Aslihan, Carmona Ballestero, Eduardo, Cucca, Francesco, Mazzarello, Vittorio, Utrilla, Pilar, Rademaker, Kurt, Fernández Domínguez, Eva, Baird, Douglas, Semal, Patrick, Márquez-Morfín, Lourdes, Roksandic, Mirjana, Steiner, Hubert, Salazar-García, Domingo C., Shishlina, Natalia, Erdal, Yilmaz Selim, Hallgren, Fredrik, Boyadzhiev, Yavor, Boyadzhiev, Kamen, Küßner, Mario, Sayer, Duncan, Onkamo, Päivi, Skeates, Robin, Rojo-Guerra, Manuel A., Buzhilova, Alexandra, Khussainova, Elmira, Djansugurova, Leyla B., Beisenov, Arman Z., Samashev, Zainolla, Massy, Ken, Mannino, Marcello, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Mannermaa, Kristiina, Balanovsky, Oleg, Deguilloux, Marie-France, Reinhold, Sabine, Hansen, Svend, Kitov, Egor P., Dobeš, Miroslav, Ernée, Michal, Meller, Harald, Alt, Kurt W., Prüfer, Kay, Warinner, Christina, Schiffels, Stephan, Stockhammer, Philipp W., Bos, Kirsten, Posth, Cosimo, Herbig, Alexander, Haak, Wolfgang, Krause, Johannes, and Kühnert, Denise
Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for ~4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic.
Published: 2021

7. Genomic transformation and social organization during the Copper Age-Bronze Age transition in southern Iberia

Author: Geografía, prehistoria y arqueología, Geografia,historiaurrea eta arkeologia, Villalba Mouco, Vanessa, Oliart, Camila, Rihuete Herrada, Cristina, Childebayeva, Anesh, Rohrlach, Adam B., Fregeiro, Inés María, Celdrán Beltrán, Eva, Velasco Felipe, Carlos, Aron, Franziska, Himmel, Marie, Freund, Caecilia, Alt, Kurt W., Salazar García, Domingo Carlos, García Atienzar, Gabriel, De Miguel-Ibáñez, María Paz, Hernández Pérez, Mauro S., Barciela, Virginia, Romero, Alejandro, Ponce, Juana, Martínez Rodríguez, Andrés, Lomba Maurandi, Joaquín, Soler Díaz, Jorge, Pujante Martínez, Ana, Avilés Fernández, Azucena, Haber Uriarte, María, Roca de Togores Muñoz, Consuelo, Olalde Marquínez, Iñigo, Laluez Fox, Carles, Reich, David, Krause, Johannes, García Sanjuán, Leonardo, Llul Santiago, Vicente, Micó Pérez, Rafael, Risch, Roberto, Haak, Wolfgang, Geografía, prehistoria y arqueología, Geografia,historiaurrea eta arkeologia, Villalba Mouco, Vanessa, Oliart, Camila, Rihuete Herrada, Cristina, Childebayeva, Anesh, Rohrlach, Adam B., Fregeiro, Inés María, Celdrán Beltrán, Eva, Velasco Felipe, Carlos, Aron, Franziska, Himmel, Marie, Freund, Caecilia, Alt, Kurt W., Salazar García, Domingo Carlos, García Atienzar, Gabriel, De Miguel-Ibáñez, María Paz, Hernández Pérez, Mauro S., Barciela, Virginia, Romero, Alejandro, Ponce, Juana, Martínez Rodríguez, Andrés, Lomba Maurandi, Joaquín, Soler Díaz, Jorge, Pujante Martínez, Ana, Avilés Fernández, Azucena, Haber Uriarte, María, Roca de Togores Muñoz, Consuelo, Olalde Marquínez, Iñigo, Laluez Fox, Carles, Reich, David, Krause, Johannes, García Sanjuán, Leonardo, Llul Santiago, Vicente, Micó Pérez, Rafael, Risch, Roberto, and Haak, Wolfgang
Abstract: [EN]The emerging Bronze Age (BA) of southeastern Iberia saw marked social changes. Late Copper Age (CA) settlements were abandoned in favor of hilltop sites, and collective graves were largely replaced by single or double burials with often distinctive grave goods indirectly reflecting a hierarchical social organization, as exemplified by the BA El Argar group. We explored this transition from a genomic viewpoint by tripling the amount of data available for this period. Concomitant with the rise of El Argar starting similar to 2200 cal BCE, we observe a complete turnover of Y-chromosome lineages along with the arrival of steppe-related ancestry. This pattern is consistent with a founder effect in male lineages, supported by our finding that males shared more relatives at sites than females. However, simple two-source models do not find support in some El Argar groups, suggesting additional genetic contributions from the Mediterranean that could predate the BA.
Published: 2021

8. Genomic transformation and social organization during the Copper Age–Bronze Age transition in southern Iberia

Author: Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Filología Griega y Filología Latina, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Oliart, Camila, Rihuete-Herrada, Cristina, Childebayeva, Ainash, Rohrlach, Adam B., Fregeiro, María-Inés, Celdrán Beltrán, Eva, Velasco-Felipe, Carlos, Aron, Franziska, Himmel, Marie, Freund, Caecilia, Alt, Kurt W., Salazar-García, Domingo C., García Atiénzar, Gabriel, Miguel Ibáñez, María Paz de, Hernández Pérez, Mauro S., Barciela, Virginia, Romero, Alejandro, Ponce, Juana, Martínez, Andrés, Lomba Maurandi, Joaquín, Soler, Jorge, Pujante, Ana, Avilés Fernández, Azucena, Haber-Uriarte, María, Roca de Togores Muñoz, Consuelo, Olalde, Iñigo, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, Reich, David, Krause, Johannes, García Sanjuán, Leonardo, Lull, Vicente, Micó, Rafael, Risch, Roberto, Haak, Wolfgang, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Filología Griega y Filología Latina, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Oliart, Camila, Rihuete-Herrada, Cristina, Childebayeva, Ainash, Rohrlach, Adam B., Fregeiro, María-Inés, Celdrán Beltrán, Eva, Velasco-Felipe, Carlos, Aron, Franziska, Himmel, Marie, Freund, Caecilia, Alt, Kurt W., Salazar-García, Domingo C., García Atiénzar, Gabriel, Miguel Ibáñez, María Paz de, Hernández Pérez, Mauro S., Barciela, Virginia, Romero, Alejandro, Ponce, Juana, Martínez, Andrés, Lomba Maurandi, Joaquín, Soler, Jorge, Pujante, Ana, Avilés Fernández, Azucena, Haber-Uriarte, María, Roca de Togores Muñoz, Consuelo, Olalde, Iñigo, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, Reich, David, Krause, Johannes, García Sanjuán, Leonardo, Lull, Vicente, Micó, Rafael, Risch, Roberto, and Haak, Wolfgang
Abstract: The emerging Bronze Age (BA) of southeastern Iberia saw marked social changes. Late Copper Age (CA) settlements were abandoned in favor of hilltop sites, and collective graves were largely replaced by single or double burials with often distinctive grave goods indirectly reflecting a hierarchical social organization, as exemplified by the BA El Argar group. We explored this transition from a genomic viewpoint by tripling the amount of data available for this period. Concomitant with the rise of El Argar starting ~2200 cal BCE, we observe a complete turnover of Y-chromosome lineages along with the arrival of steppe-related ancestry. This pattern is consistent with a founder effect in male lineages, supported by our finding that males shared more relatives at sites than females. However, simple two-source models do not find support in some El Argar groups, suggesting additional genetic contributions from the Mediterranean that could predate the BA.
Published: 2021

9. Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution

Author: Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Filología Griega y Filología Latina, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico, Kocher, Arthur, Papac, Luka, Barquera, Rodrigo, Key, Felix M., Spyrou, Maria A., Hübler, Ron, Rohrlach, Adam B., Aron, Franziska, Stahl, Raphaela, Wissgott, Antje, van Bömmel, Florian, Llamas, Bastien, Schultz, Michael, Krauß, Raiko, Jiménez Echevarría, Javier, Francken, Michael, Shnaider, Svetlana, de Knijff, Peter, Altena, Eveline, Van de Vijver, Katrien, Fehren-Schmitz, Lars, Pfefferkorn, Maria, Tung, Tiffiny A., Lösch, Sandra, Dobrovolskaya, Maria, Makarov, Nikolaj, Read, Chris, Van Twest, Melanie, Sagona, Claudia, Ramsl, Peter C., Akar, Murat, Yener, K. Aslihan, Mittnik, Alissa, Carmona Ballestero, Eduardo, Cucca, Francesco, Mazzarello, Vittorio, Utrilla, Pilar, Rademaker, Kurt, Fernández Domínguez, Eva, Baird, Douglas, Semal, Patrick, Márquez-Morfín, Lourdes, Roksandic, Mirjana, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Steiner, Hubert, Salazar-García, Domingo C., Shishlina, Natalia, Erdal, Yilmaz Selim, Hallgren, Fredrik, Boyadzhiev, Yavor, Boyadzhiev, Kamen, Küßner, Mario, Sayer, Duncan, Onkamo, Päivi, Neumann, Gunnar U., Skeates, Robin, Rojo-Guerra, Manuel A., Buzhilova, Alexandra, Khussainova, Elmira, Djansugurova, Leyla B., Beisenov, Arman Z., Samashev, Zainolla, Massy, Ken, Mannino, Marcello, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Rivollat, Maïté, Mannermaa, Kristiina, Balanovsky, Oleg, Deguilloux, Marie-France, Reinhold, Sabine, Hansen, Svend, Kitov, Egor P., Dobeš, Miroslav, Ernée, Michal, Meller, Harald, Alt, Kurt W., van de Loosdrecht, Marieke S., Prüfer, Kay, Warinner, Christina, Schiffels, Stephan, Stockhammer, Philipp W., Bos, Kirsten, Posth, Cosimo, Herbig, Alexander, Haak, Wolfgang, Krause, Johannes, Kühnert, Denise, Majander, Kerttu, Tukhbatova, Rezeda I., Musralina, Lyazzat, Ghalichi, Ayshin, Penske, Sandra, Sabin, Susanna, Michel, Megan, Gretzinger, Joscha, Nelson, Elizabeth A., Ferraz, Tiago, Nägele, Kathrin, Parker, Cody, Keller, Marcel, Guevara, Evelyn K., Feldman, Michal, Eisenmann, Stefanie, Skourtanioti, Eirini, Giffin, Karen, Gnecchi-Ruscone, Guido Alberto, Friederich, Susanne, Schimmenti, Vittoria, Khartanovich, Valery, Karapetian, Marina K., Chaplygin, Mikhail S., Kufterin, Vladimir V., Khokhlov, Aleksandr, Chizhevsky, Andrey A., Stashenkov, Dmitry A., Kochkina, Anna F., Tejedor-Rodríguez, Cristina, García-Martínez-de-Lagrán, Íñigo, Arcusa Magallón, Héctor, Garrido-Pena, Rafael, Royo-Guillén, José I., Nováček, Jan, Rottier, Stéphane, Kacki, Sacha, Saintot, Sylvie, Kaverzneva, Elena, Belinskiy, Andrej B., Velemínský, Petr, Limburský, Petr, Kostka, Michal, Loe, Louise, Popescu, Elizabeth, Clarke, Rachel, Lyons, Alice, Mortimer, Richard, Sajantila, Antti, Chinique de Armas, Yadira, Hernandez Godoy, Silvia Teresita, Hernández-Zaragoza, Diana I., Pearson, Jessica, Binder, Didier, Lefranc, Philippe, Kantorovich, Anatoly R., Maslov, Vladimir E., Lai, Luca, Zoledziewska, Magdalena, Beckett, Jessica F., Langová, Michaela, Danielisová, Alžběta, Ingman, Tara, García Atiénzar, Gabriel, Miguel Ibáñez, María Paz de, Romero, Alejandro, Sperduti, Alessandra, Beckett, Sophie, Salter, Susannah J., Zilivinskaya, Emma D., Vasilev, Dmitry V., von Heyking, Kristin, Burger, Richard L., Salazar, Lucy C., Amkreutz, Luc, Navruzbekov, Masnav, Rosenstock, Eva, Alonso-Fernández, Carmen, Slavchev, Vladimir, Kalmykov, Alexey A., Atabiev, Biaslan Ch., Batieva, Elena, Alvarez Calmet, Micaela, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Filología Griega y Filología Latina, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico, Kocher, Arthur, Papac, Luka, Barquera, Rodrigo, Key, Felix M., Spyrou, Maria A., Hübler, Ron, Rohrlach, Adam B., Aron, Franziska, Stahl, Raphaela, Wissgott, Antje, van Bömmel, Florian, Llamas, Bastien, Schultz, Michael, Krauß, Raiko, Jiménez Echevarría, Javier, Francken, Michael, Shnaider, Svetlana, de Knijff, Peter, Altena, Eveline, Van de Vijver, Katrien, Fehren-Schmitz, Lars, Pfefferkorn, Maria, Tung, Tiffiny A., Lösch, Sandra, Dobrovolskaya, Maria, Makarov, Nikolaj, Read, Chris, Van Twest, Melanie, Sagona, Claudia, Ramsl, Peter C., Akar, Murat, Yener, K. Aslihan, Mittnik, Alissa, Carmona Ballestero, Eduardo, Cucca, Francesco, Mazzarello, Vittorio, Utrilla, Pilar, Rademaker, Kurt, Fernández Domínguez, Eva, Baird, Douglas, Semal, Patrick, Márquez-Morfín, Lourdes, Roksandic, Mirjana, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Steiner, Hubert, Salazar-García, Domingo C., Shishlina, Natalia, Erdal, Yilmaz Selim, Hallgren, Fredrik, Boyadzhiev, Yavor, Boyadzhiev, Kamen, Küßner, Mario, Sayer, Duncan, Onkamo, Päivi, Neumann, Gunnar U., Skeates, Robin, Rojo-Guerra, Manuel A., Buzhilova, Alexandra, Khussainova, Elmira, Djansugurova, Leyla B., Beisenov, Arman Z., Samashev, Zainolla, Massy, Ken, Mannino, Marcello, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Rivollat, Maïté, Mannermaa, Kristiina, Balanovsky, Oleg, Deguilloux, Marie-France, Reinhold, Sabine, Hansen, Svend, Kitov, Egor P., Dobeš, Miroslav, Ernée, Michal, Meller, Harald, Alt, Kurt W., van de Loosdrecht, Marieke S., Prüfer, Kay, Warinner, Christina, Schiffels, Stephan, Stockhammer, Philipp W., Bos, Kirsten, Posth, Cosimo, Herbig, Alexander, Haak, Wolfgang, Krause, Johannes, Kühnert, Denise, Majander, Kerttu, Tukhbatova, Rezeda I., Musralina, Lyazzat, Ghalichi, Ayshin, Penske, Sandra, Sabin, Susanna, Michel, Megan, Gretzinger, Joscha, Nelson, Elizabeth A., Ferraz, Tiago, Nägele, Kathrin, Parker, Cody, Keller, Marcel, Guevara, Evelyn K., Feldman, Michal, Eisenmann, Stefanie, Skourtanioti, Eirini, Giffin, Karen, Gnecchi-Ruscone, Guido Alberto, Friederich, Susanne, Schimmenti, Vittoria, Khartanovich, Valery, Karapetian, Marina K., Chaplygin, Mikhail S., Kufterin, Vladimir V., Khokhlov, Aleksandr, Chizhevsky, Andrey A., Stashenkov, Dmitry A., Kochkina, Anna F., Tejedor-Rodríguez, Cristina, García-Martínez-de-Lagrán, Íñigo, Arcusa Magallón, Héctor, Garrido-Pena, Rafael, Royo-Guillén, José I., Nováček, Jan, Rottier, Stéphane, Kacki, Sacha, Saintot, Sylvie, Kaverzneva, Elena, Belinskiy, Andrej B., Velemínský, Petr, Limburský, Petr, Kostka, Michal, Loe, Louise, Popescu, Elizabeth, Clarke, Rachel, Lyons, Alice, Mortimer, Richard, Sajantila, Antti, Chinique de Armas, Yadira, Hernandez Godoy, Silvia Teresita, Hernández-Zaragoza, Diana I., Pearson, Jessica, Binder, Didier, Lefranc, Philippe, Kantorovich, Anatoly R., Maslov, Vladimir E., Lai, Luca, Zoledziewska, Magdalena, Beckett, Jessica F., Langová, Michaela, Danielisová, Alžběta, Ingman, Tara, García Atiénzar, Gabriel, Miguel Ibáñez, María Paz de, Romero, Alejandro, Sperduti, Alessandra, Beckett, Sophie, Salter, Susannah J., Zilivinskaya, Emma D., Vasilev, Dmitry V., von Heyking, Kristin, Burger, Richard L., Salazar, Lucy C., Amkreutz, Luc, Navruzbekov, Masnav, Rosenstock, Eva, Alonso-Fernández, Carmen, Slavchev, Vladimir, Kalmykov, Alexey A., Atabiev, Biaslan Ch., Batieva, Elena, and Alvarez Calmet, Micaela
Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for ~4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic.
Published: 2021

10. Genomic transformation and social organization during the Copper Age-Bronze Age transition in southern Iberia

Author: Geografía, prehistoria y arqueología, Geografia,historiaurrea eta arkeologia, Villalba Mouco, Vanessa, Oliart, Camila, Rihuete Herrada, Cristina, Childebayeva, Anesh, Rohrlach, Adam B., Fregeiro, Inés María, Celdrán Beltrán, Eva, Velasco Felipe, Carlos, Aron, Franziska, Himmel, Marie, Freund, Caecilia, Alt, Kurt W., Salazar García, Domingo Carlos, García Atienzar, Gabriel, De Miguel-Ibáñez, María Paz, Hernández Pérez, Mauro S., Barciela, Virginia, Romero, Alejandro, Ponce, Juana, Martínez Rodríguez, Andrés, Lomba Maurandi, Joaquín, Soler Díaz, Jorge, Pujante Martínez, Ana, Avilés Fernández, Azucena, Haber Uriarte, María, Roca de Togores Muñoz, Consuelo, Olalde Marquínez, Iñigo, Laluez Fox, Carles, Reich, David, Krause, Johannes, García Sanjuán, Leonardo, Llul Santiago, Vicente, Micó Pérez, Rafael, Risch, Roberto, Haak, Wolfgang, Geografía, prehistoria y arqueología, Geografia,historiaurrea eta arkeologia, Villalba Mouco, Vanessa, Oliart, Camila, Rihuete Herrada, Cristina, Childebayeva, Anesh, Rohrlach, Adam B., Fregeiro, Inés María, Celdrán Beltrán, Eva, Velasco Felipe, Carlos, Aron, Franziska, Himmel, Marie, Freund, Caecilia, Alt, Kurt W., Salazar García, Domingo Carlos, García Atienzar, Gabriel, De Miguel-Ibáñez, María Paz, Hernández Pérez, Mauro S., Barciela, Virginia, Romero, Alejandro, Ponce, Juana, Martínez Rodríguez, Andrés, Lomba Maurandi, Joaquín, Soler Díaz, Jorge, Pujante Martínez, Ana, Avilés Fernández, Azucena, Haber Uriarte, María, Roca de Togores Muñoz, Consuelo, Olalde Marquínez, Iñigo, Laluez Fox, Carles, Reich, David, Krause, Johannes, García Sanjuán, Leonardo, Llul Santiago, Vicente, Micó Pérez, Rafael, Risch, Roberto, and Haak, Wolfgang
Abstract: [EN]The emerging Bronze Age (BA) of southeastern Iberia saw marked social changes. Late Copper Age (CA) settlements were abandoned in favor of hilltop sites, and collective graves were largely replaced by single or double burials with often distinctive grave goods indirectly reflecting a hierarchical social organization, as exemplified by the BA El Argar group. We explored this transition from a genomic viewpoint by tripling the amount of data available for this period. Concomitant with the rise of El Argar starting similar to 2200 cal BCE, we observe a complete turnover of Y-chromosome lineages along with the arrival of steppe-related ancestry. This pattern is consistent with a founder effect in male lineages, supported by our finding that males shared more relatives at sites than females. However, simple two-source models do not find support in some El Argar groups, suggesting additional genetic contributions from the Mediterranean that could predate the BA.
Published: 2021

11. Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution

Author: Max Planck Society, European Commission, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, German Research Foundation, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Wenner-Gren Foundation, Ministry of Education and Science (Kazakhstan), Kocher, Arthur, Papac, Luka, Barquera, Rodrigo, Key, Félix M., Spyrou, María A., Hübler, Ron, Rohrlach, Adam B., Aron, Franziska, Stahl, Raphaela, Wissgott, Antje, Van Bömmel, Florian, Arcusa-Magallón, Héctor, Garrido-Pena, Rafael, Schultz, Michael, Royo-Guillén, José Ignacio, Nováček, Jan, Rottier, Stéphane, Kacki, Sacha, Saintot, Sylvie, Kaverzneva, Elena, Belinskiy, Andrej B., Akar, Murat, Velemínský, Petr, Limburský, Petr, Kostka, Michal, Krauß, Raiko, Loe, Louise, Popescu, Elizabeth, Clarke, Rachel, Lyons, Alice, Mortimer, Richard, Sajantila, Antti, Yener, K. Aslihan, Chinique de Armas, Yadira, Hernández Godoy, Silvia Teresita, Hernández-Zaragoza, Diana I., Pearson, Jessica, Jiménez Echevarría, Javier, Binder, Didier, Lefranc, Philippe, Kantorovich, Anatoly R., Maslov, Vladimir E., Lai, Luca, Mittnik, Alissa, Zoledziewska, Magdalena, Beckett, Jessica F., Langová, Michaela, Danielisová, Alžběta, Ingman, Tara, Francken, Michael, García Atiénzar, Gabriel, Miguel Ibáñez, María Paz de, Romero Jódar, Alejandro, Sperduti, Alessandra, Carmona Ballestero, Eduardo, Beckett, Sophie, Salter, Susannah J., Zilivinskaya, Emma D., Vasilev, Dmitry V., Heyking, Kristin von, Burger, Richard L., Shnaider, Svetlana, Salazar, Lucy C., Amkreutz, Luc, Navruzbekov, Masnav, Cucca, Francesco, Rosenstock, Eva, Alonso-Fernández, Carmen, Slavchev, Vladimir, Kalmykov, Alexey A., Atabiev, Biaslan Ch., Batieva, Elena, Álvarez Calmet, Micaela, Knijff, Peter de, Altena, Eveline, Van de Vijver, Katrien, Mazzarello, Vittorio, Fehren-Schmitz, Lars, Pfefferkorn, María, Tung, Tiffiny A., Lösch, Sandra, Dobrovolskaya, María, Makarov, Nikolaj, Read, Chris, Van Twest, Melanie, Sagona, Claudia, Ramsl, Peter C., Utrilla, Pilar, Rademaker, Kurt, Fernández-Domínguez, Eva, Baird, Douglas, Guevara, Evelyn K., Semal, Patrick, Márquez-Morfín, Lourdes, Roksandic, Mirjana, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Steiner, Hubert, Salazar García, Domingo Carlos, Shishlina, Natalia, Selim Erdal, Yilmaz, Hallgren, Fredrik, Boyadzhiev, Yavor, Feldman, Michal, Boyadzhiev, Kamen, Küßner, Mario, Sayer, Duncan, Onkamo, Päivi, Neumann, Gunnar U., Skeates, Robin, Rojo-Guerra, Manuel, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Khussainova, Elmira, Djansugurova, Leyla B., Eisenmann, Stefanie, Beisenov, Arman Z., Samashev, Zainolla, Massy, Ken, Mannino, Marcello A., Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Rivollat, Maïté, Mannermaa, Kristiina, Balanovsky, Oleg, Deguilloux, Marie-France, Reinhold, Sabine, Skourtanioti, Eirini, Hansen, Svend, Kitov, Egor, Dobeš, Miroslav, Ernée, Michal, Meller, Harald, Alt, Kurt W., Van de Loosdrech, Marieke S., Prüfer, Kay, Warinner, Christina, Schiffels, Stephan, Giffin, Karen, Stockhammer, Philipp W., Bos, Kirsten, Posth, Cosimo, Herbig, Alexander, Haak, Wolfgang, Krause, Johannes, Kühnert, Denise, Majander, Kerttu, Tukhbatova, Rezeda I., Musralina, Lyazzat, Gnecchi Ruscone, Guido Alberto, Ghalichi, Ayshin, Penske, Sandra, Sabin, Susanna, Michel, Megan, Gretzinger, Joscha, Nelson, Elizabeth A., Ferraz, Tiago, Nägele, Kathrin, Parker, Cody, Keller, Marcel, Friederich, Susanne, Schimmenti, Vittoria, Khartanovich, Valery, Karapetian, Marina K., Llamas, Bastien, Chaplygin, Mikhail S., Kufterin, Vladimir V., Khokhlov, Aleksander, Chizhevsky, Andrey A., Stashenkov, Dmitry A., Kochkina, Anna F., Tejedor-Rodríguez, Cristina, García-Martínez de Lagrán, Íñigo, Max Planck Society, European Commission, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, German Research Foundation, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Wenner-Gren Foundation, Ministry of Education and Science (Kazakhstan), Kocher, Arthur, Papac, Luka, Barquera, Rodrigo, Key, Félix M., Spyrou, María A., Hübler, Ron, Rohrlach, Adam B., Aron, Franziska, Stahl, Raphaela, Wissgott, Antje, Van Bömmel, Florian, Arcusa-Magallón, Héctor, Garrido-Pena, Rafael, Schultz, Michael, Royo-Guillén, José Ignacio, Nováček, Jan, Rottier, Stéphane, Kacki, Sacha, Saintot, Sylvie, Kaverzneva, Elena, Belinskiy, Andrej B., Akar, Murat, Velemínský, Petr, Limburský, Petr, Kostka, Michal, Krauß, Raiko, Loe, Louise, Popescu, Elizabeth, Clarke, Rachel, Lyons, Alice, Mortimer, Richard, Sajantila, Antti, Yener, K. Aslihan, Chinique de Armas, Yadira, Hernández Godoy, Silvia Teresita, Hernández-Zaragoza, Diana I., Pearson, Jessica, Jiménez Echevarría, Javier, Binder, Didier, Lefranc, Philippe, Kantorovich, Anatoly R., Maslov, Vladimir E., Lai, Luca, Mittnik, Alissa, Zoledziewska, Magdalena, Beckett, Jessica F., Langová, Michaela, Danielisová, Alžběta, Ingman, Tara, Francken, Michael, García Atiénzar, Gabriel, Miguel Ibáñez, María Paz de, Romero Jódar, Alejandro, Sperduti, Alessandra, Carmona Ballestero, Eduardo, Beckett, Sophie, Salter, Susannah J., Zilivinskaya, Emma D., Vasilev, Dmitry V., Heyking, Kristin von, Burger, Richard L., Shnaider, Svetlana, Salazar, Lucy C., Amkreutz, Luc, Navruzbekov, Masnav, Cucca, Francesco, Rosenstock, Eva, Alonso-Fernández, Carmen, Slavchev, Vladimir, Kalmykov, Alexey A., Atabiev, Biaslan Ch., Batieva, Elena, Álvarez Calmet, Micaela, Knijff, Peter de, Altena, Eveline, Van de Vijver, Katrien, Mazzarello, Vittorio, Fehren-Schmitz, Lars, Pfefferkorn, María, Tung, Tiffiny A., Lösch, Sandra, Dobrovolskaya, María, Makarov, Nikolaj, Read, Chris, Van Twest, Melanie, Sagona, Claudia, Ramsl, Peter C., Utrilla, Pilar, Rademaker, Kurt, Fernández-Domínguez, Eva, Baird, Douglas, Guevara, Evelyn K., Semal, Patrick, Márquez-Morfín, Lourdes, Roksandic, Mirjana, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Steiner, Hubert, Salazar García, Domingo Carlos, Shishlina, Natalia, Selim Erdal, Yilmaz, Hallgren, Fredrik, Boyadzhiev, Yavor, Feldman, Michal, Boyadzhiev, Kamen, Küßner, Mario, Sayer, Duncan, Onkamo, Päivi, Neumann, Gunnar U., Skeates, Robin, Rojo-Guerra, Manuel, Buzhilova, Alexandra, Khussainova, Elmira, Djansugurova, Leyla B., Eisenmann, Stefanie, Beisenov, Arman Z., Samashev, Zainolla, Massy, Ken, Mannino, Marcello A., Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Rivollat, Maïté, Mannermaa, Kristiina, Balanovsky, Oleg, Deguilloux, Marie-France, Reinhold, Sabine, Skourtanioti, Eirini, Hansen, Svend, Kitov, Egor, Dobeš, Miroslav, Ernée, Michal, Meller, Harald, Alt, Kurt W., Van de Loosdrech, Marieke S., Prüfer, Kay, Warinner, Christina, Schiffels, Stephan, Giffin, Karen, Stockhammer, Philipp W., Bos, Kirsten, Posth, Cosimo, Herbig, Alexander, Haak, Wolfgang, Krause, Johannes, Kühnert, Denise, Majander, Kerttu, Tukhbatova, Rezeda I., Musralina, Lyazzat, Gnecchi Ruscone, Guido Alberto, Ghalichi, Ayshin, Penske, Sandra, Sabin, Susanna, Michel, Megan, Gretzinger, Joscha, Nelson, Elizabeth A., Ferraz, Tiago, Nägele, Kathrin, Parker, Cody, Keller, Marcel, Friederich, Susanne, Schimmenti, Vittoria, Khartanovich, Valery, Karapetian, Marina K., Llamas, Bastien, Chaplygin, Mikhail S., Kufterin, Vladimir V., Khokhlov, Aleksander, Chizhevsky, Andrey A., Stashenkov, Dmitry A., Kochkina, Anna F., Tejedor-Rodríguez, Cristina, and García-Martínez de Lagrán, Íñigo
Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for ~4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic.
Published: 2021

12. Genomic transformation and social organization during the Copper Age-Bronze Age transition in southern Iberia

Author: Max Planck Society, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Oliart, Camila, Rihuete-Herrada, Cristina, Childebayeva, Ainash, Rohrlach, Adam B., Fregeiro, María Inés, Celdrán Beltrán, Eva, Velasco-Felipe, Carlos, Aron, Franziska, Himmel, Marie, Freund, Caecilia, Alt, Kurt W., Salazar García, Domingo Carlos, García Atiénzar, Gabriel, Miguel Ibáñez, María Paz de, Hernández-Pérez, Mauro S., Barciela, Virginia, Romero Jódar, Alejandro, Ponce, Juana, Martínez, Andrés, Lomba, Joaquín, Soler, Jorge, Pujante Martínez, Ana, Avilés-Fernández, Azucena, Haber-Uriarte, Maria, Roca de Togores Muñoz, Consuelo, Olalde, Iñigo, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, Reich, David, Krause, Johannes, García Sanjuán, Leonardo, Lull, Vicente, Micó, Rafael, Risch, Roberto, Wolfgang, Haak, Max Planck Society, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Oliart, Camila, Rihuete-Herrada, Cristina, Childebayeva, Ainash, Rohrlach, Adam B., Fregeiro, María Inés, Celdrán Beltrán, Eva, Velasco-Felipe, Carlos, Aron, Franziska, Himmel, Marie, Freund, Caecilia, Alt, Kurt W., Salazar García, Domingo Carlos, García Atiénzar, Gabriel, Miguel Ibáñez, María Paz de, Hernández-Pérez, Mauro S., Barciela, Virginia, Romero Jódar, Alejandro, Ponce, Juana, Martínez, Andrés, Lomba, Joaquín, Soler, Jorge, Pujante Martínez, Ana, Avilés-Fernández, Azucena, Haber-Uriarte, Maria, Roca de Togores Muñoz, Consuelo, Olalde, Iñigo, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, Reich, David, Krause, Johannes, García Sanjuán, Leonardo, Lull, Vicente, Micó, Rafael, Risch, Roberto, and Wolfgang, Haak
Abstract: The emerging Bronze Age (BA) of southeastern Iberia saw marked social changes. Late Copper Age (CA) settlements were abandoned in favor of hilltop sites, and collective graves were largely replaced by single or double burials with often distinctive grave goods indirectly reflecting a hierarchical social organization, as exemplified by the BA El Argar group. We explored this transition from a genomic viewpoint by tripling the amount of data available for this period. Concomitant with the rise of El Argar starting ∼2200 cal BCE, we observe a complete turnover of Y-chromosome lineages along with the arrival of steppe-related ancestry. This pattern is consistent with a founder effect in male lineages, supported by our finding that males shared more relatives at sites than females. However, simple two-source models do not find support in some El Argar groups, suggesting additional genetic contributions from the Mediterranean that could predate the BA.
Published: 2021

13. A massacre of early Neolithic farmers in the high Pyrenees at Els Trocs, Spain

Author: German Research Foundation, Gobierno de Aragón, European Research Council, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Alt, Kurt W., Tejedor-Rodríguez, Cristina, Nicklisch, Nicole, Roth, David, Szécsényi Nagy, Anna, Knipper, Corina, Lindauer, Susanne, Held, Petra, García Martínez de Lagrán, Íñigo, Schulz, Georg, Schuerch, Thomas, Thieringer, Florian, Brantner, Philipp, Brandt, Guido, Israel, Nicole, Arcusa Magallón, Héctor, Meyer, Christian, Mende, Balazs G., Enzmann, Frieder, Dresely, Veit, Ramsthaler, Frank, Royo Guillén, José Ignacio, Scheurer, Eva, López-Montalvo, Esther, Garrido-Pena, Rafael, Pichler, Sandra L., Rojo-Guerra, Manuel, German Research Foundation, Gobierno de Aragón, European Research Council, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Alt, Kurt W., Tejedor-Rodríguez, Cristina, Nicklisch, Nicole, Roth, David, Szécsényi Nagy, Anna, Knipper, Corina, Lindauer, Susanne, Held, Petra, García Martínez de Lagrán, Íñigo, Schulz, Georg, Schuerch, Thomas, Thieringer, Florian, Brantner, Philipp, Brandt, Guido, Israel, Nicole, Arcusa Magallón, Héctor, Meyer, Christian, Mende, Balazs G., Enzmann, Frieder, Dresely, Veit, Ramsthaler, Frank, Royo Guillén, José Ignacio, Scheurer, Eva, López-Montalvo, Esther, Garrido-Pena, Rafael, Pichler, Sandra L., and Rojo-Guerra, Manuel
Abstract: Violence seems deeply rooted in human nature and an endemic potential for such is today frequently associated with differing ethnic, religious or socio-economic backgrounds. Ethnic nepotism is believed to be one of the main causes of inter-group violence in multi-ethnic societies. At the site of Els Trocs in the Spanish Pyrenees, rivalling groups of either migrating early farmers or farmers and indigenous hunter-gatherers collided violently around 5300 BCE. This clash apparently resulted in a massacre of the Els Trocs farmers. The overkill reaction was possibly triggered by xenophobia or massive disputes over resources or privileges. In the present, violence and xenophobia are controlled and sanctioned through social codes of conduct and institutions. So that, rather than representing an insurmountable evolutionary inheritance, violence and ethnic nepotism can be overcome and a sustainable future achieved through mutual respect, tolerance and openness to multi-ethnic societies.
Published: 2020

