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Background: Positivity (POS) indicates the proclivity to see life and experiences in a positive light. There is limited research on its effects on individuals with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD). Very little is known about the relationship between POS and daily activities in people with SSD. Aim: The study aims to compare the POS rated by patients with SSD with those obtained in an Italian normative sample matched by age and sex and to use the Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to investigate the association between POS and daily time use (i.e. productive activities, leisure activities), functioning and mood in individuals with SSD. Method: 620 SSD patients were recruited from mental health services in Italy as part of the DiAPAson project. POS, symptom severity, functioning, and quality of life (QoL) were assessed. POS scores were compared to a normative sample of 5,002 Italian citizens. Additionally, a subset of 102 patients underwent 7-day assessments using mobile EMA. Results: People with SSD did not significantly differ from the Italian normative sample in POS levels (0.035, p =.190). POS showed a significant inverse association with support network (−0.586, p =.036) and symptomatology (BPRS −0.101; 95% p <.001; BNSS B = −0.113, p <.001). A significant direct association was found between POS and QoL (B = 0.310, p <.001) and functioning (B = 0.058, p <.001). In the subsample using EMA, POS ratings showed significant associations with Positive Emotions (B = 0.167, p <.001) and Negative Emotions (B = −0.201, p <.001). Conclusion: People with SSD exhibited comparable levels of POS to the normative sample. Higher POS was linked to better functioning, QoL, fewer severe symptoms, and increased positive emotions. However, it did not relate to increased productivity or engagement in leisure activities. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between POS and time use in individuals with SSD.

The scientific objective of Archimedes is to weigh the vacuum, i.e. to investigate the role of the interaction of vacuum fluctuations with the force of gravity, using a high sensitivity balance. It will measure the small weight variations induced in two high-temperature superconductors that have the property of "trapping" or "expelling" vacuum energy when their temperatures are greater or lower than their critical temperatures (thermal modulation). Only the radiative heat exchange mechanism must be used to remove or add thermal energy to the sample as it must be isolated from any external interaction that could prevent the reversibility of the thermodynamic transformation or generate a spurious force on the sample. A cryogenic prototype at liquid nitrogen temperature is being optimised for performing thermal modulation with the help of a FEM analysis. The characterisation of different high-temperature superconductors is also an important study to be explored. The most recent results will be presented.

Background: Positivity (POS) indicates the proclivity to see life and experiences in a positive light. There is limited research on its effects on individuals with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD). Very little is known about the relationship between POS and daily activities in people with SSD. Aim: The study aims to compare the POS rated by patients with SSD with those obtained in an Italian normative sample matched by age and sex and to use the Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to investigate the association between POS and daily time use (i.e. productive activities, leisure activities), functioning and mood in individuals with SSD. Method: 620 SSD patients were recruited from mental health services in Italy as part of the DiAPAson project. POS, symptom severity, functioning, and quality of life (QoL) were assessed. POS scores were compared to a normative sample of 5,002 Italian citizens. Additionally, a subset of 102 patients underwent 7-day assessments using mobile EMA. Results: People with SSD did not significantly differ from the Italian normative sample in POS levels (0.035, p =.190). POS showed a significant inverse association with support network (−0.586, p =.036) and symptomatology (BPRS −0.101; 95% p <.001; BNSS B = −0.113, p <.001). A significant direct association was found between POS and QoL (B = 0.310, p <.001) and functioning (B = 0.058, p <.001). In the subsample using EMA, POS ratings showed significant associations with Positive Emotions (B = 0.167, p <.001) and Negative Emotions (B = −0.201, p <.001). Conclusion: People with SSD exhibited comparable levels of POS to the normative sample. Higher POS was linked to better functioning, QoL, fewer severe symptoms, and increased positive emotions. However, it did not relate to increased productivity or engagement in leisure activities. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between POS and time use in individuals with SSD.

In Los Angeles, 45,021 people experiencing unsheltered homelessness received street outreach services between July 1, 2019 and June 30, 2020. Supporting and housing unsheltered residents is an urgent priority in Los Angeles, and it is imperative to better understand the challenges that individuals are facing. Questions persist about the size and unique needs of the group of individuals who are unsheltered and diagnosed with a serious mental illness (SMI). This is because unsheltered individuals experiencing serious mental illness, and particularly those individuals with a diagnosis of a psychotic spectrum disorder (“PSD”), may experience symptoms that could cause or contribute to losing housing and that could lengthen the duration of homelessness. This group often needs intensive, specialized, and coordinated care in order to exit homelessness. To better understand the prevalence of psychotic spectrum disorders (“PSD”) among those who are unsheltered, the California Policy Lab (CPL) linked homeless outreach service records found in the Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority’s (LAHSA) Homeless Management Information System (HMIS) to service records at the LA County Department of Mental Health (DMH) and the LA County Department of Health Services (DHS). We used the linked data to estimate the number of people who are enrolled in a street outreach program and who had a service visit for serious mental illness (“SMI”) in the five years prior to their street outreach enrollment. We then stratified this group into two distinct groups: those with service visits with a diagnosis of PSD and those with service visits with a diagnosis of a serious mental illness without psychotic symptoms (“Other SMI”). We analyzed these data to show how many people in these groups were enrolled in interim or permanent housing within one year of their enrollment in street outreach services, and we break down interim and permanent housing enrollments by race and ethnicity. Our analysis also sh

We provide a methodological approach to the estimate of the change of the quantum vacuum electromagnetic energy density in a high critical temperature superconducting metal bulk sample, when it undergoes the transition in temperature, from the superconducting to the normal phase. The various contributions to the Casimir energy in the two phases are highlighted and compared. While the transverse magnetic polarization of the vacuum mode allows for a macroscopic description of the superconducting transition, the changes in the transverse electric vacuum mode induced by the superconductive correlations are introduced within a microscopic model, which does not explicitly take into account the anisotropic structure of the material.

