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1,473 results on '"A. Balzer"'

1. Determining selective voluntary motor control of the lower extremity in children with cerebral palsy

Author

Balzer, Julia

Subjects
615.8
Abstract

For physiotherapists working in neuro-paediatric gait-rehabilitation, improving motor control of the lower extremity is a major focus. Nevertheless, our understanding of selective voluntary motor control (SVMC) is in its infancy. This PhD project aimed to contribute to close this gap by investigating the nature of SVMC of the lower extremity in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and providing a psychometric robust yet sensitive measurement instrument for quantifying SVMC. The first study investigated the influence of SVMC and other lower extremity and trunk motor impairments on gait capacity using multiple regression-analyses. Although SVMC was not kept within the final model, these study results revealed the importance of SVMC in relation to muscle strength, trunk control and gait capacity. The aim of the second study was to establish validity and reliability of the German version of the 'Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity' (SCALE). Although the psychometric properties of the German SCALE were good, information about its responsiveness is lacking. Accordingly, a systematic review was carried out to identify a SVMC measurement instrument with the highest level of evidence for its psychometric properties and best clinical utility. As the findings showed the absence of appropriate, responsive SVMC measures, the aim of the last study was to modify the existing SCALE to make it more sensitive. Due to the positive findings in relation to the psychometric properties of the SCALE, its procedure was combined with a surface electromyography Similarity Index (SI). The first validity and reliability results of the SCALE-SI are promising and serve as benchmarks when applying the SCALE-SI in future clinical and scientific practice. However, to use the SCALE-SI as an outcome measure for detecting therapy-induced changes of SVMC in children with CP, its responsiveness needs to be evaluated in future studies.

Published
2018

2. Förderliche und hinderliche Aspekte für die Umsetzung einer personenzentrierten häuslichen Versorgung aus Sicht von Pflegebedürftigen und An- und Zugehörigen: qualitative Sekundäranalyse von Daten der interprof-HOME-Studie

Author

Kühn, A, Tinis, I, Mazur, AL, Dano, R, Köpke, S, Tetzlaff, B, Scherer, M, Sekanina, U, Müller, C, Hummers, E, Balzer, K, Kühn, A, Tinis, I, Mazur, AL, Dano, R, Köpke, S, Tetzlaff, B, Scherer, M, Sekanina, U, Müller, C, Hummers, E, and Balzer, K

Published
2024

5. Telemedicine in the age of the pandemics: The prospects of web-based remote patient monitoring systems for orthopaedic ambulatory care management in the developing economies

Author

Balzer, Felix, Onyeabor, Uchechukwu Solomon, Okenwa, Wilfred Okwudili, Onwuasoigwe, Okechukwu, Lasebikan, Omolade, Schaaf, Thorsten, Pinkwart, Niels, Balzer, Felix, Onyeabor, Uchechukwu Solomon, Okenwa, Wilfred Okwudili, Onwuasoigwe, Okechukwu, Lasebikan, Omolade, Schaaf, Thorsten, and Pinkwart, Niels

Abstract

Objective The goal of this research was to demonstrate the efficacy of telemedicine via design, implementation and evaluation of a web-based remote patient monitoring system (WB-RPMS) across the tertiary/university teaching hospitals in a developing country Nigeria, as a tool to continue to expand access to an affordable and resilient tertiary healthcare system through the challenging times of the COVID-19 pandemic or any future disruptions. Methods This research employed an agile and human-centred design thinking philosophy, which saw the researchers iteratively collaborate with clinicians across the system development value chain. It also employed qualitative and quantitative research methods for new system evaluations. After the system's development, a 20-patient sample was randomly selected from members of the National Youth Service Corp to evaluate the WB-RPMS Patient Portal for usability and user experience through a survey based on the system usability scale. Again, the COREQ standards for reporting research result were adopted for this study. Results The evaluation of the WB-RPMS Patient Portal by a select patient sample showed that 95.0% of the respondents believed that they would like to use the system frequently. It was also discovered that 90.0% of all respondents also indicated that they found the Patient Portal to be simple; 85.0% of the respondents believed and indicated that the WB-RPMS Patient Portal was easy to use. Conclusions The result of the usability evaluation of the developed WB-RPMS Patient Portal showed that it was well received by the select patient sample and by the clinicians who participated in the development process. In fact, the performance of the system shows that it has the potential to remotely support and sustain improved access to affordable healthcare for outpatients in developing countries even during times of uncertainties and disruptions as recently occasioned by COVID-19 pandemic., Peer Reviewed

Published
2024

6. Clinical Implications of HIV Treatment and Prevention for Polygamous Families in Kenya and Uganda: 'My Co-Wife Is the One Who Used to Encourage Me'.

Author

Johnson-Peretz, Jason, Johnson-Peretz, Jason, Onyango, Anjeline, Gutin, Sarah A, Balzer, Laura, Akatukwasa, Cecilia, Owino, Lawrence, Arunga, Titus MO, Atwine, Fred, Petersen, Maya, Kamya, Moses, Ayieko, James, Ruel, Ted, Havlir, Diane, Camlin, Carol S, Johnson-Peretz, Jason, Johnson-Peretz, Jason, Onyango, Anjeline, Gutin, Sarah A, Balzer, Laura, Akatukwasa, Cecilia, Owino, Lawrence, Arunga, Titus MO, Atwine, Fred, Petersen, Maya, Kamya, Moses, Ayieko, James, Ruel, Ted, Havlir, Diane, and Camlin, Carol S

Abstract

Polygamy is the practice of marriage to multiple partners. Approximately 6-11% of households in Uganda and 4-11% of households in Kenya are polygamous. The complex families produced by polygamous marriage customs give rise to additional considerations for healthcare providers and public health messaging around HIV care. Using 27 in-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews with participants in two studies in rural Kenya and Uganda, we analysed challenges and opportunities that polygamous families presented in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of HIV, and provider roles in improving HIV outcomes in these families. Overall, prevention methods seemed more justifiable to families where co-wives live far apart than when all members live in the same household. In treatment, diagnosis of one member did not always lead to disclosure to other members, creating an adverse home environment; but sometimes diagnosis of one wife led not only to diagnosis of the other, but also to greater household support.

Published
2024

7. The effect of an intervention to promote isoniazid preventive therapy on leadership and management abilities.

Author

Christian, C, Christian, C, Kakande, E, Nahurira, V, Balzer, L, Owaraganise, A, Nugent, J, DiIeso, W, Rast, D, Kabami, J, Peretz, J, Camlin, C, Shade, S, Kamya, M, Havlir, Diane, Chamie, G, Christian, C, Christian, C, Kakande, E, Nahurira, V, Balzer, L, Owaraganise, A, Nugent, J, DiIeso, W, Rast, D, Kabami, J, Peretz, J, Camlin, C, Shade, S, Kamya, M, Havlir, Diane, and Chamie, G

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Across sub-Saharan Africa, mid-level healthcare managers oversee implementation of national guidelines. It remains unclear whether leadership and management training can improve population health outcomes. METHODS: We sought to evaluate leadership/management skills among district-level health managers in Uganda participating in the SEARCH-IPT randomised trial to promote isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) for persons with HIV (PWH). The intervention, which led to higher IPT rates, included annual leadership/management training of managers. We conducted a cross-sectional survey assessing leadership/management skills among managers at trial completion. The survey evaluated self-reported use of leadership/management tools and general leadership/management. We conducted a survey among a sample of providers to understand the interventions impact. Targeted minimum loss-based estimation (TMLE) was used to compare responses between trial arms. RESULTS: Of 163 managers participating in the SEARCH-IPT trial, 119 (73%) completed the survey. Intervention managers reported more frequent use of leadership/management tools taught in the intervention curriculum than control managers (+3.64, 95% CI 1.98-5.30, P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in self-reported leadership skills in the intervention as compared to the control group. Among providers, the average reported quality of guidance and supervision was significantly higher in intervention vs control districts (+1.08, 95% CI 0.63-1.53, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A leadership and management training intervention increased the use of leadership/management tools among mid-level managers and resulted in higher perceived quality of supervision among providers in intervention vs control districts in Uganda. These findings suggest improved leadership/management among managers contributed to increased IPT use among PWH in the intervention districts of the SEARCH-IPT trial.

Published
2024

8. Construcción de un observatorio digital para la lingüística aplicada a la enseñanza de lenguas: ODiLinguApEL

Author

Sánchez Hernández, Paloma, Balzer Haus, Berit, Carreras Huerta, María Elena, Esteban Guijarro, José Manuel, Fernández Bueno, Marta, González Bautista, Diego, Hernández González, María Isabel, Hernández Muñoz, Yaiza Irene, Ortiz de Landaluce Catalina, Marta, Páez Rodríguez, Beatriz, Rodríguez Sánchez, Rafael, Vázquez Jaenada, Eric, Velasco Sánchez, Íñigo, Sánchez Hernández, Paloma, Balzer Haus, Berit, Carreras Huerta, María Elena, Esteban Guijarro, José Manuel, Fernández Bueno, Marta, González Bautista, Diego, Hernández González, María Isabel, Hernández Muñoz, Yaiza Irene, Ortiz de Landaluce Catalina, Marta, Páez Rodríguez, Beatriz, Rodríguez Sánchez, Rafael, Vázquez Jaenada, Eric, and Velasco Sánchez, Íñigo

Published
2024

9. Client experiences with “Dynamic Choice Prevention,” a model for flexible patient‐centred HIV prevention delivery in rural Eastern Africa

Author

Camlin, Carol S, Camlin, Carol S, Arunga, Titus, Johnson‐Peretz, Jason, Akatukwasa, Cecilia, Atwine, Fredrick, Onyango, Angeline, Owino, Lawrence, Kamya, Moses R, Petersen, Maya L, Chamie, Gabriel, Kakande, Elijah, Kabami, Jane, Balzer, Laura B, Havlir, Diane V, Ayieko, James, Camlin, Carol S, Camlin, Carol S, Arunga, Titus, Johnson‐Peretz, Jason, Akatukwasa, Cecilia, Atwine, Fredrick, Onyango, Angeline, Owino, Lawrence, Kamya, Moses R, Petersen, Maya L, Chamie, Gabriel, Kakande, Elijah, Kabami, Jane, Balzer, Laura B, Havlir, Diane V, and Ayieko, James

Abstract

IntroductionIdentifying the optimal approaches to offering HIV prevention to meet the needs of those at risk is a high priority, particularly given the expanding toolkit of biomedical HIV prevention options. An ongoing study in rural East African communities evaluated the uptake of choices in product, testing mode and location of care delivery through a structured patient-centred HIV prevention delivery model. In this qualitative study, we sought to understand clients' experiences of this "dynamic choice prevention model" (DCP) and highlight pathways of action to inform HIV prevention delivery models.MethodsIn-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted from November 2021 through March 2022 with a purposively selected sample of n = 56 participants in DCP trials (across outpatient departments, antenatal clinics and community settings), and n = 21 healthcare providers (total n = 77). A seven-person multi-regional team translated and inductively coded transcript data. We used a framework analysis approach to identify emergent themes.ResultsIndividuals taking up HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) reported feelings of relief, liberation from fears of acquiring HIV and satisfaction with being able to take action despite partners' behaviours. Couples used a range of approaches afforded by the study to persuade partners to get tested and opt for PrEP. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) use was less common, although women welcomed it in the event of sexual coercion or assault. Participants discussed switching from PEP to PrEP after familiarizing themselves with usage and ascertaining ongoing risk. Participants felt respected by providers, trusted them and appreciated being able to contact them directly for telephone support. Prevention uptake was hindered by stigma, limited experience with and knowledge of prevention methods, gendered and generational power dynamics within intimate partnerships and families, and negative perceptions of methods due to the products themselve

Published
2024

10. Blurring cluster randomized trials and observational studies: Two-Stage TMLE for subsampling, missingness, and few independent units

Author

Nugent, Joshua R, Nugent, Joshua R, Marquez, Carina, Charlebois, Edwin D, Abbott, Rachel, Balzer, Laura B, Nugent, Joshua R, Nugent, Joshua R, Marquez, Carina, Charlebois, Edwin D, Abbott, Rachel, and Balzer, Laura B

Abstract

Cluster randomized trials (CRTs) often enroll large numbers of participants; yet due to resource constraints, only a subset of participants may be selected for outcome assessment, and those sampled may not be representative of all cluster members. Missing data also present a challenge: if sampled individuals with measured outcomes are dissimilar from those with missing outcomes, unadjusted estimates of arm-specific endpoints and the intervention effect may be biased. Further, CRTs often enroll and randomize few clusters, limiting statistical power and raising concerns about finite sample performance. Motivated by SEARCH-TB, a CRT aimed at reducing incident tuberculosis infection, we demonstrate interlocking methods to handle these challenges. First, we extend Two-Stage targeted minimum loss-based estimation to account for three sources of missingness: (i) subsampling; (ii) measurement of baseline status among those sampled; and (iii) measurement of final status among those in the incidence cohort (persons known to be at risk at baseline). Second, we critically evaluate the assumptions under which subunits of the cluster can be considered the conditionally independent unit, improving precision and statistical power but also causing the CRT to behave like an observational study. Our application to SEARCH-TB highlights the real-world impact of different assumptions on measurement and dependence; estimates relying on unrealistic assumptions suggested the intervention increased the incidence of TB infection by 18% (risk ratio [RR]=1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85-1.63), while estimates accounting for the sampling scheme, missingness, and within community dependence found the intervention decreased the incident TB by 27% (RR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.57-0.92).