14. Con pastores y ovejas en la vereda de la neolitización: una perspectiva integral de las evidencias arqueológicas de la cueva de Els Trocs (San Feliú de Veri/Bisaurri, Huesca)

Author: Rojo-Guerra, Manuel, Moreno García, Marta, Tejedor-Rodríguez, Cristina, Arcusa, Héctor, Royo, José Ignacio, García Martínez de Lagrán, Íñigo, Garrido Pena, Rafael, Díaz-Navarro, Sonia, Peña-Chocarro, Leonor, Pérez Jordá, Guillem, Pimenta, Carlos M., Tornero, Carlos, Gibaja, Juan Francisco, Mazzucco, Niccolò, Clemente-Conte, Ignacio, Mozota Holgueras, Millán, Iriarte, Eneko, Valdiosera, Cristina E., Serrano, Malena, Calvo, Jorge Hugo, Alt, Kurt W., Rojo-Guerra, Manuel, Moreno García, Marta, Tejedor-Rodríguez, Cristina, Arcusa, Héctor, Royo, José Ignacio, García Martínez de Lagrán, Íñigo, Garrido Pena, Rafael, Díaz-Navarro, Sonia, Peña-Chocarro, Leonor, Pérez Jordá, Guillem, Pimenta, Carlos M., Tornero, Carlos, Gibaja, Juan Francisco, Mazzucco, Niccolò, Clemente-Conte, Ignacio, Mozota Holgueras, Millán, Iriarte, Eneko, Valdiosera, Cristina E., Serrano, Malena, Calvo, Jorge Hugo, and Alt, Kurt W.
Abstract: [EN] The archaeological research at Els Trocs cave is a good example of a successful transdisciplinary project. Together with a great team of specialists in different areas of knowledge, we present an update of our research process. The site is a cave that was occupied for more than two millennia, from the Early Neolithic (the end of the 6th millennium cal. BC) to the Late Neolithic (the end of the 4th millennium cal. BC). The groups who currently and seasonally visited the cave focussed their main economic activity in sheep herding. For that chronology, they practised a very specialised management system comprising the vertical movement of livestock (an incipient transhumance) from the river Ebro Basin to the mountains. The combination of analytical research, including micromorphology, zooarchaeology, carbon and oxygen isotopic analyses, archaeobotany, palaeoparasitology, traceology, or the study of the raw material provenance and the similarities of tipology, technology and decoration in pottery compositions provide a comprehensive overview of the subsistence universe of these human groups. Finally, the anthropological and genetic studies help to gain insights into the life experiences of some of individuals who occupied the cave throughout two long cycles of use., [ES] El proyecto de investigación desarrollado en la cueva de Els Trocs se ha convertido en un ejemplo de transdisciplinariedad. De la mano de un amplio equipo de especialistas en distintas áreas de conocimiento, presentamos una puesta al día del proceso de investigación. El yacimiento es una cueva con actividad antrópica durante más de dos milenios, desde el Neolítico antiguo (finales del VI milenio cal. BC) hasta el Neolítico final (finales del IV milenio cal. BC). Sus ocupaciones son recurrentes y estacionales y una de las actividades económicas fundamentales de sus ocupantes debió de ser el pastoreo de ovino, un sistema de explotación muy especializado para la época, que comportaba movimientos altitudinales del ganado desde las tierras de la depresión del Ebro hasta las montañas pirenaicas (incipiente trashumancia). Los análisis micromorfológicos, carpológicos, sedimentológicos, los estudios de la fauna y la microfauna, de los isótopos de carbono y oxígeno, la paleoparasitología, la traceología, la procedencia de las materias primas y las similitudes de las formas, técnicas y composiciones decorativas cerámicas nos ofrecen una visión completa del universo subsistencial de estos grupos humanos. Por último, los análisis antropológicos y genéticos arrojan luz sobre las peripecias vitales de algunos de los individuos que ocuparon la cueva a lo largo de dos amplios ciclos de uso.
Published: 2020

15. Survival of Late Pleistocene Hunter-Gatherer Ancestry in the Iberian Peninsula

Author: European Research Council, Gobierno de Aragón, European Commission, Ibercaja Obra Social, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Wenner-Gren Foundation, California State University, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Loosdrecht, Marieke S. van de, Posth, Cosimo, Mora, Rafael, Martínez-Moreno, Jorge, Rojo-Guerra, Manuel, Salazar García, Domingo Carlos, Royo Guillén, José Ignacio, Kunst, Michael, Rougier, Hélène, Crevecoeur, Isabelle, Arcusa Magallón, Héctor, Tejedor-Rodríguez, Cristina, García Martínez de Lagrán, Íñigo, Garrido-Pena, Rafael, Alt, Kurt W., Jeong, Choongwon, Schiffels, Stephan, Utrilla, Pilar, Krause, Johannes, Haak, Wolfgang, European Research Council, Gobierno de Aragón, European Commission, Ibercaja Obra Social, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Wenner-Gren Foundation, California State University, Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa, Loosdrecht, Marieke S. van de, Posth, Cosimo, Mora, Rafael, Martínez-Moreno, Jorge, Rojo-Guerra, Manuel, Salazar García, Domingo Carlos, Royo Guillén, José Ignacio, Kunst, Michael, Rougier, Hélène, Crevecoeur, Isabelle, Arcusa Magallón, Héctor, Tejedor-Rodríguez, Cristina, García Martínez de Lagrán, Íñigo, Garrido-Pena, Rafael, Alt, Kurt W., Jeong, Choongwon, Schiffels, Stephan, Utrilla, Pilar, Krause, Johannes, and Haak, Wolfgang
Abstract: The Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe represents an important test case for the study of human population movements during prehistoric periods. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), the peninsula formed a periglacial refugium [1] for hunter-gatherers (HGs) and thus served as a potential source for the re-peopling of northern latitudes [2]. The post-LGM genetic signature was previously described as a cline from Western HG (WHG) to Eastern HG (EHG), further shaped by later Holocene expansions from the Near East and the North Pontic steppes [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]. Western and central Europe were dominated by ancestry associated with the ∼14,000-year-old individual from Villabruna, Italy, which had largely replaced earlier genetic ancestry, represented by 19,000–15,000-year-old individuals associated with the Magdalenian culture [2]. However, little is known about the genetic diversity in southern European refugia, the presence of distinct genetic clusters, and correspondence with geography. Here, we report new genome-wide data from 11 HGs and Neolithic individuals that highlight the late survival of Paleolithic ancestry in Iberia, reported previously in Magdalenian-associated individuals. We show that all Iberian HGs, including the oldest, a ∼19,000-year-old individual from El Mirón in Spain, carry dual ancestry from both Villabruna and the Magdalenian-related individuals. Thus, our results suggest an early connection between two potential refugia, resulting in a genetic ancestry that survived in later Iberian HGs. Our new genomic data from Iberian Early and Middle Neolithic individuals show that the dual Iberian HG genomic legacy pertains in the peninsula, suggesting that expanding farmers mixed with local HGs.
Published: 2019

16. A comprehensive genomic history of extinct and living elephants

Author: Palkopoulou, Eleftheria, Lipson, Mark, Mallick, Swapan, Nielsen, Svend, Rohland, Nadin, Baleka, Sina, Karpinski, Emil, Ivancevici, Atma M., To, Thu-Hien, Kortschak, Daniel, Raison, Joy M., Qu, Zhipeng, Chin, Tat-Jun, Alt, Kurt W., Claesson, Stefan, Dalen, Love, MacPhee, Ross D. E., Meller, Harald, Rocar, Alfred L., Ryder, Oliver A., Heiman, David, Young, Sarah, Breen, Matthew, Williams, Christina, Aken, Bronwen L., Ruffier, Magali, Karlsson, Elinor, Johnson, Jeremy, Di Palma, Federica, Alfoldi, Jessica, Adelsoni, David L., Mailund, Thomas, Munch, Kasper, Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin, Hofreiter, Michael, Poinar, Hendrik, Reich, David, Palkopoulou, Eleftheria, Lipson, Mark, Mallick, Swapan, Nielsen, Svend, Rohland, Nadin, Baleka, Sina, Karpinski, Emil, Ivancevici, Atma M., To, Thu-Hien, Kortschak, Daniel, Raison, Joy M., Qu, Zhipeng, Chin, Tat-Jun, Alt, Kurt W., Claesson, Stefan, Dalen, Love, MacPhee, Ross D. E., Meller, Harald, Rocar, Alfred L., Ryder, Oliver A., Heiman, David, Young, Sarah, Breen, Matthew, Williams, Christina, Aken, Bronwen L., Ruffier, Magali, Karlsson, Elinor, Johnson, Jeremy, Di Palma, Federica, Alfoldi, Jessica, Adelsoni, David L., Mailund, Thomas, Munch, Kasper, Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin, Hofreiter, Michael, Poinar, Hendrik, and Reich, David
Abstract: Elephantids are the world's most iconic megafaunal family, yet there is no comprehensive genomic assessment of their relationships. We report a total of 14 genomes, including 2 from the American mastodon, which is an extinct elephantid relative, and 12 spanning all three extant and three extinct elephantid species including an similar to 120,000-y-old straight-tusked elephant, a Columbian mammoth, and woolly mammoths. Earlier genetic studies modeled elephantid evolution via simple bifurcating trees, but here we show that interspecies hybridization has been a recurrent feature of elephantid evolution. We found that the genetic makeup of the straight-tusked elephant, previously placed as a sister group to African forest elephants based on lower coverage data, in fact comprises three major components. Most of the straight-tusked elephant's ancestry derives from a lineage related to the ancestor of African elephants while its remaining ancestry consists of a large contribution from a lineage related to forest elephants and another related to mammoths. Columbian and woolly mammoths also showed evidence of interbreeding, likely following a latitudinal cline across North America. While hybridization events have shaped elephantid history in profound ways, isolation also appears to have played an important role. Our data reveal nearly complete isolation between the ancestors of the African forest and savanna elephants for similar to 500,000 y, providing compelling justification for the conservation of forest and savanna elephants as separate species.
Published: 2018
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17. The genomic history of southeastern Europe