Il contributo affronta il tema della struttura e dell’ampiezza della giurisdizione dei tribunali della Chiesa cattolica operanti nell’Inghilterra medievale prima del verificarsi dello Scisma Anglicano. La conquista normanna si colloca nel periodo storico considerato come uno spartiacque per lo sviluppo delle istituzioni giudiziarie inglesi. È a partire da questo periodo storico che si delinea la formale distinzione tra tribunali civili e i tribunali ecclesiastici (non prevista in epoca anglosassone) e nasce un sistema articolato e rigidamente strutturato in forma gerarchica di corti ecclesiastiche le quali eserciteranno, fino al XVI secolo, una giurisdizione molto più ampia di quella esercitata dalle stesse corti sul Continente estendendosi ratione spiritualibus anche in temporalibus rebus investendo tanto le controversie tra chierici quanto quelle tra laici. Questo stato di cose ha portato il diritto canonico applicato dai tribunali ecclesiastici ad essere un indiscusso protagonista nella formazione di singoli istituti caratterizzanti l’odierno diritto anglosassone e, più in generale, nello sviluppo dell’intero sistema giuridico inglese.

In this paper we study the Casimir energy of a sample made by N cavities, with N≫ 1 , across the transition from the metallic to the superconducting phase of the constituting plates. After having characterised the energy for the configuration in which the layers constituting the cavities are made by dielectric and for the configuration in which the layers are made by plasma sheets, we concentrate our analysis on the latter. It represents the final step towards the macroscopical characterisation of a “multi-cavity” (with N large) necessary to fully understand the behaviour of the Casimir energy of a YBCO (or a GdBCO) sample across the transition. Our analysis is especially useful to the Archimedes experiment, aimed at measuring the interaction of the electromagnetic vacuum energy with a gravitational field. To this purpose, we aim at modulating the Casimir energy of a layered structure, the multi-cavity, by inducing a transition from the metallic to the superconducting phase. After having characterised the Casimir energy of such a structure for both the metallic and the superconducting phase, we give an estimate of the modulation of the energy across the transition.

We argue that there is a special doping point in the phase diagram of cuprates, such that the condensation of holes into a charge-ordered and a superconducting phase are degenerate in energy but with an energy barrier in between. We present Monte Carlo simulations of a phenomenological XXZ model for this problem without and with quenched disorder in two dimensions. While in the clean case charge order and superconductivity are separated by a first-order line which is nearly independent of temperature, in the presence of quenched disorder charge order is fragmented into domains separated by superconducting filaments reminiscent of the supersolid behaviour in 4He. Assuming weak interlayer couplings, the resulting phase diagram of the three-dimensional system is in good agreement with the experiments.

Different classes of low-dimensional superconducting systems exhibit an inhomogeneous filamentary superconducting condensate whose macroscopic coherence still needs to be fully investigated and understood. Here, we present a thorough analysis of the superfluid response of a prototypical filamentary superconductor embedded in a two-dimensional metallic matrix. By mapping the system into an exactly solvable random impedance network, we show how the dissipative (reactive) response of the system non-trivially depends on both the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the metallic (superconducting) fraction. We compare our calculations with resonant microwave transport measurements performed on LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures over an extended range of temperatures and carrier densities finding that the filamentary character of superconductivity accounts for unusual peculiar features of the experimental data.

When developing a new healthcare product, stringent technical and certification requirements must be met, and design and usability aspects must be taken into account. Involving potential users at an early stage is essential if all their needs are to be aligned holistically. People-driven innovation is a tried and tested methodology that incorporates the user perspective throughout the development process, making them active contributors from concept to product launch. In this context, UVISA HEALTH, recognized by EIT-Health[1] as one of Europe’s most innovative healthcare start-ups, has asked the Instituto de Biomecánica (IBV) to provide a user-centered design service to generate conceptual proposals for an innovative product to treat vaginal infections. This service is seen as a comprehensive collaboration in which the designers’ perspectives, the company’s experience and the input of potential end-users are brought together to design a product that not only meets the technical requirements, but also takes into account the preferences and usability demanded by the market. This article explores in detail how this synergy of vision and the commitment to participatory and user-centered design is a defining factor in the development of products from their initial stages., Desarrollar nuevos productos en el campo de la salud implica cumplir con exigentes requisitos técnicos y de certificación, además de considerar aspectos del diseño y la usabilidad. Involucrar a potenciales usuarios desde las etapas iniciales, es esencial para alinear todas las necesidades de manera holística. La Innovación Orientada por las Personas ofrece una metodología probada para incorporar la perspectiva de los usuarios en todo el proceso de desarrollo, convirtiéndolos en colaboradores activos desde la ideación hasta el lanzamiento del producto. En esta línea, la empresa UVISA HEALTH, reconocida por EIT-Health[1] como una de las startups europeas más innovadoras en el campo de la salud, ha solicitado al Instituto de Biomecánica (IBV) un servicio de diseño orientado al usuario para la generación de propuestas conceptuales de un producto innovador de tratamiento de infecciones vaginales. Este servicio se plantea como un ejercicio de colaboración integral, reuniendo las perspectivas de diseñadores, la experiencia de la empresa y las voces de potenciales usuarias finales, para diseñar un producto que no solo cumpla con los requisitos técnicos, sino que también tenga en cuenta las preferencias y la usabilidad requeridas por el mercado. Este artículo explora en detalle cómo esta sinergia de visiones y la apuesta por el Diseño Participativo y Orientado al Usuario es un factor determinante para el desarrollo de productos desde sus estadios iniciales.

