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1. Development of KI-TWPAs for the DARTWARS project

Author: Ahrens, F, Ferri, E, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Callegaro, L, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, D'Elia, A, Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Guarcello, C, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Moretti, R, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Piedjou, A, Piersanti, L, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Tocci, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Ahrens F., Ferri E., Avallone G., Barone C., Borghesi M., Callegaro L., Carapella G., Caricato A. P., Carusotto I., Cian A., D'Elia A., Gioacchino D. D., Enrico E., Falferi P., Fasolo L., Faverzani M., Filatrella G., Gatti C., Giachero A., Giubertoni D., Granata V., Guarcello C., Labranca D., Leo A., Ligi C., Maccarrone G., Mantegazzini F., Margesin B., Maruccio G., Mezzena R., Monteduro A. G., Moretti R., Nucciotti A., Oberto L., Origo L., Pagano S., Piedjou A. S., Piersanti L., Rettaroli A., Rizzato S., Tocci S., Vinante A., Zannoni M., Ahrens, F, Ferri, E, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Callegaro, L, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, D'Elia, A, Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Guarcello, C, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Moretti, R, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Piedjou, A, Piersanti, L, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Tocci, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Ahrens F., Ferri E., Avallone G., Barone C., Borghesi M., Callegaro L., Carapella G., Caricato A. P., Carusotto I., Cian A., D'Elia A., Gioacchino D. D., Enrico E., Falferi P., Fasolo L., Faverzani M., Filatrella G., Gatti C., Giachero A., Giubertoni D., Granata V., Guarcello C., Labranca D., Leo A., Ligi C., Maccarrone G., Mantegazzini F., Margesin B., Maruccio G., Mezzena R., Monteduro A. G., Moretti R., Nucciotti A., Oberto L., Origo L., Pagano S., Piedjou A. S., Piersanti L., Rettaroli A., Rizzato S., Tocci S., Vinante A., and Zannoni M.
Abstract: Noise at the quantum limit over a broad bandwidth is a fundamental requirement for future cryogenic experiments for neutrino mass measurements, dark matter searches and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) measurements as well as for fast high-fidelity read-out of superconducting qubits. In the last years, Josephson Parametric Amplifiers (JPA) have demonstrated noise levels close to the quantum limit, but due to their narrow bandwidth, only few detectors or qubits per line can be read out in parallel. An alternative and innovative solution is based on superconducting parametric amplification exploiting the travelling-wave concept. Within the DARTWARS (Detector Array Readout with Travelling Wave AmplifieRS) project, we develop Kinetic Inductance Travelling-Wave Parametric Amplifiers (KI-TWPAs) for low temperature detectors and qubit read-out. KI-TWPAs are typically operated in a threewave mixing (3WM) mode and are characterised by a high gain, a high saturation power, a large amplification bandwidth and nearly quantum limited noise performance. The goal of the DARTWARS project is to optimise the KI-TWPA design, explore new materials, and investigate alternative fabrication processes in order to enhance the overall performance of the amplifier. In this contribution we present the advancements made by the DARTWARS collaboration to produce a working prototype of a KI-TWPA, from the fabrication to the characterisation.
Published: 2024

2. Experimental Characterization of RF-SQUIDs Based Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier Exploiting Resonant Phase Matching Scheme

Author: Fasolo, L, Ahrens, F, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Callegaro, L, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, D'Elia, A, Gioacchino, D, Falferi, P, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Guarcello, C, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Livreri, P, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Moretti, R, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Piedjou, A, Piersanti, L, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Tocci, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Giachero, A, Enrico, E, Fasolo, L., Ahrens, F., Avallone, G., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Callegaro, L., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Carusotto, I., Cian, A., D'Elia, A., Gioacchino, D. Di, Falferi, P., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giubertoni, D., Granata, V., Guarcello, C., Labranca, D., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Livreri, P., Maccarrone, G., Mantegazzini, F., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Moretti, R., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Origo, L., Pagano, S., Piedjou, A. S., Piersanti, L., Rettaroli, A., Rizzato, S., Tocci, S., Vinante, A., Zannoni, M., Giachero, A., Enrico, E., Fasolo, L, Ahrens, F, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Callegaro, L, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, D'Elia, A, Gioacchino, D, Falferi, P, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Guarcello, C, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Livreri, P, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Moretti, R, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Piedjou, A, Piersanti, L, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Tocci, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Giachero, A, Enrico, E, Fasolo, L., Ahrens, F., Avallone, G., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Callegaro, L., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Carusotto, I., Cian, A., D'Elia, A., Gioacchino, D. Di, Falferi, P., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giubertoni, D., Granata, V., Guarcello, C., Labranca, D., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Livreri, P., Maccarrone, G., Mantegazzini, F., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Moretti, R., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Origo, L., Pagano, S., Piedjou, A. S., Piersanti, L., Rettaroli, A., Rizzato, S., Tocci, S., Vinante, A., Zannoni, M., Giachero, A., and Enrico, E.
Abstract: This study presents recent advancements in Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers (JTWPAs) developed and tested at INRiM within the DARTWARS project framework. Combining Josephson junctions with superconducting coplanar waveguides, JTWPAs offer advanced capabilities for quantum-limited broadband microwave amplification and the emission of non-classical microwave radiation. The work delves into the architecture, optimization, and experimental characterization of a JTWPA with a Resonant Phase-Matching mechanism, highlighting signal gains and idler conversion factors in relation to pump power and signal frequency.
Published: 2024

3. Design and Simulation of a Transmon Qubit Chip for Axion Detection

Author: Moretti, R, Corti, H, Labranca, D, Ahrens, F, Avallone, G, Babusci, D, Banchi, L, Barone, C, Beretta, M, Borghesi, M, Buonomo, B, Calore, E, Carapella, G, Chiarello, F, Cian, A, Cidronali, A, Costa, F, Cuccoli, A, D'Elia, A, Gioacchino, D, Pascoli, S, Falferi, P, Fanciulli, M, Faverzani, M, Felici, G, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Foggetta, L, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giazotto, F, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Guarcello, C, Lamanna, G, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Macucci, M, Manara, G, Mantegazzini, F, Marconcini, P, Margesin, B, Mattioli, F, Miola, A, Nucciotti, A, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Paolucci, F, Piersanti, L, Rettaroli, A, Sanguinetti, S, Schifano, S, Spagnolo, P, Tocci, S, Toncelli, A, Torrioli, G, Vinante, A, Moretti R., Corti H. A., Labranca D., Ahrens F., Avallone G., Babusci D., Banchi L., Barone C., Beretta M. M., Borghesi M., Buonomo B., Calore E., Carapella G., Chiarello F., Cian A., Cidronali A., Costa F., Cuccoli A., D'Elia A., Gioacchino D. D., Pascoli S. D., Falferi P., Fanciulli M., Faverzani M., Felici G., Ferri E., Filatrella G., Foggetta L. G., Gatti C., Giachero A., Giazotto F., Giubertoni D., Granata V., Guarcello C., Lamanna G., Ligi C., Maccarrone G., Macucci M., Manara G., Mantegazzini F., Marconcini P., Margesin B., Mattioli F., Miola A., Nucciotti A., Origo L., Pagano S., Paolucci F., Piersanti L., Rettaroli A., Sanguinetti S., Schifano S. F., Spagnolo P., Tocci S., Toncelli A., Torrioli G., Vinante A., Moretti, R, Corti, H, Labranca, D, Ahrens, F, Avallone, G, Babusci, D, Banchi, L, Barone, C, Beretta, M, Borghesi, M, Buonomo, B, Calore, E, Carapella, G, Chiarello, F, Cian, A, Cidronali, A, Costa, F, Cuccoli, A, D'Elia, A, Gioacchino, D, Pascoli, S, Falferi, P, Fanciulli, M, Faverzani, M, Felici, G, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Foggetta, L, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giazotto, F, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Guarcello, C, Lamanna, G, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Macucci, M, Manara, G, Mantegazzini, F, Marconcini, P, Margesin, B, Mattioli, F, Miola, A, Nucciotti, A, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Paolucci, F, Piersanti, L, Rettaroli, A, Sanguinetti, S, Schifano, S, Spagnolo, P, Tocci, S, Toncelli, A, Torrioli, G, Vinante, A, Moretti R., Corti H. A., Labranca D., Ahrens F., Avallone G., Babusci D., Banchi L., Barone C., Beretta M. M., Borghesi M., Buonomo B., Calore E., Carapella G., Chiarello F., Cian A., Cidronali A., Costa F., Cuccoli A., D'Elia A., Gioacchino D. D., Pascoli S. D., Falferi P., Fanciulli M., Faverzani M., Felici G., Ferri E., Filatrella G., Foggetta L. G., Gatti C., Giachero A., Giazotto F., Giubertoni D., Granata V., Guarcello C., Lamanna G., Ligi C., Maccarrone G., Macucci M., Manara G., Mantegazzini F., Marconcini P., Margesin B., Mattioli F., Miola A., Nucciotti A., Origo L., Pagano S., Paolucci F., Piersanti L., Rettaroli A., Sanguinetti S., Schifano S. F., Spagnolo P., Tocci S., Toncelli A., Torrioli G., and Vinante A.
Abstract: Quantum Sensing is a rapidly expanding research field that finds one of its applications in Fundamental Physics, as the search for Dark Matter. Devices based on superconducting qubits have already been successfully applied in detecting few-GHz single photons via Quantum Non-Demolition measurement (QND). This technique allows us to perform repeatable measurements, bringing remarkable sensitivity improvements and dark count rate suppression in experiments based on high-precision microwave photon detection, such as for Axions and Dark Photons search. In this context, the INFN Qub-IT project goal is to realize an itinerant single-photon counter based on superconducting qubits that will exploit QND for enhancing Axion search experiments. In this study, we present Qub-IT's status towards the realization of its first superconducting qubit device, illustrating design and simulation procedures and the characterization of fabricated Coplanar Waveguide Resonators (CPWs) for readout. We match target qubit parameters and assess a few-percent level agreement between lumped and distributed element simulation models. We reach a maximum internal quality factor of 9.2×105 for -92 dBm on-chip readout power.
Published: 2024

4. Nonlinear Behavior of Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers

Author: Guarcello, C, Ahrens, F, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Callegaro, L, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, D'Elia, A, Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Leo, A, Labranca, D, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Moretti, R, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Komnang, A, Pagano, S, Piersanti, L, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Tocci, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Guarcello, Claudio, Ahrens, Felix, Avallone, Guerino, Barone, Carlo, Borghesi, Matteo, Callegaro, Luca, Carapella, Giovanni, Caricato, Anna Paola, Carusotto, Iacopo, Cian, Alessandro, D'Elia, Alessandro, Gioacchino, Daniele Di, Enrico, Emanuele, Falferi, Paolo, Fasolo, Luca, Faverzani, Marco, Ferri, Elena, Filatrella, Giovanni, Gatti, Claudio, Giachero, Andrea, Giubertoni, Damiano, Granata, Veronica, Leo, Angelo, Labranca, Danilo, Ligi, Carlo, Maccarrone, Giovanni, Mantegazzini, Federica, Margesin, Benno, Maruccio, Giuseppe, Mezzena, Renato, Monteduro, Anna Grazia, Moretti, Roberto, Nucciotti, Angelo, Oberto, Luca, Origo, Luca, Komnang, Alex Stephane Piedjou, Pagano, Sergio, Piersanti, Luca, Rettaroli, Alessio, Rizzato, Silvia, Tocci, Simone, Vinante, Andrea, Zannoni, Mario, Guarcello, C, Ahrens, F, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Callegaro, L, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, D'Elia, A, Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Leo, A, Labranca, D, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Moretti, R, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Komnang, A, Pagano, S, Piersanti, L, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Tocci, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Guarcello, Claudio, Ahrens, Felix, Avallone, Guerino, Barone, Carlo, Borghesi, Matteo, Callegaro, Luca, Carapella, Giovanni, Caricato, Anna Paola, Carusotto, Iacopo, Cian, Alessandro, D'Elia, Alessandro, Gioacchino, Daniele Di, Enrico, Emanuele, Falferi, Paolo, Fasolo, Luca, Faverzani, Marco, Ferri, Elena, Filatrella, Giovanni, Gatti, Claudio, Giachero, Andrea, Giubertoni, Damiano, Granata, Veronica, Leo, Angelo, Labranca, Danilo, Ligi, Carlo, Maccarrone, Giovanni, Mantegazzini, Federica, Margesin, Benno, Maruccio, Giuseppe, Mezzena, Renato, Monteduro, Anna Grazia, Moretti, Roberto, Nucciotti, Angelo, Oberto, Luca, Origo, Luca, Komnang, Alex Stephane Piedjou, Pagano, Sergio, Piersanti, Luca, Rettaroli, Alessio, Rizzato, Silvia, Tocci, Simone, Vinante, Andrea, and Zannoni, Mario
Abstract: Recent advancements in quantum technologies and advanced detection experiments have underscored the pressing need for the detection of exceedingly weak signals within the microwave frequency spectrum. Addressing this challenge, the Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier (JTWPA) has been proposed as a cryogenic front-end amplifier capable of approaching the quantum noise limit while providing a relevant bandwidth. This research is centered on a comprehensive numerical investigation of the JTWPA, without resorting to simplifications regarding the nonlinearity of the essential components. Specifically, this study focuses on a thorough examination of the system, characterized by coupled nonlinear differential equations representing all components of the device. Proper input and output signals at the device's boundaries are considered. The analysis of the output signals undergoing the parametric amplification process involves a detailed exploration of phase-space dynamics and Fourier spectral analysis of the output voltage. This study is conducted while considering the parameters ruling the response of the device under pump and signal excitations. In addition to the expected signal amplification, the findings reveal that the nonlinear nature of the system can give rise to unforeseen phenomena, depending on the system's operational conditions, which include: the generation of pump tone harmonics, modulation of the signal gain, and incommensurate frequency generation—effects that are not easily accommodated by simplistic linearized approaches. IEEE
Published: 2024