Author: Mathieson, Iain, Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Songul, Posth, Cosimo, Szecsenyi-Nagy, Anna, Rohland, Nadin, Mallick, Swapan, Olalde, Inigo, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Candilio, Francesca, Cheronet, Olivia, Fernandes, Daniel, Ferry, Matthew, Gamarra, Beatriz, Gonzalez Fortes, Gloria, Haak, Wolfgang, Harney, Eadaoin, Jones, Eppie, Keating, Denise, Krause-Kyora, Ben, Kucukkalipci, Isil, Michel, Megan, Mittnik, Alissa, Naegele, Kathrin, Novak, Mario, Oppenheimer, Jonas, Patterson, Nick, Pfrengle, Saskia, Sirak, Kendra, Stewardson, Kristin, Vai, Stefania, Alexandrov, Stefan, Alt, Kurt W., Andreescu, Radian, Antonović, Dragana, Ash, Abigail, Atanassova, Nadezhda, Bacvarov, Krum, Gusztav, Mende Balazs, Bocherens, Herve, Bolus, Michael, Boroneant, Adina, Boyadzhiev, Yavor, Budnik, Alicja, Burmaz, Josip, Chohadzhiev, Stefan, Conard, Nicholas J., Cottiaux, Richard, Cuka, Maja, Cupillard, Christophe, Drucker, Dorothee G., Elenski, Nedko, Francken, Michael, Galabova, Borislava, Ganetsovski, Georgi, Gely, Bernard, Hajdu, Tamas, Handzhyiska, Veneta, Harvati, Katerina, Higham, Thomas, Iliev, Stanislav, Janković, Ivor, Karavanic, Ivor, Kennett, Douglas J., Komso, Darko, Kozak, Alexandra, Labuda, Damian, Lari, Martina, Lazar, Catalin, Leppek, Maleen, Leshtakov, Krassimir, Lo Vetro, Domenico, Los, Dzeni, Lozanov, Ivaylo, Malina, Maria, Martini, Fabio, McSweeney, Kath, Meller, Harald, Mendusic, Marko, Mirea, Pavel, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Petrova, Vanya, Price, Douglas T., Simalcsik, Angela, Sineo, Luca, Slaus, Mario, Slavchev, Vladimir, Stanev, Petar, Starovic, Andrej, Szeniczey, Tamas, Talamo, Sahra, Teschler-Nicola, Maria, Thevenet, Corinne, Valchev, Ivan, Valentin, Frederique, Vasilyev, Sergey, Veljanovska, Fanica, Venelinova, Svetlana, Veselovskaya, Elizaveta, Viola, Bence, Virag, Cristian, Zaninovic, Josko, Zaeuner, Steve, Stockhammer, Philipp W., Catalano, Giulio, Krauss, Raiko, Caramelli, David, Zarina, Gunita, Gaydarska, Bisserka, Lillie, Malcolm, Nikitin, Alexey G., Potekhina, Inna, Papathanasiou, Anastasia, Borić, Dušan, Bonsall, Clive, Krause, Johannes, Pinhasi, Ron, Reich, David, Mathieson, Iain, Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Songul, Posth, Cosimo, Szecsenyi-Nagy, Anna, Rohland, Nadin, Mallick, Swapan, Olalde, Inigo, Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen, Candilio, Francesca, Cheronet, Olivia, Fernandes, Daniel, Ferry, Matthew, Gamarra, Beatriz, Gonzalez Fortes, Gloria, Haak, Wolfgang, Harney, Eadaoin, Jones, Eppie, Keating, Denise, Krause-Kyora, Ben, Kucukkalipci, Isil, Michel, Megan, Mittnik, Alissa, Naegele, Kathrin, Novak, Mario, Oppenheimer, Jonas, Patterson, Nick, Pfrengle, Saskia, Sirak, Kendra, Stewardson, Kristin, Vai, Stefania, Alexandrov, Stefan, Alt, Kurt W., Andreescu, Radian, Antonović, Dragana, Ash, Abigail, Atanassova, Nadezhda, Bacvarov, Krum, Gusztav, Mende Balazs, Bocherens, Herve, Bolus, Michael, Boroneant, Adina, Boyadzhiev, Yavor, Budnik, Alicja, Burmaz, Josip, Chohadzhiev, Stefan, Conard, Nicholas J., Cottiaux, Richard, Cuka, Maja, Cupillard, Christophe, Drucker, Dorothee G., Elenski, Nedko, Francken, Michael, Galabova, Borislava, Ganetsovski, Georgi, Gely, Bernard, Hajdu, Tamas, Handzhyiska, Veneta, Harvati, Katerina, Higham, Thomas, Iliev, Stanislav, Janković, Ivor, Karavanic, Ivor, Kennett, Douglas J., Komso, Darko, Kozak, Alexandra, Labuda, Damian, Lari, Martina, Lazar, Catalin, Leppek, Maleen, Leshtakov, Krassimir, Lo Vetro, Domenico, Los, Dzeni, Lozanov, Ivaylo, Malina, Maria, Martini, Fabio, McSweeney, Kath, Meller, Harald, Mendusic, Marko, Mirea, Pavel, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Petrova, Vanya, Price, Douglas T., Simalcsik, Angela, Sineo, Luca, Slaus, Mario, Slavchev, Vladimir, Stanev, Petar, Starovic, Andrej, Szeniczey, Tamas, Talamo, Sahra, Teschler-Nicola, Maria, Thevenet, Corinne, Valchev, Ivan, Valentin, Frederique, Vasilyev, Sergey, Veljanovska, Fanica, Venelinova, Svetlana, Veselovskaya, Elizaveta, Viola, Bence, Virag, Cristian, Zaninovic, Josko, Zaeuner, Steve, Stockhammer, Philipp W., Catalano, Giulio, Krauss, Raiko, Caramelli, David, Zarina, Gunita, Gaydarska, Bisserka, Lillie, Malcolm, Nikitin, Alexey G., Potekhina, Inna, Papathanasiou, Anastasia, Borić, Dušan, Bonsall, Clive, Krause, Johannes, Pinhasi, Ron, and Reich, David
Abstract: Farming was first introduced to Europe in the mid-seventh millennium bc, and was associated with migrants from Anatolia who settled in the southeast before spreading throughout Europe. Here, to understand the dynamics of this process, we analysed genome-wide ancient DNA data from 225 individuals who lived in southeastern Europe and surrounding regions between 12000 and 500 bc. We document a west-east cline of ancestry in indigenous hunter-gatherers and, in eastern Europe, the early stages in the formation of Bronze Age steppe ancestry. We show that the first farmers of northern and western Europe dispersed through southeastern Europe with limited hunter-gatherer admixture, but that some early groups in the southeast mixed extensively with hunter-gatherers without the sex-biased admixture that prevailed later in the north and west. We also show that southeastern Europe continued to be a nexus between east and west after the arrival of farmers, with intermittent genetic contact with steppe populations occurring up to 2,000 years earlier than the migrations from the steppe that ultimately replaced much of the population of northern Europe.
Published: 2018

18. Palaeogenomes of Eurasian straight-tusked elephants challenge the current view of elephant evolution.

Author: Meyer, Matthias, Meyer, Matthias, Palkopoulou, Eleftheria, Baleka, Sina, Stiller, Mathias, Penkman, Kirsty EH, Alt, Kurt W, Ishida, Yasuko, Mania, Dietrich, Mallick, Swapan, Meijer, Tom, Meller, Harald, Nagel, Sarah, Nickel, Birgit, Ostritz, Sven, Rohland, Nadin, Schauer, Karol, Schüler, Tim, Roca, Alfred L, Reich, David, Shapiro, Beth, Hofreiter, Michael, Meyer, Matthias, Meyer, Matthias, Palkopoulou, Eleftheria, Baleka, Sina, Stiller, Mathias, Penkman, Kirsty EH, Alt, Kurt W, Ishida, Yasuko, Mania, Dietrich, Mallick, Swapan, Meijer, Tom, Meller, Harald, Nagel, Sarah, Nickel, Birgit, Ostritz, Sven, Rohland, Nadin, Schauer, Karol, Schüler, Tim, Roca, Alfred L, Reich, David, Shapiro, Beth, and Hofreiter, Michael
Abstract: The straight-tusked elephants Palaeoloxodon spp. were widespread across Eurasia during the Pleistocene. Phylogenetic reconstructions using morphological traits have grouped them with Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), and many paleontologists place Palaeoloxodon within Elephas. Here, we report the recovery of full mitochondrial genomes from four and partial nuclear genomes from two P. antiquus fossils. These fossils were collected at two sites in Germany, Neumark-Nord and Weimar-Ehringsdorf, and likely date to interglacial periods ~120 and ~244 thousand years ago, respectively. Unexpectedly, nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analyses suggest that P. antiquus was a close relative of extant African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis). Species previously referred to Palaeoloxodon are thus most parsimoniously explained as having diverged from the lineage of Loxodonta, indicating that Loxodonta has not been constrained to Africa. Our results demonstrate that the current picture of elephant evolution is in need of substantial revision.
Published: 2017

19. The maternal genetic make-up of the Iberian Peninsula between the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age

Author: Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Filología Griega y Filología Latina, Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, Roth, Christina, Brandt, Guido, Rihuete-Herrada, Cristina, Tejedor-Rodríguez, Cristina, Held, Petra, García-Martínez-de-Lagrán, Íñigo, Arcusa Magallón, Héctor, Zesch, Stephanie, Knipper, Corina, Bánffy, Eszter, Friederich, Susanne, Meller, Harald, Bueno Ramírez, Primitiva, Barroso Bermejo, Rosa, Balbín Behrmann, Rodrigo de, Herrero-Corral, Ana M., Flores Fernández, Raúl, Alonso-Fernández, Carmen, Jiménez Echevarria, Javier, Rindlisbacher, Laura, Oliart, Camila, Fregeiro, María-Inés, Soriano, Ignacio, Vicente, Oriol, Micó, Rafael, Lull, Vicente, Soler Díaz, Jorge A., López Padilla, Juan Antonio, Roca de Togores Muñoz, Consuelo, Hernández Pérez, Mauro S., Jover Maestre, Francisco Javier, Lomba Maurandi, Joaquín, Avilés Fernández, Azucena, Lillios, Katina T., Silva, Ana Maria, Ramalho, Miguel Magalhães, Oosterbeek, Luiz Miguel, Cunha, Claudia, Waterman, Anna J., Roig Buxó, Jordi, Martínez, Andrés, Ponce Martínez, Juana, Hunt Ortiz, Mark, Mejías-García, Juan Carlos, Pecero Espín, Juan Carlos, Cruz-Auñón Briones, Rosario, Tomé, Tiago, Carmona Ballestero, Eduardo, Cardoso, João Luís, Araújo, Ana Cristina, Liesau von Lettow-Vorbeck, Corina, Blasco Bosqued, Concepción, Ríos Mendoza, Patricia, Pujante, Ana, Royo-Guillén, José I., Esquembre Beviá, Marco Aurelio, Goncalves, Victor Manuel Dos Santos, Parreira, Rui, Morán Hernández, Elena, Méndez Izquierdo, Elena, Vega y Miguel, Jorge, Menduiña García, Roberto, Martínez Calvo, Victoria, López Jiménez, Oscar, Krause, Johannes, Pichler, Sandra L., Garrido-Pena, Rafael, Kunst, Michael, Risch, Roberto, Rojo-Guerra, Manuel A., Haak, Wolfgang, Alt, Kurt W., Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Filología Griega y Filología Latina, Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, Roth, Christina, Brandt, Guido, Rihuete-Herrada, Cristina, Tejedor-Rodríguez, Cristina, Held, Petra, García-Martínez-de-Lagrán, Íñigo, Arcusa Magallón, Héctor, Zesch, Stephanie, Knipper, Corina, Bánffy, Eszter, Friederich, Susanne, Meller, Harald, Bueno Ramírez, Primitiva, Barroso Bermejo, Rosa, Balbín Behrmann, Rodrigo de, Herrero-Corral, Ana M., Flores Fernández, Raúl, Alonso-Fernández, Carmen, Jiménez Echevarria, Javier, Rindlisbacher, Laura, Oliart, Camila, Fregeiro, María-Inés, Soriano, Ignacio, Vicente, Oriol, Micó, Rafael, Lull, Vicente, Soler Díaz, Jorge A., López Padilla, Juan Antonio, Roca de Togores Muñoz, Consuelo, Hernández Pérez, Mauro S., Jover Maestre, Francisco Javier, Lomba Maurandi, Joaquín, Avilés Fernández, Azucena, Lillios, Katina T., Silva, Ana Maria, Ramalho, Miguel Magalhães, Oosterbeek, Luiz Miguel, Cunha, Claudia, Waterman, Anna J., Roig Buxó, Jordi, Martínez, Andrés, Ponce Martínez, Juana, Hunt Ortiz, Mark, Mejías-García, Juan Carlos, Pecero Espín, Juan Carlos, Cruz-Auñón Briones, Rosario, Tomé, Tiago, Carmona Ballestero, Eduardo, Cardoso, João Luís, Araújo, Ana Cristina, Liesau von Lettow-Vorbeck, Corina, Blasco Bosqued, Concepción, Ríos Mendoza, Patricia, Pujante, Ana, Royo-Guillén, José I., Esquembre Beviá, Marco Aurelio, Goncalves, Victor Manuel Dos Santos, Parreira, Rui, Morán Hernández, Elena, Méndez Izquierdo, Elena, Vega y Miguel, Jorge, Menduiña García, Roberto, Martínez Calvo, Victoria, López Jiménez, Oscar, Krause, Johannes, Pichler, Sandra L., Garrido-Pena, Rafael, Kunst, Michael, Risch, Roberto, Rojo-Guerra, Manuel A., Haak, Wolfgang, and Alt, Kurt W.
Abstract: Agriculture first reached the Iberian Peninsula around 5700 BCE. However, little is known about the genetic structure and changes of prehistoric populations in different geographic areas of Iberia. In our study, we focus on the maternal genetic makeup of the Neolithic (~ 5500–3000 BCE), Chalcolithic (~ 3000–2200 BCE) and Early Bronze Age (~ 2200–1500 BCE). We report ancient mitochondrial DNA results of 213 individuals (151 HVS-I sequences) from the northeast, central, southeast and southwest regions and thus on the largest archaeogenetic dataset from the Peninsula to date. Similar to other parts of Europe, we observe a discontinuity between hunter-gatherers and the first farmers of the Neolithic. During the subsequent periods, we detect regional continuity of Early Neolithic lineages across Iberia, however the genetic contribution of hunter-gatherers is generally higher than in other parts of Europe and varies regionally. In contrast to ancient DNA findings from Central Europe, we do not observe a major turnover in the mtDNA record of the Iberian Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age, suggesting that the population history of the Iberian Peninsula is distinct in character.
Published: 2017