Dataset: 2019 BAIT Dissolved Iron Speciation, Dissolved iron-binding organic ligand concentrations and conditional stability constants from GO-FLO water column samples collected in 2019 during four Bermuda Atlantic Iron Time-serires (BAIT) cruises in the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) region. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/869081, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1829777

Different classes of low-dimensional superconducting systems exhibit an inhomogeneous filamentary superconducting condensate whose macroscopic coherence still needs to be fully investigated and understood. Here we present a thorough analysis of the superfluid response of a prototypical filamentary superconductor embedded in a {two-dimensional} metallic matrix. By mapping the system into an exactly solvable random impedance network, we show how the dissipative (reactive) response of the system non-trivially depends on both the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the metallic (superconducting) fraction. We compare our calculations with resonant-microwave transport measurements performed on LaAlO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ heterostructures over an extended range of temperatures and carrier densities finding that the filamentary character of superconductivity accounts for unusual peculiar features of the experimental data.

Background: Spinal fusion is the most common surgical treatment for the management of degenerative spinal disease. However, complications such as screw loosening lead to painful pseudoarthrosis, and are a common reason for revision. Optimization of screw trajectories to increase implant resistance to mechanical loading is essential. A recent optimization method has shown potential for determining optimal screw position and size based on areas of high bone elastic modulus (E-modulus). Aim: The aim of this biomechanical study was to verify the optimization algorithm for pedicle screw placement in a cadaveric study and to quantify the effect of optimization. The pull-out strength of pedicle screws with an optimized trajectory was compared to that of a traditional trajectory. Methods: Twenty-five lumbar vertebrae were instrumented with pedicle screws (on one side, the pedicle screws were inserted in the traditional way, on the other side, the screws were inserted using an optimized trajectory). Results: An improvement in pull-out strength and pull-out strain energy of the optimized screw trajectory compared to the traditional screw trajectory was only observed for E-modulus values greater than 3500 MPa cm$^{3}$. For values of 3500 MPa cm$^{3}$ or less, optimization showed no clear benefit. The median screw length of the optimized pedicle screws was significantly smaller than the median screw length of the traditionally inserted pedicle screws, p < 0.001. Discussion: Optimization of the pedicle screw trajectory is feasible, but seems to apply only to vertebrae with very high E-modulus values. This is likely because screw trajectory optimization resulted in a reduction in screw length and therefore a reduction in the implant-bone interface. Future efforts to predict the optimal pedicle screw trajectory should include screw length as a critical component of potential stability.

One-fourth to one-third of women with endometriosis receiving first-line hormonal treatment lacks an adequate response in terms of resolution of painful symptoms. This phenomenon has been ascribed to "progesterone resistance", an entity that was theorized to explain the gap between the ubiquity of retrograde menstruation and the 10% prevalence of endometriosis among women of reproductive age.Nevertheless, the hypothesis of progesterone resistance is not free of controversies. As our understanding of endometriosis is increasing, authors are starting to set aside the traditionally accepted tunnel vision of endometriosis as a strictly pelvic disease, opening to a more comprehensive perspective of the condition. The question is: are patients not responding to first-line treatment because they have an altered signaling pathway for such treatment, or have we been overlooking a series of other pain contributors which may not be resolved by hormonal therapy?Finding an answer to this question is evermore impelling, for two reasons mainly. Firstly, because not recognizing the presence of further pain contributors adds a delay in treatment to the already existing delay in diagnosis of endometriosis. This may lead to chronicity of the untreated pain contributors as well as causing adverse consequences on quality of life and psychological health. Secondly, misinterpreting the consequences of untreated pain contributors as a non-response to standard first-line treatment may imply the adoption of second-line medical therapies or of surgery, which may entail non-negligible side effects and may not be free of physical, psychological and socioeconomic repercussions.The current narrative review aims at providing an overview of all the possible pain contributors in endometriosis, ranging from those strictly organic to those with a greater neuro-psychological component. Including these aspects in a broader psychobiological approach may provide useful suggestions for treating those patie

Il Concilio Vaticano II costituisce lo spartiacque storico tra due epoche: quella preconciliare dominata dalla visione della Chiesa come societas perfecta inæqualis e dalla conseguente costruzione del rapporto laico/chierico in termini di subordinazione / sovraordinazione e quella post-conciliare nella quale matura l’idea della corresponsabilità e partecipazione di tutti i battezzati - siano essi chierici, laici o religiosi - nell’edificazione del Corpo di Cristo. Gli apporti della dottrina conciliare sono stati trasfusi in termini giuridici nel Codex del 1983 che pone al centro del (nuovo) diritto costituzionale canonico il principio di uguaglianza specificato dal principio di varietà: tutti i fedeli sono eguali nella dignità e nell’azione godendo dei medesimi diritti e doveri ma ognuno di essi è chiamato a partecipare alla missione della Chiesa con uno specifico ruolo determinato dalla rispettiva vocazione e condizione. Dopo aver dato conto del mutamento di indirizzo tra il Codice del 1917 e la nuova codificazione canonica, il presente contributo si sofferma sull’evoluzione della concezione del laicato nel post- Concilio con particolare attenzione ad alcuni documenti pubblicati nel corso degli ultimi tre pontificati sottolineandosene il contributo decisivo sia quanto all’interpretazione, arricchimento e sviluppo dei principi conciliari sia quanto all’applicazione concreta delle norme codiciali.