Published
2024

20. Key Research Areas for Building and Deploying a Common Data Model for an Intensive Medicine Data Space in Europe and Beyond

Author

Parra-Calderón, Carlos Luis, Rodríguez Mejías, Silvia, Colpaert, Kirsten, Balzer, Felix, Delange, Boris, Cuggia, Marc, Delamarre, Denis, Daniel, Christel, Moinat, Maxim, van den Brand, Jan, van Genderen, Michel E., Fleureng, Lucas, Jungh, Christian, Álvarez-Romero, Celia, Parra-Calderón, Carlos Luis, Rodríguez Mejías, Silvia, Colpaert, Kirsten, Balzer, Felix, Delange, Boris, Cuggia, Marc, Delamarre, Denis, Daniel, Christel, Moinat, Maxim, van den Brand, Jan, van Genderen, Michel E., Fleureng, Lucas, Jungh, Christian, and Álvarez-Romero, Celia

Abstract

Key Research Areas (KRAs) were identified to establish a semantic interoperability framework for intensive medicine data in Europe. These include assessing common data model value, ensuring smooth data interoperability, supporting data standardization for efficient dataset use, and defining anonymization requirements to balance data protection and innovation.

Published
2024

21. Passion for the Job: The Missing Link Between Work Engagement and Employee Well-Being

Author

Ahmed, Ahsan, Balzer, Alexander, Ahmed, Ahsan, and Balzer, Alexander

Abstract

This thesis investigates the correlation between passion and both work engagement and employee well-being among young professionals in the Swedish labor market. Given the significant economic losses attributed to low work engagement globally, this research aims to explore how fostering passion in the workplace relates to both productivity and human well-being. By integrating theories of motivational psychology and leadership, the study examines the nature of passion and its correlation to job performance and personal well-being. Utilizing a descriptive quantitative research methodology, data was collected from 74 young professionals aged 18 to 45, currently employed in various industries across Sweden. The research employed validated scales to measure passion, work engagement, and employee well-being and applied statistical analysis to test the hypothesized relationships. The findings reveal a positive correlation between passion and work engagement, indicating that individuals who are passionate about their jobs exhibit higher levels of engagement and job satisfaction. Additionally, the study finds that passion correlates with employee well-being, contributing to reduced stress and improved mental health. These results suggest that organizations can achieve sustainable productivity by fostering environments that nurture employee passion and engagement. The thesis contributes to the field of Human Resources (HR) by providing empirical evidence that supports the integration of passion-focused strategies in organizational practices. It offers practical recommendations for HR professionals and leaders to identify and cultivate passion within their workforce. The implications of this research underscore the importance of adopting a human-centric approach to leadership and organizational development in the contemporary workplace.

Published
2024

22. Workshop Deutsch als Zweitsprache, Migration und Mehrsprachigkeit: Jahresschrift - Band 17

Author

Kalkavan-Aydin, Zeynep, Michalak, Magdalena, Rösch, Heidi, Ulrich, Kirstin, Amorocho, Simone, Balzer, Jochen, Jeuk, Stefan, Somper, Marisa, Eckardt, Inga Christiana, Petersen, Inger, Hägi-Mead, Sara, Peschel, Corinna, Pliska-Halilović, Enisa, Ritter, Rosi, Kiele, Clara, Kalkavan-Aydin, Zeynep, Michalak, Magdalena, Rösch, Heidi, Ulrich, Kirstin, Amorocho, Simone, Balzer, Jochen, Jeuk, Stefan, Somper, Marisa, Eckardt, Inga Christiana, Petersen, Inger, Hägi-Mead, Sara, Peschel, Corinna, Pliska-Halilović, Enisa, Ritter, Rosi, and Kiele, Clara

Abstract

Der aktuelle Band der Jahresschrift knüpft an den 17. Workshop für Deutsch als Zweitsprache, Migration und Mehrsprachigkeit an, der im November 2022 an der Friedrich-Alexander- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg stattfand. Das vorliegende Heft bietet eine Vielzahl von interessanten Beiträgen zu vier Forschungsbereichen: Interaktion in Lernsettings, Mehrsprachigkeit, Sprachaneignung mit digitalen Tools und Professionalisierung des pädagogischen Personals.

Published
2024

23. Sprachbildende Unterrichtsinteraktion in ausbildungsvorbereitenden Klassen und in der beruflichen Qualifizierung

Author

Kalkavan-Aydin, Zeynep, Balzer, Jochen, Kalkavan-Aydin, Zeynep, and Balzer, Jochen

Abstract

Die Relevanz eines sprachsensiblen Fachunterrichts ist in den letzten Jahren verstärkt in den Fokus bildungspolitischer und fachwissenschaftlicher und fachdidaktischer Diskussionen gerückt. Dabei geht es unter anderem um die Sprachsensibilität im Fachunterricht, die sich insbesondere in der Unterrichtsinteraktion widerspiegelt. Untersuchungen zum Unterricht in spezifischen Klassenformen in der berufsorientierten (Vor-)Qualifizierung fehlen noch weitgehend. Der Beitrag knüpft an diese Forschungslücke an und setzt sich zum Ziel, ein Teilkorpus aus dem Projekt „Förderung der professionellen Wahrnehmung sprachbildender Lernunterstützung in berufsbildenden Lehramtsstudiengängen“ (gefördert vom Ministerium BW) zu untersuchen, das aus videographiertem Unterricht in sogenannten AVdual-Klassen1 besteht. In diesen Klassen werden auch (neu) zugewanderte Jugendliche unterrichtet, die sich im Übergang Schule und Beruf befinden. Im Beitrag wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie in AVdual-Klassen eine sprachsensible Interaktion zwischen Lehrenden und Lernenden bei der Aufgabenstellung und Besprechung stattfindet., In the last few years, the relevance of language sensitive teaching has increasingly moved into the focus of educational and scientific discussions. Among other things, the focus is on language sensitivity in the classroom, which is particularly reflected in classroom interaction. There is still a lack of research on teaching in specific class forms in vocational (pre-)qualification. The article addresses this research gap and aims to examine a subset of the corpus from the project "Förderung der professionellen Wahrnehmung sprachbildender Lernunterstützung in berufsbildenden Lehramtsstudiengängen" (funded by the Ministry of Education in Baden-Württemberg), which consists of videographed lessons in so-called AVdual classes. In these classes, also (newly) immigrated adolescents are taught who are in the transition period between school and work. The article investigates how language-sensitive interaction between teachers and learners takes place in these AVdual classes.

Published
2024

24. Influence of trunk control and lower extremity impairments on gait capacity in children with cerebral palsy

Author

Balzer, Julia, Marsico, Petra, Mitteregger, Elena, van der Linden, Marietta L., Mercer, Thomas H., van Hedel, Hubertus J.A., Balzer, Julia, Marsico, Petra, Mitteregger, Elena, van der Linden, Marietta L., Mercer, Thomas H., and van Hedel, Hubertus J.A.

Abstract

We investigated the combined impact of trunk control and lower extremities impairments on predicting gait capacity in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and evaluated relationships between trunk control and lower extremities impairments.

Published
2024

25. Randomized Trial of Dynamic Choice HIV Prevention at Antenatal and Postnatal Care Clinics in Rural Uganda and Kenya

Author

Kabami, Jane, Kabami, Jane, Koss, Catherine A, Sunday, Helen, Biira, Edith, Nyabuti, Marilyn, Balzer, Laura B, Gupta, Shalika, Chamie, Gabriel, Ayieko, James, Kakande, Elijah, Bacon, Melanie C, Havlir, Diane, Kamya, Moses R, Petersen, Maya, Team, SEARCH Study, Kabami, Jane, Kabami, Jane, Koss, Catherine A, Sunday, Helen, Biira, Edith, Nyabuti, Marilyn, Balzer, Laura B, Gupta, Shalika, Chamie, Gabriel, Ayieko, James, Kakande, Elijah, Bacon, Melanie C, Havlir, Diane, Kamya, Moses R, Petersen, Maya, and Team, SEARCH Study

Abstract

BackgroundPregnant and postpartum women in Sub-Saharan Africa are at high risk of HIV acquisition. We evaluated a person-centered dynamic choice intervention for HIV prevention (DCP) among women attending antenatal and postnatal care.SettingRural Kenya and Uganda.MethodsWomen (aged 15 years or older) at risk of HIV acquisition seen at antenatal and postnatal care clinics were individually randomized to DCP vs. standard of care (SEARCH; NCT04810650). The DCP intervention included structured client choice of product (daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis or postexposure prophylaxis), service location (clinic or out of facility), and HIV testing modality (self-test or provider-administered), with option to switch over time and person-centered care (phone access to clinician, structured barrier assessment and counseling, and provider training). The primary outcome was biomedical prevention coverage-proportion of 48-week follow-up with self-reported pre-exposure prophylaxis or postexposure prophylaxis use, compared between arms using targeted maximum likelihood estimation.ResultsBetween April and July 2021, we enrolled 400 women (203 intervention and 197 control); 38% were pregnant, 52% were aged 15-24 years, and 94% reported no pre-exposure prophylaxis or postexposure prophylaxis use for ≥6 months before baseline. Among 384/400 participants (96%) with outcome ascertained, DCP increased biomedical prevention coverage 40% (95% CI: 34% to 47%; P < 0.001); the coverage was 70% in intervention vs. 29% in control. DCP also increased coverage during months at risk of HIV (81% in intervention, 43% in control; 38% absolute increase; 95% CI: 31% to 45%; P < 0.001).ConclusionA person-centered dynamic choice intervention that provided flexibility in product, testing, and service location more than doubled biomedical HIV prevention coverage in a high-risk population already routinely offered access to biomedical prevention options.

Published
2024

26. The Galaxy Group Merger Origin of the Cloverleaf Odd Radio Circle System

Author

Bulbul, E., Zhang, X., Kluge, M., Brueggen, M., Koribalski, B., Liu, A., Artis, E., Bahar, Y. E., Balzer, F., Garrel, C., Ghirardini, V., Malavasi, N., Merloni, A., Nandra, K., Ramos-Ceja, M. E., Sanders, J. S., Zelmer, S., Bulbul, E., Zhang, X., Kluge, M., Brueggen, M., Koribalski, B., Liu, A., Artis, E., Bahar, Y. E., Balzer, F., Garrel, C., Ghirardini, V., Malavasi, N., Merloni, A., Nandra, K., Ramos-Ceja, M. E., Sanders, J. S., and Zelmer, S.

Abstract

Odd radio circles (ORCs) are a newly discovered class of extended faint radio sources of unknown origin. We report the first detection of diffuse X-ray gas at the location of a low-redshift ORC (z=0.046) known as Cloverleaf ORC. This observation was performed with the XMM-Newton X-ray telescope. The physical extent of the diffuse X-ray emission corresponds to a region of approximately 230 kpc by 160 kpc, lying perpendicular to the radio emission detected by ASKAP. The X-ray spectrum shows characteristics of thermal multiphase gas with temperatures of 1.10+/-0.08 keV and 0.22+/-0.01 keV and a central density of $(4.9\pm0.6)\times10^{-4}$ cm$^{-3}$, indicating that the Cloverleaf ORC resides in a low-mass galaxy group. Using X-ray observations, with hydrostatic equilibrium and isothermal assumptions, we measure the galaxy group to have a gas mass and a total mass of $(7.7\pm 0.8) \times 10^{11}$ M$_{\rm sun}$ and $2.6\pm0.3\times10^{13}$~$M_{\rm sun}$ within the overdensity radius R$_{500}$. The presence of a high-velocity subgroup identified in optical data, the orientation of the brightest cluster galaxy, the disturbed morphologies of galaxies toward the east of the Cloverleaf ORC, and the irregular morphology of the X-ray emission suggest that this system is undergoing a galaxy group merger. The radio power of the ORC could be explained by the shock reacceleration of fossil cosmic rays generated by a previous episode of black hole activity in the central active galactic nucleus., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A Letters. 8 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables

Published
2024

27. The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey: First catalog of superclusters in the western Galactic hemisphere

Author

Liu, A., Bulbul, E., Kluge, M., Ghirardini, V., Zhang, X., Sanders, J. S., Artis, E., Bahar, Y. E., Balzer, F., Brueggen, M., Clerc, N., Comparat, J., Garrel, C., Gatuzz, E., Grandis, S., Lamer, G., Merloni, A., Migkas, K., Nandra, K., Predehl, P., Ramos-Ceja, M. E., Reiprich, T. H., Seppi, R., Zelmer, S., Liu, A., Bulbul, E., Kluge, M., Ghirardini, V., Zhang, X., Sanders, J. S., Artis, E., Bahar, Y. E., Balzer, F., Brueggen, M., Clerc, N., Comparat, J., Garrel, C., Gatuzz, E., Grandis, S., Lamer, G., Merloni, A., Migkas, K., Nandra, K., Predehl, P., Ramos-Ceja, M. E., Reiprich, T. H., Seppi, R., and Zelmer, S.

Abstract

Superclusters of galaxies mark the large-scale overdense regions in the Universe. Superclusters provide an ideal environment to study structure formation and to search for the emission of the intergalactic medium such as cosmic filaments and WHIM. In this work, we present the largest-to-date catalog of X-ray-selected superclusters identified in the first SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey (eRASS1). By applying the Friends-of-Friends method on the galaxy clusters detected in eRASS1, we identified 1338 supercluster systems in the western Galactic hemisphere up to redshift 0.8, including 818 cluster pairs and 520 rich superclusters with $\ge 3$ members. The most massive and richest supercluster system is the Shapley supercluster at redshift 0.05 with 45 members and a total mass of $2.58\pm0.51 \times10^{16} M_{\odot}$. The most extensive system has a projected length of 127~Mpc. The sizes of the superclusters we identified in this work are comparable to the structures found with galaxy survey data. We also found a good association between the eRASS1 superclusters and the large-scale structures formed by optical galaxies. 3948 clusters, corresponding to $45\%$ of the cluster sample, were identified as supercluster members. The reliability of each supercluster was estimated by considering the uncertainties in cluster redshifts and peculiar velocities. 63\% of the systems have a reliability larger than 0.7. The eRASS1 supercluster catalog provided in this work represents the most extensive sample of superclusters selected in the X-ray band in terms of the unprecedented sample volume, sky coverage, redshift range, the availability of X-ray properties, and the well-understood selection function of the parent cluster sample, which enables direct comparisons with numerical simulations. This legacy catalog will greatly advance our understanding of superclusters and the cosmic large-scale structure., Comment: A&A in press

Published
2024

28. The First SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey: Optical Identification and Properties of Galaxy Clusters and Groups in the Western Galactic Hemisphere

Author

Kluge, M., Comparat, J., Liu, A., Balzer, F., Bulbul, E., Chitham, J. Ider, Ghirardini, V., Garrel, C., Bahar, Y. E., Artis, E., Bender, R., Clerc, N., Dwelly, T., Fabricius, M. H., Grandis, S., Hernández-Lang, D., Hill, G. J., Joshi, J., Lamer, G., Merloni, A., Nandra, K., Pacaud, F., Predehl, P., Ramos-Ceja, M. E., Reiprich, T. H., Salvato, M., Sanders, J. S., Schrabback, T., Seppi, R., Zelmer, S., Zenteno, A., Zhang, X., Kluge, M., Comparat, J., Liu, A., Balzer, F., Bulbul, E., Chitham, J. Ider, Ghirardini, V., Garrel, C., Bahar, Y. E., Artis, E., Bender, R., Clerc, N., Dwelly, T., Fabricius, M. H., Grandis, S., Hernández-Lang, D., Hill, G. J., Joshi, J., Lamer, G., Merloni, A., Nandra, K., Pacaud, F., Predehl, P., Ramos-Ceja, M. E., Reiprich, T. H., Salvato, M., Sanders, J. S., Schrabback, T., Seppi, R., Zelmer, S., Zenteno, A., and Zhang, X.