20. Palaeogenomes of Eurasian straight-tusked elephants challenge the current view of elephant evolution.

Author: Meyer, Matthias, Meyer, Matthias, Palkopoulou, Eleftheria, Baleka, Sina, Stiller, Mathias, Penkman, Kirsty EH, Alt, Kurt W, Ishida, Yasuko, Mania, Dietrich, Mallick, Swapan, Meijer, Tom, Meller, Harald, Nagel, Sarah, Nickel, Birgit, Ostritz, Sven, Rohland, Nadin, Schauer, Karol, Schüler, Tim, Roca, Alfred L, Reich, David, Shapiro, Beth, Hofreiter, Michael, Meyer, Matthias, Meyer, Matthias, Palkopoulou, Eleftheria, Baleka, Sina, Stiller, Mathias, Penkman, Kirsty EH, Alt, Kurt W, Ishida, Yasuko, Mania, Dietrich, Mallick, Swapan, Meijer, Tom, Meller, Harald, Nagel, Sarah, Nickel, Birgit, Ostritz, Sven, Rohland, Nadin, Schauer, Karol, Schüler, Tim, Roca, Alfred L, Reich, David, Shapiro, Beth, and Hofreiter, Michael
Abstract: The straight-tusked elephants Palaeoloxodon spp. were widespread across Eurasia during the Pleistocene. Phylogenetic reconstructions using morphological traits have grouped them with Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), and many paleontologists place Palaeoloxodon within Elephas. Here, we report the recovery of full mitochondrial genomes from four and partial nuclear genomes from two P. antiquus fossils. These fossils were collected at two sites in Germany, Neumark-Nord and Weimar-Ehringsdorf, and likely date to interglacial periods ~120 and ~244 thousand years ago, respectively. Unexpectedly, nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analyses suggest that P. antiquus was a close relative of extant African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis). Species previously referred to Palaeoloxodon are thus most parsimoniously explained as having diverged from the lineage of Loxodonta, indicating that Loxodonta has not been constrained to Africa. Our results demonstrate that the current picture of elephant evolution is in need of substantial revision.
Published: 2017

21. The maternal genetic make-up of the Iberian Peninsula between the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age

Author: Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Filología Griega y Filología Latina, Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, Roth, Christina, Brandt, Guido, Rihuete-Herrada, Cristina, Tejedor-Rodríguez, Cristina, Held, Petra, García-Martínez-de-Lagrán, Íñigo, Arcusa Magallón, Héctor, Zesch, Stephanie, Knipper, Corina, Bánffy, Eszter, Friederich, Susanne, Meller, Harald, Bueno Ramírez, Primitiva, Barroso Bermejo, Rosa, Balbín Behrmann, Rodrigo de, Herrero-Corral, Ana M., Flores Fernández, Raúl, Alonso-Fernández, Carmen, Jiménez Echevarria, Javier, Rindlisbacher, Laura, Oliart, Camila, Fregeiro, María-Inés, Soriano, Ignacio, Vicente, Oriol, Micó, Rafael, Lull, Vicente, Soler Díaz, Jorge A., López Padilla, Juan Antonio, Roca de Togores Muñoz, Consuelo, Hernández Pérez, Mauro S., Jover Maestre, Francisco Javier, Lomba Maurandi, Joaquín, Avilés Fernández, Azucena, Lillios, Katina T., Silva, Ana Maria, Ramalho, Miguel Magalhães, Oosterbeek, Luiz Miguel, Cunha, Claudia, Waterman, Anna J., Roig Buxó, Jordi, Martínez, Andrés, Ponce Martínez, Juana, Hunt Ortiz, Mark, Mejías-García, Juan Carlos, Pecero Espín, Juan Carlos, Cruz-Auñón Briones, Rosario, Tomé, Tiago, Carmona Ballestero, Eduardo, Cardoso, João Luís, Araújo, Ana Cristina, Liesau von Lettow-Vorbeck, Corina, Blasco Bosqued, Concepción, Ríos Mendoza, Patricia, Pujante, Ana, Royo-Guillén, José I., Esquembre Beviá, Marco Aurelio, Goncalves, Victor Manuel Dos Santos, Parreira, Rui, Morán Hernández, Elena, Méndez Izquierdo, Elena, Vega y Miguel, Jorge, Menduiña García, Roberto, Martínez Calvo, Victoria, López Jiménez, Oscar, Krause, Johannes, Pichler, Sandra L., Garrido-Pena, Rafael, Kunst, Michael, Risch, Roberto, Rojo-Guerra, Manuel A., Haak, Wolfgang, Alt, Kurt W., Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Filología Griega y Filología Latina, Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna, Roth, Christina, Brandt, Guido, Rihuete-Herrada, Cristina, Tejedor-Rodríguez, Cristina, Held, Petra, García-Martínez-de-Lagrán, Íñigo, Arcusa Magallón, Héctor, Zesch, Stephanie, Knipper, Corina, Bánffy, Eszter, Friederich, Susanne, Meller, Harald, Bueno Ramírez, Primitiva, Barroso Bermejo, Rosa, Balbín Behrmann, Rodrigo de, Herrero-Corral, Ana M., Flores Fernández, Raúl, Alonso-Fernández, Carmen, Jiménez Echevarria, Javier, Rindlisbacher, Laura, Oliart, Camila, Fregeiro, María-Inés, Soriano, Ignacio, Vicente, Oriol, Micó, Rafael, Lull, Vicente, Soler Díaz, Jorge A., López Padilla, Juan Antonio, Roca de Togores Muñoz, Consuelo, Hernández Pérez, Mauro S., Jover Maestre, Francisco Javier, Lomba Maurandi, Joaquín, Avilés Fernández, Azucena, Lillios, Katina T., Silva, Ana Maria, Ramalho, Miguel Magalhães, Oosterbeek, Luiz Miguel, Cunha, Claudia, Waterman, Anna J., Roig Buxó, Jordi, Martínez, Andrés, Ponce Martínez, Juana, Hunt Ortiz, Mark, Mejías-García, Juan Carlos, Pecero Espín, Juan Carlos, Cruz-Auñón Briones, Rosario, Tomé, Tiago, Carmona Ballestero, Eduardo, Cardoso, João Luís, Araújo, Ana Cristina, Liesau von Lettow-Vorbeck, Corina, Blasco Bosqued, Concepción, Ríos Mendoza, Patricia, Pujante, Ana, Royo-Guillén, José I., Esquembre Beviá, Marco Aurelio, Goncalves, Victor Manuel Dos Santos, Parreira, Rui, Morán Hernández, Elena, Méndez Izquierdo, Elena, Vega y Miguel, Jorge, Menduiña García, Roberto, Martínez Calvo, Victoria, López Jiménez, Oscar, Krause, Johannes, Pichler, Sandra L., Garrido-Pena, Rafael, Kunst, Michael, Risch, Roberto, Rojo-Guerra, Manuel A., Haak, Wolfgang, and Alt, Kurt W.
Abstract: Agriculture first reached the Iberian Peninsula around 5700 BCE. However, little is known about the genetic structure and changes of prehistoric populations in different geographic areas of Iberia. In our study, we focus on the maternal genetic makeup of the Neolithic (~ 5500–3000 BCE), Chalcolithic (~ 3000–2200 BCE) and Early Bronze Age (~ 2200–1500 BCE). We report ancient mitochondrial DNA results of 213 individuals (151 HVS-I sequences) from the northeast, central, southeast and southwest regions and thus on the largest archaeogenetic dataset from the Peninsula to date. Similar to other parts of Europe, we observe a discontinuity between hunter-gatherers and the first farmers of the Neolithic. During the subsequent periods, we detect regional continuity of Early Neolithic lineages across Iberia, however the genetic contribution of hunter-gatherers is generally higher than in other parts of Europe and varies regionally. In contrast to ancient DNA findings from Central Europe, we do not observe a major turnover in the mtDNA record of the Iberian Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age, suggesting that the population history of the Iberian Peninsula is distinct in character.
Published: 2017

22. [Sammelrezension zu:] Holger SONNABEND, Katastrophen in der Antike. Darmstadt/Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern 2013, 160 S., 19 s/w- und Farb-Abb. ; Jürgen HERGET, Am Anfang war die Sintflut. Hochwasserkatastrophen in der Geschichte. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft 2012, 160 S., durchgehend farbig bebildert ; Falko DAIM – Detlef GRONENBORN – Rainer SCHREG (Hgg.), Strategien zum Überleben. Umweltkrisen und ihre Bewältigung. Tagung des Römisch-Germanischen-Zentralmuseums, 19./20. September 2008, RGZM Tagungen 11. Mainz: Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums 2011, 312 S., 111 s/w-Abb.