5. Broadband Parametric Amplification in DARTWARS

Author: Faverzani, M, Campana, P, Carobene, R, Gobbo, M, Ahrens, F, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Capelli, S, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Callegaro, L, Carusotto, I, Celotto, A, Cian, A, D’Elia, A, Di Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Guarcello, C, Irace, A, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Moretti, R, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Piedjou Komnang, A, Piersanti, L, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Tocci, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Giachero, A, Faverzani, M., Campana, P., Carobene, R., Gobbo, M., Ahrens, F., Avallone, G., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Capelli, S., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Callegaro, L., Carusotto, I., Celotto, A., Cian, A., D’Elia, A., Di Gioacchino, D., Enrico, E., Falferi, P., Fasolo, L., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giubertoni, D., Granata, V., Guarcello, C., Irace, A., Labranca, D., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Maccarrone, G., Mantegazzini, F., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Moretti, R., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Origo, L., Pagano, S., Piedjou Komnang, A. S., Piersanti, L., Rettaroli, A., Rizzato, S., Tocci, S., Vinante, A., Zannoni, M., Giachero, A., Faverzani, M, Campana, P, Carobene, R, Gobbo, M, Ahrens, F, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Capelli, S, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Callegaro, L, Carusotto, I, Celotto, A, Cian, A, D’Elia, A, Di Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Guarcello, C, Irace, A, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Moretti, R, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Piedjou Komnang, A, Piersanti, L, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Tocci, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Giachero, A, Faverzani, M., Campana, P., Carobene, R., Gobbo, M., Ahrens, F., Avallone, G., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Capelli, S., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Callegaro, L., Carusotto, I., Celotto, A., Cian, A., D’Elia, A., Di Gioacchino, D., Enrico, E., Falferi, P., Fasolo, L., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giubertoni, D., Granata, V., Guarcello, C., Irace, A., Labranca, D., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Maccarrone, G., Mantegazzini, F., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Moretti, R., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Origo, L., Pagano, S., Piedjou Komnang, A. S., Piersanti, L., Rettaroli, A., Rizzato, S., Tocci, S., Vinante, A., Zannoni, M., and Giachero, A.
Abstract: Superconducting parametric amplifiers offer the capability to amplify feeble signals with extremely low levels of added noise, potentially reaching quantum-limited amplification. This characteristic makes them essential components in the realm of high-fidelity quantum computing and serves to propel advancements in the field of quantum sensing. In particular, Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifiers (TWPAs) may be especially suitable for practical applications due to their multi-Gigahertz amplification bandwidth, a feature lacking in Josephson Parametric Amplifiers (JPAs), despite the latter being a more established technology. This paper presents recent developments of the DARTWARS (Detector Array Readout with Traveling Wave AmplifieRS) project, focusing on the latest prototypes of Kinetic Inductance TWPAs (KITWPAs). The project aims to develop a KITWPA capable of achieving 20 dB of amplification. To enhance the production yield, the first prototypes were fabricated with half the length and expected gain of the final device. In this paper, we present the results of the characterization of one of the half-length prototypes. The measurements revealed an average amplification of approximately 9 dB across a 2 GHz bandwidth for a KITWPA spanning 17 mm in length.
Published: 2024

6. Labile assembly of a tardigrade protein induces biostasis.

Author: Sanchez-Martinez, S, Sanchez-Martinez, S, Nguyen, K, Biswas, S, Nicholson, V, Romanyuk, A, Ramirez, J, Kc, S, Akter, A, Childs, C, Meese, E, Usher, E, Ginell, G, Yu, F, Gollub, E, Malferrari, M, Francia, F, Venturoli, G, Martin, E, Caporaletti, F, Giubertoni, G, Woutersen, S, Sukenik, S, Woolfson, D, Holehouse, A, Boothby, T, Sanchez-Martinez, S, Sanchez-Martinez, S, Nguyen, K, Biswas, S, Nicholson, V, Romanyuk, A, Ramirez, J, Kc, S, Akter, A, Childs, C, Meese, E, Usher, E, Ginell, G, Yu, F, Gollub, E, Malferrari, M, Francia, F, Venturoli, G, Martin, E, Caporaletti, F, Giubertoni, G, Woutersen, S, Sukenik, S, Woolfson, D, Holehouse, A, and Boothby, T
Abstract: Tardigrades are microscopic animals that survive desiccation by inducing biostasis. To survive drying tardigrades rely on intrinsically disordered CAHS proteins, which also function to prevent perturbations induced by drying in vitro and in heterologous systems. CAHS proteins have been shown to form gels both in vitro and in vivo, which has been speculated to be linked to their protective capacity. However, the sequence features and mechanisms underlying gel formation and the necessity of gelation for protection have not been demonstrated. Here we report a mechanism of fibrillization and gelation for CAHS D similar to that of intermediate filament assembly. We show that in vitro, gelation restricts molecular motion, immobilizing and protecting labile material from the harmful effects of drying. In vivo, we observe that CAHS D forms fibrillar networks during osmotic stress. Fibrillar networking of CAHS D improves survival of osmotically shocked cells. We observe two emergent properties associated with fibrillization; (i) prevention of cell volume change and (ii) reduction of metabolic activity during osmotic shock. We find that there is no significant correlation between maintenance of cell volume and survival, while there is a significant correlation between reduced metabolism and survival. Importantly, CAHS Ds fibrillar network formation is reversible and metabolic rates return to control levels after CAHS fibers are resolved. This work provides insights into how tardigrades induce reversible biostasis through the self-assembly of labile CAHS gels.
Published: 2024

7. Elucidating the role of water in collagen self-assembly by isotopically modulating collagen hydration

Author: Giubertoni, Giulia (author), Feng, Liru (author), Klein, Kevin (author), Giannetti, Guido (author), Rutten, Luco (author), van der Net, J.J.P. (author), Castro Linares, G. (author), Koenderink, G.H. (author), Woutersen, Sander (author), Giubertoni, Giulia (author), Feng, Liru (author), Klein, Kevin (author), Giannetti, Guido (author), Rutten, Luco (author), van der Net, J.J.P. (author), Castro Linares, G. (author), Koenderink, G.H. (author), and Woutersen, Sander (author)
Abstract: Water is known to play an important role in collagen self-assembly, but it is still largely unclear how water-collagen interactions influence the assembly process and determine the fibril network properties. Here, we use the H[Formula: see text]O/D[Formula: see text]O isotope effect on the hydrogen-bond strength in water to investigate the role of hydration in collagen self-assembly. We dissolve collagen in H[Formula: see text]O and D[Formula: see text]O and compare the growth kinetics and the structure of the collagen assemblies formed in these water isotopomers. Surprisingly, collagen assembly occurs ten times faster in D[Formula: see text]O than in H[Formula: see text]O, and collagen in D[Formula: see text]O self-assembles into much thinner fibrils, that form a more inhomogeneous and softer network, with a fourfold reduction in elastic modulus when compared to H[Formula: see text]O. Combining spectroscopic measurements with atomistic simulations, we show that collagen in D[Formula: see text]O is less hydrated than in H[Formula: see text]O. This partial dehydration lowers the enthalpic penalty for water removal and reorganization at the collagen-water interface, increasing the self-assembly rate and the number of nucleation centers, leading to thinner fibrils and a softer network. Coarse-grained simulations show that the acceleration in the initial nucleation rate can be reproduced by the enhancement of electrostatic interactions. These results show that water acts as a mediator between collagen monomers, by modulating their interactions so as to optimize the assembly process and, thus, the final network properties. We believe that isotopically modulating the hydration of proteins can be a valuable method to investigate the role of water in protein structural dynamics and protein self-assembly., BN/Gijsje Koenderink Lab
Published: 2024
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8. Organization and Activity of Italian Echocardiographic Laboratories: A Survey of the Italian Society of Echocardiography and Cardiovascular Imaging