We report the experimental results of a prototype balance for the Archimedes experiment, devoted to measure the interaction between quantum vacuum energy and gravity. The prototype is a beam balance working at room temperature which shares with the final balance several mechanical and optical components. The balance sensitivity has been tested at the site of the Virgo gravitational wave detector in order to benefit from its quiet environment and control facilities. This allowed also the test of the coherence of the balance data with the Virgo interferometer signal and with the environmental data. In the low-frequency regime, the balance has shown a sensitivity of about 8×10-12Nm/Hz, which is among the best in the world, and it is very promising toward the final Archimedes measurement. In the high-frequency region, above a few Hz, relying on the behavior of the balance as a rotational sensor, the ground tilt has been measured in view of the next work devoted to Newtonian noise subtraction (NNS) in Virgo. The measured ground tilt reaches a minimum of about 8×10-11rad/Hz in the few Hz region and ranges from 10 - 10 to 10-9rad/Hz in the 10–20 Hz region, where a very interesting coherence, at some frequencies, with the Virgo interferometer signal is shown.

statuti personali

In this paper we study the Casimir energy of a sample made by N cavities, with N >> 1, across the transition from the metallic to the superconducting phase of the constituting plates. After having characterized the energy for the configuration in which the layers constituting the cavities are made by dielectric and for the configuration in which the layers are made by plasma sheets, we concentrate our analysis on the latter. It represents the final step towards the macroscopic characterization of a "multi cavity" (with N large) necessary to fully understand the behaviour of the Casimir energy of a YBCO (or a BSCCO) sample across the transition. Our analysis is especially useful to the Archimedes experiment, aimed at measuring the interaction of the electromagnetic vacuum energy with a gravitational field. To this purpose, we aim at modulating the Casimir energy of a layered structure, the multi cavity, by inducing a transition from the metallic to the superconducting phase. After having characterized the Casimir energy of such a structure for both the metallic and the superconducting phase, we give an estimate of the modulation of the energy across the transition., Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, 1 table

After half a century of debate, superconductivity in doped SrTiO3 has come to the fore again with the discovery of interfacial superconductivity in the LaAlO3 /SrTiO3 heterostructures. While these interfaces share the interesting properties of bulk SrTiO3, quantum confinement generates a complex band structure involving bands with different orbital symmetries whose occupancy is tunable by electrostating doping. Multigap superconductivity has been predicted to emerge in LaAlO3 /SrTiO3 at large doping, with a Bose-Einstein condensation character at the Lifshtiz transition. In this article, we report on the measurement of the upper critical magnetic field Hc2 of superconducting (110)-oriented LaAlO3 /SrTiO3 heterostructures and evidence a two-gap superconducting regime at high doping. Our results are quantitatively explained by a theoretical model based on the formation of an unconventional s±-wave superconducting state with a repulsive coupling between the two condensates.

The behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is primarily characterized by deficits in social behaviour and theory of mind (ToM). Although a consensus has been reached on the roles of the cerebellum in social cognition and ToM, its specific contribution to social impairments of bvFTD has never been specifically investigated. The aim of this study was to assess cerebellar structural and functional changes in patients with bvFTD and their potential association with ToM deficits of patients. Therefore, 15 patients with bvFTD and 34 healthy subjects underwent an MRI examination. Voxel-based morphometry was used to assess cerebellar (GM) changes, and a seed-based analysis was performed to test cerebello-cerebral functional connectivity (FC). The performance of bvFTD patients in a ToM task was then correlated with FC patterns. Compared to healthy subjects, patients with bvFTD showed significant cerebellar GM loss specifically involving cerebellar Crus I-II. Additionally, FC changes FC were observed between the cerebellum and cerebral regions related to ToM. Interestingly, patterns of changes in cerebello-cerebral FC correlated with altered ToM performances explored using the "Reading the Mind with the Eyes" test (RMET) of patients. The present findings suggest that specific changes in cerebello-cerebral FC may underlie ToM alterations in patients with bvFTD.

In un Paese come la Gran Bretagna, in cui il multiculturalismo offre uno dei profili migliori di tutta Europa, l'appartenenza ad un gruppo etnico o religioso ha potuto costituire il presupposto per un trattamento giuridico differenziato sia sul piano legislativo che su quello giudiziario attraverso la concessione di determinate libertà: all'approfondimento di queste problematiche è dedicato il presente volume il quale, partendo dal delineare i principi cardine sui quali poggia la cosiddetta giurisdizione multiculturale (Capitolo I), dedica ampio spazio all'analisi della cornice normativa entro la quale si colloca l'operatività delle corti religiose nel Regno Unito (Capitolo II). Nei successivi capitoli sono state evidenziate le criticità della giurisdizione multiculturale individuate principalmente nella privatizzazione della giustizia e nel paradosso della vulnerabilità multiculturale (capitolo III) e la reale incidenza delle decisioni delle "religious courts", nonché l'intreccio tra il diritto confessionale e il diritto statale (capitolo IV).

Formula generica del dubbio di causa e coordinazione dei capi di nullità : per una visione ‘integrale’ della vicenda coniugale

Dissimulation is a technical canon law concept which means something like turning a blind eye to an illegal state of affairs because it would do more harm than good to take positive action against it.

© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Siegel, D. A., Cetinic, I., Graff, J. R., Lee, C. M., Nelson, N., Perry, M. J., Ramos, I. S., Steinberg, D. K., Buesseler, K., Hamme, R., Fassbender, A. J., Nicholson, D., Omand, M. M., Robert, M., Thompson, A., Amaral, V., Behrenfeld, M., Benitez-Nelson, C., Bisson, K., Boss, E., Boyd, P. W., Brzezinski, M., Buck, K., Burd, A., Burns, S., Caprara, S., Carlson, C., Cassar, N., Close, H. H., D’Asaro, E., Durkin, C., Erickson, Z., Estapa, M. L., Fields, E., Fox, J., Freeman, S., Gifford, S., Gong, W., Gray, D., Guidi, L., Haëntjens, N., Halsey, K., Huot, Y., Hansell, D., Jenkins, B., Karp-Boss, L., Kramer, S., Lam, P., Lee, J-M., Maas, A., Marchal, O., Marchetti, A., McDonnell, A., McNair, H., Menden-Deuer, S., Morison, F., Niebergall, A. K., Passow, U., Popp, B., Potvin, G., Resplandy, L., Roca-Martí, M., Roesler, C., Rynearson, T., Traylor, S., Santoro, A., Seraphin, K. D., Sosik, H. M., Stamieszkin, K., Stephens, B., Tang, W., Van Mooy, B., Xiong, Y., Zhang, X. An operational overview of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing (EXPORTS) Northeast Pacific field deployment. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 9(1), (2021): 1, https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2020.00107., The goal of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing (EXPORTS) field campaign is to develop a predictive understanding of the export, fate, and carbon cycle impacts of global ocean net primary production. To accomplish this goal, observations of export flux pathways, plankton community composition, food web processes, and optical, physical, and biogeochemical (BGC) properties are needed over a range of ecosystem states. Here we introduce the first EXPORTS field deployment to Ocean Station Papa in the Northeast Pacific Ocean during summer of 2018, providing context for other papers in this special collection. The experiment was conducted with two ships: a Process Ship, focused on ecological rates, BGC fluxes, temporal changes in food web, and BGC and optical properties, that followed an instrumented Lagrangian float; and a Survey Ship that sampled BGC and optical properties in spatial patterns around the Process Ship. An array of autonomous underwater assets provided measurements over a range of spatial and temporal scales, and partnering programs and remote sensing observations provided additional observational context. The oceanographic setting was typical of late-summer conditions at Ocean Station Papa: a shallow mixed layer, strong vertical and weak horizontal gradients in hydrographic properties, sluggish sub-inertial currents, elevated macronutrient concentrations and low phytoplankton abundances. Although nutrient concentrations were consistent with previous observations, mixed layer chlorophyll was lower than typically observed, resulting in a deeper euphotic zone. Analyses of surface layer temperature and salinity found three distinct surface water types, allowing for diagnosis of whether observed changes were spatial or temporal. The 2018 EXPORTS field deployment is among the most comprehensive biological pump studies ever conducted. A second deployment to the North Atlantic Ocean occurred in spring 2021, which will be followed by focused work, DAS, NN, KB, EF, SK, AB, AM, UP: NASA 80NSSC17K0692. MJB, EB, JG, LG, KH, LKB, JF, NH: NASA 80NSSC17K0568. KB, CBN, LR, MRM: NASA 80NSSC17K0555. CC, DH, BS: NASA 80NSSC18K0437. HC: NSF 1830016. BP, KDS: NSF 1829425. ME, KB, CD, MO: NASA 80NSSC17K0662. AF: NSF 1756932. BJ, KB, MB, SB, SC: NSF 1756442. PH, OM, JML: NSF 1829614. CL, ED, DN, MO, MJP, AT, ZN, ST: NASA 80NSSC17K0663. AM, NC, SG, WT, AN, WG: NASA 80NSSC17K0552. SMD, TR, HM, FM: NASA 80NSSC17K0716. CR, HS: NASA 80NSSC17K0700. AS, PB: NASA 80NSSC18K1431. DS, AM, KS NASA 80NSSC17K0654. BVM: NSF 1756254. XZ, DG, LG, YH: NASA 80NSSC17K0656 and 80NSSC20K0350.

Two-dimensional superconductors with disorder at the nanoscale can host a variety of intriguing phenomena. The superconducting transition is marked by a broad percolative transition with a long tail of the resistivity as function of the temperature. The fragile filamentary superconducting clusters, forming at low temperature, can be strengthened further by proximity effect with the surrounding metallic background, leading to an enhancement of the superfluid stiffness well below the percolative transition. Finite-frequency dissipation effects, e.g., related to the appearance of thermally excited vortices, can also significantly contribute to the resulting physics. Here, we propose a random impedance model to investigate the role of dissipation effects in the formation and strengthening of fragile superconducting clusters, discussing the solution within the effective medium theory., QC 20210916

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Background: The assessment of semantic memory may be a useful marker to identify individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who will progress to Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the early stages of the disease. Objective: The aim of this five-year follow-up longitudinal study is to assess whether semantic assessment could predict progression in MCI. Methods: A population of MCI (N = 251); mild (N = 178) and moderate AD (N = 114); and a sample of healthy participants (HP; N = 262) was investigated. The five-year follow-up of the MCI group was completed by 178 patients. Semantic and episodic memory measures were used, including a measure of the discrepancy between categorical and phonological verbal fluency, the semantic-phonological delta (SPD). The main outcome was the progression of MCI due to AD to dementia. Results: A general linear model showed a significant effect of diagnosis on SPD (Wilks' Lambda = 0.591; p < 0.001). The estimated marginal means were -0.91 (SE = 0.185) in HP, -1.83 (SE = 0.187) in MCI, -1.16 (SE = 0.218) in mild AD, and -1.02 (SE = 0.275) in moderate AD. Post-hoc comparisons showed a significant difference between MCI and HP (p < 0.001). The follow-up was completed by 178 MCI individuals. SPD in MCI patients who progress to dementia was significantly lower than in MCI that will not progress (p = 0.003). Together with the Mini-Mental State Examination, the SPD was the only measure with a significant predicting effect at the five-years follow-up (p = 0.016). Conclusion: The SPD indicate the impairment of semantic memory in individuals with underlying AD at the MCI early stage, reflecting the early involvement of perirhinal and entorhinal cortices in the earliest stages of AD neuropathological process.