Abstract

The first SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey (eRASS1) provides the largest intracluster medium-selected galaxy cluster and group catalog covering the western galactic hemisphere. Compared to samples selected purely on X-ray extent, the sample purity can be enhanced by identifying cluster candidates using optical and near-infrared data from the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys. Using the red-sequence-based cluster finder eROMaPPer, we measure individual photometric properties (redshift $z_\lambda$, richness $\lambda$, optical center, and BCG position) for 12,000 eRASS1 clusters over a sky area of 13,116 deg$^2$, augmented by 247 cases identified by matching the candidates with known clusters from the literature. The median redshift of the identified eRASS1 sample is $z=0.31$, with 10% of the clusters at $z>0.72$. The photometric redshifts have an accuracy of $\delta z/(1+z)<0.005$ for $0.0595% for $z>0.05$. For these and further quality assessments of the eRASS1 identified catalog, we apply our identification method to a collection of galaxy cluster catalogs in the literature, as well as blindly on the full Legacy Surveys covering 24,069 deg$^2$. Using a combination of these cluster samples, we investigate the velocity dispersion-richness relation, finding $\log(\lambda)=2.401\times\log(\sigma)-5.074$ with an intrinsic scatter of $0.10\pm0.01$ dex. Our main result is the identified eRASS1 cluster catalog with a high purity and a well-defined X-ray selection process, enabling precise cosmological analyses presented in companion papers., Comment: 36 pages, 23 figures, 6 tables. Submitted to A&A

Published
2024

29. The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey: X-ray selection function models for the eRASS1 galaxy cluster cosmology

Author

Clerc, N., Comparat, J., Seppi, R., Artis, E., Bahar, Y. E., Balzer, F., Bulbul, E., Dauser, T., Garrel, C., Ghirardini, V., Grandis, S., Kirsch, C., Kluge, M., Liu, A., Pacaud, F., Ramos-Ceja, M. E., Reiprich, T. H., Sanders, J. S., Wilms, J., Zhang, X., Clerc, N., Comparat, J., Seppi, R., Artis, E., Bahar, Y. E., Balzer, F., Bulbul, E., Dauser, T., Garrel, C., Ghirardini, V., Grandis, S., Kirsch, C., Kluge, M., Liu, A., Pacaud, F., Ramos-Ceja, M. E., Reiprich, T. H., Sanders, J. S., Wilms, J., and Zhang, X.

Abstract

Characterising galaxy cluster populations from catalog of sources selected in astronomical surveys requires knowledge of sample incompleteness, known as selection function. The first All-Sky Survey (eRASS1) by eROSITA onboard Spectrum Roentgen Gamma (SRG) has enabled the collection of large samples of galaxy clusters detected in the soft X-ray band over the Western Galactic hemisphere. The driving goal consists in constraining cosmological parameters, which puts stringent requirements on accuracy, flexibility and explainability of the selection function models. We use a large set of mock observations of the eRASS1 survey and we process simulated data identically to the real eRASS1 events. We match detected sources to simulated clusters and we associate detections to intrinsic cluster properties. We train a series of models to build selection functions depending only on observable surface brightness data. We develop a second series of models relying on global cluster characteristics such as X-ray luminosity, flux, and expected instrumental count-rate as well as on morphological properties. We validate our models using our simulations and we rank them according to selected performance metrics. We validate the models with datasets of clusters detected in X-rays and via the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect. We present the complete Bayesian population modelling framework developed for this purpose. Our results reveal the surface brightness characteristics most relevant to cluster selection in the eRASS1 sample, in particular the ambiguous role of central surface brightness at the scale of the instrument resolution. We have produced a series of user-friendly selection function models and demonstrated their validity and their limitations. Our selection function for bright sources reproduces well the catalog matches with external datasets. (abridged), Comment: 24 pages, 31 figures, 2 tables. Submitted to A&A

Published
2024

30. The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey: The first catalog of galaxy clusters and groups in the Western Galactic Hemisphere

Author

Bulbul, E., Liu, A., Kluge, M., Zhang, X., Sanders, J. S., Bahar, Y. E., Ghirardini, V., Artis, E., Seppi, R., Garrel, C., Ramos-Ceja, M. E., Comparat, J., Balzer, F., Böckmann, K., Brüggen, M., Clerc, N., Dennerl, K., Dolag, K., Freyberg, M., Grandis, S., Gruen, D., Kleinebreil, F., Krippendorf, S., Lamer, G., Merloni, A., Migkas, K., Nandra, K., Pacaud, F., Predehl, P., Reiprich, T. H., Schrabback, T., Veronica, A., Weller, J., Zelmer, S., Bulbul, E., Liu, A., Kluge, M., Zhang, X., Sanders, J. S., Bahar, Y. E., Ghirardini, V., Artis, E., Seppi, R., Garrel, C., Ramos-Ceja, M. E., Comparat, J., Balzer, F., Böckmann, K., Brüggen, M., Clerc, N., Dennerl, K., Dolag, K., Freyberg, M., Grandis, S., Gruen, D., Kleinebreil, F., Krippendorf, S., Lamer, G., Merloni, A., Migkas, K., Nandra, K., Pacaud, F., Predehl, P., Reiprich, T. H., Schrabback, T., Veronica, A., Weller, J., and Zelmer, S.

Abstract

Clusters of galaxies can be used as powerful probes to study astrophysical processes on large scales, test theories of the growth of structure, and constrain cosmological models. The driving science goal of the SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey (eRASS) is to assemble a large sample of X-ray-selected clusters with a well-defined selection function to determine the evolution of the mass function and, hence, the cosmological parameters. We present here a catalog of 12247 optically confirmed galaxy groups and clusters detected in the 0.2-2.3 keV as extended X-ray sources in a 13,116deg$^2$ region in the western Galactic hemisphere of the sky, which eROSITA surveyed in its first six months of operation. The clusters in the sample span the redshift range $0.003

Published
2024

31. The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey: Dark Energy Survey Year 3 Weak Gravitational Lensing by eRASS1 selected Galaxy Clusters

Author

Grandis, S., Ghirardini, V., Bocquet, S., Garrel, C., Mohr, J. J., Liu, A., Kluge, M., Kimmig, L., Reiprich, T. H., Alarcon, A., Amon, A., Artis, E., Bahar, Y. E., Balzer, F., Bechtol, K., Becker, M. R., Bernstein, G., Bulbul, E., Campos, A., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Cawthon, R., Chang, C., Chen, R., Chiu, I., Choi, A., Clerc, N., Comparat, J., Cordero, J., Davis, C., Derose, J., Diehl, H. T., Dodelson, S., Doux, C., Drlica-Wagner, A., Eckert, K., Elvin-Poole, J., Everett, S., Ferte, A., Gatt, M., Giannini, G., Giles, P., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Harrison, I., Hartley, W. G., Herner, K., Huf, E. M., Kleinebreil, F., Kuropatkin, N., Leget, P. F., Maccrann, N., Mccullough, J., Merloni, A., Myles, J., Nandra, K., Navarro-Alsina, A., Okabe, N., Pacaud, F., Pandey, S., Prat, J., Predehl, P., Ramos, M., Raveri, M., Rollins, R. P., Roodman, A., Ross, A. J., Rykoff, E. S., Sanchez, C., Sanders, J., Schrabback, T., Secco, L. F., Seppi, R., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sheldon, E., Shin, T., Troxel, M., Tutusaus, I., Varga, T. N., Wu, H., Yanny, B., Yin, B., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Alves, O., Bhargava, S., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Carretero, J., Costanzi, M., da Costa, L. N., Pereira, M. E. S., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Doel, P., Ferrero, I., Flaugher, B., Friedel, D., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gutierrez, G., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Jeffrey, N., Lahav, O., Lee, S., Marshall, J. L., Menanteau, F., Ogando, R. L. C., Pieres, A., Malagón, A. A. Plazas, Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Schubnell, M., Smith, M., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Weaverdyck, N., Weller, J., Grandis, S., Ghirardini, V., Bocquet, S., Garrel, C., Mohr, J. J., Liu, A., Kluge, M., Kimmig, L., Reiprich, T. H., Alarcon, A., Amon, A., Artis, E., Bahar, Y. E., Balzer, F., Bechtol, K., Becker, M. R., Bernstein, G., Bulbul, E., Campos, A., Rosell, A. Carnero, Kind, M. Carrasco, Cawthon, R., Chang, C., Chen, R., Chiu, I., Choi, A., Clerc, N., Comparat, J., Cordero, J., Davis, C., Derose, J., Diehl, H. T., Dodelson, S., Doux, C., Drlica-Wagner, A., Eckert, K., Elvin-Poole, J., Everett, S., Ferte, A., Gatt, M., Giannini, G., Giles, P., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Harrison, I., Hartley, W. G., Herner, K., Huf, E. M., Kleinebreil, F., Kuropatkin, N., Leget, P. F., Maccrann, N., Mccullough, J., Merloni, A., Myles, J., Nandra, K., Navarro-Alsina, A., Okabe, N., Pacaud, F., Pandey, S., Prat, J., Predehl, P., Ramos, M., Raveri, M., Rollins, R. P., Roodman, A., Ross, A. J., Rykoff, E. S., Sanchez, C., Sanders, J., Schrabback, T., Secco, L. F., Seppi, R., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Sheldon, E., Shin, T., Troxel, M., Tutusaus, I., Varga, T. N., Wu, H., Yanny, B., Yin, B., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Alves, O., Bhargava, S., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Carretero, J., Costanzi, M., da Costa, L. N., Pereira, M. E. S., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Doel, P., Ferrero, I., Flaugher, B., Friedel, D., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gutierrez, G., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Jeffrey, N., Lahav, O., Lee, S., Marshall, J. L., Menanteau, F., Ogando, R. L. C., Pieres, A., Malagón, A. A. Plazas, Romer, A. K., Sanchez, E., Schubnell, M., Smith, M., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Weaverdyck, N., and Weller, J.

Abstract

Number counts of galaxy clusters across redshift are a powerful cosmological probe, if a precise and accurate reconstruction of the underlying mass distribution is performed -- a challenge called mass calibration. With the advent of wide and deep photometric surveys, weak gravitational lensing by clusters has become the method of choice to perform this measurement. We measure and validate the weak gravitational lensing (WL) signature in the shape of galaxies observed in the first 3 years of the DES Y3 caused by galaxy clusters selected in the first all-sky survey performed by SRG/eROSITA. These data are then used to determine the scaling between X-ray photon count rate of the clusters and their halo mass and redshift. We empirically determine the degree of cluster member contamination in our background source sample. The individual cluster shear profiles are then analysed with a Bayesian population model that self-consistently accounts for the lens sample selection and contamination, and includes marginalization over a host of instrumental and astrophysical systematics. To quantify the accuracy of the mass extraction of that model, we perform mass measurements on mock cluster catalogs with realistic synthetic shear profiles. This allows us to establish that hydro-dynamical modelling uncertainties at low lens redshifts ($z<0.6$) are the dominant systematic limitation. At high lens redshift the uncertainties of the sources' photometric redshift calibration dominate. With regard to the X-ray count rate to halo mass relation, we constrain all its parameters. This work sets the stage for a joint analysis with the number counts of eRASS1 clusters to constrain a host of cosmological parameters. We demonstrate that WL mass calibration of galaxy clusters can be performed successfully with source galaxies whose calibration was performed primarily for cosmic shear experiments., Comment: 27 pages, 18 figures, 2 appendices, submitted to A\&A

Published
2024

32. The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey: Weak-Lensing of eRASS1 Galaxy Clusters in KiDS-1000 and Consistency Checks with DES Y3 & HSC-Y3

Author

Kleinebreil, Florian, Grandis, Sebastian, Schrabback, Tim, Ghirardini, Vittorio, Chiu, I-Non, Liu, Ang, Kluge, Matthias, Reiprich, Thomas H., Artis, Emmanuel, Bahar, Emre, Balzer, Fabian, Bulbul, Esra, Clerc, Nicolas, Comparat, Johan, Garrel, Christian, Gruen, Daniel, Li, Xiangchong, Miyatake, Hironao, Miyazaki, Satoshi, Ramos-Ceja, Miriam E., Sanders, Jeremy, Seppi, Riccardo, Okabe, Nobuhiro, Zhang, Xiaoyuan, Kleinebreil, Florian, Grandis, Sebastian, Schrabback, Tim, Ghirardini, Vittorio, Chiu, I-Non, Liu, Ang, Kluge, Matthias, Reiprich, Thomas H., Artis, Emmanuel, Bahar, Emre, Balzer, Fabian, Bulbul, Esra, Clerc, Nicolas, Comparat, Johan, Garrel, Christian, Gruen, Daniel, Li, Xiangchong, Miyatake, Hironao, Miyazaki, Satoshi, Ramos-Ceja, Miriam E., Sanders, Jeremy, Seppi, Riccardo, Okabe, Nobuhiro, and Zhang, Xiaoyuan