Author: Alt, Kurt W., Ehmig, Ulrike, Alt, Kurt W., and Ehmig, Ulrike
Abstract: Autor des Bandes ist Holger Sonnabend, Althistoriker, einer der Organisatoren der Stuttgarter Kolloquien zur Historischen Geographie des Altertums und gemeinsam mit seiner Frau Anbieter von Studienreisen. Er hat bereits in einer 1999 erschienenen Monographie zentrale Überlegungen zu Naturkatastrophen im griechisch-römischen Altertum vorgelegt (Naturkatastrophen in der Antike. Wahrnehmung – Deutung – Management, Weimar 1999). ... Jürgen Herget lehrt als physischer Geograph an der Universität Bonn. Der Forschungsschwerpunkt seiner Arbeitsgruppe liegt in der Rekonstruktion historischer Hochwasser. Ausgehend von Methoden der fluvialen Geomorphologie und Paläohydrologie hat Herget in den vergangenen 15 Jahren eine Reihe von Beiträgen zu entsprechenden Naturrisiken und den damit verbundenen gesellschaftlich-politischen Folgen vorgelegt. ... Die drei Herausgeber sind Mitarbeiter am Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseum Mainz (RGZM): Generaldirektor und Mittelalterarchäologe Falko Daim, Konservator und Ur- und Frühgeschichtler Detlef Gronenborn mit Forschungsschwerpunkten im Neolithikum, der Paläoklimatologie, Theoriediskussion und sozialen Netzwerkanalyse sowie wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter und Vor- und Frühgeschichtler Rainer Schreg, dessen Schwerpunkte in der archäologischen Umweltforschung und historischen Archäologie liegen. ...
Published: 2014

23. Los primeros pastores trashumantes de la Alta Ribagorza

Author: Rojo-Guerra, Manuel, Arcusa, Héctor, Peña-Chocarro, Leonor, Royo, José Ignacio, Tejedor-Rodríguez, Cristina, García Martínez de Lagrán, Íñigo, Garrido Pena, Rafael, Moreno García, Marta, Pimenta, Carlos M., Mazzucco, Niccolò, Gibaja, Juan Francisco, Pérez Jordá, Guillem, Jiménez Jiménez, Irene, Iriarte, Eneko, Alt, Kurt W., Rojo-Guerra, Manuel, Arcusa, Héctor, Peña-Chocarro, Leonor, Royo, José Ignacio, Tejedor-Rodríguez, Cristina, García Martínez de Lagrán, Íñigo, Garrido Pena, Rafael, Moreno García, Marta, Pimenta, Carlos M., Mazzucco, Niccolò, Gibaja, Juan Francisco, Pérez Jordá, Guillem, Jiménez Jiménez, Irene, Iriarte, Eneko, and Alt, Kurt W.
Abstract: Los autores utilizan argumentos arqueológicos y arqueobiológicos para plantear la hipótesis de que quienes ocuparon la Cova de Els Trocs desde el último cuarto del VI mileno calANE hasta finales del IV (ibídem, Tab. I). Eran grupos humanos poco numerosos que practicaban una economía primordialmente pastoril. Las ocupaciones de la cueva fueron recurrentes y estacionales, llegando a estos parajes a finales de primavera o principios de verano y abandonándolos a finales de septiembre, cuando los días reducen drásticamente las horas de luz. Plantean posibles procedencias y caminos de acceso a estos pastos de verano entre las cabeceras de los ríos Ésera e Isábena y defienden un tipo de actividad trashumante o trasterminante ya desde el VI milenio calANE.
Published: 2014

24. Pastores trashumantes del Neolítico antiguo en un entorno de alta montaña: secuencia crono-cultural de la Cova de Els Trocs (San Feliú de Veri, Huesca)

Author: Gibaja Bao, Juan Francisco, Ortega Cobos, David, Alt, Kurt W., Kromer, Bernd, Moreno García, Marta, Mazzucco, Niccolò, Rojo Guerra, Manuel Ángel, Peña Chocarro, Leonor, Royo Guillén, José Ignacio, Tejedor Rodríguez, Cristina, García-Martínez de Lagrán, Iñigo, Arcusa Magallón, Héctor, Garrido Pena, Rafael, Gibaja Bao, Juan Francisco, Ortega Cobos, David, Alt, Kurt W., Kromer, Bernd, Moreno García, Marta, Mazzucco, Niccolò, Rojo Guerra, Manuel Ángel, Peña Chocarro, Leonor, Royo Guillén, José Ignacio, Tejedor Rodríguez, Cristina, García-Martínez de Lagrán, Iñigo, Arcusa Magallón, Héctor, and Garrido Pena, Rafael
Abstract: This paper presents the preliminary results of the excavation of the “Els Trocs’’ Cave, developed in the context of the research project “The pathways of the Neolithic”. The careful and detailed work of excavation and recording has revealed a complex stratigraphy in which, thanks to the radiocarbon dates on short-lived samples (cereal seeds, human bones and domestic animal remains), it has been possible to distinguish four different periods of occupation inside the cave. With this information and some preliminary analyses of part of the materials (pottery, flint and faunal remains), we have documented the presence of a human group in the mountain pastures of the axial Pyrennes, at a very early stage (beginning of the last third of the Vlth millennium cal. BC), with a transhumant pastoral economy. It was a fully neolithic population with clear evidences of the use of wheat and barley, despite they did not cultivate around the close environment of this cave, where complex burial rituals had been also documented., Este trabajo presenta los resultados preliminares obtenidos en la excavación de la Cova de Els Trocs, desarrollada dentro del proyecto de investigación "Los caminos del Neolítico". La minuciosa labor de excavación y de registro ha permitido establecer una compleja secuencia estratigráfica en la que, gracias a una veintena de dataciones radiocarbónicas sobre eventos singulares de vida corta (semillas de cereal, huesos humanos y fauna doméstica), se han podido diferenciar cuatro momentos de ocupación distintos de la cueva. Con estos datos y algunos análisis, también preliminares, de parte del registro (cerámica, sílex y restos faunísticos), se ha podido definir, en una época muy temprana (inicios del último tercio del VI milenio cal. BC.), la presencia en los pastos de montaña del Pirineo axial de un grupo humano que desarrolla una actividad pastoril trashumante. Una población plenamente neolitizada, que conoce el trigo y la cebada, aunque no los cultive en el entorno de la cueva, y que, a tenor de ciertas evidencias, practica complejos rituales tanatológicos.
Published: 2013

25. Pastores trashumantes del Neolítico antiguo en un entorno de alta montaña: secuencia crono-cultural de la Cova de Els Trocs (San Feliú de Veri, Huesca)

Author: Gibaja Bao, Juan Francisco, Ortega Cobos, David, Alt, Kurt W., Kromer, Bernd, Moreno García, Marta, Mazzucco, Niccolò, Rojo Guerra, Manuel Ángel, Peña Chocarro, Leonor, Royo Guillén, José Ignacio, Tejedor Rodríguez, Cristina, García-Martínez de Lagrán, Iñigo, Arcusa Magallón, Héctor, Garrido Pena, Rafael, Gibaja Bao, Juan Francisco, Ortega Cobos, David, Alt, Kurt W., Kromer, Bernd, Moreno García, Marta, Mazzucco, Niccolò, Rojo Guerra, Manuel Ángel, Peña Chocarro, Leonor, Royo Guillén, José Ignacio, Tejedor Rodríguez, Cristina, García-Martínez de Lagrán, Iñigo, Arcusa Magallón, Héctor, and Garrido Pena, Rafael
Abstract: This paper presents the preliminary results of the excavation of the “Els Trocs’’ Cave, developed in the context of the research project “The pathways of the Neolithic”. The careful and detailed work of excavation and recording has revealed a complex stratigraphy in which, thanks to the radiocarbon dates on short-lived samples (cereal seeds, human bones and domestic animal remains), it has been possible to distinguish four different periods of occupation inside the cave. With this information and some preliminary analyses of part of the materials (pottery, flint and faunal remains), we have documented the presence of a human group in the mountain pastures of the axial Pyrennes, at a very early stage (beginning of the last third of the Vlth millennium cal. BC), with a transhumant pastoral economy. It was a fully neolithic population with clear evidences of the use of wheat and barley, despite they did not cultivate around the close environment of this cave, where complex burial rituals had been also documented., Este trabajo presenta los resultados preliminares obtenidos en la excavación de la Cova de Els Trocs, desarrollada dentro del proyecto de investigación "Los caminos del Neolítico". La minuciosa labor de excavación y de registro ha permitido establecer una compleja secuencia estratigráfica en la que, gracias a una veintena de dataciones radiocarbónicas sobre eventos singulares de vida corta (semillas de cereal, huesos humanos y fauna doméstica), se han podido diferenciar cuatro momentos de ocupación distintos de la cueva. Con estos datos y algunos análisis, también preliminares, de parte del registro (cerámica, sílex y restos faunísticos), se ha podido definir, en una época muy temprana (inicios del último tercio del VI milenio cal. BC.), la presencia en los pastos de montaña del Pirineo axial de un grupo humano que desarrolla una actividad pastoril trashumante. Una población plenamente neolitizada, que conoce el trigo y la cebada, aunque no los cultive en el entorno de la cueva, y que, a tenor de ciertas evidencias, practica complejos rituales tanatológicos.
Published: 2013

26. Pastores trashumantes del Neolítico antiguo en un entorno de alta montaña: secuencia crono-cultural de la Cova de Els Trocs (San Feliú de Veri, Huesca)

Author: Rojo-Guerra, Manuel, Peña-Chocarro, Leonor, Royo, José Ignacio, Tejedor-Rodríguez, Cristina, García Martínez de Lagrán, Íñigo, Arcusa, Héctor, Garrido Pena, Rafael, Moreno García, Marta, Mazzucco, Niccolò, Gibaja, Juan Francisco, Ortega i Cobos, David, Kromer, Bernd, Alt, Kurt W., Rojo-Guerra, Manuel, Peña-Chocarro, Leonor, Royo, José Ignacio, Tejedor-Rodríguez, Cristina, García Martínez de Lagrán, Íñigo, Arcusa, Héctor, Garrido Pena, Rafael, Moreno García, Marta, Mazzucco, Niccolò, Gibaja, Juan Francisco, Ortega i Cobos, David, Kromer, Bernd, and Alt, Kurt W.
Abstract: [EN] This paper presents the preliminary results of the excavation of the “Els Trocs” Cave, developed in the context of the research project “The pathways of the Neolithic”. The careful and detailed work of excavation and recording has revealed a complex stratigraphy in which, thanks to the radiocarbon dates on short-lived samples (cereal seeds, human bones and domestic animal remains), it has been possible to distinguish four different periods of occupation inside the cave. With this information and some preliminary analyses of part of the materials (pottery, flint and faunal remains), we have documented the presence of a human group in the mountain pastures of the axial Pyrennes, at a very early stage (beginning of the last third of the VIth millennium cal. BC), with a transhumant pastoral economy. It was a fully neolithic population with clear evidences of the use of wheat and barley, despite they did not cultivate around the close environment of this cave, where complex burial rituals had been also documented., [ES] Este trabajo presenta los resultados preliminares obtenidos en la excavación de la Cova de Els Trocs, desarrollada dentro del proyecto de investigación "Los caminos del Neolítico". La minuciosa labor de excavación y de registro ha permitido establecer una compleja secuencia estratigráfica en la que, gracias a una veintena de dataciones radiocarbónicas sobre eventos singulares de vida corta (semillas de cereal, huesos humanos y fauna doméstica), se han podido diferenciar cuatro momentos de ocupación distintos de la cueva. Con estos datos y algunos análisis, también preliminares, de parte del registro (cerámica, sílex y restos faunísticos), se ha podido definir, en una época muy temprana (inicios del último tercio del VI milenio cal. BC.), la presencia en los pastos de montaña del Pirineo axial de un grupo humano que desarrolla una actividad pastoril trashumante. Una población plenamente neolitizada, que conoce el trigo y la cebada, aunque no los cultive en el entorno de la cueva, y que, a tenor de ciertas evidencias, practica complejos rituales tanatológicos.
Published: 2013

27. Bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr in different environmental samples — Effects of anthropogenic contamination and implications for isoscapes in past migration studies