PURPOSE The present study compared patients developing ASD after L4/5 spinal fusion with a control group using a patient-specific statistical shape model (SSM) to find alignment-differences between the groups. METHODS This study included patients who had undergone spinal fusion at L4/5 and either remained asymptomatic (control group; n = 25, follow-up of > 4 years) or required revision surgery for epifusional ASD (n = 22). Landmarks on preoperative and postoperative lateral radiographs were annotated, and the optimal spinal sagittal alignment was calculated for each patient. The two-dimensional distance from the SSM-calculated optimum to the actual positions before and after fusion surgery was compared. RESULTS Postoperatively, the additive mean distance from the SSM-calculated optimum was 86.8 mm in the ASD group and 67.7 mm in the control group (p = 0.119). Greater differences were observed between the groups with a larger distance to the ideal in patients with ASD at more cranial levels. Significant difference between the groups was seen postoperatively in the vertical distance of the operated segment L4. The patients with ASD (5.69 ± 3.0 mm) had a significant greater distance from the SSM as the control group (3.58 ± 3.5 mm, p = 0.034). CONCLUSION Patients with ASD requiring revision after lumbar spinal fusion have greater differences from the optimal spinal sagittal alignment as an asymptomatic control group calculated by patient-specific statistical shape modeling. Further research might help to understand the value of SSM, in conjunction with already established indexes, for preoperative planning with the aim of reducing the risk of ASD. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I Diagnostic: individual cross-sectional studies with consistently applied reference standard and blinding.

State-of-the-art preoperative biomechanical analysis for the planning of spinal surgery not only requires the generation of three-dimensional patient-specific models but also the accurate biomechanical representation of vertebral joints. The benefits offered by computational models suitable for such purposes are still outweighed by the time and effort required for their generation, thus compromising their applicability in a clinical environment. In this work, we aim to ease the integration of computerized methods into patient-specific planning of spinal surgery. We present the first pipeline combining deep learning and finite element methods that allows a completely automated model generation of functional spine units (FSUs) of the lumbar spine for patient-specific FE simulations (FEBio). The pipeline consists of three steps: (a) multiclass segmentation of cropped 3D CT images containing lumbar vertebrae using the DenseVNet network, (b) automatic landmark-based mesh fitting of statistical shape models onto 3D semantic segmented meshes of the vertebral models, and (c) automatic generation of patient-specific FE models of lumbar segments for the simulation of flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation movements. The automatic segmentation of FSUs was evaluated against the gold standard (manual segmentation) using 10-fold cross-validation. The obtained Dice coefficient was 93.7% on average, with a mean surface distance of 0.88 mm and a mean Hausdorff distance of 11.16 mm (N = 150). Automatic generation of finite element models to simulate the range of motion (ROM) was successfully performed for five healthy and five pathological FSUs. The results of the simulations were evaluated against the literature and showed comparable ROMs in both healthy and pathological cases, including the alteration of ROM typically observed in severely degenerated FSUs. The major intent of this work is to automate the creation of anatomically accurate patient-specific models by a

IL CONFESSIONALISMO GIUDIZIARIO LIBANESE

Self-efficacy beliefs in emotion regulation were shown to foster well-being and psychosocial adaptation over time. In this study, we investigated their relationship with daily affect intensity among 199 adolescents aged 15–19. Participants completed the Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale measuring perceived capability to manage the experience and expression of negative emotions (SE-NE) and positive emotions (SE-PO). Through Experience Sampling Method, for 1 week they also repeatedly rated their positive affect (happiness and contentment) and negative affect (anger, anxiety, sadness). Multilevel regression models revealed an additive intensifying predictive effect of SE-PO and SE-NE on happiness and contentment, and a single direct negative effect of SE-NE on sadness. Models also highlighted an interactive effect of SE-PO and SE-NE on all negative affect variables, such that only at low SE-PO levels did high SE-NE predict lower negative affect. Findings support the relation between adolescents’ regulatory emotional self-efficacy beliefs and their daily affect intensity, bringing forward suggestions for intervention.

This paper is to account for the fundamental contribution offered by Francisco Suárez, with his De Legibus ac Deo legislatore, in tracing the clear conceptual and operative boundaries of epikeia. In fact, three merits must be recognized to the philosopher: given a clear systematic framing of the epikeia in the interpretation of the law; awarded to epikeia, through a careful work of conceptual clarification, dignity of an autonomous legal institute with respect to similar figures with which other scholars before him easily confused; studied with methodological rigor the different operation of the institute with respect to human law and natural law. In relation to human law, Suárez identifies the three general cases in which it is possible and lawful to make use of epikeia. The theme of the application of epikeia to natural law, however, is so important for the philosopher of Grenade to be object of an autonomous discussion in Chapter XVI of Book II of the work cited. The solution proposed by Suárez relating to the relationships between epikeia and natural law, as will be seen, is different from the ones proposed by other illustrious authors who preceded him, first of all Thomas Aquinas.