Abstract

We aim to participate in the calibration of the X-ray photon count rate to halo mass scaling relation of galaxy clusters selected in the first eROSITA All-Sky Survey on the Western Galactic Hemisphere (eRASS1) using KiDS-1000 weak-lensing (WL) data. We measure the radial shear profiles around eRASS1 galaxy clusters using background galaxies in KiDS-1000, as well as the cluster member contamination. Furthermore we provide consistency checks with the other stage-III WL surveys who take part in the eRASS1 mass calibration, DES Y3 and HSC-Y3. We determine the cluster member contamination of eRASS1 clusters present in KiDS-1000 based on source number density profiles, where we account for the obscuration caused by cluster galaxies. The extracted shear profiles, together with the contamination model and the lens sample selection, are then analysed through a Bayesian population model. We calibrate the WL mass bias parameter by analysing realistic synthetic shear profiles from mock cluster catalogues. Our consistency checks between KiDS-1000 and DES Y3 & HSC-Y3 include the comparison of contamination-corrected density contrast profiles employing the union of background sources around common clusters, as well as the individual scaling relation results. We present a global contamination model for eRASS1 clusters in KiDS-1000 and the calibration results of the X-ray photon count rate to halo mass relation. The results of the WL mass bias parameter show that the uncertainty of the multiplicative shear bias dominates the systematic error budget at low clusters redshifts while the uncertainty of our contamination model does at high ones. The cross-checks between the three WL surveys show that they are statistically consistent with each other. This enables for the first time cosmological constraints from clusters calibrated by three state-of-the-art WL surveys. (abridged), Comment: 22 pages, 23 figures

Published
2024

33. The SRG-eROSITA All-Sky Survey : Constraints on f(R) Gravity from Cluster Abundance

Author

Artis, E., Ghirardini, V., Bulbul, E., Grandis, S., Garrel, C., Clerc, N., Seppi, R., Comparat, J., Cataneo, M., Bahar, Y. E., Balzer, F., Chiu, I., Gruen, D., Kleinebreil, F., Kluge, M., Krippendorf, S., Li, X., Liu, A., Merloni, A., Miyatake, H., Miyazaki, S., Nandra, K., Okabe, N., Pacaud, F., Predehl, P., Ramos-Ceja, M. E., Reiprich, T. H., Sanders, J. S., Schrabback, T., Zelmer, S., Zhang, X., Artis, E., Ghirardini, V., Bulbul, E., Grandis, S., Garrel, C., Clerc, N., Seppi, R., Comparat, J., Cataneo, M., Bahar, Y. E., Balzer, F., Chiu, I., Gruen, D., Kleinebreil, F., Kluge, M., Krippendorf, S., Li, X., Liu, A., Merloni, A., Miyatake, H., Miyazaki, S., Nandra, K., Okabe, N., Pacaud, F., Predehl, P., Ramos-Ceja, M. E., Reiprich, T. H., Sanders, J. S., Schrabback, T., Zelmer, S., and Zhang, X.

Abstract

The evolution of the cluster mass function traces the growth of the linear density perturbations and can be utilized for constraining the parameters of cosmological and alternative gravity models. In this context, we present new constraints on potential deviations from general relativity by investigating the Hu-Sawicki parametrization of the f(R) gravity with the first SRG-eROSITA All-Sky Survey (eRASS1) cluster catalog in the Western Galactic Hemisphere in combination with the overlapping Dark Energy Survey Year 3, KiloDegree Survey and Hyper Supreme Camera data for weak lensing mass calibration. For the first time, we present constraints obtained from cluster abundances only. When we consider massless neutrinos, we find a strict upper limit of log |fR0| < -4.31 at 95% confidence level. Massive neutrinos suppress structure growth at small scales, and thus have the opposite effect of f(R) gravity. We consequently investigate the joint fit of the mass of the neutrinos with the modified gravity parameter. We obtain log |fR0| < -4.12 jointly with \sum m_\nu < 0.44 e.V. at 95% confidence level, tighter than the limits in the literature utilizing cluster counts only. At log |fR0|= - 6, the number of clusters is not significantly changed by the theory. Consequently, we do not find any statistical deviation from general relativity from the study of eRASS1 cluster abundance. Deeper surveys with eROSITA, increasing the number of detected clusters, will further improve constraints on log |fR0| and investigate alternative gravity theories., Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, submitted to A&A

Published
2024

34. The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey: Cosmology Constraints from Cluster Abundances in the Western Galactic Hemisphere

Author

Ghirardini, V., Bulbul, E., Artis, E., Clerc, N., Garrel, C., Grandis, S., Kluge, M., Liu, A., Bahar, Y. E., Balzer, F., Chiu, I., Comparat, J., Gruen, D., Kleinebreil, F., Krippendorf, S., Merloni, A., Nandra, K., Okabe, N., Pacaud, F., Predehl, P., Ramos-Ceja, M. E., Reiprich, T. H., Sanders, J. S., Schrabback, T., Seppi, R., Zelmer, S., Zhang, X., Bornemann, W., Brunner, H., Burwitz, V., Coutinho, D., Dennerl, K., Freyberg, M., Friedrich, S., Gaida, R., Gueguen, A., Haberl, F., Kink, W., Lamer, G., Li, X., Liu, T., Maitra, C., Meidinger, N., Mueller, S., Miyatake, H., Miyazaki, S., Robrade, J., Schwope, A., Stewart, I., Ghirardini, V., Bulbul, E., Artis, E., Clerc, N., Garrel, C., Grandis, S., Kluge, M., Liu, A., Bahar, Y. E., Balzer, F., Chiu, I., Comparat, J., Gruen, D., Kleinebreil, F., Krippendorf, S., Merloni, A., Nandra, K., Okabe, N., Pacaud, F., Predehl, P., Ramos-Ceja, M. E., Reiprich, T. H., Sanders, J. S., Schrabback, T., Seppi, R., Zelmer, S., Zhang, X., Bornemann, W., Brunner, H., Burwitz, V., Coutinho, D., Dennerl, K., Freyberg, M., Friedrich, S., Gaida, R., Gueguen, A., Haberl, F., Kink, W., Lamer, G., Li, X., Liu, T., Maitra, C., Meidinger, N., Mueller, S., Miyatake, H., Miyazaki, S., Robrade, J., Schwope, A., and Stewart, I.

Abstract

The cluster mass function traces the growth of linear density perturbations and provides valuable insights into the growth of structures, the nature of dark matter, and the cosmological parameters governing the Universe. The primary science goal of eROSITA, on board the {\it Spectrum Roentgen Gamma (SRG)} mission, launched in 2019, is to constrain cosmology through the evolution of cluster mass function. In this paper, we present the cosmological constraints obtained from 5259 clusters of galaxies detected over an area of 12791~deg$^2$ in the Western Galactic Hemisphere of the eROSITA's first All-Sky Survey (eRASS1). The common footprint region between the eROSITA Survey and DES, KiDS, and HSC surveys is used for calibration of the scaling between X-ray count rate and their total mass through measurements of their weak gravitational lensing signal. eRASS1 cluster abundances constrain the $\Lambda$CDM parameters, which are the energy density of the total matter to $\Omega_{\mathrm{m}}=0.29^{+0.01}_{-0.02}$, and the normalization of the density fluctuations to $\sigma_8=0.88\pm0.02$ and their combination yields $S_8=\sigma_8 (\Omega_\mathrm{m} / 0.3)^{0.5}=0.86\pm0.01$, consistent and at a similar precision with the state-of-the-art CMB measurements. eRASS1 cosmological experiment places a most stringent upper limit on the summed masses of left-handed light neutrinos to $\sum m_\nu< 0.22\mathrm{~eV}$ (95\% confidence interval). Combining eRASS1 cluster abundance measurements with CMB and ground-based neutrino oscillation experiments, we measure the summed neutrino masses to be $\sum m_\nu=0.08_{-0.02}^{+0.03}\mathrm{~eV}$ or $\sum m_\nu=0.12_{-0.01}^{+0.03}\mathrm{~eV}$ depending on the mass hierarchy scenario for neutrino eigenstates. eRASS1 cluster abundances significantly improve the constraints on the dark energy equation of state parameter to $w=-1.12\pm0.12$. (ABRIDGED), Comment: 43 pages, 22 figures, submitted to A&A

Published
2024

35. The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey: Constraints on AGN Feedback in Galaxy Groups

Author

Bahar, Y. E., Bulbul, E., Ghirardini, V., Sanders, J. S., Zhang, X., Liu, A., Clerc, N., Artis, E., Balzer, F., Biffi, V., Bose, S., Comparat, J., Dolag, K., Garrel, C., Hadzhiyska, B., Hernández-Aguayo, C., Hernquist, L., Kluge, M., Krippendorf, S., Merloni, A., Nandra, K., Pakmor, R., Popesso, P., Ramos-Ceja, M., Seppi, R., Springel, V., Weller, J., Zelmer, S., Bahar, Y. E., Bulbul, E., Ghirardini, V., Sanders, J. S., Zhang, X., Liu, A., Clerc, N., Artis, E., Balzer, F., Biffi, V., Bose, S., Comparat, J., Dolag, K., Garrel, C., Hadzhiyska, B., Hernández-Aguayo, C., Hernquist, L., Kluge, M., Krippendorf, S., Merloni, A., Nandra, K., Pakmor, R., Popesso, P., Ramos-Ceja, M., Seppi, R., Springel, V., Weller, J., and Zelmer, S.

Abstract

We investigate the impact of AGN feedback, on the entropy and characteristic temperature measurements of galaxy groups detected in the SRG/eROSITA's first All-Sky Survey (eRASS1) to shed light on the characteristics of the feedback mechanisms. We analyze deeper eROSITA observations of 1178 galaxy groups detected in eRASS1. We divide the sample into 271 subsamples and extract average thermodynamic properties, including electron density, temperature, and entropy at three characteristic radii along with the integrated temperature by jointly analyzing X-ray images and spectra following a Bayesian approach. We present the tightest constraints on the impact of AGN feedback through our average entropy and characteristic temperature measurements of the largest group sample used in X-ray studies, incorporating major systematics in our analysis. We find that entropy shows an increasing trend with temperature in the form of a power-law-like relation at the higher intra-group medium temperatures, while for the low mass groups, a slight flattening is observed on the average entropy. Overall, the observed entropy measurements agree well with the earlier measurements in the literature. The comparisons with the state-of-the-art cosmological hydrodynamic simulations (MillenniumTNG, Magneticum, OWL simulations) after the applications of the selection function calibrated for our galaxy groups reveal that observed entropy profiles in the cores are below the predictions of simulations. At the mid-region, the entropy measurements agree well with the Magneticum simulations, whereas the predictions of MillenniumTNG and OWL simulations fall below observations. At the outskirts, the overall agreement between the observations and simulations improves, with Magneticum simulations reproducing the observations the best. Our measurements will pave the way for more realistic AGN feedback implementations in simulations., Comment: 25 pages, 16 figures, 3 tables, Submitted to A&A

Published
2024

36. The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey: SRG/eROSITA cross-calibration with Chandra and XMM-Newton using galaxy cluster gas temperatures

Author

Migkas, K., Kox, D., Schellenberger, G., Veronica, A., Pacaud, F., Reiprich, T. H., Bahar, Y. E., Balzer, F., Bulbul, E., Comparat, J., Dennerl, K., Freyberg, M., Garrel, C., Ghirardini, V., Grandis, S., Kluge, M., Liu, A., Ramos-Ceja, M. E., Sanders, J., Zhang, X., Migkas, K., Kox, D., Schellenberger, G., Veronica, A., Pacaud, F., Reiprich, T. H., Bahar, Y. E., Balzer, F., Bulbul, E., Comparat, J., Dennerl, K., Freyberg, M., Garrel, C., Ghirardini, V., Grandis, S., Kluge, M., Liu, A., Ramos-Ceja, M. E., Sanders, J., and Zhang, X.