Author: Ciampi, Q, Pepi, M, Antonini-Canterin, F, Barbieri, A, Barchitta, A, Faganello, G, Miceli, S, Parato, V, Tota, A, Trocino, G, Abbate, M, Accadia, M, Alemanni, R, Angelini, A, Anglano, F, Anselmi, M, Aquila, I, Aramu, S, Avogadri, E, Azzaro, G, Badano, L, Balducci, A, Ballocca, F, Barbarossa, A, Barbati, G, Barletta, V, Barone, D, Becherini, F, Benfari, G, Beraldi, M, Bergandi, G, Bilardo, G, Binno, S, Bolognesi, M, Bongiovi, S, Bragato, R, Braggion, G, Brancaleoni, R, Bursi, F, Dessalvi, C, Cameli, M, Canu, A, Capitelli, M, Capra, A, Carbonara, R, Carbone, M, Carbonella, M, Carrabba, N, Casavecchia, G, Casula, M, Chesi, E, Cicco, S, Citro, R, Cocchia, R, Colombo, B, Colonna, P, Conte, M, Corrado, G, Cortesi, P, Cortigiani, L, Costantino, M, Cozza, F, Cucchini, U, D'Angelo, M, Ros, S, D'Andrea, F, D'Andrea, A, D'Auria, F, De Caridi, G, De Feo, S, De Matteis, G, De Vecchi, S, Del Giudice, C, Dell'Angela, L, Delli Paoli, L, Dentamaro, I, Destefanis, P, Di Fulvio, M, Di Gaetano, R, Di Giannuario, G, Di Gioia, A, Di Martino, L, Di Muro, C, Di Nora, C, Di Salvo, G, Dodi, C, Dogliani, S, Donati, F, Dottori, M, Epifani, G, Fabiani, I, Ferrara, F, Ferrara, L, Ferrua, S, Filice, G, Fiorino, M, Forno, D, Garini, A, Giarratana, G, Gigantino, G, Giorgi, M, Giubertoni, E, Greco, C, Grigolato, M, Marra, W, Holzl, A, Iaiza, A, Iannaccone, A, Ilardi, F, Imbalzano, E, Inciardi, R, Inserra, C, Iori, E, Izzo, A, La Rosa, G, Labanti, G, Lanzone, A, Lanzoni, L, Lapetina, O, Leiballi, E, Librera, M, Lo Conte, C, Lo Monaco, M, Lombardo, A, Luciani, M, Lusardi, P, Magnante, A, Malagoli, A, Malatesta, G, Mancusi, C, Manes, M, Manganelli, F, Mantovani, F, Manuppelli, V, Marchese, V, Marinacci, L, Mattioli, R, Maurizio, C, Mazza, G, Mazza, S, Melis, M, Meloni, G, Merli, E, Milan, A, Minardi, G, Monaco, A, Monte, I, Montresor, G, Moreo, A, Mori, F, Morini, S, Moro, C, Morrone, D, Negri, F, Nipote, C, Nisi, F, Nocco, S, Novello, L, Nunziata, L, Perini, A, Parodi, A, Pasanisi, E, Pastorini, G, Pavasini, R, Pavoni, D, Pedone, C, Pelliccia, F, Pelliciari, G, Pelloni, E, Pergola, V, Perillo, G, Petruccelli, E, Pezzullo, C, Piacentini, G, Picardi, E, Pinna, G, Pizzarelli, M, Pizzuti, A, Poggi, M, Posteraro, A, Privitera, C, Rampazzo, D, Ratti, C, Rettegno, S, Ricci, F, Ricci, C, Rolando, C, Rossi, S, Rovera, C, Ruggieri, R, Russo, M, Sacchi, N, Saladino, A, Sani, F, Sartori, C, Scarabeo, V, Sciacqua, A, Scillone, A, Scopelliti, P, Scorza, A, Scozzafava, A, Serafini, F, Serra, W, Severino, S, Simeone, B, Sirico, D, Solari, M, Spadaro, G, Stefani, L, Strangio, A, Surace, F, Tamborini, G, Tarquinio, N, Tassone, E, Tavarozzi, I, Tchana, B, Tedesco, G, Tinto, M, Torzillo, D, Totaro, A, Triolo, O, Troisi, F, Tusa, M, Vancheri, F, Varasano, V, Venezia, A, Vermi, A, Villari, B, Zampi, G, Zannoni, J, Zito, C, Zugaro, A, Di Bella, G, Carerj, S, Ciampi Q., Pepi M., Antonini-Canterin F., Barbieri A., Barchitta A., Faganello G., Miceli S., Parato V. M., Tota A., Trocino G., Abbate M., Accadia M., Alemanni R., Angelini A., Anglano F., Anselmi M., Aquila I., Aramu S., Avogadri E., Azzaro G., Badano L., Balducci A., Ballocca F., Barbarossa A., Barbati G., Barletta V., Barone D., Becherini F., Benfari G., Beraldi M., Bergandi G., Bilardo G., Binno S. M., Bolognesi M., Bongiovi S., Bragato R. M., Braggion G., Brancaleoni R., Bursi F., Dessalvi C. C., Cameli M., Canu A., Capitelli M., Capra A. C. M., Carbonara R., Carbone M., Carbonella M., Carrabba N., Casavecchia G., Casula M., Chesi E., Cicco S., Citro R., Cocchia R., Colombo B. M., Colonna P., Conte M., Corrado G., Cortesi P., Cortigiani L., Costantino M. F., Cozza F., Cucchini U., D'Angelo M., Ros S. D., D'Andrea F., D'Andrea A., D'Auria F., De Caridi G., De Feo S., De Matteis G. M., De Vecchi S., Del Giudice C., Dell'Angela L., Delli Paoli L., Dentamaro I., Destefanis P., Di Fulvio M., Di Gaetano R., Di Giannuario G., Di Gioia A., Di Martino L. F. M., Di Muro C., Di Nora C., Di Salvo G., Dodi C., Dogliani S., Donati F., Dottori M., Epifani G., Fabiani I., Ferrara F., Ferrara L., Ferrua S., Filice G., Fiorino M., Forno D., Garini A., Giarratana G. A., Gigantino G., Giorgi M., Giubertoni E., Greco C. A., Grigolato M., Marra W. G., Holzl A., Iaiza A., Iannaccone A., Ilardi F., Imbalzano E., Inciardi R., Inserra C. A., Iori E., Izzo A., La Rosa G., Labanti G., Lanzone A. M., Lanzoni L., Lapetina O., Leiballi E., Librera M., Lo Conte C., Lo Monaco M., Lombardo A., Luciani M., Lusardi P., Magnante A., Malagoli A., Malatesta G., Mancusi C., Manes M. T., Manganelli F., Mantovani F., Manuppelli V., Marchese V., Marinacci L., Mattioli R., Maurizio C., Mazza G. A., Mazza S., Melis M., Meloni G., Merli E., Milan A., Minardi G., Monaco A., Monte I., Montresor G., Moreo A., Mori F., Morini S., Moro C., Morrone D., Negri F., Nipote C., Nisi F., Nocco S., Novello L., Nunziata L., Perini A. P., Parodi A., Pasanisi E. M., Pastorini G., Pavasini R., Pavoni D., Pedone C., Pelliccia F., Pelliciari G., Pelloni E., Pergola V., Perillo G., Petruccelli E., Pezzullo C., Piacentini G., Picardi E., Pinna G., Pizzarelli M., Pizzuti A., Poggi M. M., Posteraro A., Privitera C., Rampazzo D., Ratti C., Rettegno S., Ricci F., Ricci C., Rolando C., Rossi S., Rovera C., Ruggieri R., Russo M. G., Sacchi N., Saladino A., Sani F., Sartori C., Scarabeo V., Sciacqua A., Scillone A., Scopelliti P. A., Scorza A., Scozzafava A., Serafini F., Serra W., Severino S., Simeone B., Sirico D., Solari M., Spadaro G. L., Stefani L., Strangio A., Surace F. C., Tamborini G., Tarquinio N., Tassone E. J., Tavarozzi I., Tchana B., Tedesco G., Tinto M., Torzillo D., Totaro A., Triolo O. F., Troisi F., Tusa M., Vancheri F., Varasano V., Venezia A., Vermi A. C., Villari B., Zampi G., Zannoni J., Zito C., Zugaro A., Di Bella G., Carerj S., Ciampi, Q, Pepi, M, Antonini-Canterin, F, Barbieri, A, Barchitta, A, Faganello, G, Miceli, S, Parato, V, Tota, A, Trocino, G, Abbate, M, Accadia, M, Alemanni, R, Angelini, A, Anglano, F, Anselmi, M, Aquila, I, Aramu, S, Avogadri, E, Azzaro, G, Badano, L, Balducci, A, Ballocca, F, Barbarossa, A, Barbati, G, Barletta, V, Barone, D, Becherini, F, Benfari, G, Beraldi, M, Bergandi, G, Bilardo, G, Binno, S, Bolognesi, M, Bongiovi, S, Bragato, R, Braggion, G, Brancaleoni, R, Bursi, F, Dessalvi, C, Cameli, M, Canu, A, Capitelli, M, Capra, A, Carbonara, R, Carbone, M, Carbonella, M, Carrabba, N, Casavecchia, G, Casula, M, Chesi, E, Cicco, S, Citro, R, Cocchia, R, Colombo, B, Colonna, P, Conte, M, Corrado, G, Cortesi, P, Cortigiani, L, Costantino, M, Cozza, F, Cucchini, U, D'Angelo, M, Ros, S, D'Andrea, F, D'Andrea, A, D'Auria, F, De Caridi, G, De Feo, S, De Matteis, G, De Vecchi, S, Del Giudice, C, Dell'Angela, L, Delli Paoli, L, Dentamaro, I, Destefanis, P, Di Fulvio, M, Di Gaetano, R, Di Giannuario, G, Di Gioia, A, Di Martino, L, Di Muro, C, Di Nora, C, Di Salvo, G, Dodi, C, Dogliani, S, Donati, F, Dottori, M, Epifani, G, Fabiani, I, Ferrara, F, Ferrara, L, Ferrua, S, Filice, G, Fiorino, M, Forno, D, Garini, A, Giarratana, G, Gigantino, G, Giorgi, M, Giubertoni, E, Greco, C, Grigolato, M, Marra, W, Holzl, A, Iaiza, A, Iannaccone, A, Ilardi, F, Imbalzano, E, Inciardi, R, Inserra, C, Iori, E, Izzo, A, La Rosa, G, Labanti, G, Lanzone, A, Lanzoni, L, Lapetina, O, Leiballi, E, Librera, M, Lo Conte, C, Lo Monaco, M, Lombardo, A, Luciani, M, Lusardi, P, Magnante, A, Malagoli, A, Malatesta, G, Mancusi, C, Manes, M, Manganelli, F, Mantovani, F, Manuppelli, V, Marchese, V, Marinacci, L, Mattioli, R, Maurizio, C, Mazza, G, Mazza, S, Melis, M, Meloni, G, Merli, E, Milan, A, Minardi, G, Monaco, A, Monte, I, Montresor, G, Moreo, A, Mori, F, Morini, S, Moro, C, Morrone, D, Negri, F, Nipote, C, Nisi, F, Nocco, S, Novello, L, Nunziata, L, Perini, A, Parodi, A, Pasanisi, E, Pastorini, G, Pavasini, R, Pavoni, D, Pedone, C, Pelliccia, F, Pelliciari, G, Pelloni, E, Pergola, V, Perillo, G, Petruccelli, E, Pezzullo, C, Piacentini, G, Picardi, E, Pinna, G, Pizzarelli, M, Pizzuti, A, Poggi, M, Posteraro, A, Privitera, C, Rampazzo, D, Ratti, C, Rettegno, S, Ricci, F, Ricci, C, Rolando, C, Rossi, S, Rovera, C, Ruggieri, R, Russo, M, Sacchi, N, Saladino, A, Sani, F, Sartori, C, Scarabeo, V, Sciacqua, A, Scillone, A, Scopelliti, P, Scorza, A, Scozzafava, A, Serafini, F, Serra, W, Severino, S, Simeone, B, Sirico, D, Solari, M, Spadaro, G, Stefani, L, Strangio, A, Surace, F, Tamborini, G, Tarquinio, N, Tassone, E, Tavarozzi, I, Tchana, B, Tedesco, G, Tinto, M, Torzillo, D, Totaro, A, Triolo, O, Troisi, F, Tusa, M, Vancheri, F, Varasano, V, Venezia, A, Vermi, A, Villari, B, Zampi, G, Zannoni, J, Zito, C, Zugaro, A, Di Bella, G, Carerj, S, Ciampi Q., Pepi M., Antonini-Canterin F., Barbieri A., Barchitta A., Faganello G., Miceli S., Parato V. M., Tota A., Trocino G., Abbate M., Accadia M., Alemanni R., Angelini A., Anglano F., Anselmi M., Aquila I., Aramu S., Avogadri E., Azzaro G., Badano L., Balducci A., Ballocca F., Barbarossa A., Barbati G., Barletta V., Barone D., Becherini F., Benfari G., Beraldi M., Bergandi G., Bilardo G., Binno S. M., Bolognesi M., Bongiovi S., Bragato R. M., Braggion G., Brancaleoni R., Bursi F., Dessalvi C. C., Cameli M., Canu A., Capitelli M., Capra A. C. M., Carbonara R., Carbone M., Carbonella M., Carrabba N., Casavecchia G., Casula M., Chesi E., Cicco S., Citro R., Cocchia R., Colombo B. M., Colonna P., Conte M., Corrado G., Cortesi P., Cortigiani L., Costantino M. F., Cozza F., Cucchini U., D'Angelo M., Ros S. D., D'Andrea F., D'Andrea A., D'Auria F., De Caridi G., De Feo S., De Matteis G. M., De Vecchi S., Del Giudice C., Dell'Angela L., Delli Paoli L., Dentamaro I., Destefanis P., Di Fulvio M., Di Gaetano R., Di Giannuario G., Di Gioia A., Di Martino L. F. M., Di Muro C., Di Nora C., Di Salvo G., Dodi C., Dogliani S., Donati F., Dottori M., Epifani G., Fabiani I., Ferrara F., Ferrara L., Ferrua S., Filice G., Fiorino M., Forno D., Garini A., Giarratana G. A., Gigantino G., Giorgi M., Giubertoni E., Greco C. A., Grigolato M., Marra W. G., Holzl A., Iaiza A., Iannaccone A., Ilardi F., Imbalzano E., Inciardi R., Inserra C. A., Iori E., Izzo A., La Rosa G., Labanti G., Lanzone A. M., Lanzoni L., Lapetina O., Leiballi E., Librera M., Lo Conte C., Lo Monaco M., Lombardo A., Luciani M., Lusardi P., Magnante A., Malagoli A., Malatesta G., Mancusi C., Manes M. T., Manganelli F., Mantovani F., Manuppelli V., Marchese V., Marinacci L., Mattioli R., Maurizio C., Mazza G. A., Mazza S., Melis M., Meloni G., Merli E., Milan A., Minardi G., Monaco A., Monte I., Montresor G., Moreo A., Mori F., Morini S., Moro C., Morrone D., Negri F., Nipote C., Nisi F., Nocco S., Novello L., Nunziata L., Perini A. P., Parodi A., Pasanisi E. M., Pastorini G., Pavasini R., Pavoni D., Pedone C., Pelliccia F., Pelliciari G., Pelloni E., Pergola V., Perillo G., Petruccelli E., Pezzullo C., Piacentini G., Picardi E., Pinna G., Pizzarelli M., Pizzuti A., Poggi M. M., Posteraro A., Privitera C., Rampazzo D., Ratti C., Rettegno S., Ricci F., Ricci C., Rolando C., Rossi S., Rovera C., Ruggieri R., Russo M. G., Sacchi N., Saladino A., Sani F., Sartori C., Scarabeo V., Sciacqua A., Scillone A., Scopelliti P. A., Scorza A., Scozzafava A., Serafini F., Serra W., Severino S., Simeone B., Sirico D., Solari M., Spadaro G. L., Stefani L., Strangio A., Surace F. C., Tamborini G., Tarquinio N., Tassone E. J., Tavarozzi I., Tchana B., Tedesco G., Tinto M., Torzillo D., Totaro A., Triolo O. F., Troisi F., Tusa M., Vancheri F., Varasano V., Venezia A., Vermi A. C., Villari B., Zampi G., Zannoni J., Zito C., Zugaro A., Di Bella G., and Carerj S.
Abstract: Background: The Italian Society of Echocardiography and Cardiovascular Imaging (SIECVI) conducted a national survey to understand better how different echocardiographic modalities are used and accessed in Italy. Methods: We analyzed echocardiography laboratory activities over a month (November 2022). Data were retrieved via an electronic survey based on a structured questionnaire, uploaded on the SIECVI website. Results: Data were obtained from 228 echocardiographic laboratories: 112 centers (49%) in the northern, 43 centers (19%) in the central, and 73 (32%) in the southern regions. During the month of observation, we collected 101,050 transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) examinations performed in all centers. As concern other modalities there were performed 5497 transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) examinations in 161/228 centers (71%); 4057 stress echocardiography (SE) examinations in 179/228 centers (79%); and examinations with ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) in 151/228 centers (66%). We did not find significant regional variations between the different modalities. The usage of picture archiving and communication system (PACS) was significantly higher in the northern (84%) versus central (49%) and southern (45%) centers (P < 0.001). Lung ultrasound (LUS) was performed in 154 centers (66%), without difference between cardiology and noncardiology centers. The evaluation of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction was evaluated mainly using the qualitative method in 223 centers (94%), occasionally with the Simpson method in 193 centers (85%), and with selective use of the three-dimensional (3D) method in only 23 centers (10%). 3D TTE was present in 137 centers (70%), and 3D TEE in all centers where TEE was done (71%). The assessment of LV diastolic function was done routinely in 80% of the centers. Right ventricular function was evaluated using tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion in all centers, using tricuspid valve annular systolic velocity by tissue
Published: 2023