Author: Maurer, Anne-France, Galer, Stephen J. G., Knipper, Corina, Beierlein, Lars, Nunn, Elizabeth V., Peters, Daniel, Tütken, Thomas, Alt, Kurt W., Schöne, Bernd R., Maurer, Anne-France, Galer, Stephen J. G., Knipper, Corina, Beierlein, Lars, Nunn, Elizabeth V., Peters, Daniel, Tütken, Thomas, Alt, Kurt W., and Schöne, Bernd R.
Abstract: 87Sr/86Sr reference maps (isoscapes) are a key tool for investigating past human and animal migrations. However, there is little understanding of which biosphere samples are best proxies for local bioavailable Sr when dealing with movements of past populations. In this study, biological and geological samples (ground vegetation, tree leaves, rock leachates, water, soil extracts, as well as modern and archeological animal teeth and snail shells) were collected in the vicinity of two early medieval cemeteries (“Thuringians”, 5–6th century AD) in central Germany, in order to characterize 87Sr/86Sr of the local biosphere. Animal tooth enamel is not appropriate in this specific context to provide a reliable 87Sr/86Sr baseline for investigating past human migration. Archeological faunal teeth data (pig, sheep/goat, and cattle) indicates a different feeding area compared to that of the human population and modern deer teeth 87Sr/86Sr suggest the influence of chemical fertilizers. Soil leachates do not yield consistent 87Sr/86Sr, and 87Sr/86Sr of snail shells are biased towards values for soil carbonates. In contrast, water and vegetation samples seem to provide the most accurate estimates of bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr to generate Sr isoscapes in the study area. Long-term environmental archives of bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr such as freshwater bivalve shells and tree cores were examined in order to track potential historic anthropogenic contamination of the water and the vegetation. The data obtained from the archeological bivalve shells show that the modern rivers yield 87Sr/86Sr ratios which are similar to those of the past. However, the tree cores registered decreasing 87Sr/86Sr values over time towards present day likely mirroring anthropogenic activities such as forest liming, coal mining and/or soil acidification. The comparison of 87Sr/86Sr of the Thuringian skeletons excavated in the same area also shows that the vegetation samples are very likely anthropogenically influence
Published: 2012

28. Bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr in different environmental samples — Effects of anthropogenic contamination and implications for isoscapes in past migration studies

Author: Maurer, Anne-France, Galer, Stephen J. G., Knipper, Corina, Beierlein, Lars, Nunn, Elizabeth V., Peters, Daniel, Tütken, Thomas, Alt, Kurt W., Schöne, Bernd R., Maurer, Anne-France, Galer, Stephen J. G., Knipper, Corina, Beierlein, Lars, Nunn, Elizabeth V., Peters, Daniel, Tütken, Thomas, Alt, Kurt W., and Schöne, Bernd R.
Abstract: 87Sr/86Sr reference maps (isoscapes) are a key tool for investigating past human and animal migrations. However, there is little understanding of which biosphere samples are best proxies for local bioavailable Sr when dealing with movements of past populations. In this study, biological and geological samples (ground vegetation, tree leaves, rock leachates, water, soil extracts, as well as modern and archeological animal teeth and snail shells) were collected in the vicinity of two early medieval cemeteries (“Thuringians”, 5–6th century AD) in central Germany, in order to characterize 87Sr/86Sr of the local biosphere. Animal tooth enamel is not appropriate in this specific context to provide a reliable 87Sr/86Sr baseline for investigating past human migration. Archeological faunal teeth data (pig, sheep/goat, and cattle) indicates a different feeding area compared to that of the human population and modern deer teeth 87Sr/86Sr suggest the influence of chemical fertilizers. Soil leachates do not yield consistent 87Sr/86Sr, and 87Sr/86Sr of snail shells are biased towards values for soil carbonates. In contrast, water and vegetation samples seem to provide the most accurate estimates of bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr to generate Sr isoscapes in the study area. Long-term environmental archives of bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr such as freshwater bivalve shells and tree cores were examined in order to track potential historic anthropogenic contamination of the water and the vegetation. The data obtained from the archeological bivalve shells show that the modern rivers yield 87Sr/86Sr ratios which are similar to those of the past. However, the tree cores registered decreasing 87Sr/86Sr values over time towards present day likely mirroring anthropogenic activities such as forest liming, coal mining and/or soil acidification. The comparison of 87Sr/86Sr of the Thuringian skeletons excavated in the same area also shows that the vegetation samples are very likely anthropogenically influence
Published: 2012

29. Mobility or migration : a case study from the Neolithic settlement of Nieder-Morlen (Hessen, Germany)

Author: Nehlich, Olaf, Montgomery, Janet, Evans, Jane, Schade-Lindig, Sabine, Pichler, Sandra L., Richards, Mike P., Alt, Kurt W., Nehlich, Olaf, Montgomery, Janet, Evans, Jane, Schade-Lindig, Sabine, Pichler, Sandra L., Richards, Mike P., and Alt, Kurt W.
Abstract: A combination of stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of collagen and radiogenic strontium isotope analysis of tooth enamel was used to investigate diet and mobility at the early Neolithic settlement of Nieder-Mo¨ rlen in Germany. The carbon and nitrogen ratios suggest a mixed terrestrial based diet that is consistent with data previously published for early Neolithic sites in Europe. The strontium isotope data indicate a high degree of human mobility with only one individual having an isotope ratio consistent with locally derived strontium. Unusually, a group of non-local juveniles with isotope ratios typical of upland regions is also present at the settlement but there are no adult burials with such values. Whilst transhumance is considered as an explanation, it would not explain why these non-local juveniles lived foreshortened lives and other possible mechanisms are therefore discussed
Published: 2009

30. Mobility or migration : a case study from the Neolithic settlement of Nieder-Morlen (Hessen, Germany)

Author: Nehlich, Olaf, Montgomery, Janet, Evans, Jane, Schade-Lindig, Sabine, Pichler, Sandra L., Richards, Mike P., Alt, Kurt W., Nehlich, Olaf, Montgomery, Janet, Evans, Jane, Schade-Lindig, Sabine, Pichler, Sandra L., Richards, Mike P., and Alt, Kurt W.
Abstract: A combination of stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of collagen and radiogenic strontium isotope analysis of tooth enamel was used to investigate diet and mobility at the early Neolithic settlement of Nieder-Mo¨ rlen in Germany. The carbon and nitrogen ratios suggest a mixed terrestrial based diet that is consistent with data previously published for early Neolithic sites in Europe. The strontium isotope data indicate a high degree of human mobility with only one individual having an isotope ratio consistent with locally derived strontium. Unusually, a group of non-local juveniles with isotope ratios typical of upland regions is also present at the settlement but there are no adult burials with such values. Whilst transhumance is considered as an explanation, it would not explain why these non-local juveniles lived foreshortened lives and other possible mechanisms are therefore discussed
Published: 2009

31. Molar crown and root size relationship in anthropoid primates: 14th International Symposium on Dental Morphology, Greifswald

Author: Koppe, Thomas, Meyer, G, Alt, Kurt W., Kupczik, Kornelius, Olejniczak, Anthony J., Skinner, Matthew M., Hublin, Jean-Jacques, Koppe, Thomas, Meyer, G, Alt, Kurt W., Kupczik, Kornelius, Olejniczak, Anthony J., Skinner, Matthew M., and Hublin, Jean-Jacques
Published: 2009

32. How many landmarks? Assessing the classification accuracy of Pan lower molars using a geometric morphometric analysis of the occlusal basin as seen at the enamel-dentine junction: 14th International Symposium on Dental Morphology, Greifswald

Author: Koppe, Thomas, Meyer, G, Alt, Kurt W., Skinner, Matthew M., Gunz, Philipp, Wood, Bernard A., Hublin, Jean-Jacques, Koppe, Thomas, Meyer, G, Alt, Kurt W., Skinner, Matthew M., Gunz, Philipp, Wood, Bernard A., and Hublin, Jean-Jacques
Published: 2009

33. Rekonstruktion der Ernährungsweise in den mittel-und frühneolithischen Bevölkerungen von Trebur/Hessen und Herxheim/Pfalz anhand der Analyse stabiler Isotope

Author: Collins, Matthew James, Dürrwächter, Claudia, Craig, Oliver E., Taylor, G., Burger, J., Alt, Kurt W., Collins, Matthew James, Dürrwächter, Claudia, Craig, Oliver E., Taylor, G., Burger, J., and Alt, Kurt W.
Published: 2003

34. Rekonstruktion der Ernährungsweise in den mittel-und frühneolithischen Bevölkerungen von Trebur/Hessen und Herxheim/Pfalz anhand der Analyse stabiler Isotope

Author: Collins, Matthew James, Dürrwächter, Claudia, Craig, Oliver E., Taylor, G., Burger, J., Alt, Kurt W., Collins, Matthew James, Dürrwächter, Claudia, Craig, Oliver E., Taylor, G., Burger, J., and Alt, Kurt W.
Published: 2003

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34 results on '"Alt, Kurt W."'

1. Prevalence of taurodontism in a modern Austrian sample

2. A Healthier Smile in the Past? Dental Caries and Diet in Early Neolithic Farming Communities from Central Germany.

3. Nutrition and Health in Human Evolution-Past to Present

4. Genomic transformation and social organization during the Copper Age-Bronze Age transition in southern Iberia

5. Genomic transformation and social organization during the Copper Age–Bronze Age transition in southern Iberia

6. Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution

7. Genomic transformation and social organization during the Copper Age-Bronze Age transition in southern Iberia

8. Genomic transformation and social organization during the Copper Age–Bronze Age transition in southern Iberia

9. Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution

10. Genomic transformation and social organization during the Copper Age-Bronze Age transition in southern Iberia

11. Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution

12. Genomic transformation and social organization during the Copper Age-Bronze Age transition in southern Iberia

13. A massacre of early Neolithic farmers in the high Pyrenees at Els Trocs, Spain

14. Con pastores y ovejas en la vereda de la neolitización: una perspectiva integral de las evidencias arqueológicas de la cueva de Els Trocs (San Feliú de Veri/Bisaurri, Huesca)

15. Survival of Late Pleistocene Hunter-Gatherer Ancestry in the Iberian Peninsula

16. A comprehensive genomic history of extinct and living elephants

17. The genomic history of southeastern Europe

18. Palaeogenomes of Eurasian straight-tusked elephants challenge the current view of elephant evolution.

19. The maternal genetic make-up of the Iberian Peninsula between the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age

20. Palaeogenomes of Eurasian straight-tusked elephants challenge the current view of elephant evolution.

21. The maternal genetic make-up of the Iberian Peninsula between the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age

23. Los primeros pastores trashumantes de la Alta Ribagorza

24. Pastores trashumantes del Neolítico antiguo en un entorno de alta montaña: secuencia crono-cultural de la Cova de Els Trocs (San Feliú de Veri, Huesca)

25. Pastores trashumantes del Neolítico antiguo en un entorno de alta montaña: secuencia crono-cultural de la Cova de Els Trocs (San Feliú de Veri, Huesca)

26. Pastores trashumantes del Neolítico antiguo en un entorno de alta montaña: secuencia crono-cultural de la Cova de Els Trocs (San Feliú de Veri, Huesca)

27. Bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr in different environmental samples — Effects of anthropogenic contamination and implications for isoscapes in past migration studies

28. Bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr in different environmental samples — Effects of anthropogenic contamination and implications for isoscapes in past migration studies

29. Mobility or migration : a case study from the Neolithic settlement of Nieder-Morlen (Hessen, Germany)

30. Mobility or migration : a case study from the Neolithic settlement of Nieder-Morlen (Hessen, Germany)

31. Molar crown and root size relationship in anthropoid primates: 14th International Symposium on Dental Morphology, Greifswald

32. How many landmarks? Assessing the classification accuracy of Pan lower molars using a geometric morphometric analysis of the occlusal basin as seen at the enamel-dentine junction: 14th International Symposium on Dental Morphology, Greifswald

33. Rekonstruktion der Ernährungsweise in den mittel-und frühneolithischen Bevölkerungen von Trebur/Hessen und Herxheim/Pfalz anhand der Analyse stabiler Isotope

34. Rekonstruktion der Ernährungsweise in den mittel-und frühneolithischen Bevölkerungen von Trebur/Hessen und Herxheim/Pfalz anhand der Analyse stabiler Isotope

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