Abstract

Galaxy cluster gas temperatures ($T$) play a crucial role in many cosmological and astrophysical studies. However, it has been shown that $T$ measurements can vary between different X-ray telescopes. These $T$ biases can propagate to several cluster applications for which $T$ can be used. Thus, it is important to accurately cross-calibrate X-ray instruments to account for systematic biases. In this work, we present the cross-calibration between SRG/eROSITA and Chandra/ACIS, and between SRG/eROSITA and XMM-Newton/EPIC, using for the first time a large sample of galaxy cluster $T$. To do so, we use the first eROSITA All-Sky Survey data and a large X-ray flux-limited cluster catalog. We measure X-ray $T$ for 186 independent cluster regions with both SRG/eROSITA and Chandra/ACIS in a self-consistent way, for three energy bands; 0.7-7 keV (full), 0.5-4 keV (soft), and 1.5-7 keV (hard). We do the same with SRG/eROSITA and XMM-Newton/EPIC for 71 different cluster regions and all three bands. We find that SRG/eROSITA measures systematically lower $T$ than the other two instruments. For the full band, SRG/eROSITA returns 20$\%$ and 14$\%$ lower $T$ than Chandra/ACIS and XMM-Newton/EPIC respectively, when the two latter instruments measure $k_{\text{B}}T\approx 3$ keV each. The discrepancy increases to 38\% and 32\% when Chandra/ACIS and XMM-Newton/EPIC measure $k_{\text{B}}T\approx 10$ keV respectively. For low-$T$ galaxy groups, the discrepancy becomes milder. The soft band shows a marginally lower discrepancy than the full band. In the hard band, the cross-calibration of SRG/eROSITA and the other instruments show stronger differences. We could not identify any possible systematic biases that significantly alleviated the tension. Finally, we provide conversion factors between SRG/eROSITA, Chandra/ACIS, and XMM-Newton/EPIC $T$ which will be beneficial for future cluster studies., Comment: 19 pages, 12 figures, submitted to A&A (current version includes minor revisions based on referee's comments)

Published
2024

37. The SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey: First X-ray catalogues and data release of the western Galactic hemisphere

Author

Merloni, A., Lamer, G., Liu, T., Ramos-Ceja, M. E., Brunner, H., Bulbul, E., Dennerl, K., Doroshenko, V., Freyberg, M. J., Friedrich, S., Gatuzz, E., Georgakakis, A., Haberl, F., Igo, Z., Kreykenbohm, I., Liu, A., Maitra, C., Malyali, A., Mayer, M. G. F., Nandra, K., Predehl, P., Robrade, J., Salvato, M., Sanders, J. S., Stewart, I., Tubín-Arenas, D., Weber, P., Wilms, J., Arcodia, R., Artis, E., Aschersleben, J., Avakyan, A., Aydar, C., Bahar, Y. E., Balzer, F., Becker, W., Berger, K., Boller, T., Bornemann, W., Brüggen, M., Brusa, M., Buchner, J., Burwitz, V., Camilloni, F., Clerc, N., Comparat, J., Coutinho, D., Czesla, S., Dannhauer, S. M., Dauner, L., Dauser, T., Dietl, J., Dolag, K., Dwelly, T., Egg, K., Ehl, E., Freund, S., Friedrich, P., Gaida, R., Garrel, C., Ghirardini, V., Gokus, A., Grünwald, G., Grandis, S., Grotova, I., Gruen, D., Gueguen, A., Hämmerich, S., Hamaus, N., Hasinger, G., Haubner, K., Homan, D., Chitham, J. Ider, Joseph, W. M., Joyce, A., König, O., Kaltenbrunner, D. M., Khokhriakova, A., Kink, W., Kirsch, C., Kluge, M., Knies, J., Krippendorf, S., Krumpe, M., Kurpas, J., Li, P., Liu, Z., Locatelli, N., Lorenz, M., Müller, S., Magaudda, E., Mannes, C., McCall, H., Meidinger, N., Michailidis, M., Migkas, K., Muñoz-Giraldo, D., Musiimenta, B., Nguyen-Dang, N. T., Ni, Q., Olechowska, A., Ota, N., Pacaud, F., Pasini, T., Perinati, E., Pires, A. M., Pommranz, C., Ponti, G., Poppenhaeger, K., Pühlhofer, G., Rau, A., Reh, M., Reiprich, T. H., Roster, W., Saeedi, S., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schmitt, J., Schneider, P. C., Schrabback, T., Schuster, N., Schwope, A., Seppi, R., Serim, M. M., Shreeram, S., Sokolova-Lapa, E., Starck, H., Stelzer, B., Stierhof, J., Suleimanov, V., Tenzer, C., Traulsen, I., Trümper, J., Tsuge, K., Urrutia, T., Veronica, A., Waddell, S. G. H., Willer, R., Wolf, J., Yeung, M. C. H., Zainab, A., Zangrandi, F., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Zheng, X., Merloni, A., Lamer, G., Liu, T., Ramos-Ceja, M. E., Brunner, H., Bulbul, E., Dennerl, K., Doroshenko, V., Freyberg, M. J., Friedrich, S., Gatuzz, E., Georgakakis, A., Haberl, F., Igo, Z., Kreykenbohm, I., Liu, A., Maitra, C., Malyali, A., Mayer, M. G. F., Nandra, K., Predehl, P., Robrade, J., Salvato, M., Sanders, J. S., Stewart, I., Tubín-Arenas, D., Weber, P., Wilms, J., Arcodia, R., Artis, E., Aschersleben, J., Avakyan, A., Aydar, C., Bahar, Y. E., Balzer, F., Becker, W., Berger, K., Boller, T., Bornemann, W., Brüggen, M., Brusa, M., Buchner, J., Burwitz, V., Camilloni, F., Clerc, N., Comparat, J., Coutinho, D., Czesla, S., Dannhauer, S. M., Dauner, L., Dauser, T., Dietl, J., Dolag, K., Dwelly, T., Egg, K., Ehl, E., Freund, S., Friedrich, P., Gaida, R., Garrel, C., Ghirardini, V., Gokus, A., Grünwald, G., Grandis, S., Grotova, I., Gruen, D., Gueguen, A., Hämmerich, S., Hamaus, N., Hasinger, G., Haubner, K., Homan, D., Chitham, J. Ider, Joseph, W. M., Joyce, A., König, O., Kaltenbrunner, D. M., Khokhriakova, A., Kink, W., Kirsch, C., Kluge, M., Knies, J., Krippendorf, S., Krumpe, M., Kurpas, J., Li, P., Liu, Z., Locatelli, N., Lorenz, M., Müller, S., Magaudda, E., Mannes, C., McCall, H., Meidinger, N., Michailidis, M., Migkas, K., Muñoz-Giraldo, D., Musiimenta, B., Nguyen-Dang, N. T., Ni, Q., Olechowska, A., Ota, N., Pacaud, F., Pasini, T., Perinati, E., Pires, A. M., Pommranz, C., Ponti, G., Poppenhaeger, K., Pühlhofer, G., Rau, A., Reh, M., Reiprich, T. H., Roster, W., Saeedi, S., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schmitt, J., Schneider, P. C., Schrabback, T., Schuster, N., Schwope, A., Seppi, R., Serim, M. M., Shreeram, S., Sokolova-Lapa, E., Starck, H., Stelzer, B., Stierhof, J., Suleimanov, V., Tenzer, C., Traulsen, I., Trümper, J., Tsuge, K., Urrutia, T., Veronica, A., Waddell, S. G. H., Willer, R., Wolf, J., Yeung, M. C. H., Zainab, A., Zangrandi, F., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., and Zheng, X.

Abstract

The eROSITA telescope array aboard the Spektrum Roentgen Gamma (SRG) satellite began surveying the sky in December 2019, with the aim of producing all-sky X-ray source lists and sky maps of an unprecedented depth. Here we present catalogues of both point-like and extended sources using the data acquired in the first six months of survey operations (eRASS1; completed June 2020) over the half sky whose proprietary data rights lie with the German eROSITA Consortium. We describe the observation process, the data analysis pipelines, and the characteristics of the X-ray sources. With nearly 930000 entries detected in the most sensitive 0.2-2.3 keV energy range, the eRASS1 main catalogue presented here increases the number of known X-ray sources in the published literature by more than 60%, and provides a comprehensive inventory of all classes of X-ray celestial objects, covering a wide range of physical processes. A smaller catalogue of 5466 sources detected in the less sensitive but harder 2.3-5 keV band is the result of the first true imaging survey of the entire sky above 2 keV. We show that the number counts of X-ray sources in eRASS1 are consistent with those derived over narrower fields by past X-ray surveys of a similar depth, and we explore the number counts variation as a function of the location in the sky. Adopting a uniform all-sky flux limit (at 50% completeness) of F_{0.5-2 keV} > 5 \times 10^{-14}$ erg\,s$^{-1}$\,cm$^{-2}$, we estimate that the eROSITA all-sky survey resolves into individual sources about 20% of the cosmic X-ray background in the 1-2 keV range. The catalogues presented here form part of the first data release (DR1) of the SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey. Beyond the X-ray catalogues, DR1 contains all detected and calibrated event files, source products (light curves and spectra), and all-sky maps. Illustrative examples of these are provided., Comment: 39 pages, 23 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Accompanying eROSITA-DE Data Release 1

Published
2024
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38. Lactate and lactate clearance as predictors of one-year survival in extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation – An international, multicentre cohort study

Author

Thevathasan, Tharusan, Gregers, Emilie, Mørk, Sivagowry Rasalingam, Degbeon, Sêhnou, Linde, Louise, Andreasen, Jo Bønding, Smerup, Morten, Møller, Jacob Eifer, Hassager, Christian, Laugesen, Helle, Dreger, Henryk, Brand, Anna, Balzer, Felix, Landmesser, Ulf, Terkelsen, Christian Juhl, Flensted Lassen, Jens, Skurk, Carsten, Søholm, Helle, Thevathasan, Tharusan, Gregers, Emilie, Mørk, Sivagowry Rasalingam, Degbeon, Sêhnou, Linde, Louise, Andreasen, Jo Bønding, Smerup, Morten, Møller, Jacob Eifer, Hassager, Christian, Laugesen, Helle, Dreger, Henryk, Brand, Anna, Balzer, Felix, Landmesser, Ulf, Terkelsen, Christian Juhl, Flensted Lassen, Jens, Skurk, Carsten, and Søholm, Helle

Abstract

Aim Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) can be considered in selected patients with refractory cardiac arrest. Given the risk of patient futility and high resource utilisation, identifying ECPR candidates, who would benefit from this therapy, is crucial. Previous ECPR studies investigating lactate as a potential prognostic marker have been small and inconclusive. In this study, it was hypothesised that the lactate level (immediately prior to initiation of ECPR) and lactate clearance (within 24 hours after ECPR initiation) are predictors of one-year survival in a large, multicentre study cohort of ECPR patients. Methods Adult patients with refractory cardiac arrest at three German and four Danish tertiary cardiac care centres between 2011 and 2021 were included. Pre-ECPR lactate and 24-hour lactate clearance were divided into three equally sized tertiles. Multivariable logistic regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to analyse survival outcomes. Results 297 adult patients with refractory cardiac arrest were included in this study, of which 65 (22%) survived within one year. The pre-ECPR lactate level and 24-hour lactate clearance were level-dependently associated with one-year survival: OR 5.40 [95% CI 2.30–13.60] for lowest versus highest pre-ECPR lactate level and OR 0.25 [95% CI 0.09–0.68] for lowest versus highest 24-hour lactate clearance. Results were confirmed in Kaplan-Meier analyses (each p log rank < 0.001) and subgroup analyses. Conclusion Pre-ECPR lactate levels and 24 hour-lactate clearance after ECPR initiation in patients with refractory cardiac arrest were level-dependently associated with one-year survival. Lactate is an easily accessible and quickly available point-of-care measurement which might be considered as an early prognostic marker when considering initiation or continuation of ECPR treatment., Aim: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) can be considered in selected patients with refractory cardiac arrest. Given the risk of patient futility and high resource utilisation, identifying ECPR candidates, who would benefit from this therapy, is crucial. Previous ECPR studies investigating lactate as a potential prognostic marker have been small and inconclusive. In this study, it was hypothesised that the lactate level (immediately prior to initiation of ECPR) and lactate clearance (within 24 hours after ECPR initiation) are predictors of one-year survival in a large, multicentre study cohort of ECPR patients. Methods: Adult patients with refractory cardiac arrest at three German and four Danish tertiary cardiac care centres between 2011 and 2021 were included. Pre-ECPR lactate and 24-hour lactate clearance were divided into three equally sized tertiles. Multivariable logistic regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to analyse survival outcomes. Results: 297 adult patients with refractory cardiac arrest were included in this study, of which 65 (22%) survived within one year. The pre-ECPR lactate level and 24-hour lactate clearance were level-dependently associated with one-year survival: OR 5.40 [95% CI 2.30–13.60] for lowest versus highest pre-ECPR lactate level and OR 0.25 [95% CI 0.09–0.68] for lowest versus highest 24-hour lactate clearance. Results were confirmed in Kaplan-Meier analyses (each p log rank < 0.001) and subgroup analyses. Conclusion: Pre-ECPR lactate levels and 24 hour-lactate clearance after ECPR initiation in patients with refractory cardiac arrest were level-dependently associated with one-year survival. Lactate is an easily accessible and quickly available point-of-care measurement which might be considered as an early prognostic marker when considering initiation or continuation of ECPR treatment.

Published
2024

39. Two-Stage TMLE to reduce bias and improve efficiency in cluster randomized trials.

Author

Balzer, Laura B, Balzer, Laura B, van der Laan, Mark, Ayieko, James, Kamya, Moses, Chamie, Gabriel, Schwab, Joshua, Havlir, Diane V, Petersen, Maya L, Balzer, Laura B, Balzer, Laura B, van der Laan, Mark, Ayieko, James, Kamya, Moses, Chamie, Gabriel, Schwab, Joshua, Havlir, Diane V, and Petersen, Maya L

Abstract

Cluster randomized trials (CRTs) randomly assign an intervention to groups of individuals (e.g., clinics or communities) and measure outcomes on individuals in those groups. While offering many advantages, this experimental design introduces challenges that are only partially addressed by existing analytic approaches. First, outcomes are often missing for some individuals within clusters. Failing to appropriately adjust for differential outcome measurement can result in biased estimates and inference. Second, CRTs often randomize limited numbers of clusters, resulting in chance imbalances on baseline outcome predictors between arms. Failing to adaptively adjust for these imbalances and other predictive covariates can result in efficiency losses. To address these methodological gaps, we propose and evaluate a novel two-stage targeted minimum loss-based estimator to adjust for baseline covariates in a manner that optimizes precision, after controlling for baseline and postbaseline causes of missing outcomes. Finite sample simulations illustrate that our approach can nearly eliminate bias due to differential outcome measurement, while existing CRT estimators yield misleading results and inferences. Application to real data from the SEARCH community randomized trial demonstrates the gains in efficiency afforded through adaptive adjustment for baseline covariates, after controlling for missingness on individual-level outcomes.