9. Imaging of Antiferroelectric Dark Modes in an Inverted Plasmonic Lattice

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Universidad de Barcelona, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (US), Department of Energy (US), Rodríguez-Álvarez, Javier [0000-0001-5822-4013], Labarta, Amilcar [0000-0003-0904-4678], Dell'Anna, Rossana [0000-0001-7147-6127], Giubertoni, Damiano [0000-0001-8197-8729], Fraile Rodríguez, Arantxa [0000-0003-2722-0882], Terradas-Batlle, Xavier [0000-0001-7897-2692], Rodríguez-Álvarez, Javier, Labarta, Amilcar, Idrobo, Juan Carlos, Dell'Anna, Rossana, Cian, Alessandro, Giubertoni, Damiano, Borrisé, Xavier, Guerrero, Albert, Perez Murano, Francesc X., Fraile Rodríguez, Arantxa, Terradas-Batlle, Xavier, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Universidad de Barcelona, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (US), Department of Energy (US), Rodríguez-Álvarez, Javier [0000-0001-5822-4013], Labarta, Amilcar [0000-0003-0904-4678], Dell'Anna, Rossana [0000-0001-7147-6127], Giubertoni, Damiano [0000-0001-8197-8729], Fraile Rodríguez, Arantxa [0000-0003-2722-0882], Terradas-Batlle, Xavier [0000-0001-7897-2692], Rodríguez-Álvarez, Javier, Labarta, Amilcar, Idrobo, Juan Carlos, Dell'Anna, Rossana, Cian, Alessandro, Giubertoni, Damiano, Borrisé, Xavier, Guerrero, Albert, Perez Murano, Francesc X., Fraile Rodríguez, Arantxa, and Terradas-Batlle, Xavier
Abstract: Plasmonic lattice nanostructures are of technological interest because of their capacity to manipulate light below the diffraction limit. Here, we present a detailed study of dark and bright modes in the visible and near-infrared energy regime of an inverted plasmonic honeycomb lattice by a combination of Au+ focused ion beam lithography with nanometric resolution, optical and electron spectroscopy, and finite-difference time-domain simulations. The lattice consists of slits carved in a gold thin film, exhibiting hotspots and a set of bright and dark modes. We proposed that some of the dark modes detected by electron energy-loss spectroscopy are caused by antiferroelectric arrangements of the slit polarizations with two times the size of the hexagonal unit cell. The plasmonic resonances take place within the 0.5-2 eV energy range, indicating that they could be suitable for a synergistic coupling with excitons in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides materials or for designing nanoscale sensing platforms based on near-field enhancement over a metallic surface.
Published: 2023

10. Progress in the development of a KITWPA for the DARTWARS project

Author: Borghesi, M, Barone, C, Capelli, S, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, Di Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Greco, A, Guarcello, C, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mauro, C, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Pierro, V, Piersanti, L, Rajteri, M, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Borghesi M., Barone C., Capelli S., Carapella G., Caricato A. P., Carusotto I., Cian A., Di Gioacchino D., Enrico E., Falferi P., Fasolo L., Faverzani M., Ferri E., Filatrella G., Gatti C., Giachero A., Giubertoni D., Granata V., Greco A., Guarcello C., Labranca D., Leo A., Ligi C., Maccarrone G., Mantegazzini F., Margesin B., Maruccio G., Mauro C., Mezzena R., Monteduro A. G., Nucciotti A., Oberto L., Origo L., Pagano S., Pierro V., Piersanti L., Rajteri M., Rettaroli A., Rizzato S., Vinante A., Zannoni M., Borghesi, M, Barone, C, Capelli, S, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, Di Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Greco, A, Guarcello, C, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mauro, C, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Pierro, V, Piersanti, L, Rajteri, M, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Borghesi M., Barone C., Capelli S., Carapella G., Caricato A. P., Carusotto I., Cian A., Di Gioacchino D., Enrico E., Falferi P., Fasolo L., Faverzani M., Ferri E., Filatrella G., Gatti C., Giachero A., Giubertoni D., Granata V., Greco A., Guarcello C., Labranca D., Leo A., Ligi C., Maccarrone G., Mantegazzini F., Margesin B., Maruccio G., Mauro C., Mezzena R., Monteduro A. G., Nucciotti A., Oberto L., Origo L., Pagano S., Pierro V., Piersanti L., Rajteri M., Rettaroli A., Rizzato S., Vinante A., and Zannoni M.
Abstract: DARTWARS (Detector Array Readout with Traveling Wave AmplifieRS) is a three years project that aims to develop high-performing innovative Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers (TWPAs) for low temperature detectors and qubit readout (C-band). The practical development follows two different promising approaches, one based on the Josephson junctions (TWJPA) and the other one based on the kinetic inductance of a high-resistivity superconductor (KITWPA). This paper presents the advancements made by the DARTWARS collaboration to produce a first working prototype of a KITWPA.
Published: 2023

11. Ultra low noise readout with traveling wave parametric amplifiers: The DARTWARS project

Author: Rettaroli, A, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Capelli, S, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, Di Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Greco, A, Guarcello, C, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mauro, C, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Pierro, V, Piersanti, L, Rajteri, M, Rizzato, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Rettaroli A., Barone C., Borghesi M., Capelli S., Carapella G., Caricato A. P., Carusotto I., Cian A., Di Gioacchino D., Enrico E., Falferi P., Fasolo L., Faverzani M., Ferri E., Filatrella G., Gatti C., Giachero A., Giubertoni D., Granata V., Greco A., Guarcello C., Labranca D., Leo A., Ligi C., Maccarrone G., Mantegazzini F., Margesin B., Maruccio G., Mauro C., Mezzena R., Monteduro A. G., Nucciotti A., Oberto L., Origo L., Pagano S., Pierro V., Piersanti L., Rajteri M., Rizzato S., Vinante A., Zannoni M., Rettaroli, A, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Capelli, S, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, Di Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Greco, A, Guarcello, C, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mauro, C, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Pierro, V, Piersanti, L, Rajteri, M, Rizzato, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Rettaroli A., Barone C., Borghesi M., Capelli S., Carapella G., Caricato A. P., Carusotto I., Cian A., Di Gioacchino D., Enrico E., Falferi P., Fasolo L., Faverzani M., Ferri E., Filatrella G., Gatti C., Giachero A., Giubertoni D., Granata V., Greco A., Guarcello C., Labranca D., Leo A., Ligi C., Maccarrone G., Mantegazzini F., Margesin B., Maruccio G., Mauro C., Mezzena R., Monteduro A. G., Nucciotti A., Oberto L., Origo L., Pagano S., Pierro V., Piersanti L., Rajteri M., Rizzato S., Vinante A., and Zannoni M.
Abstract: The DARTWARS project has the goal of developing high-performing innovative traveling wave parametric amplifiers with high gain, large bandwidth, high saturation power, and nearly quantum-limited noise. The target frequency region for its applications is 5–10 GHz, where the expected noise temperature is below 600 mK. The development follows two different approaches, one based on Josephson junctions and one based on kinetic inductance of superconductors. This contribution mainly focuses on the Josephson traveling wave parametric amplifier, presenting its design, preliminary measurements and the test of homogeneity of arrays of Josephson junctions.
Published: 2023

12. Modeling of Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers

Author: Guarcello, C, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Capelli, S, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, Di Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Greco, A, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mauro, C, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Pierro, V, Piersanti, L, Rajteri, M, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Guarcello, C., Avallone, G., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Capelli, S., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Carusotto, I., Cian, A., Di Gioacchino, D., Enrico, E., Falferi, P., Fasolo, L., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giachero, A., Giubertoni, D., Granata, V., Greco, A., Labranca, D., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Maccarrone, G., Mantegazzini, F., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mauro, C., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Origo, L., Pagano, S., Pierro, V., Piersanti, L., Rajteri, M., Rettaroli, A., Rizzato, S., Vinante, A., Zannoni, M., Guarcello, C, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Capelli, S, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, Di Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Greco, A, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mauro, C, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Pierro, V, Piersanti, L, Rajteri, M, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Guarcello, C., Avallone, G., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Capelli, S., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Carusotto, I., Cian, A., Di Gioacchino, D., Enrico, E., Falferi, P., Fasolo, L., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giachero, A., Giubertoni, D., Granata, V., Greco, A., Labranca, D., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Maccarrone, G., Mantegazzini, F., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mauro, C., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Origo, L., Pagano, S., Pierro, V., Piersanti, L., Rajteri, M., Rettaroli, A., Rizzato, S., Vinante, A., and Zannoni, M.
Abstract: The recent developments in quantum technologies, as well as advanced detection experiments, have raised the need to detect extremely weak signals in the microwave frequency spectrum. To this aim, the Josephson travelling wave parametric amplifier, a device capable of reaching the quantum noise limit while providing a wide bandwidth, has been proposed as a suitable cryogenic front-end amplifier. This work deals with the numerical study of a Josephson travelling wave parametric amplifier, without approximations regarding the nonlinearity of the key elements. In particular, we focus on the investigation of the system of coupled nonlinear differential equations representing all the cells of the Josephson travelling wave parametric amplifier, with proper input and output signals at the boundaries. The investigation of the output signals generated by the parametric amplification process explores the phase-space and the Fourier spectral analysis of the output voltage, as a function of the parameters describing the pump and signal tones that excite the device. Beside the expected behavior, i.e., the signal amplification, we show that, depending on the system operation, unwanted effects (such as pump tone harmonics, incommensurate frequency generation, and noise rise), which are not accounted for in simple linearized approaches, can be generated in the whole nonlinear system. IEEE
Published: 2023

13. Characterization of Traveling-Wave Josephson Parametric Amplifiers at T = 0.3 K

Author: Granata, V, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Capelli, S, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Greco, A, Guarcello, C, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mauro, C, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Pierro, V, Piersanti, L, Rajteri, M, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Granata, V., Avallone, G., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Capelli, S., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Carusotto, I., Cian, A., Gioacchino, D. Di, Enrico, E., Falferi, P., Fasolo, L., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giachero, A., Giubertoni, D., Greco, A., Guarcello, C., Labranca, D., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Maccarrone, G., Mantegazzini, F., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mauro, C., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Origo, L., Pagano, S., Pierro, V., Piersanti, L., Rajteri, M., Rettaroli, A., Rizzato, S., Vinante, A., Zannoni, M., Granata, V, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Capelli, S, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Greco, A, Guarcello, C, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mauro, C, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Pierro, V, Piersanti, L, Rajteri, M, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Granata, V., Avallone, G., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Capelli, S., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Carusotto, I., Cian, A., Gioacchino, D. Di, Enrico, E., Falferi, P., Fasolo, L., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giachero, A., Giubertoni, D., Greco, A., Guarcello, C., Labranca, D., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Maccarrone, G., Mantegazzini, F., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mauro, C., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Origo, L., Pagano, S., Pierro, V., Piersanti, L., Rajteri, M., Rettaroli, A., Rizzato, S., Vinante, A., and Zannoni, M.
Abstract: The growing interest in quantum technologies, from fundamental physics experiments to quantum computing, demands for extremely performing electronics only adding the minimum amount of noise admitted by quantum mechanics to the input signal (i.e. quantum-limited electronics). Superconducting microwave amplifiers, due to their dissipationless nature, exhibit outstanding performances in terms of noise (quantum limited), and gain. However, bandwidth and saturation power still show space for substantial improvement. Within the DARTWARS* collaboration, we are developing state-of-the-art microwave superconducting amplifiers based on Josephson junction arrays and on distributed kinetic inductance transmission lines. Here we report the realization of a setup for the characterization of the performances of Josephson Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifiers (JTWPA) at a temperature of 300 mK. Although in the final experimental setup these amplifiers will operate at a base temperature of about 20 mK, their characterization at 300 mK allows to evidence the main aspects of their performances, but the ultimate noise level. This represents a quick and relatively inexpensive way to test these superconductive devices that can be of help to improve their design and fabrication. IEEE
Published: 2023

