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Las excelentes condiciones de conservación del altar del siglo VII a.C., encontrado en 1997 en el santuario proto histórico de Caura (Cerro de San Juan, Coria del Río, Sevilla), aconsejaron su extracción en bloque para su exposición en el Museo Arqueológico de Sevilla. No obstante, previamente a su puesta en valor, desde el Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico de la Junta de Andalucía se procedió a la restauración del ara. Para aliviar su peso se llevó a cabo un vaciado par cial de la pieza mediante un proceso de microexcavación de la misma. El material obtenido por este procedimiento fue so metido a análisis geológicos, arqueobotánicos y arqueozoológicos, con el objeto tanto de determinar el origen, la naturale za y la disposición de los materiales de construcción de la pieza ritual, como de interpretar su entorno natural, ayudando así a clarificar los planteamientos realizados inicialmente por arqueólogos e historiadores. Los resultados de los distintos análisis coinciden en el uso de sustratos limpios para la construcción del altar, corroborando la hipótesis histórica de par tida y proporcionando información paleoambiental., The excellent state of conservation of the altar from the 7th century BC, found in 1997 in the protohistoric sanctu ary of Caura (Cerro de San Juan, Coria del Río, Seville), advised its complete extraction for its exhibition in the Museo Arque ológico de Sevilla. However, prior to its enhancement, the Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico of the Junta de Anda lucía carried out the restoration of this altar. To reduce its weight, a partial emptying of the piece was carried out through a micro-excavation process. The material obtained by this procedure was subjected to geological, archaeobotanical and arche ozoological analysis. The aim of all of them is determining the origin, nature, and disposition of the construction materials of the ritual piece and interpreting its natural environment. Thus, helping to clarify the approaches initially made by archae ologists and historians. The results of the different analyzes coincide in the use of clean substrates for the construction of the altar, corroborating the initial historical hypothesis and providing paleoenvironmental information.

Las excelentes condiciones de conservación del altar del siglo VII a.C., encontrado en 1997 en el santuario proto histórico de Caura (Cerro de San Juan, Coria del Río, Sevilla), aconsejaron su extracción en bloque para su exposición en el Museo Arqueológico de Sevilla. No obstante, previamente a su puesta en valor, desde el Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico de la Junta de Andalucía se procedió a la restauración del ara. Para aliviar su peso se llevó a cabo un vaciado par cial de la pieza mediante un proceso de microexcavación de la misma. El material obtenido por este procedimiento fue so metido a análisis geológicos, arqueobotánicos y arqueozoológicos, con el objeto tanto de determinar el origen, la naturale za y la disposición de los materiales de construcción de la pieza ritual, como de interpretar su entorno natural, ayudando así a clarificar los planteamientos realizados inicialmente por arqueólogos e historiadores. Los resultados de los distintos análisis coinciden en el uso de sustratos limpios para la construcción del altar, corroborando la hipótesis histórica de par tida y proporcionando información paleoambiental., The excellent state of conservation of the altar from the 7th century BC, found in 1997 in the protohistoric sanctu ary of Caura (Cerro de San Juan, Coria del Río, Seville), advised its complete extraction for its exhibition in the Museo Arque ológico de Sevilla. However, prior to its enhancement, the Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico of the Junta de Anda lucía carried out the restoration of this altar. To reduce its weight, a partial emptying of the piece was carried out through a micro-excavation process. The material obtained by this procedure was subjected to geological, archaeobotanical and arche ozoological analysis. The aim of all of them is determining the origin, nature, and disposition of the construction materials of the ritual piece and interpreting its natural environment. Thus, helping to clarify the approaches initially made by archae ologists and historians. The results of the different analyzes coincide in the use of clean substrates for the construction of the altar, corroborating the initial historical hypothesis and providing paleoenvironmental information.