Published
2023

40. Test beam performance of a CBC3-based mini-module for the Phase-2 CMS Outer Tracker before and after neutron irradiation

Author

Adam, W, Bergauer, T, Damanakis, K, Dragicevic, M, Fruhwirth, R, Steininger, H, Beaumont, W, Darwish, M, Janssen, T, Kello, T, Rejeb Sfar, H, Van Mechelen, P, Breugelmans, N, Delcourt, M, De Moor, A, D'Hondt, J, Heyen, F, Lowette, S, Makarenko, I, Muller, D, Sahasransu, A, Vannerom, D, Van Putte, S, Allard, Y, Clerbaux, B, Dansana, S, De Lentdecker, G, Evard, H, Favart, L, Hohov, D, Khalilzadeh, A, Lee, K, Mahdavikhorrami, M, Malara, A, Paredes, S, Postiau, N, Robert, F, Thomas, L, Vanden Bemden, M, Vanlaer, P, Yang, Y, Benecke, A, Bruno, G, Bury, F, Caputo, C, De Favereau, J, Delaere, C, Donertas, I, Giammanco, A, Jaffel, K, Jain, S, Lemaitre, V, Mondal, K, Szilasi, N, Tran, T, Wertz, S, Calligaris, L, Brigljevic, V, Chitroda, B, Ferencek, D, Mishra, S, Starodumov, A, Susa, T, Brucken, E, Lampen, T, Martikainen, L, Tuominen, E, Karadzhinova-Ferrer, A, Luukka, P, Petrow, H, Tuuva, T, Agram, J, Andrea, J, Apparu, D, Bloch, D, Bonnin, C, Brom, J, Chabert, E, Charles, L, Collard, C, Dangelser, E, Falke, S, Goerlach, U, Gross, L, Haas, C, Krauth, M, Ollivier-Henry, N, Baulieu, G, Bonnevaux, A, Boudoul, G, Caponetto, L, Chanon, N, Contardo, D, Dupasquier, T, Galbit, G, Marchisone, M, Mirabito, L, Nodari, B, Schibler, E, Schirra, F, Vander Donckt, M, Viret, S, Botta, V, Ebisch, C, Feld, L, Karpinski, W, Klein, K, Lipinski, M, Louis, D, Meuser, D, Ozen, I, Pauls, A, Pierschel, G, Rowert, N, Teroerde, M, Wlochal, M, Dziwok, C, Fluegge, G, Pooth, O, Stahl, A, Ziemons, T, Agah, A, Bhattacharya, S, Blekman, F, Campbell, A, Cardini, A, Cheng, C, Consuegra Rodriguez, S, Eckerlin, G, Eckstein, D, Gallo, E, Guthoff, M, Kleinwort, C, Mankel, R, Maser, H, Muhl, C, Mussgiller, A, Nurnberg, A, Otarid, Y, Perez Adan, D, Petersen, H, Rastorguev, D, Reichelt, O, Schutze, P, Sreelatha Pramod, L, Stever, R, Velyka, A, Ventura Barroso, A, Walsh, R, Zuber, A, Albrecht, A, Antonello, M, Biskop, H, Buhmann, P, Connor, P, Garutti, E, Hajheidari, M, Haller, J, Hinzmann, A, Jabusch, H, Kasieczka, G, Klanner, R, Kutzner, V, Lange, J, Martens, S, Mrowietz, M, Nissan, Y, Pena, K, Raciti, B, Schleper, P, Schwandt, J, Steinbruck, G, Tews, A, Wellhausen, J, Ardila, L, Balzer, M, Barvich, T, Berger, B, Butz, E, Caselle, M, Dierlamm, A, Elicabuk, U, Fuchs, M, Hartmann, F, Husemann, U, Kosker, G, Koppenhofer, R, Maier, S, Mallows, S, Mehner, T, Muller, T, Neufeld, M, Sander, O, Shvetsov, I, Simonis, H, Steck, P, Stockmeier, L, Topko, B, Wittig, F, Anagnostou, G, Assiouras, P, Daskalakis, G, Kazas, I, Kyriakis, A, Loukas, D, Balazs, T, Bartok, M, Marton, K, Sikler, F, Veszpremi, V, Bahinipati, S, Das, A, Mal, P, Nayak, A, Pattanaik, D, Saha, P, Swain, S, Bhardwaj, A, Jain, C, Kumar, A, Kumar, T, Ranjan, K, Saumya, S, Baradia, S, Dutta, S, Palit, P, Saha, G, Sarkar, S, Alibordi, M, Behera, P, Behera, S, Chatterjee, S, Dash, G, Jana, P, Kalbhor, P, Libby, J, Mohammad, M, Pradhan, R, Pujahari, P, Saha, N, Samadhan, K, Sharma, A, Sikdar, A, Singh, R, Verma, S, Vijay, A, Cariola, P, Creanza, D, De Palma, M, De Robertis, G, Di Florio, A, Fiore, L, Loddo, F, Margjeka, I, Mongelli, M, My, S, Silvestris, L, Albergo, S, Costa, S, Di Mattia, A, Potenza, R, Tricomi, A, Tuve, C, Barbagli, G, Bardelli, G, Brianzi, M, Camaiani, B, Cassese, A, Ceccarelli, R, Ciaranfi, R, Ciulli, V, Civinini, C, D'Alessandro, R, Focardi, E, Latino, G, Lenzi, P, Lizzo, M, Meschini, M, Paoletti, S, Papanastassiou, A, Sguazzoni, G, Viliani, L, Cerchi, S, Ferro, F, Robutti, E, Brivio, F, Dinardo, M, Dini, P, Gennai, S, Guzzi, L, Malvezzi, S, Menasce, D, Moroni, L, Pedrini, D, Zuolo, D, Azzi, P, Bacchetta, N, Bortignon, P, Bisello, D, Dorigo, T, Lusiani, E, Tosi, M, Gaioni, L, Manghisoni, M, Ratti, L, Re, V, Riceputi, E, Traversi, G, Asenov, P, Baldinelli, G, Bianchi, F, Bilei, G, Bizzaglia, S, Caprai, M, Checcucci, B, Ciangottini, D, Di Chiaro, A, Fano, L, Farnesini, L, Ionica, M, Magherini, M, Mantovani, G, Mariani, V, Menichelli, M, Morozzi, A, Moscatelli, F, Passeri, D, Piccinelli, A, Placidi, P, Rossi, A, Santocchia, A, Spiga, D, Storchi, L, Tedeschi, T, Turrioni, C, Azzurri, P, Bagliesi, G, Basti, A, Battacharya, R, Beccherle, R, Benvenuti, D, Bianchini, L, Boccali, T, Bosi, F, Bruschini, D, Castaldi, R, Ciocci, M, D'Amante, V, Dell'Orso, R, Donato, S, Giassi, A, Ligabue, F, Magazzu, G, Massa, M, Mazzoni, E, Messineo, A, Moggi, A, Musich, M, Palla, F, Parolia, S, Prosperi, P, Raffaelli, F, Ramirez Sanchez, G, Rizzi, A, Roy Chowdhury, S, Sarkar, T, Spagnolo, P, Tenchini, R, Tonelli, G, Venturi, A, Verdini, P, Bartosik, N, Bellan, R, Coli, S, Costa, M, Covarelli, R, Dellacasa, G, Demaria, N, Garbolino, S, Garrafa Botta, S, Grippo, M, Luongo, F, Mecca, A, Migliore, E, Ortona, G, Pacher, L, Rotondo, F, Tarricone, C, Vagnerini, A, Ahmad, A, Asghar, M, Awais, A, Awan, M, Saleh, M, Calderon, A, Duarte Campderros, J, Fernandez, M, Gomez, G, Gonzalez Sanchez, F, Jaramillo Echeverria, R, Lasaosa, C, Moya, D, Piedra, J, Ruiz Jimeno, A, Scodellaro, L, Vila, I, Virto, A, Vizan Garcia, J, Abbaneo, D, Abbas, M, Ahmed, I, Albert, E, Allongue, B, Almeida, J, Barinoff, M, Batista Lopes, J, Bergamin, G, Blanchot, G, Boyer, F, Caratelli, A, Carnesecchi, R, Ceresa, D, Christiansen, J, Daguin, J, Diamantis, A, Dudek, M, Faccio, F, Frank, N, French, T, Golyzniak, D, Kaplon, J, Kloukinas, K, Koss, N, Kottelat, L, Kovacs, M, Lalic, J, La Rosa, A, Lenoir, P, Loos, R, Marchioro, A, Mastronikolis, A, Mateos Dominguez, I, Mersi, S, Michelis, S, Nedergaard, C, Onnela, A, Orfanelli, S, Pakulski, T, Papadopoulos, A, Perea Albela, F, Perez, A, Perez Gomez, F, Pernot, J, Petagna, P, Piazza, Q, Robin, G, Scarfi, S, Schleidweiler, K, Siegrist, N, Sinani, M, Szidlik, P, Tropea, P, Troska, J, Tsirou, A, Vasey, F, Vrancianu, R, Wlodarczyk, S, Zografos, A, Bertl, W, Bevilacqua, T, Caminada, L, Ebrahimi, A, Erdmann, W, Horisberger, R, Kaestli, H, Kotlinski, D, Lange, C, Langenegger, U, Meier, B, Missiroli, M, Noehte, L, Rohe, T, Streuli, S, Androsov, K, Backhaus, M, Becker, R, Bonomelli, G, Di Calafiori, D, Calandri, A, De Cosa, A, Donega, M, Eble, F, Glessgen, F, Grab, C, Harte, T, Hits, D, Lustermann, W, Niedziela, J, Perovic, V, Reichmann, M, Ristic, B, Roeser, U, Ruini, D, Seidita, R, Sorensen, J, Wallny, R, Bartschi, P, Bosiger, K, Canelli, F, Cormier, K, De Wit, A, Huwiler, M, Jin, W, Jofrehei, A, Kilminster, B, Leontsinis, S, Liechti, S, Macchiolo, A, Maier, R, Molinatti, U, Neutelings, I, Reimers, A, Robmann, P, Sanchez Cruz, S, Takahashi, Y, Wolf, D, Chen, P, Hou, W, Lu, R, Clement, E, Cussans, D, Goldstein, J, Seif El Nasr-Storey, S, Stylianou, N, Walkingshaw Pass, K, Harder, K, Holmberg, M, Manolopoulos, K, Schuh, T, Tomalin, I, Bainbridge, R, Borg, J, Brown, C, Fedi, G, Hall, G, Monk, D, Parker, D, Pesaresi, M, Uchida, K, Coldham, K, Cole, J, Ghorbani, M, Khan, A, Kyberd, P, Reid, I, Bartek, R, Dominguez, A, Huerta Escamilla, C, Uniyal, R, Vargas Hernandez, A, Benelli, G, Coubez, X, Heintz, U, Hinton, N, Hogan, J, Honma, A, Korotkov, A, Li, D, Luo, J, Narain, M, Pervan, N, Russell, T, Sagir, S, Simpson, F, Spencer, E, Tiley, C, Wagenknecht, P, Cannaert, E, Chertok, M, Conway, J, Haza, G, Hemer, D, Jensen, F, Thomson, J, Wei, W, Welton, T, Yohay, R, Zhang, F, Hanson, G, Cooperstein, S, Gerosa, R, Giannini, L, Gu, Y, Krutelyov, S, Sathia, B, Sharma, V, Tadel, M, Vourliotis, E, Yagil, A, Incandela, J, Kyre, S, Masterson, P, Cumalat, J, Ford, W, Hassani, A, Karathanasis, G, Marini, F, Savard, C, Schonbeck, N, Stenson, K, Ulmer, K, Wagner, S, Zipper, N, Alexander, J, Bright-Thonney, S, Chen, X, Cranshaw, D, Duquette, A, Fan, J, Fan, X, Filenius, A, Gadkari, D, Grassi, J, Hogan, S, Kotamnives, P, Lantz, S, Monroy, J, Niendorf, G, Postema, H, Reichert, J, Reid, M, Riley, D, Ryd, A, Smolenski, K, Strohman, C, Thom, J, Wittich, P, Zou, R, Bakshi, A, Berry, D, Burkett, K, Butler, D, Canepa, A, Derylo, G, Dickinson, J, Ghosh, A, Gonzalez, H, Grunendahl, S, Horyn, L, Johnson, M, Klabbers, P, Lei, C, Lipton, R, Los, S, Merkel, P, Nahn, S, Ravera, F, Ristori, L, Rivera, R, Spiegel, L, Uplegger, L, Voirin, E, Zoi, I, Dittmer, S, Escobar Franco, R, Evdokimov, A, Evdokimov, O, Gerber, C, Hackworth, M, Hofman, D, Mills, C, Ozek, B, Roy, T, Rudrabhatla, S, Yoo, J, Alhusseini, M, Bruner, T, Haag, M, Herrmann, M, Nachtman, J, Onel, Y, Snyder, C, Yi, K, Davis, J, Gritsan, A, Kang, L, Kyriacou, S, Maksimovic, P, Sekhar, S, Swartz, M, Vami, T, Anguiano, J, Bean, A, Grove, D, Salvatico, R, Smith, C, Wilson, G, Ivanov, A, Kalogeropoulos, A, Reddy, G, Taylor, R, Bloom, K, Claes, D, Fangmeier, C, Golf, F, Joo, C, Kravchenko, I, Siado, J, Iashvili, I, Kharchilava, A, Nguyen, D, Pekkanen, J, Rappoccio, S, Akpinar, A, Demiragli, Z, Gastler, D, Gkountoumis, P, Hazen, E, Peck, A, Rohlf, J, Li, J, Parker, A, Skinnari, L, Hahn, K, Liu, Y, Noorudhin, S, Basnet, A, Hill, C, Joyce, M, Wei, K, Winer, B, Yates, B, Malik, S, Chawla, R, Das, S, Jones, M, Jung, A, Koshy, A, Liu, M, Negro, G, Schulte, J, Thieman, J, Dolen, J, Parashar, N, Pathak, A, Ecklund, K, Freed, S, Nussbaum, T, Demina, R, Dulemba, J, Hindrichs, O, Gershtein, Y, Halkiadakis, E, Hart, A, Kurup, C, Lath, A, Nash, K, Osherson, M, Schnetzer, S, Stone, R, Ally, D, Fiorendi, S, Harris, J, Holmes, T, Lee, L, Nibigira, E, Spanier, S, Eusebi, R, D'Angelo, P, Johns, W, Harr, R, Poudyal, N, Adam W., Bergauer T., Damanakis K., Dragicevic M., Fruhwirth R., Steininger H., Beaumont W., Darwish M. 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Tsirou, A, Vasey, F, Vrancianu, R, Wlodarczyk, S, Zografos, A, Bertl, W, Bevilacqua, T, Caminada, L, Ebrahimi, A, Erdmann, W, Horisberger, R, Kaestli, H, Kotlinski, D, Lange, C, Langenegger, U, Meier, B, Missiroli, M, Noehte, L, Rohe, T, Streuli, S, Androsov, K, Backhaus, M, Becker, R, Bonomelli, G, Di Calafiori, D, Calandri, A, De Cosa, A, Donega, M, Eble, F, Glessgen, F, Grab, C, Harte, T, Hits, D, Lustermann, W, Niedziela, J, Perovic, V, Reichmann, M, Ristic, B, Roeser, U, Ruini, D, Seidita, R, Sorensen, J, Wallny, R, Bartschi, P, Bosiger, K, Canelli, F, Cormier, K, De Wit, A, Huwiler, M, Jin, W, Jofrehei, A, Kilminster, B, Leontsinis, S, Liechti, S, Macchiolo, A, Maier, R, Molinatti, U, Neutelings, I, Reimers, A, Robmann, P, Sanchez Cruz, S, Takahashi, Y, Wolf, D, Chen, P, Hou, W, Lu, R, Clement, E, Cussans, D, Goldstein, J, Seif El Nasr-Storey, S, Stylianou, N, Walkingshaw Pass, K, Harder, K, Holmberg, M, Manolopoulos, K, Schuh, T, Tomalin, I, Bainbridge, R, Borg, J, Brown, C, Fedi, G, Hall, G, Monk, D, Parker, D, Pesaresi, M, Uchida, K, Coldham, K, Cole, J, Ghorbani, M, Khan, A, Kyberd, P, Reid, I, Bartek, R, Dominguez, A, Huerta Escamilla, C, Uniyal, R, Vargas