14. Detector Array Readout with Traveling Wave Amplifiers

Author: Giachero, A, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Chang, W, Cian, A, Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giubertoni, D, Greco, A, Kutlu, C, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Matlashov, A, Mauro, C, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Pagano, S, Pierro, V, Piersanti, L, Rajteri, M, Rizzato, S, Semertzidis, Y, Uchaikin, S, Vinante, A, Giachero A., Barone C., Borghesi M., Carapella G., Caricato A. P., Carusotto I., Chang W., Cian A., Gioacchino D. D., Enrico E., Falferi P., Fasolo L., Faverzani M., Ferri E., Filatrella G., Gatti C., Giubertoni D., Greco A., Kutlu C., Leo A., Ligi C., Maccarrone G., Margesin B., Maruccio G., Matlashov A., Mauro C., Mezzena R., Monteduro A. G., Nucciotti A., Oberto L., Pagano S., Pierro V., Piersanti L., Rajteri M., Rizzato S., Semertzidis Y. K., Uchaikin S., Vinante A., Giachero, A, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Chang, W, Cian, A, Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giubertoni, D, Greco, A, Kutlu, C, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Matlashov, A, Mauro, C, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Pagano, S, Pierro, V, Piersanti, L, Rajteri, M, Rizzato, S, Semertzidis, Y, Uchaikin, S, Vinante, A, Giachero A., Barone C., Borghesi M., Carapella G., Caricato A. P., Carusotto I., Chang W., Cian A., Gioacchino D. D., Enrico E., Falferi P., Fasolo L., Faverzani M., Ferri E., Filatrella G., Gatti C., Giubertoni D., Greco A., Kutlu C., Leo A., Ligi C., Maccarrone G., Margesin B., Maruccio G., Matlashov A., Mauro C., Mezzena R., Monteduro A. G., Nucciotti A., Oberto L., Pagano S., Pierro V., Piersanti L., Rajteri M., Rizzato S., Semertzidis Y. K., Uchaikin S., and Vinante A.
Abstract: Reducing noise to the quantum limit over a large bandwidth is a fundamental requirement for future applications operating at millikelvin temperatures, such as the neutrino mass measurement, the next-generation X-ray observatory, the CMB measurement, the dark matter and axion detection, and the rapid high-fidelity readout of superconducting qubits. The read out sensitivity of arrays of microcalorimeter detectors, resonant axion-detectors, and qubits, is currently limited by the noise temperature and bandwidth of the cryogenic amplifiers. The Detector Array Readout with Traveling Wave Amplifiers project has the goal of developing high-performing innovative traveling wave parametric amplifiers with a high gain, a high saturation power, and a quantum-limited or nearly quantum-limited noise. The practical development follows two different promising approaches, one based on the Josephson junctions and the other one based on the kinetic inductance of a high-resistivity superconductor. In this contribution, we present the aims of the project, the adopted design solutions and preliminary results from simulations and measurements.
Published: 2022

15. Bimodal Approach for Noise Figures of Merit Evaluation in Quantum-Limited Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers

Author: Fasolo, L, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Chung, W, Cian, A, Di Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Greco, A, Kutlu, C, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Livreri, P, Maccarone, G, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Matlashov, A, Mauro, C, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Pagano, S, Pierro, V, Piersanti, L, Rajteri, M, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Semertzidis, Y, Uchaikin, S, Vinante, A, Fasolo L., Barone C., Borghesi M., Carapella G., Caricato A. P., Carusotto I., Chung W., Cian A., Di Gioacchino D., Enrico E., Falferi P., Faverzani M., Ferri E., Filatrella G., Gatti C., Giachero A., Giubertoni D., Greco A., Kutlu C., Leo A., Ligi C., Livreri P., Maccarone G., Margesin B., Maruccio G., Matlashov A., Mauro C., Mezzena R., Monteduro A. G., Nucciotti A., Oberto L., Pagano S., Pierro V., Piersanti L., Rajteri M., Rettaroli A., Rizzato S., Semertzidis Y. K., Uchaikin S. V., Vinante A., Fasolo, L, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Chung, W, Cian, A, Di Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Greco, A, Kutlu, C, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Livreri, P, Maccarone, G, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Matlashov, A, Mauro, C, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Pagano, S, Pierro, V, Piersanti, L, Rajteri, M, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Semertzidis, Y, Uchaikin, S, Vinante, A, Fasolo L., Barone C., Borghesi M., Carapella G., Caricato A. P., Carusotto I., Chung W., Cian A., Di Gioacchino D., Enrico E., Falferi P., Faverzani M., Ferri E., Filatrella G., Gatti C., Giachero A., Giubertoni D., Greco A., Kutlu C., Leo A., Ligi C., Livreri P., Maccarone G., Margesin B., Maruccio G., Matlashov A., Mauro C., Mezzena R., Monteduro A. G., Nucciotti A., Oberto L., Pagano S., Pierro V., Piersanti L., Rajteri M., Rettaroli A., Rizzato S., Semertzidis Y. K., Uchaikin S. V., and Vinante A.
Abstract: The advent of ultra-low noise microwave amplifiers revolutionized several research fields demanding for quantum-limited technologies. Exploiting a theoretical bimodal description of a linear phase-preserving amplifier, in this contribution we analyze some of the intrinsic properties of a model architecture (i.e., an rf-SQUID based Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier) in terms of amplification and noise generation for key case study input states (Fock and coherents). Furthermore, we present an analysis of the output signals generated by the parametric amplification mechanism when thermal noise fluctuations feed the device.
Published: 2022

16. Development of quantum limited superconducting amplifiers for advanced detection

Author: Pagano, S, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Chung, W, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, Di Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Greco, A, Kutlu, C, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Matlashov, A, Mauro, C, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Pierro, V, Piersanti, L, Rajteri, M, Rizzato, S, Semertzidis, Y, Uchaikin, S, Vinante, A, Pagano, Sergio, Barone, Carlo, Borghesi, Matteo, Chung, Woohyun, Carapella, Giovanni, Caricato, Anna Paola, Carusotto, Iacopo, Cian, Alessandro, Di Gioacchino, Daniele, Enrico, Emanuele, Falferi, Paolo, Fasolo, Luca, Faverzani, Marco, Ferri, Elena, Filatrella, Giovanni, Gatti, Claudio, Giachero, Andrea, Giubertoni, Damiano, Greco, Angelo, Kutlu, Caglar, Leo, Angelo, Ligi, C., Maccarrone, Giovanni, Margesin, Benno, Maruccio, Giuseppe, Matlashov, Andrei, Mauro, Costantino, Mezzena, Renato, Monteduro, Anna Grazia, Nucciotti, Angelo, Oberto, Luca, Pierro, Vincenzo, Piersanti, Luca, Rajteri, Mauro, Rizzato, Silvia, Semertzidis, Yannis K, Uchaikin, Sergey V., Vinante, Andrea, Pagano, S, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Chung, W, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, Di Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Greco, A, Kutlu, C, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Matlashov, A, Mauro, C, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Pierro, V, Piersanti, L, Rajteri, M, Rizzato, S, Semertzidis, Y, Uchaikin, S, Vinante, A, Pagano, Sergio, Barone, Carlo, Borghesi, Matteo, Chung, Woohyun, Carapella, Giovanni, Caricato, Anna Paola, Carusotto, Iacopo, Cian, Alessandro, Di Gioacchino, Daniele, Enrico, Emanuele, Falferi, Paolo, Fasolo, Luca, Faverzani, Marco, Ferri, Elena, Filatrella, Giovanni, Gatti, Claudio, Giachero, Andrea, Giubertoni, Damiano, Greco, Angelo, Kutlu, Caglar, Leo, Angelo, Ligi, C., Maccarrone, Giovanni, Margesin, Benno, Maruccio, Giuseppe, Matlashov, Andrei, Mauro, Costantino, Mezzena, Renato, Monteduro, Anna Grazia, Nucciotti, Angelo, Oberto, Luca, Pierro, Vincenzo, Piersanti, Luca, Rajteri, Mauro, Rizzato, Silvia, Semertzidis, Yannis K, Uchaikin, Sergey V., and Vinante, Andrea
Abstract: Ultralow-noise microwave amplification and detection play a central role in different applications, going from fundamental physics experiments to the deployment of quantum technologies. In many applications the necessity of reading multiple detectors, or cavities or qubits, calls for large bandwidth amplifiers with the lowest possible noise. Current technologies are based on High Electron Mobility Transistors and Josephson Parametric Amplifiers. Both have limitations, the former in terms of the minimum noise, the latter in terms of bandwidth. Superconducting Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers (TWPAs) have the potential of offering quantum limited noise and large bandwidth. These amplifiers are based on the parametric amplification of microwaves traveling along a transmission line with embedded nonlinear elements. We are developing superconducting TWPAs based both on Josephson junction arrays (Traveling Wave Josephson Parametric mplifiers) and on nonlinear kinetic inductance (Dispersion Engineered Traveling Wave Kinetic Inductance Amplifiers). Our goal is to achieve large bandwidth (in the 5 to 10 GHz range), large gain (more than 20 dB), large saturation power (more than -50 dBm), and near quantum limited noise (noise temperature less than 600 mK). Current achievements in the design and development of the high performance TWPAs are here reported and discussed, together with current limitations and possible future developments.
Published: 2022

17. Probing interfaces of pea protein-stabilized emulsions with a fluorescent molecular rotor

Author: Velandia, Santiago F., Bittermann, Marius R., Mirzahossein, Elham, Giubertoni, Giulia, Caporaletti, Federico, Sadtler, Véronique, Marchal, Philippe, Roques-Carmes, Thibault, Meinders, M.B.J., Bonn, Daniel, Velandia, Santiago F., Bittermann, Marius R., Mirzahossein, Elham, Giubertoni, Giulia, Caporaletti, Federico, Sadtler, Véronique, Marchal, Philippe, Roques-Carmes, Thibault, Meinders, M.B.J., and Bonn, Daniel
Abstract: Pea protein isolate (Pisum sativum L., PPI) has been much studied in the last decade because of its potential as a bio-based alternative for surfactants to produce innovative and environmentally friendly emulsion products. PPI is ideal due to its favorable nutritional properties, low allergenicity and low environmental impact. Despite its growing popularity, understanding the stabilisation mechanism of emulsions stabilized with PPI remains a key question that requires further investigation. Here, we use fluorescence lifetime microscopy with molecular rotors as local probes for interfacial viscosity of PPI stabilized emulsions. The fluorescence lifetime correlates to the local viscosity at the oil-water interface allowing us to probe the proteins at the interfacial region. We find that the measured interfacial viscosity is strongly pH-dependent, an observation that can be directly related to PPI aggregation and PPI reconformation. By means of molecular rotor measurements we can link the local viscosity of the PPI particles at the interface to the Pickering-like stabilisation mechanism. Finally, this can be compared to the local viscosity of PPI solutions at different pH conditions, showing the importance of the PPI treatment prior to emulsification.
Published: 2023

18. Imaging of Antiferroelectric Dark Modes in an Inverted Plasmonic Lattice [Dataset]

Author: Rodríguez-Álvarez, Javier [javier.rodriguez@ub.edu], Rodríguez-Álvarez, Javier, Labarta, Amilcar, Idrobo, Juan Carlos, Dell'Anna, Rossana, Cian, Alessandro, Giubertoni, Damiano, Borrisé, Xavier, Guerrero, Albert, Perez Murano, Francesc X., Fraile Rodríguez, Arantxa, Terradas-Batlle, Xavier, Rodríguez-Álvarez, Javier [javier.rodriguez@ub.edu], Rodríguez-Álvarez, Javier, Labarta, Amilcar, Idrobo, Juan Carlos, Dell'Anna, Rossana, Cian, Alessandro, Giubertoni, Damiano, Borrisé, Xavier, Guerrero, Albert, Perez Murano, Francesc X., Fraile Rodríguez, Arantxa, and Terradas-Batlle, Xavier
Abstract: Plasmonic lattice nanostructures are of technological interest because of their capacity to manipulate light below the diffraction limit. Here, we present a detailed study of dark and bright modes in the visible and near-infrared energy regime of an inverted plasmonic honeycomb lattice by a combination of Au+ focused ion beam lithography with nanometric resolution, optical and electron spectroscopy, and finite-difference time-domain simulations. The lattice consists of slits carved in a gold thin film, exhibiting hotspots and a set of bright and dark modes. We proposed that some of the dark modes detected by electron energy-loss spectroscopy are caused by antiferroelectric arrangements of the slit polarizations with two times the size of the hexagonal unit cell. The plasmonic resonances take place within the 0.5–2 eV energy range, indicating that they could be suitable for a synergistic coupling with excitons in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides materials or for designing nanoscale sensing platforms based on near-field enhancement over a metallic surface.
Published: 2023