A particular pre-modern form of management of multiculturalism and religious pluralism is represented by the Ottoman Empire which, despite being a confessional State that welcomed Islam as a state religion, recognized to the members of the other two monotheistic religions, Judaism and Christianity, the freedom to profess one’s religious faith freely and to establish oneself in separate enclaves with broad spheres of self-government. In fact, each religious community exercised genuine legislative and jurisdictional autonomy in certain well-defined areas of public and private law. The Ottoman Sultans, far from pursuing the forced conversion of all subjects to the Islamic religion, see in the religious factor and in the multi-confessional nature of the Empire an organizational principle of State power and an instrument for preserving the stability of the State. It is the millet system founded on the institute of divine law of the dhimma. After providing some historical coordinates about the origins of the system, this contribution describes its fundamentals and functioning.

Some two-dimensional superconductors like, e.g., LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures or thin films of transition metal dichalcogenides, display peculiar properties that can be understood in terms of electron inhomogeneity at the nanoscale. In this framework, unusual features of the metal-superconductor transition have been interpreted as due to percolative effects within a network of superconducting regions embedded in a metallic matrix. In this work we use a mean-field-like effective medium approach to investigate the superconducting phase below the critical temperatureTcat which the resistivity vanishes. Specifically, we consider the finite frequency impedance of the system to extract the dissipative part of the conductance and the superfluid stiffness in the superconducting state. Intriguing effects arise from the metallic character of the embedding matrix: upon decreasing the temperature below T-c proximity effects may rapidly increase the superfluid stiffness. Then, a rather fragile superconducting state, living on a filamentary network just below T-c, can be substantially consolidated by additional superconducting regions induced by proximity effect in the interstitial metallic regions. This mean-field prediction should call for further theoretical analyses and trigger experimental investigations of the superconducting properties of the above systems., QC 20200826

Dataset: Fe-Labeling Expt: E.coli and phage T4 or T5, This data was collected as part of a study investigating the source of iron to bacteriophage (phage for short, or viruses that infect and kill bacteria) progeny. Evidence from a phage that infects E. coli shows iron incorporated into the tail fiber structure. This study aims at identifying whether the source of the iron is environmental or bacterially derived. E. coli bacterial cultures were grown in minimal media spiked with 10 µM 57FeSO4 then infected with phage T4 or T5. The phages were purified by methods of centrifugation, filtration, density-dependent ultracentrifugation, and dialyzing. The resulting phage fractions were quantified by SYBR epifluorescence microscopy and metal concentrations were measured on an ELEMENT XR ICP-MS. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/757485, NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1722761

This paper aims to underscore the path of the character Natalina from the short story Quantos filhos Natalina teve?, who survived turbulent pregnancies. Through this narrative, compiled in the book Olhos d’água, written by Conceição Evaristo, the author highlights elements of resistance of the black poor woman. Using a theoretical perspective that includes and ponders about the black feminism, from the decolonial feminism. Evaristo is an admirer of the memory and explores them in hers escrevivências, a word the author uses to characterize the writing about her perceptions, as well as other women. That’s the approach the writer selected to give voice for those who were historically excluded: black people, poor people and women., O presente artigo analisa a trajetória de (sobre)vivência da personagem Natalina no conto Quantos filhos Natalina teve?, compilado no livro Olhos d’água da escritora brasileira Conceição Evaristo e busca, por meio das turbulentas gestações, apontar elementos de resistência dessa mulher negra e pobre. Usufruindo, para tanto, de uma perspectiva teórica que reflete a respeito do feminismo negro, do feminismo decolonial. Apreciadora das memórias, Evaristo desfruta delas para produzir as suas “escrevivências” e institui um verossímil lugar de fala às suas personagens: mulheres negras, subalternizadas.

To perform real-world tasks like grasping, the primate brain has to process visual object information so that the grip aperture can be adjusted before contact with the object is made. Previous studies have demonstrated that the posterior subsector of the Anterior Intraparietal area (pAIP) is connected to frontal area 45B, and the anterior subsector of AIP (aAIP) to F5a (Premereur et al., 2015). However, the role of area 45B and F5a in visually-guided object grasping is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of area 45B, F5a and F5p in visually-guided grasping. If a neuronal response to an object during passive fixation represents the activation of a motor command related to the preshaping of the hand, such neurons should prefer objects presented within reachable distance. Conversely, neurons encoding a pure visual representation of an object should be less affected by viewing distance. Contrary to our expectations, we found that the majority of neurons in area 45B were object- and viewing distance selective, with a clear preference for the near viewing distance. Area F5a showed much weaker object selectivity compared to 45B, with a similar preference for objects presented at the Near position emerging mainly in the late epoch. Finally, F5p neurons were less object selective and frequently preferred objects presented at the Far position. Therefore, contrary to our expectations, neurons in area 45B - but not F5p neurons - prefer objects presented in peripersonal space.