Hernandez, A, Benelli, G, Coubez, X, Heintz, U, Hinton, N, Hogan, J, Honma, A, Korotkov, A, Li, D, Luo, J, Narain, M, Pervan, N, Russell, T, Sagir, S, Simpson, F, Spencer, E, Tiley, C, Wagenknecht, P, Cannaert, E, Chertok, M, Conway, J, Haza, G, Hemer, D, Jensen, F, Thomson, J, Wei, W, Welton, T, Yohay, R, Zhang, F, Hanson, G, Cooperstein, S, Gerosa, R, Giannini, L, Gu, Y, Krutelyov, S, Sathia, B, Sharma, V, Tadel, M, Vourliotis, E, Yagil, A, Incandela, J, Kyre, S, Masterson, P, Cumalat, J, Ford, W, Hassani, A, Karathanasis, G, Marini, F, Savard, C, Schonbeck, N, Stenson, K, Ulmer, K, Wagner, S, Zipper, N, Alexander, J, Bright-Thonney, S, Chen, X, Cranshaw, D, Duquette, A, Fan, J, Fan, X, Filenius, A, Gadkari, D, Grassi, J, Hogan, S, Kotamnives, P, Lantz, S, Monroy, J, Niendorf, G, Postema, H, Reichert, J, Reid, M, Riley, D, Ryd, A, Smolenski, K, Strohman, C, Thom, J, Wittich, P, Zou, R, Bakshi, A, Berry, D, Burkett, K, Butler, D, Canepa, A, Derylo, G, Dickinson, J, Ghosh, A, Gonzalez, H, Grunendahl, S, Horyn, L, Johnson, M, Klabbers, P, Lei, C, Lipton, R, Los, S, Merkel, P, Nahn, S, Ravera, F, Ristori, L, Rivera, R, Spiegel, L, Uplegger, L, Voirin, E, Zoi, I, Dittmer, S, Escobar Franco, R, Evdokimov, A, Evdokimov, O, Gerber, C, Hackworth, M, Hofman, D, Mills, C, Ozek, B, Roy, T, Rudrabhatla, S, Yoo, J, Alhusseini, M, Bruner, T, Haag, M, Herrmann, M, Nachtman, J, Onel, Y, Snyder, C, Yi, K, Davis, J, Gritsan, A, Kang, L, Kyriacou, S, Maksimovic, P, Sekhar, S, Swartz, M, Vami, T, Anguiano, J, Bean, A, Grove, D, Salvatico, R, Smith, C, Wilson, G, Ivanov, A, Kalogeropoulos, A, Reddy, G, Taylor, R, Bloom, K, Claes, D, Fangmeier, C, Golf, F, Joo, C, Kravchenko, I, Siado, J, Iashvili, I, Kharchilava, A, Nguyen, D, Pekkanen, J, Rappoccio, S, Akpinar, A, Demiragli, Z, Gastler, D, Gkountoumis, P, Hazen, E, Peck, A, Rohlf, J, Li, J, Parker, A, Skinnari, L, Hahn, K, Liu, Y, Noorudhin, S, Basnet, A, Hill, C, Joyce, M, Wei, K, Winer, B, Yates, B, Malik, S, Chawla, R, Das, S, Jones, M, Jung, A, Koshy, A, Liu, M, Negro, G, Schulte, J, Thieman, J, Dolen, J, Parashar, N, Pathak, A, Ecklund, K, Freed, S, Nussbaum, T, Demina, R, Dulemba, J, Hindrichs, O, Gershtein, Y, Halkiadakis, E, Hart, A, Kurup, C, Lath, A, Nash, K, Osherson, M, Schnetzer, S, Stone, R, Ally, D, Fiorendi, S, Harris, J, Holmes, T, Lee, L, Nibigira, E, Spanier, S, Eusebi, R, D'Angelo, P, Johns, W, Harr, R, Poudyal, N, Adam W., Bergauer T., Damanakis K., Dragicevic M., Fruhwirth R., Steininger H., Beaumont W., Darwish M. R., Janssen T., Kello T., Rejeb Sfar H., Van Mechelen P., Breugelmans N., Delcourt M., De Moor A., D'Hondt J., Heyen F., Lowette S., Makarenko I., Muller D., Sahasransu A. R., Vannerom D., Van Putte S., Allard Y., Clerbaux B., Dansana S., De Lentdecker G., Evard H., Favart L., Hohov D., Khalilzadeh A., Lee K., Mahdavikhorrami M., Malara A., Paredes S., Postiau N., Robert F., Thomas L., Vanden Bemden M., Vanlaer P., Yang Y., Benecke A., Bruno G., Bury F., Caputo C., De Favereau J., Delaere C., Donertas I. S., Giammanco A., Jaffel K., Jain S., Lemaitre V., Mondal K., Szilasi N., Tran T. T., Wertz S., Calligaris L., Brigljevic V., Chitroda B., Ferencek D., Mishra S., Starodumov A., Susa T., Brucken E., Lampen T., Martikainen L., Tuominen E., Karadzhinova-Ferrer A., Luukka P., Petrow H., Tuuva T., Agram J. -L., Andrea J., Apparu D., Bloch D., Bonnin C., Brom J. -M., Chabert E., Charles L., Collard C., Dangelser E., Falke S., Goerlach U., Gross L., Haas C., Krauth M., Ollivier-Henry N., Baulieu G., Bonnevaux A., Boudoul G., Caponetto L., Chanon N., Contardo D., Dupasquier T., Galbit G., Marchisone M., Mirabito L., Nodari B., Schibler E., Schirra F., Vander Donckt M., Viret S., Botta V., Ebisch C., Feld L., Karpinski W., Klein K., Lipinski M., Louis D., Meuser D., Ozen I., Pauls A., Pierschel G., Rowert N., Teroerde M., Wlochal M., Dziwok C., Fluegge G., Pooth O., Stahl A., Ziemons T., Agah A., Bhattacharya S., Blekman F., Campbell A., Cardini A., Cheng C., Consuegra Rodriguez S., Eckerlin G., Eckstein D., Gallo E., Guthoff M., Kleinwort C., Mankel R., Maser H., Muhl C., Mussgiller A., Nurnberg A., Otarid Y., Perez Adan D., Petersen H., Rastorguev D., Reichelt O., Schutze P., Sreelatha Pramod L., Stever R., Velyka A., Ventura Barroso A., Walsh R., Zuber A., Albrecht A., Antonello M., Biskop H., Buhmann P., Connor P., Garutti E., Hajheidari M., Haller J., Hinzmann A., Jabusch H., Kasieczka G., Klanner R., Kutzner V., Lange J., Martens S., Mrowietz M., Nissan Y., Pena K., Raciti B., Schleper P., Schwandt J., Steinbruck G., Tews A., Wellhausen J., Ardila L., Balzer M., Barvich T., Berger B., Butz E., Caselle M., Dierlamm A., Elicabuk U., Fuchs M., Hartmann F., Husemann U., Kosker G., Koppenhofer R., Maier S., Mallows S., Mehner T., Muller T., Neufeld M., Sander O., Shvetsov I., Simonis H. J., Steck P., Stockmeier L., Topko B., Wittig F., Anagnostou G., Assiouras P., Daskalakis G., Kazas I., Kyriakis A., Loukas D., Balazs T., Bartok M., Marton K., Sikler F., Veszpremi V., Bahinipati S., Das A. K., Mal P., Nayak A., Pattanaik D. K., Saha P., Swain S. K., Bhardwaj A., Jain C., Kumar A., Kumar T., Ranjan K., Saumya S., Baradia S., Dutta S., Palit P., Saha G., Sarkar S., Alibordi M., Behera P. K., Behera S. C., Chatterjee S., Dash G., Jana P., Kalbhor P., Libby J., Mohammad M., Pradhan R., Pujahari P. R., Saha N. R., Samadhan K., Sharma A., Sikdar A. K., Singh R., Verma S., Vijay A., Cariola P., Creanza D., De Palma M., De Robertis G., Di Florio A., Fiore L., Loddo F., Margjeka I., Mongelli M., My S., Silvestris L., Albergo S., Costa S., Di Mattia A., Potenza R., Tricomi A., Tuve C., Barbagli G., Bardelli G., Brianzi M., Camaiani B., Cassese A., Ceccarelli R., Ciaranfi R., Ciulli V., Civinini C., D'Alessandro R., Focardi E., Latino G., Lenzi P., Lizzo M., Meschini M., Paoletti S., Papanastassiou A., Sguazzoni G., Viliani L., Cerchi S., Ferro F., Robutti E., Brivio F., Dinardo M. E., Dini P., Gennai S., Guzzi L., Malvezzi S., Menasce D., Moroni L., Pedrini D., Zuolo D., Azzi P., Bacchetta N., Bortignon P., Bisello D., Dorigo T., Lusiani E., Tosi M., Gaioni L., Manghisoni M., Ratti L., Re V., Riceputi E., Traversi G., Asenov P., Baldinelli G., Bianchi F., Bilei G. M., Bizzaglia S., Caprai M., Checcucci B., Ciangottini D., Di Chiaro A., Fano L., Farnesini L., Ionica M., Magherini M., Mantovani G., Mariani V., Menichelli M., Morozzi A., Moscatelli F., Passeri D., Piccinelli A., Placidi P., Rossi A., Santocchia A., Spiga D., Storchi L., Tedeschi T., Turrioni C., Azzurri P., Bagliesi G., Basti A., Battacharya R., Beccherle R., Benvenuti D., Bianchini L., Boccali T., Bosi F., Bruschini D., Castaldi R., Ciocci M. A., D'Amante V., Dell'Orso R., Donato S., Giassi A., Ligabue F., Magazzu G., Massa M., Mazzoni E., Messineo A., Moggi A., Musich M., Palla F., Parolia S., Prosperi P., Raffaelli F., Ramirez Sanchez G., Rizzi A., Roy Chowdhury S., Sarkar T., Spagnolo P., Tenchini R., Tonelli G., Venturi A., Verdini P. G., Bartosik N., Bellan R., Coli S., Costa M., Covarelli R., Dellacasa G., Demaria N., Garbolino S., Garrafa Botta S., Grippo M., Luongo F., Mecca A., Migliore E., Ortona G., Pacher L., Rotondo F., Tarricone C., Vagnerini A., Ahmad A., Asghar M. I., Awais A., Awan M. I. M., Saleh M., Calderon A., Duarte Campderros J., Fernandez M., Gomez G., Gonzalez Sanchez F. J., Jaramillo Echeverria R., Lasaosa C., Moya D., Piedra J., Ruiz Jimeno A., Scodellaro L., Vila I., Virto A. L., Vizan Garcia J. M., Abbaneo D., Abbas M., Ahmed I., Albert E., Allongue B., Almeida J., Barinoff M., Batista Lopes J., Bergamin G., Blanchot G., Boyer F., Caratelli A., Carnesecchi R., Ceresa D., Christiansen J., Daguin J., Diamantis A., Dudek M., Faccio F., Frank N., French T., Golyzniak D., Kaplon J., Kloukinas K., Koss N., Kottelat L., Kovacs M., Lalic J., La Rosa A., Lenoir P., Loos R., Marchioro A., Mastronikolis A., Mateos Dominguez I., Mersi S., Michelis S., Nedergaard C., Onnela A., Orfanelli S., Pakulski T., Papadopoulos A., Perea Albela F., Perez A., Perez Gomez F., Pernot J. -F., Petagna P., Piazza Q., Robin G., Scarfi S., Schleidweiler K., Siegrist N., Sinani M., Szidlik P., Tropea P., Troska J., Tsirou A., Vasey F., Vrancianu R., Wlodarczyk S., Zografos A., Bertl W., Bevilacqua T., Caminada L., Ebrahimi A., Erdmann W., Horisberger R., Kaestli H. -C., Kotlinski D., Lange C., Langenegger U., Meier B., Missiroli M., Noehte L., Rohe T., Streuli S., Androsov K., Backhaus M., Becker R., Bonomelli G., Di Calafiori D., Calandri A., De Cosa A., Donega M., Eble F., Glessgen F., Grab C., Harte T., Hits D., Lustermann W., Niedziela J., Perovic V., Reichmann M., Ristic B., Roeser U., Ruini D., Seidita R., Sorensen J., Wallny R., Bartschi P., Bosiger K., Canelli F., Cormier K., De Wit A., Huwiler M., Jin W., Jofrehei A., Kilminster B., Leontsinis S., Liechti S. P., Macchiolo A., Maier R., Molinatti U., Neutelings I., Reimers A., Robmann P., Sanchez Cruz S., Takahashi Y., Wolf D., Chen P. -H., Hou W. -S., Lu R. -S., Clement E., Cussans D., Goldstein J., Seif El Nasr-Storey S., Stylianou N., Walkingshaw Pass K., Harder K., Holmberg M. -L., Manolopoulos K., Schuh T., Tomalin I. R., Bainbridge R., Borg J., Brown C., Fedi G., Hall G., Monk D., Parker D., Pesaresi M., Uchida K., Coldham K., Cole J., Ghorbani M., Khan A., Kyberd P., Reid I. D., Bartek R., Dominguez A., Huerta Escamilla C., Uniyal R., Vargas Hernandez A. M., Benelli G., Coubez X., Heintz U., Hinton N., Hogan J., Honma A., Korotkov A., Li D., Luo J., Narain M., Pervan N., Russell T., Sagir S., Simpson F., Spencer E., Tiley C., Wagenknecht P., Cannaert E., Chertok M., Conway J., Haza G., Hemer D., Jensen F., Thomson J., Wei W., Welton T., Yohay R., Zhang F., Hanson G., Cooperstein S. B., Gerosa R., Giannini L., Gu Y., Krutelyov S., Sathia B. N., Sharma V., Tadel M., Vourliotis E., Yagil A., Incandela J., Kyre S., Masterson P., Cumalat J. P., Ford W. T., Hassani A., Karathanasis G., Marini F., Savard C., Schonbeck N., Stenson K., Ulmer K. A., Wagner S. R., Zipper N., Alexander J., Bright-Thonney S., Chen X., Cranshaw D., Duquette A., Fan J., Fan X., Filenius A., Gadkari D., Grassi J., Hogan S., Kotamnives P., Lantz S., Monroy J., Niendorf G., Postema H., Reichert J., Reid M., Riley D., Ryd A., Smolenski K., Strohman C., Thom J., Wittich P., Zou R., Bakshi A., Berry D. R., Burkett K., Butler D., Canepa A., Derylo G., Dickinson J., Ghosh A., Gonzalez H., Grunendahl S., Horyn L., Johnson M., Klabbers P., Lei C. M., Lipton R., Los S., Merkel P., Nahn S., Ravera F., Ristori L., Rivera R., Spiegel L., Uplegger L., Voirin E., Zoi I., Dittmer S., Escobar Franco R., Evdokimov A., Evdokimov O., Gerber C. E., Hackworth M., Hofman D. J., Mills C., Ozek B., Roy T., Rudrabhatla S., Yoo J., Alhusseini M., Bruner T., Haag M., Herrmann M., Nachtman J., Onel Y., Snyder C., Yi K., Davis J., Gritsan A., Kang L., Kyriacou S., Maksimovic P., Sekhar S., Swartz M., Vami T., Anguiano J., Bean A., Grove D., Salvatico R., Smith C., Wilson G., Ivanov A., Kalogeropoulos A., Reddy G., Taylor R., Bloom K., Claes D. R., Fangmeier C., Golf F., Joo C., Kravchenko I., Siado J., Iashvili I., Kharchilava A., Nguyen D., Pekkanen J., Rappoccio S., Akpinar A., Demiragli Z., Gastler D., Gkountoumis P., Hazen E., Peck A., Rohlf J., Li J., Parker A., Skinnari L., Hahn K., Liu Y., Noorudhin S., Basnet A., Hill C. S., Joyce M., Wei K., Winer B., Yates B., Malik S., Chawla R., Das S., Jones M., Jung A., Koshy A., Liu M., Negro G., Schulte J. F., Thieman J., Dolen J., Parashar N., Pathak A., Ecklund K. M., Freed S., Nussbaum T., Demina R., Dulemba J., Hindrichs O., Gershtein Y., Halkiadakis E., Hart A., Kurup C., Lath A., Nash K., Osherson M., Schnetzer S., Stone R., Ally D., Fiorendi S., Harris J., Holmes T., Lee L., Nibigira E., Spanier S., Eusebi R., D'Angelo P., Johns W., Harr R., and Poudyal N.