19. Strong reduction of the chain rigidity of hyaluronan by selective binding of Ca2+ ions

Author: Giubertoni, Giulia, Ortíz, Alberto Pérez de Alba, Bano, Fouzia, Zhang, Xing, Linhardt, Robert J., Green, Dixy E., DeAngelis, Paul L., Koenderink, Gijsje H., Richter, Ralf P., Ensing, Bernd, Bakker, Huib J., Giubertoni, Giulia, Ortíz, Alberto Pérez de Alba, Bano, Fouzia, Zhang, Xing, Linhardt, Robert J., Green, Dixy E., DeAngelis, Paul L., Koenderink, Gijsje H., Richter, Ralf P., Ensing, Bernd, and Bakker, Huib J.
Abstract: The biological functions of natural polyelectrolytes are strongly influenced by the presence of ions, which bind to the polymer chains and thereby modify their properties. Although the biological impact of such modifications is well recognized, a detailed molecular picture of the binding process and of the mechanisms that drive the subsequent structural changes in the polymer is lacking. Here, we study the molecular mechanism of the condensation of calcium, a divalent cation, on hyaluronan, a ubiquitous polymer in human tissues. By combining two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy experiments with molecular dynamics simulations, we find that calcium specifically binds to hyaluronan at millimolar concentrations. Because of its large size and charge, the calcium cation can bind simultaneously to the negatively charged carboxylate group and the amide group of adjacent saccharide units. Molecular dynamics simulations and single-chain force spectroscopy measurements provide evidence that the binding of the calcium ions weakens the intramolecular hydrogen-bond network of hyaluronan, increasing the flexibility of the polymer chain. We also observe that the binding of calcium to hyaluronan saturates at a maximum binding fraction of ∼10–15 mol %. This saturation indicates that the binding of Ca2+ strongly reduces the probability of subsequent binding of Ca2+ at neighboring binding sites, possibly as a result of enhanced conformational fluctuations and/or electrostatic repulsion effects. Our findings provide a detailed molecular picture of ion condensation and reveal the severe effect of a few, selective and localized electrostatic interactions on the rigidity of a polyelectrolyte chain.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Strong reduction of the chain rigidity of hyaluronan by selective binding of Ca2+ ions

Author: Giubertoni, Giulia, Ortíz, Alberto Pérez de Alba, Bano, Fouzia, Zhang, Xing, Linhardt, Robert J., Green, Dixy E., DeAngelis, Paul L., Koenderink, Gijsje H., Richter, Ralf P., Ensing, Bernd, Bakker, Huib J., Giubertoni, Giulia, Ortíz, Alberto Pérez de Alba, Bano, Fouzia, Zhang, Xing, Linhardt, Robert J., Green, Dixy E., DeAngelis, Paul L., Koenderink, Gijsje H., Richter, Ralf P., Ensing, Bernd, and Bakker, Huib J.
Abstract: The biological functions of natural polyelectrolytes are strongly influenced by the presence of ions, which bind to the polymer chains and thereby modify their properties. Although the biological impact of such modifications is well recognized, a detailed molecular picture of the binding process and of the mechanisms that drive the subsequent structural changes in the polymer is lacking. Here, we study the molecular mechanism of the condensation of calcium, a divalent cation, on hyaluronan, a ubiquitous polymer in human tissues. By combining two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy experiments with molecular dynamics simulations, we find that calcium specifically binds to hyaluronan at millimolar concentrations. Because of its large size and charge, the calcium cation can bind simultaneously to the negatively charged carboxylate group and the amide group of adjacent saccharide units. Molecular dynamics simulations and single-chain force spectroscopy measurements provide evidence that the binding of the calcium ions weakens the intramolecular hydrogen-bond network of hyaluronan, increasing the flexibility of the polymer chain. We also observe that the binding of calcium to hyaluronan saturates at a maximum binding fraction of ∼10–15 mol %. This saturation indicates that the binding of Ca2+ strongly reduces the probability of subsequent binding of Ca2+ at neighboring binding sites, possibly as a result of enhanced conformational fluctuations and/or electrostatic repulsion effects. Our findings provide a detailed molecular picture of ion condensation and reveal the severe effect of a few, selective and localized electrostatic interactions on the rigidity of a polyelectrolyte chain.
Published: 2021
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21. Molecular Structure and Surface Accumulation Dynamics of Hyaluronan at the Water-Air Interface

Author: Moll, Carolyn J. (author), Giubertoni, Giulia (author), van Buren, L. (author), Versluis, Jan (author), Koenderink, G.H. (author), Bakker, Huib J. (author), Moll, Carolyn J. (author), Giubertoni, Giulia (author), van Buren, L. (author), Versluis, Jan (author), Koenderink, G.H. (author), and Bakker, Huib J. (author)
Abstract: Hyaluronan is a biopolymer that is essential for many biological processes in the human body, like the regulation of tissue lubrication and inflammatory responses. Here, we study the behavior of hyaluronan at aqueous surfaces using heterodyne-detected vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy (HD-VSFG). Low-molecular-weight hyaluronan (∼150 kDa) gradually covers the water-air interface within hours, leading to a negatively charged surface and a reorientation of interfacial water molecules. The rate of surface accumulation strongly increases when the bulk concentration of low-molecular-weight hyaluronan is increased. In contrast, high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (>1 MDa) cannot be detected at the surface, even hours after the addition of the polymer to the aqueous solution. The strong dependence on the polymer molecular weight can be explained by entanglements of the hyaluronan polymers. We also find that for low-molecular-weight hyaluronan the migration kinetics of hyaluronan in aqueous media shows an anomalous dependence on the pH of the solution, which can be explained from the interplay of hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions of hyaluronan polymers., BN/Gijsje Koenderink Lab
Published: 2021
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22. Strong Reduction of the Chain Rigidity of Hyaluronan by Selective Binding of Ca2+ Ions

Author: Giubertoni, Giulia (author), Pérez De Alba Ortíz, Alberto (author), Bano, Fouzia (author), Zhang, Xing (author), Linhardt, Robert J. (author), Green, Dixy E. (author), Deangelis, Paul L. (author), Koenderink, G.H. (author), Richter, Ralf P. (author), Ensing, Bernd (author), Bakker, Huib J. (author), Giubertoni, Giulia (author), Pérez De Alba Ortíz, Alberto (author), Bano, Fouzia (author), Zhang, Xing (author), Linhardt, Robert J. (author), Green, Dixy E. (author), Deangelis, Paul L. (author), Koenderink, G.H. (author), Richter, Ralf P. (author), Ensing, Bernd (author), and Bakker, Huib J. (author)
Abstract: The biological functions of natural polyelectrolytes are strongly influenced by the presence of ions, which bind to the polymer chains and thereby modify their properties. Although the biological impact of such modifications is well recognized, a detailed molecular picture of the binding process and of the mechanisms that drive the subsequent structural changes in the polymer is lacking. Here, we study the molecular mechanism of the condensation of calcium, a divalent cation, on hyaluronan, a ubiquitous polymer in human tissues. By combining two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy experiments with molecular dynamics simulations, we find that calcium specifically binds to hyaluronan at millimolar concentrations. Because of its large size and charge, the calcium cation can bind simultaneously to the negatively charged carboxylate group and the amide group of adjacent saccharide units. Molecular dynamics simulations and single-chain force spectroscopy measurements provide evidence that the binding of the calcium ions weakens the intramolecular hydrogen-bond network of hyaluronan, increasing the flexibility of the polymer chain. We also observe that the binding of calcium to hyaluronan saturates at a maximum binding fraction of ∼10-15 mol %. This saturation indicates that the binding of Ca2+ strongly reduces the probability of subsequent binding of Ca2+ at neighboring binding sites, possibly as a result of enhanced conformational fluctuations and/or electrostatic repulsion effects. Our findings provide a detailed molecular picture of ion condensation and reveal the severe effect of a few, selective and localized electrostatic interactions on the rigidity of a polyelectrolyte chain., BN/Gijsje Koenderink Lab
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

23. Strong reduction of the chain rigidity of hyaluronan by selective binding of Ca2+ ions

Author: Giubertoni, Giulia, Ortíz, Alberto Pérez de Alba, Bano, Fouzia, Zhang, Xing, Linhardt, Robert J., Green, Dixy E., DeAngelis, Paul L., Koenderink, Gijsje H., Richter, Ralf P., Ensing, Bernd, Bakker, Huib J., Giubertoni, Giulia, Ortíz, Alberto Pérez de Alba, Bano, Fouzia, Zhang, Xing, Linhardt, Robert J., Green, Dixy E., DeAngelis, Paul L., Koenderink, Gijsje H., Richter, Ralf P., Ensing, Bernd, and Bakker, Huib J.
Abstract: The biological functions of natural polyelectrolytes are strongly influenced by the presence of ions, which bind to the polymer chains and thereby modify their properties. Although the biological impact of such modifications is well recognized, a detailed molecular picture of the binding process and of the mechanisms that drive the subsequent structural changes in the polymer is lacking. Here, we study the molecular mechanism of the condensation of calcium, a divalent cation, on hyaluronan, a ubiquitous polymer in human tissues. By combining two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy experiments with molecular dynamics simulations, we find that calcium specifically binds to hyaluronan at millimolar concentrations. Because of its large size and charge, the calcium cation can bind simultaneously to the negatively charged carboxylate group and the amide group of adjacent saccharide units. Molecular dynamics simulations and single-chain force spectroscopy measurements provide evidence that the binding of the calcium ions weakens the intramolecular hydrogen-bond network of hyaluronan, increasing the flexibility of the polymer chain. We also observe that the binding of calcium to hyaluronan saturates at a maximum binding fraction of ∼10–15 mol %. This saturation indicates that the binding of Ca2+ strongly reduces the probability of subsequent binding of Ca2+ at neighboring binding sites, possibly as a result of enhanced conformational fluctuations and/or electrostatic repulsion effects. Our findings provide a detailed molecular picture of ion condensation and reveal the severe effect of a few, selective and localized electrostatic interactions on the rigidity of a polyelectrolyte chain.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. Strong reduction of the chain rigidity of hyaluronan by selective binding of Ca2+ ions

Author: Giubertoni, Giulia, Ortíz, Alberto Pérez de Alba, Bano, Fouzia, Zhang, Xing, Linhardt, Robert J., Green, Dixy E., DeAngelis, Paul L., Koenderink, Gijsje H., Richter, Ralf P., Ensing, Bernd, Bakker, Huib J., Giubertoni, Giulia, Ortíz, Alberto Pérez de Alba, Bano, Fouzia, Zhang, Xing, Linhardt, Robert J., Green, Dixy E., DeAngelis, Paul L., Koenderink, Gijsje H., Richter, Ralf P., Ensing, Bernd, and Bakker, Huib J.
Abstract: The biological functions of natural polyelectrolytes are strongly influenced by the presence of ions, which bind to the polymer chains and thereby modify their properties. Although the biological impact of such modifications is well recognized, a detailed molecular picture of the binding process and of the mechanisms that drive the subsequent structural changes in the polymer is lacking. Here, we study the molecular mechanism of the condensation of calcium, a divalent cation, on hyaluronan, a ubiquitous polymer in human tissues. By combining two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy experiments with molecular dynamics simulations, we find that calcium specifically binds to hyaluronan at millimolar concentrations. Because of its large size and charge, the calcium cation can bind simultaneously to the negatively charged carboxylate group and the amide group of adjacent saccharide units. Molecular dynamics simulations and single-chain force spectroscopy measurements provide evidence that the binding of the calcium ions weakens the intramolecular hydrogen-bond network of hyaluronan, increasing the flexibility of the polymer chain. We also observe that the binding of calcium to hyaluronan saturates at a maximum binding fraction of ∼10–15 mol %. This saturation indicates that the binding of Ca2+ strongly reduces the probability of subsequent binding of Ca2+ at neighboring binding sites, possibly as a result of enhanced conformational fluctuations and/or electrostatic repulsion effects. Our findings provide a detailed molecular picture of ion condensation and reveal the severe effect of a few, selective and localized electrostatic interactions on the rigidity of a polyelectrolyte chain.
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. Molecular Structure and Surface Accumulation Dynamics of Hyaluronan at the Water-Air Interface