Il contributo introduce il volume sul diritto canonico orientale e lo statuto personale libanese

Il presente contributo intende presentare e discutere il lavoro di costruzione d’indicatori sintetici per la profilazione della competenza digitale dell’insegnante. Il lavoro di ricerca si colloca lungo un iter di lavoro avviato nel 2007 nell’ambito dell’attività di monitoraggio, che l’équipe del CREMIT ha condotto per conto di Indire relativamente ai progetti nazionali di formazione dei docenti. Attraverso un questionario (24645 insegnanti) si operò un tentativo di sistematizzazione delle pratiche didattiche inquadrandole in profili di competenze. La clusterizzazione fu determinata dal livello di appropriazione della tecnologia, per cui si riscontrò nel profilo Pioniere un uso frequente della tecnologia come spazio di lavoro e comunicazione (2,45%), nel Neofita un uso più strumentale e spesso non calato nella didattica (33,25), nel Praticante un uso diretto nella didattica, ma senza il ricorso a strumenti di comunicazione (61,2%). Il lavoro di profilazione è stato aggiornato alla luce dei mutamenti culturali-tecnologici e rivisto negli anni successivi in quello che è andato fissandosi come uno standard di ricerca del CREMIT: nel 2013 la ricerca-azione MOTUS (95 compilazioni), nel 2015 il progetto SMART FUTURE (65 compilazioni), nelle due edizioni del TFA presso l’UCSC (2012, 2014) e PAS (2015) 126 compilazioni. Tale standard si attesta su una serie d’indicatori, dei quali citiamo in questa sede solo alcuni: gli strumenti di comunicazione impiegati, dalla e-mail all’utilizzo di ambienti digitali; le metodologie didattiche associate a essi, dalla lezione laboratorio, alla discussione on line o studio di caso. La frequenza d’uso delle web application e degli ambienti digitali per animare la propria didattica. Oltre alle pratiche, personali e professionali, il questionario indaga le rappresentazioni della tecnologia connesse ai tre profili (Rivoltella 2014.). Il questionario così derivante di profilatura tecnologica è stato somministrato in ultima, ma non defi

The definition of target alignment for spinal fusion surgery follows anatomical criteria and strongly relies on surgical experience. However, the optimal patient-specific alignment often remains unknown. Statistical models could provide information about physiological alignments, and musculoskeletal models are powerful tools to investigate biomechanics. We aimed to statistically predict alignments and hypothesized they would be biomechanically favorable. A statistical model was trained with 60 annotated radiographs to predict physiological sagittal alignment based on position of femoral heads and sacrum. Predicted alignments for 11 back pain patients were clinically evaluated in terms of balance and compared to Original alignments. The normative ranges for spinal balance parameters were obtained from Surgimap™. Musculoskeletal loads were furthermore simulated in upright standing and 30° forward flexion, using alignment-specific musculoskeletal models. For the majority of Predicted alignments (n = 9) at least two of three investigated balance parameters were within the normative range, as opposed to the minority of the Original alignments (n = 4). Predicted alignments resulted in significantly lowered overall muscle activity and compressive loads (all levels, both postures). Shear force magnitudes in upright standing decreased significantly at levels L1L2 (-68 N) and L2L3 (-69 N) and clearly yet not significantly at L3L4 (-39 N) and L4L5 (-152 N). Shear loads at level L5S1 remained the same. In flexed postures identical trends were observed. The statistical model was able to predict spinal alignments that led to both improved balance and reduced musculoskeletal loads. Further studies are needed to investigate clinical validity of such models.

The present study examined the extent to which individual differences in personality that have been previously associated with aggression in non-clinical subjects (Caprara et al., European Journal of Personality, 27(3), 290–303, 2013, Caprara et al., Developmental Psychology, 50(1), 71–85, 2014) account for aggression among adolescents referred to psychiatric services with diagnosis within the externalizing spectrum (i.e., conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). In particular a conceptual model was examined in which individual differences in basic traits (i.e., emotional instability and agreeableness), lower order traits (i.e., irritability and hostile rumination), and social cognitive mechanisms (i.e., moral disengagement) account for aggressive behavior. One hundred and nine adolescents (81 males, 74.3%), ranging in age from 11 to 18 (M = 13.83, SD = 1.70) and referred to psychiatric services for the above diagnoses, participated at the study. Adolescents filled in questionnaires measuring the Big Five traits, as well as irritability, hostile rumination, and moral disengagement; their parents filled in the Child Behavior Checklist to assess children’s aggressive behavior. Findings corroborated the posited pattern of relations previously found in non-clinical samples. In accordance with those findings, moral disengagement largely mediated the association between traits and aggressive behavior. The model explained a significant portion of variance in aggressive behavior. As a novelty, findings showed a direct association between emotional instability and aggressive behavior, pointing to the major relevance of emotional disregulation in adolescents referred for externalizing problem behaviors in comparison to non-clinical adolescents.

In many countries, including Italy, the law of marriage has now been divorced from its Judeo-Christian heritage and given a secular meaning. Can marriage itself survive this process of secularization? The volume explores the drift away from marriage as the basis for family formation in Italy and Europe, and the weakening of the marriage contract in law.

[ES] El Instituto de Biomecánica (IBV) está poniendo a punto un innovador servicio de valoración funcional biomecánica y monitorización de la actividad diaria que permitirá conocer la evolución en el tiempo de pacientes con prótesis de rodilla. Este servicio ayudará a empresas fabricantes de producto sanitario a disponer de información clínica objetiva y relevante sobre el funcionamiento de sus productos, reforzando sus sistemas de vigilancia poscomercialización. Además, este servicio beneficiará a los centros hospitalarios permtiéndoles medir de forma objetiva la efectividad de sus intervenciones y tratamientos rehabilitadores, contribuyendo así a mejorar la gestión y aprovechamiento de sus recursos.

Generating entanglement in a distributed scenario is a fundamental task for implementing the quantum network of the future. We here report a protocol that uses only linear optics for generating Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states with high fidelities in a nearby node configuration. Moreover, we analytically show that the scheme is optimal for certain initial states in providing the highest success probability for sequential protocols. Finally, we give some estimates for the generation rate in a real scenario., QID/Wehner Group, QuTech, Quantum Internet Division, Quantum Information and Software