Abstract

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will undergo major upgrades to increase the instantaneous luminosity up to 5-7.5×1034 cm-2s-1. This High Luminosity upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC) will deliver a total of 3000-4000 fb-1 of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13-14 TeV. To cope with these challenging environmental conditions, the strip tracker of the CMS experiment will be upgraded using modules with two closely-spaced silicon sensors to provide information to include tracking in the Level-1 trigger selection. This paper describes the performance, in a test beam experiment, of the first prototype module based on the final version of the CMS Binary Chip front-end ASIC before and after the module was irradiated with neutrons. Results demonstrate that the prototype module satisfies the requirements, providing efficient tracking information, after being irradiated with a total fluence comparable to the one expected through the lifetime of the experiment.

Published
2023

41. Polyelectrolytes Near Solid Surfaces

Author

Balzer, Christopher James, Balzer, Christopher James, Balzer, Christopher James, and Balzer, Christopher James

Abstract

Polyelectrolytes are ubiquitous in nature and in the products we use daily. The combination of their connectivity and charge lead to many useful properties in solution and near surfaces. Electrostatic forces dominate much of the behavior of charged species near solid surfaces; however, nonelectrostatic forces arising ion specific interactions or from varying polymer chemistry play an important role in tuning electrolyte and polyelectrolyte properties. The balance of these forces depends on factors like the salt concentration, solution pH, and properties of the surface. The current work outlines the thermodynamics of charged systems and investigates the structure and phase behavior of polyelectrolytes near solid surfaces. In particular, the work covers the thermodynamic aspects of preferential adsorption of small ions in electric double layers, polyelectrolyte adsorption, polymer-mediated interactions of surfaces using strong and weak electrolytes, surface phase transitions and contact angles of complex coacervates on solid surfaces, complexation-induced conformational phase transitions of polyelectrolyte brushes, and electro-swelling of weak polyelectrolyte brushes. The wide variety of problems addressed here reflects the variety of applications of polyelectrolytes and contexts in which polyelectrolytes appear.

Published
2023

42. Identification: A Suggested Procedure for the Identification of Talented and Gifted Students K-12. Technical Assistance Paper 1. Revised.

Author

Oregon State Dept. of Education, Salem. Div. of Special Student Services., Balzer, Charlene, and Siewert, Bob

Abstract

This guide to procedures for identifying gifted and talented children in Oregon outlines requirements of legislation and administrative regulations. The procedures describe steps in the identification process, including referral, screening, testing, and final selection/parent notification. The importance of identifying children when very young, using multiple criteria, and utilizing a case study approach is stressed. Obstacles to identification of the nontypical gifted, such as cultural and ethnic minorities, economically disadvantaged, underachievers, or handicapped, are discussed, along with techniques for overcoming the obstacles. A bibliography lists four references on identification and approximately 50 references on the nontypical gifted. Appendices contain procedures for selecting a group mental ability test; sample forms, letters, and identification materials, including teacher, parent, and self referral forms; descriptions of possible tests for use in measuring talent and giftedness; a glossary of technical terms; sample identification procedures from Hillsboro Elementary School District; and background information on identification, student records and confidentiality, and student characteristics. (JDD)

Published
1990

43. Policies and Program Planning: Discussion of Administrative Concerns Related to the Implementation of ORS 581-22-403. Technical Assistance Paper 5. Revised.

Author

Oregon State Dept. of Education, Salem. Div. of Special Student Services., Balzer, Charlene, and Siewert, Bob

Abstract

This document was prepared to support school districts in the process of implementing Oregon administrative regulations regarding gifted student education. Elements are listed that should be included in school district policies relating to the education of gifted students. A step-by-step program planning outline is suggested, from establishing a steering committee to evaluating the program. Guidelines are offered for developing administrative support for the gifted education program and for coordinating the program within the district structure and school schedule. The guide also discusses program alternatives, program budget, program resources (both within and out of the district), and program evaluation. An appendix contains a sample program philosophy, identification policy, appeals procedure, list of program and service options, procedures for handling complaints, and parent notification form. Another appendix outlines general procedures for serving gifted students in grades kindergarten through grade 3. (JDD)

Published
1990

44. Modifying Curriculum and Instruction: Suggestions for Modifying the Instructional Program To Meet the Requirements of OAR 581-22-403. Technical Assistance Paper 4. Revised.

Author

Oregon State Dept. of Education, Salem. Div. of Special Student Services., Balzer, Charlene, and Siewert, Bob

Abstract

Guidelines are offered to ensure a stimulating and challenging learning environment for gifted learners. Curriculum modifications are suggested in the areas of: (1) content (complexity, abstractness, and variety; organization; purpose and choice; interaction with peers; focus on issues, themes, or questions; and role of methodologist, technologist, and communicator); (2) process (study skills, research skills, thinking skills, creativity skills, and communication skills); (3) product (teacher's role, variety of products, quality products, and student involvement); and (4) environment (the teacher and the classroom). An appendix briefly outlines considerations for curriculum approaches, administrative options, and support services and resources required for program development. Another appendix lists eight recommended guides for curriculum development, 12 catalogs, and over 40 suggested materials for classroom use. (17 references) (JDD)

Published
1990

45. Program and Service Models: Suggested Programs and Services for Identified Talented and Gifted Students, K-12. Technical Assistance Paper 3. Revised.

Author

Oregon State Dept. of Education, Salem. Div. of Special Student Services., Balzer, Charlene, and Siewert, Bob

Abstract

This document explains Oregon requirements for identification and programming for gifted and talented students. Five simple rules for planning programs and services are listed. Flexible pacing options are discussed, including continuous progress, early entrance, grade skipping, concurrent enrollment, advanced level courses, credit by examination, and compact courses or curriculum. A chart displays organizational strategies for flexible pacing, such as cluster grouping, cross-grade grouping, special full-time class/school, special part-time class, individualized instruction, learning centers, independent study, mentorship/internship, and extended day or school year programs. An organizational model for program and service strategies is presented, based on a pyramid with regular classroom strategies at the base, options outside the regular classroom but within the school district in the mid-section, and opportunities outside of local district control at the top. Appendices contain a Staff Resource and Needs Assessment Survey, a sample pyramid of program and service options, and an example of a completed pyramid. (JDD)

Published
1990

47. Le border collie Ed. 7

Author

Balzer, Alexandre, Loth, Annabelle, Balzer, Alexandre, Balzer, Alexandre, Loth, Annabelle, and Balzer, Alexandre

Abstract

Le border collie est un chien qui aime travailler, courir et obéir. Il cherche toujours à répondre le plus exactement possible à son maître. Que ce soit dans la garde d'un troupeau ou dans un concours d'agility, il excelle par la vivacité de ses réactions et par l'écoute parfaite de son maître. C'est un fantastique chien de compagnie, câlin et fidèle. Facile à éduquer, il est devenu un chien de plus en plus apprécié du grand public.

Published
2022

48. Et si on achetait un lapin ?

Author

Balzer, Alexandre, Loth, Annabelle, Balzer, Alexandre, Balzer, Alexandre, Loth, Annabelle, and Balzer, Alexandre

Abstract

Les réponses aux 60 questions que se posent les futurs et récents propriétaires d'un lapin.Une présentation claire : une page, une question et une réponse détaillée.Les grandes thématiques sont toutes abordées : la législation, les soins, l'alimentation, l'éducation, les races, etc.

Published
2022

49. Ferrite: A Judgmental Embedding of Session Types in Rust (Artifact)

Author

Ruo Fei Chen and Stephanie Balzer and Bernardo Toninho, Chen, Ruo Fei, Balzer, Stephanie, Toninho, Bernardo, Ruo Fei Chen and Stephanie Balzer and Bernardo Toninho, Chen, Ruo Fei, Balzer, Stephanie, and Toninho, Bernardo

Abstract

This artifact provides a VirtualBox image containing the snapshots of source code for Ferrite and Servo at the time the main paper was published.

Published
2022
Full Text
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50. The Impact of Chiral Citronellyl-Functionalization on Indolenine and Anilino Squaraine Thin Films

Author

Balzer, F, Schumacher, M, Mattiello, S, Schulz, M, Zablocki, J, Schmidtmann, M, Meerholz, K, Serdar Sariciftci, N, Beverina, L, Lutzen, A, Schiek, M, Balzer F., Schumacher M. F., Mattiello S., Schulz M., Zablocki J., Schmidtmann M., Meerholz K., Serdar Sariciftci N., Beverina L., Lutzen A., Schiek M., Balzer, F, Schumacher, M, Mattiello, S, Schulz, M, Zablocki, J, Schmidtmann, M, Meerholz, K, Serdar Sariciftci, N, Beverina, L, Lutzen, A, Schiek, M, Balzer F., Schumacher M. F., Mattiello S., Schulz M., Zablocki J., Schmidtmann M., Meerholz K., Serdar Sariciftci N., Beverina L., Lutzen A., and Schiek M.

Abstract

The impact on chiral aggregation in solution processed and thermally annealed thin films of two indolenine and one anilino squaraines with chiral (S)-citronellyl functionalization at the nitrogen of the squaraine backbone is investigated. A pseudo polymorphic crystal structure is obtained for one of the indolenine squaraines, but thin films of both compounds are basically non-aggregated and truly isotropic as evidenced by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The anilino squaraine coalesces and readily aggregates to circular dichroic but discontinuous thin films. The extent of circular dichroism correlates with the morphology of the samples, which is quantified by Mueller matrix polarimetry in combination with atomic force microscopy. The shape of the CD spectra reinforces the hybrid Frenkel and charge-transfer excitonic nature of the characteristic double hump signatures within unpolarized absorbance spectra of previously investigated non-chiral anilino squaraines with linear alkyl chain functionalization. Such excitonic CD offers an additional design parameter for next-generation opto-electronic devices.

Published
2022

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