Author: Moll, Carolyn J. (author), Giubertoni, Giulia (author), van Buren, L. (author), Versluis, Jan (author), Koenderink, G.H. (author), Bakker, Huib J. (author), Moll, Carolyn J. (author), Giubertoni, Giulia (author), van Buren, L. (author), Versluis, Jan (author), Koenderink, G.H. (author), and Bakker, Huib J. (author)
Abstract: Hyaluronan is a biopolymer that is essential for many biological processes in the human body, like the regulation of tissue lubrication and inflammatory responses. Here, we study the behavior of hyaluronan at aqueous surfaces using heterodyne-detected vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy (HD-VSFG). Low-molecular-weight hyaluronan (∼150 kDa) gradually covers the water-air interface within hours, leading to a negatively charged surface and a reorientation of interfacial water molecules. The rate of surface accumulation strongly increases when the bulk concentration of low-molecular-weight hyaluronan is increased. In contrast, high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (>1 MDa) cannot be detected at the surface, even hours after the addition of the polymer to the aqueous solution. The strong dependence on the polymer molecular weight can be explained by entanglements of the hyaluronan polymers. We also find that for low-molecular-weight hyaluronan the migration kinetics of hyaluronan in aqueous media shows an anomalous dependence on the pH of the solution, which can be explained from the interplay of hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions of hyaluronan polymers., BN/Gijsje Koenderink Lab
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

26. Strong Reduction of the Chain Rigidity of Hyaluronan by Selective Binding of Ca2+ Ions

Author: Giubertoni, Giulia (author), Pérez De Alba Ortíz, Alberto (author), Bano, Fouzia (author), Zhang, Xing (author), Linhardt, Robert J. (author), Green, Dixy E. (author), Deangelis, Paul L. (author), Koenderink, G.H. (author), Richter, Ralf P. (author), Ensing, Bernd (author), Bakker, Huib J. (author), Giubertoni, Giulia (author), Pérez De Alba Ortíz, Alberto (author), Bano, Fouzia (author), Zhang, Xing (author), Linhardt, Robert J. (author), Green, Dixy E. (author), Deangelis, Paul L. (author), Koenderink, G.H. (author), Richter, Ralf P. (author), Ensing, Bernd (author), and Bakker, Huib J. (author)
Abstract: The biological functions of natural polyelectrolytes are strongly influenced by the presence of ions, which bind to the polymer chains and thereby modify their properties. Although the biological impact of such modifications is well recognized, a detailed molecular picture of the binding process and of the mechanisms that drive the subsequent structural changes in the polymer is lacking. Here, we study the molecular mechanism of the condensation of calcium, a divalent cation, on hyaluronan, a ubiquitous polymer in human tissues. By combining two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy experiments with molecular dynamics simulations, we find that calcium specifically binds to hyaluronan at millimolar concentrations. Because of its large size and charge, the calcium cation can bind simultaneously to the negatively charged carboxylate group and the amide group of adjacent saccharide units. Molecular dynamics simulations and single-chain force spectroscopy measurements provide evidence that the binding of the calcium ions weakens the intramolecular hydrogen-bond network of hyaluronan, increasing the flexibility of the polymer chain. We also observe that the binding of calcium to hyaluronan saturates at a maximum binding fraction of ∼10-15 mol %. This saturation indicates that the binding of Ca2+ strongly reduces the probability of subsequent binding of Ca2+ at neighboring binding sites, possibly as a result of enhanced conformational fluctuations and/or electrostatic repulsion effects. Our findings provide a detailed molecular picture of ion condensation and reveal the severe effect of a few, selective and localized electrostatic interactions on the rigidity of a polyelectrolyte chain., BN/Gijsje Koenderink Lab
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. Hyaluronan biopolymers release water upon pH-induced gelation

Author: van Dam, Eliane P. (author), Giubertoni, Giulia (author), Burla, Federica (author), Koenderink, G.H. (author), Bakker, Huib J. (author), van Dam, Eliane P. (author), Giubertoni, Giulia (author), Burla, Federica (author), Koenderink, G.H. (author), and Bakker, Huib J. (author)
Abstract: We study the relation between the macroscopic viscoelastic properties of aqueous hyaluronan polymer solutions and the molecular-scale dynamics of water using rheology measurements, differential dynamic microscopy, and polarization-resolved infrared pump-probe spectroscopy. We observe that the addition of hyaluronan to water leads to a slowing down of the reorientation of a fraction of the water molecules. Near pH 2.4, the viscosity of the hyaluronan solution reaches a maximum, while the number of slowed down water molecules reaches a minimum. This implies that the water molecules become on average more mobile when the solution becomes more viscous. This observation indicates that the increase in viscosity involves the expulsion of hydration water from the surfaces of the hyaluronan polymers, and a bundling of the hyaluronan polymer chains., Accepted Author Manuscript, BN/Gijsje Koenderink Lab
Published: 2020
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28. Connecting the Stimuli-Responsive Rheology of Biopolymer Hydrogels to Underlying Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions

Author: Giubertoni, Giulia (author), Burla, Federica (author), Bakker, Huib J. (author), Koenderink, G.H. (author), Giubertoni, Giulia (author), Burla, Federica (author), Bakker, Huib J. (author), and Koenderink, G.H. (author)
Abstract: Many biopolymer hydrogels are environmentally responsive because they are held together by physical associations that depend on pH and temperature. Here, we investigate how the pH and temperature responses of the rheology of hyaluronan hydrogels are connected to the underlying molecular interactions. Hyaluronan is an essential structural biopolymer in the human body with many applications in biomedicine. Using two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy, we show that hyaluronan chains become connected by hydrogen bonds when the pH is changed from 7.0 to 2.5 and that the bond density at pH 2.5 is independent of temperature. Temperature-dependent rheology measurements show that because of this hydrogen bonding the stress relaxation at pH 2.5 is strongly slowed down in comparison to pH 7.0, consistent with the sticky reptation model of associative polymers. From the flow activation energy, we conclude that each polymer is cross-linked by multiple (5-15) hydrogen bonds to others, causing slow macroscopic stress relaxation, despite the short time scale of breaking and reformation of each individual hydrogen bond. Our findings can aid the design of stimuli-responsive hydrogels with tailored viscoelastic properties for biomedical applications., BN/Gijsje Koenderink Lab
Published: 2020
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29. Hyaluronan biopolymers release water upon pH-induced gelation

Author: van Dam, Eliane P. (author), Giubertoni, Giulia (author), Burla, Federica (author), Koenderink, G.H. (author), Bakker, Huib J. (author), van Dam, Eliane P. (author), Giubertoni, Giulia (author), Burla, Federica (author), Koenderink, G.H. (author), and Bakker, Huib J. (author)
Abstract: We study the relation between the macroscopic viscoelastic properties of aqueous hyaluronan polymer solutions and the molecular-scale dynamics of water using rheology measurements, differential dynamic microscopy, and polarization-resolved infrared pump-probe spectroscopy. We observe that the addition of hyaluronan to water leads to a slowing down of the reorientation of a fraction of the water molecules. Near pH 2.4, the viscosity of the hyaluronan solution reaches a maximum, while the number of slowed down water molecules reaches a minimum. This implies that the water molecules become on average more mobile when the solution becomes more viscous. This observation indicates that the increase in viscosity involves the expulsion of hydration water from the surfaces of the hyaluronan polymers, and a bundling of the hyaluronan polymer chains., Accepted Author Manuscript, BN/Gijsje Koenderink Lab
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. Connecting the Stimuli-Responsive Rheology of Biopolymer Hydrogels to Underlying Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions

Author: Giubertoni, Giulia (author), Burla, Federica (author), Bakker, Huib J. (author), Koenderink, G.H. (author), Giubertoni, Giulia (author), Burla, Federica (author), Bakker, Huib J. (author), and Koenderink, G.H. (author)
Abstract: Many biopolymer hydrogels are environmentally responsive because they are held together by physical associations that depend on pH and temperature. Here, we investigate how the pH and temperature responses of the rheology of hyaluronan hydrogels are connected to the underlying molecular interactions. Hyaluronan is an essential structural biopolymer in the human body with many applications in biomedicine. Using two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy, we show that hyaluronan chains become connected by hydrogen bonds when the pH is changed from 7.0 to 2.5 and that the bond density at pH 2.5 is independent of temperature. Temperature-dependent rheology measurements show that because of this hydrogen bonding the stress relaxation at pH 2.5 is strongly slowed down in comparison to pH 7.0, consistent with the sticky reptation model of associative polymers. From the flow activation energy, we conclude that each polymer is cross-linked by multiple (5-15) hydrogen bonds to others, causing slow macroscopic stress relaxation, despite the short time scale of breaking and reformation of each individual hydrogen bond. Our findings can aid the design of stimuli-responsive hydrogels with tailored viscoelastic properties for biomedical applications., BN/Gijsje Koenderink Lab
Published: 2020
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31. The role of incidence angle in the morphology evolution of Ge surfaces irradiated by medium-energy Au ions

Author: Dell’Anna, R., Iacob, E., Barozzi, M., Vanzetti, L., Hübner, R., Böttger, R., Giubertoni, D., Pepponi, G., Dell’Anna, R., Iacob, E., Barozzi, M., Vanzetti, L., Hübner, R., Böttger, R., Giubertoni, D., and Pepponi, G.
Abstract: Germanium (Ge) surfaces have been irradiated with 26 keV gold (Au) ions at a constant fluence and at incidence angles varying from 0° to 85°. The evolution of the emerging nanostructures is studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. The obtained results are compared with findings reported in the literature. Periodic rippled patterns with the wave vector parallel to the projection of the ion beam direction onto the Ge surface develop between 30° and 45°. From 75° the morphology changes from parallel-mode ripples to parallel-mode terraces, and by further increasing the incidence angle the terraces coarsen and show a progressive break-up of the front facing the ion beam. No perpendicular-mode ripples or terraces have been observed. The analysis of the AFM height profiles and slope distributions shows in the 45°-85° range an angular dependence of the temporal scale for the onset of nonlinear processes. For incidence angles below 45°, the surface develops a sponge-like structure, which persists at higher incidence angles on the top and partially on the face of the facets facing the ion beam. The XPS and the energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy evidence the presence of Au nano-aggregates of different sizes for the different incidence angles. This study points out the peculiar behavior of Ge surfaces irradiated with medium-energy Au ions and warns about the differences to be faced when trying to build a universal framework for the description of semiconductor pattern evolution under ion-beam irradiation.
Published: 2018

32. Strategies To Increase the Thermal Stability of Truly Biomimetic Hydrogels: Combining Hydrophobicity and Directed Hydrogen Bonding

Author: Yuan, H., Xu, J., Dam, Eliane P. van, Giubertoni, Giulia, Rezus, Yves L.A., Hammink, R., Rowan, Alan E., Xing, C., Kouwer, P.H.J., Yuan, H., Xu, J., Dam, Eliane P. van, Giubertoni, Giulia, Rezus, Yves L.A., Hammink, R., Rowan, Alan E., Xing, C., and Kouwer, P.H.J.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 180470.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)
Published: 2017

33. Strategies To Increase the Thermal Stability of Truly Biomimetic Hydrogels: Combining Hydrophobicity and Directed Hydrogen Bonding

Author: Yuan, H., Xu, J., Dam, Eliane P. van, Giubertoni, Giulia, Rezus, Yves L.A., Hammink, R., Rowan, Alan E., Xing, C., Kouwer, P.H.J., Yuan, H., Xu, J., Dam, Eliane P. van, Giubertoni, Giulia, Rezus, Yves L.A., Hammink, R., Rowan, Alan E., Xing, C., and Kouwer, P.H.J.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 180470.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)
Published: 2017

34. Strategies To Increase the Thermal Stability of Truly Biomimetic Hydrogels: Combining Hydrophobicity and Directed Hydrogen Bonding

Author: Yuan, H., Xu, J., Dam, Eliane P. van, Giubertoni, Giulia, Rezus, Yves L.A., Hammink, R., Rowan, Alan E., Xing, C., Kouwer, P.H.J., Yuan, H., Xu, J., Dam, Eliane P. van, Giubertoni, Giulia, Rezus, Yves L.A., Hammink, R., Rowan, Alan E., Xing, C., and Kouwer, P.H.J.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 180470.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)
Published: 2017

35. Multiscale structured germanium nanoripples as templates for bioactive surfaces

Author: Dell'Anna, R., Masciullo, C., Iacob, E., Barozzi, M., Giubertoni, D., Böttger, R., Cecchini, M., Pepponi, G., Dell'Anna, R., Masciullo, C., Iacob, E., Barozzi, M., Giubertoni, D., Böttger, R., Cecchini, M., and Pepponi, G.
Abstract: Nanostructured germanium substrates are produced by gold ion implantation; they show periodic ripples of nanometer size, decorated on the top and partially on one side with a forest of curled nanowires that end with gold-rich nanoparticles. For the first time, through a novel two-step soft lithography transfer process, the multi-scale nanopatterns are replicated, with features well below 100 nm, on biocompatible 2-norbornene ethylene cyclic olefin copolymer substrates. Given the suitable aspect ratio of the nanoripples and the peculiarity of their multiscale structure, the final substrates are available for cell–material interaction studies that can shed light on the role of the hierarchy of nanostructured materials in controlling the large-scale cellular behavior on biocompatible scaffolds. This work also presents an original combination of numerical analyses of scanning force microscopy images, which allows an accurate quantitative description of the outputs of the two-step transfer process.
Published: 2017

36. Evolution of arsenic in high fluence plasma immersion ion implanted silicon: Behavior of the as-implanted surface

Author: Vishwanath, V., Demenev, E., Giubertoni, D., Vanzetti, L., Koh, A. L., Steinhauser, G., Pepponi, G., Bersani, M., Meirer, F., Foad, M. A., Vishwanath, V., Demenev, E., Giubertoni, D., Vanzetti, L., Koh, A. L., Steinhauser, G., Pepponi, G., Bersani, M., Meirer, F., and Foad, M. A.
Abstract: High fluence (>1015 ions/cm2) low-energy (3 + on (1 0 0) silicon was investigated, with the focus on stability and retention of the dopant. At this dose, a thin (∼3 nm) amorphous layer forms at the surface, which contains about 45% arsenic (As) in a silicon and oxygen matrix. The presence of silicon indicates that the layer is not only a result of deposition, but predominantly ion mixing. High fluence PIII introduces high concentration of arsenic, modifying the stopping power for incoming ions resulting in an increased deposition. When exposed to atmosphere, the arsenic rich layer spontaneously evolves forming arsenolite As2O3 micro-crystals at the surface. The micro-crystal formation was monitored over several months and exhibits typical crystal growth kinetics. At the same time, a continuous growth of native silicon oxide rich in arsenic was observed on the exposed surface, suggesting the presence of oxidation enhancing factors linked to the high arsenic concentration at the surface.
Published: 2015

37. Evolution of arsenic in high fluence plasma immersion ion implanted silicon: Behavior of the as-implanted surface

Author: Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Vishwanath, V., Demenev, E., Giubertoni, D., Vanzetti, L., Koh, A. L., Steinhauser, G., Pepponi, G., Bersani, M., Meirer, F., Foad, M. A., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Vishwanath, V., Demenev, E., Giubertoni, D., Vanzetti, L., Koh, A. L., Steinhauser, G., Pepponi, G., Bersani, M., Meirer, F., and Foad, M. A.
Published: 2015

38. Evolution of arsenic in high fluence plasma immersion ion implanted silicon: Behavior of the as-implanted surface

Author: Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Vishwanath, V., Demenev, E., Giubertoni, D., Vanzetti, L., Koh, A. L., Steinhauser, G., Pepponi, G., Bersani, M., Meirer, F., Foad, M. A., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Vishwanath, V., Demenev, E., Giubertoni, D., Vanzetti, L., Koh, A. L., Steinhauser, G., Pepponi, G., Bersani, M., Meirer, F., and Foad, M. A.
Published: 2015

39. H-tailored surface conductivity in narrow band gap In(AsN)

Author: Velichko, A. V., Patane, A., Capizzi, M., Sandall, I. C., Giubertoni, D., Makarovsky, O., Polimeni, A., Krier, A., Zhuang, Q., Tan, C. H., Velichko, A. V., Patane, A., Capizzi, M., Sandall, I. C., Giubertoni, D., Makarovsky, O., Polimeni, A., Krier, A., Zhuang, Q., and Tan, C. H.
Abstract: We show that the n-type conductivity of the narrow band gap In(AsN) alloy can be increased within a thin (similar to 100 nm) channel below the surface by the controlled incorporation of H-atoms. This channel has a large electron sheet density of similar to 10(18) m(-2) and a high electron mobility (mu > 0.1 m(2)V(-1)s(-1) at low and room temperature). For a fixed dose of impinging H-atoms, its width decreases with the increase in concentration of N-atoms that act as H-traps thus forming N-H donor complexes near the surface. (C) 2015 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
Published: 2015

40. H-tailored surface conductivity in narrow band gap In(AsN)

Author: Velichko, A. V., Patane, A., Capizzi, M., Sandall, I. C., Giubertoni, D., Makarovsky, O., Polimeni, A., Krier, A., Zhuang, Q., Tan, C. H., Velichko, A. V., Patane, A., Capizzi, M., Sandall, I. C., Giubertoni, D., Makarovsky, O., Polimeni, A., Krier, A., Zhuang, Q., and Tan, C. H.
Abstract: We show that the n-type conductivity of the narrow band gap In(AsN) alloy can be increased within a thin (similar to 100 nm) channel below the surface by the controlled incorporation of H-atoms. This channel has a large electron sheet density of similar to 10(18) m(-2) and a high electron mobility (mu > 0.1 m(2)V(-1)s(-1) at low and room temperature). For a fixed dose of impinging H-atoms, its width decreases with the increase in concentration of N-atoms that act as H-traps thus forming N-H donor complexes near the surface. (C) 2015 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
Published: 2015

41. Evolution of arsenic in high fluence plasma immersion ion implanted silicon: Behavior of the as-implanted surface

Author: Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Vishwanath, V., Demenev, E., Giubertoni, D., Vanzetti, L., Koh, A. L., Steinhauser, G., Pepponi, G., Bersani, M., Meirer, F., Foad, M. A., Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Vishwanath, V., Demenev, E., Giubertoni, D., Vanzetti, L., Koh, A. L., Steinhauser, G., Pepponi, G., Bersani, M., Meirer, F., and Foad, M. A.
Published: 2015

42. Peculiarities of the hydrogenated In(AsN) alloy

Author: Birindelli, Simone, Kesaria, Manoj, Giubertoni, D, Pettinari, G, Velichko, A.V., Zhuang, Qiandong, Krier, Anthony, Patane, A., Polimeni, A., Capizzi, Mario, Birindelli, Simone, Kesaria, Manoj, Giubertoni, D, Pettinari, G, Velichko, A.V., Zhuang, Qiandong, Krier, Anthony, Patane, A., Polimeni, A., and Capizzi, Mario
Abstract: The electronic properties of In(AsN) before and after post-growth sample irradiation with increasing doses of atomic hydrogen have been investigated by photoluminescence. The electron density increases in In(AsN) but not in N-free InAs, until a Fermi stabilization energy is established. A hydrogen ε+/− transition level just below the conduction band minimum accounts for the dependence of donor formation on N, in agreement with a recent theoretical report highlighting the peculiarity of InAs among III–V compounds. Raman scattering measurements indicate the formation of N–H complexes that are stable under thermal annealing up to ∼500 K. Finally, hydrogen does not passivate the electronic activity of N, thus leaving the band gap energy of In(AsN) unchanged, once more in stark contrast to what has been reported in other dilute nitride alloys.
Published: 2015

43. Combined evaluation of grazing incidence X-ray fluorescence and X-ray reflectivity data for improved profiling of ultra-shallow depth distributions

Author: Ingerle, D., Meirer, F., Pepponi, G., Demenev, E., Giubertoni, D., Wobrauschek, P., Streli, C., Ingerle, D., Meirer, F., Pepponi, G., Demenev, E., Giubertoni, D., Wobrauschek, P., and Streli, C.
Abstract: The continuous downscaling of the process size for semiconductor devices pushes the junction depths and consequentially the implantation depths to the top few nanometers of the Si substrate. This motivates the need for sensitive methods capable of analyzing dopant distribution, total dose and possible impurities. X-ray techniques utilizing the external reflection of X-rays are very surface sensitive, hence providing a non-destructive tool for process analysis and control. X-ray reflectometry (XRR) is an established technique for the characterization of single- and multi-layered thin film structures with layer thicknesses in the nanometer range. XRR spectra are acquired by varying the incident angle in the grazing incidence regime while measuring the specular reflected X-ray beam. The shape of the resulting angle-dependent curve is correlated to changes of the electron density in the sample, but does not provide direct information on the presence or distribution of chemical elements in the sample. Grazing Incidence XRF (GIXRF) measures the X-ray fluorescence induced by an X-ray beam incident under grazing angles. The resulting angle dependent intensity curves are correlated to the depth distribution and mass density of the elements in the sample. GIXRF provides information on contaminations, total implanted dose and to some extent on the depth of the dopant distribution, but is ambiguous with regard to the exact distribution function. Both techniques use similar measurement procedures and data evaluation strategies, i.e. optimization of a sample model by fitting measured and calculated angle curves. Moreover, the applied sample models can be derived from the same physical properties, like atomic scattering/form factors and elemental concentrations; a simultaneous analysis is therefore a straightforward approach. This combined analysis in turn reduces the uncertainties of the individual techniques, allowing a determination of dose and depth profile of the implanted
Published: 2014

44. Combined evaluation of grazing incidence X-ray fluorescence and X-ray reflectivity data for improved profiling of ultra-shallow depth distributions

Author: Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Ingerle, D., Meirer, F., Pepponi, G., Demenev, E., Giubertoni, D., Wobrauschek, P., Streli, C., Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Ingerle, D., Meirer, F., Pepponi, G., Demenev, E., Giubertoni, D., Wobrauschek, P., and Streli, C.
Published: 2014

45. Surface evolution of very high dose arsenic implants in silicon formed by plasma immersion ion implantation - a long term study

Author: Debye Institute, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Meirer, Florian, Demenev, Evgeny, Giubertoni, Damiano, Vanzetti, Lia, Gennaro, Salvatore, Fedrizzi, Michele, Pepponi, Giancarlo, Steinhauser, Georg, Vishwanath, Vinayak, Foad, Majeed, Bersani, Massimo, Debye Institute, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Meirer, Florian, Demenev, Evgeny, Giubertoni, Damiano, Vanzetti, Lia, Gennaro, Salvatore, Fedrizzi, Michele, Pepponi, Giancarlo, Steinhauser, Georg, Vishwanath, Vinayak, Foad, Majeed, and Bersani, Massimo
Published: 2014

46. Observation of point defect injection from electrical deactivation of arsenic ultra-shallow distributions formed by ultra-low energy ion implantation and laser sub-melt annealing

Author: Debye Institute, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Demenev, Evgeny, Meirer, Florian, Essa, Zahi, Giubertoni, Damiano, Cristiano, Fuccio, Pepponi, Giancarlo, Gennaro, Salvatore, Bersani, Massimo, Foad, Majeed A., Debye Institute, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Demenev, Evgeny, Meirer, Florian, Essa, Zahi, Giubertoni, Damiano, Cristiano, Fuccio, Pepponi, Giancarlo, Gennaro, Salvatore, Bersani, Massimo, and Foad, Majeed A.
Published: 2014

47. Surface evolution of very high dose arsenic implants in silicon formed by plasma immersion ion implantation - a long term study

Author: Debye Institute, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Meirer, Florian, Demenev, Evgeny, Giubertoni, Damiano, Vanzetti, Lia, Gennaro, Salvatore, Fedrizzi, Michele, Pepponi, Giancarlo, Steinhauser, Georg, Vishwanath, Vinayak, Foad, Majeed, Bersani, Massimo, Debye Institute, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Meirer, Florian, Demenev, Evgeny, Giubertoni, Damiano, Vanzetti, Lia, Gennaro, Salvatore, Fedrizzi, Michele, Pepponi, Giancarlo, Steinhauser, Georg, Vishwanath, Vinayak, Foad, Majeed, and Bersani, Massimo
Published: 2014

48. Combined evaluation of grazing incidence X-ray fluorescence and X-ray reflectivity data for improved profiling of ultra-shallow depth distributions

Author: Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Ingerle, D., Meirer, F., Pepponi, G., Demenev, E., Giubertoni, D., Wobrauschek, P., Streli, C., Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Ingerle, D., Meirer, F., Pepponi, G., Demenev, E., Giubertoni, D., Wobrauschek, P., and Streli, C.
Published: 2014

49. Observation of point defect injection from electrical deactivation of arsenic ultra-shallow distributions formed by ultra-low energy ion implantation and laser sub-melt annealing

Author: Debye Institute, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Demenev, Evgeny, Meirer, Florian, Essa, Zahi, Giubertoni, Damiano, Cristiano, Fuccio, Pepponi, Giancarlo, Gennaro, Salvatore, Bersani, Massimo, Foad, Majeed A., Debye Institute, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Demenev, Evgeny, Meirer, Florian, Essa, Zahi, Giubertoni, Damiano, Cristiano, Fuccio, Pepponi, Giancarlo, Gennaro, Salvatore, Bersani, Massimo, and Foad, Majeed A.
Published: 2014

50. Surface evolution of very high dose arsenic implants in silicon formed by plasma immersion ion implantation - a long term study

Author: Debye Institute, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Meirer, Florian, Demenev, Evgeny, Giubertoni, Damiano, Vanzetti, Lia, Gennaro, Salvatore, Fedrizzi, Michele, Pepponi, Giancarlo, Steinhauser, Georg, Vishwanath, Vinayak, Foad, Majeed, Bersani, Massimo, Debye Institute, Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Sub Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Meirer, Florian, Demenev, Evgeny, Giubertoni, Damiano, Vanzetti, Lia, Gennaro, Salvatore, Fedrizzi, Michele, Pepponi, Giancarlo, Steinhauser, Georg, Vishwanath, Vinayak, Foad, Majeed, and Bersani, Massimo
Published: 2014

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