Las excelentes condiciones de conservación del altar del siglo VII a.C., encontrado en 1997 en el santuario proto histórico de Caura (Cerro de San Juan, Coria del Río, Sevilla), aconsejaron su extracción en bloque para su exposición en el Museo Arqueológico de Sevilla. No obstante, previamente a su puesta en valor, desde el Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico de la Junta de Andalucía se procedió a la restauración del ara. Para aliviar su peso se llevó a cabo un vaciado par cial de la pieza mediante un proceso de microexcavación de la misma. El material obtenido por este procedimiento fue so metido a análisis geológicos, arqueobotánicos y arqueozoológicos, con el objeto tanto de determinar el origen, la naturale za y la disposición de los materiales de construcción de la pieza ritual, como de interpretar su entorno natural, ayudando así a clarificar los planteamientos realizados inicialmente por arqueólogos e historiadores. Los resultados de los distintos análisis coinciden en el uso de sustratos limpios para la construcción del altar, corroborando la hipótesis histórica de par tida y proporcionando información paleoambiental., The excellent state of conservation of the altar from the 7th century BC, found in 1997 in the protohistoric sanctu ary of Caura (Cerro de San Juan, Coria del Río, Seville), advised its complete extraction for its exhibition in the Museo Arque ológico de Sevilla. However, prior to its enhancement, the Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico of the Junta de Anda lucía carried out the restoration of this altar. To reduce its weight, a partial emptying of the piece was carried out through a micro-excavation process. The material obtained by this procedure was subjected to geological, archaeobotanical and arche ozoological analysis. The aim of all of them is determining the origin, nature, and disposition of the construction materials of the ritual piece and interpreting its natural environment. Thus, helping to clarify the approaches initially made by archae ologists and historians. The results of the different analyzes coincide in the use of clean substrates for the construction of the altar, corroborating the initial historical hypothesis and providing paleoenvironmental information.

The modulus of elasticity and bending strength of 45 structural Salzmann pine timber pieces with nominal dimensions of 150x200x5400 mm3 from an existing 18th century structure were estimated by semi-destructive density estimation probing method (drilling chips extraction) and acoustic wave velocity (stress and ultrasound wave). Bending strength, modulus of elasticity and density were obtained according to the EN 408 European standard, and visual grading singularities were recorded. Visual grading methods are highly ineffective for existing timber structures. Sample mechanical properties show a typical profile of material from existing structures, and this was compared with the results of similar works. MOE and MOR predictive models were proposed with determination coefficients r2 of 66–68% and 51–52%, respectively, using dynamic MOE, relative edge knot diameter and slope of grain as independent variables. MOR prediction improved when these grading parameters were included.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the mechanical properties of Robinia pseudoacacia L. (black locust), Platanus × hybrida Brot. (London plane), Ulmus pumila L. (Siberian elm), and Populus alba L. (white poplar), estimated using ultrasound wave equipment (USLab y Sylvatest Duo) and impact wave equipment (Microsecond Timer) on standing trees, felled logs and on specimens obtained from different parts of the trees. Bending strength, axial compression strength and tension parallel to grain were determined for each specimen, in order to subsequently correlate the strength and stiffness with the acoustic properties determined in the standing tree. For the relationship between the static modulus of elasticity of the specimens and the dynamic modulus of elasticity determined in standing trees using the USLab, coefficients of determination were found to be between 0.30–0.92, between 0.52 and 0.80 using the Sylvatest Duo and between 0.60 and 0.94 with the Microsecond Timer. It would be necessary to determine whether the removal of bark for the correct coupling of the ultrasonic sensors would provide an entry route for pests or diseases that could affect the health of the tree.

The objective of this special issue is to produce theoretical and empirical work that provokes and fertilizes the scholarly debate on product-service innovation (PSI) systems, that is, the adoption of externalized service-augmented strategies by manufacturing businesses. With this end goal at the center of our priorities, we expect to advance our understanding of the connection between PSI and the innovation trajectories of manufacturers, as well as of the mechanics underlying external PSI systems in terms of their formation, evolution and performance., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

We evaluate the co-innovation trajectory of firms adopting different collaborative innovation networks (i.e., vertical, horizontal, and institutional). The results of the empirical applications are obtained from a multilevel regression, and a Nash bargaining model estimated via data envelopment analysis on a sample of 734 enterprises from seven OECD countries form Europe and Latin America. Findings point to important national and firm-level distinctions across the optimal co-innovation configurations: whereas vertical co-innovation strategies are characteristic of firms with the highest innovation efficiency, institutions are frequently found to be optimal for co-innovation success in less developed innovation systems that may be faced with structural deficiencies. However, digital competency is found to disrupt co-innovation configurations for successful innovation, facilitating the development of efficient vertical and horizontal co-innovation trajectories., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Este Trabajo Final de Master (TFM) realiza un análisis comparativo a 5 empresas en Colombia: 3 empresas que producen vivienda de interés social y 2 empresas enfocadas a producir vivienda de lujo. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar si las empresas que construyen vivienda de interés social siguen un comportamiento estratégico similar al adoptado por empresas que no operan en el mercado de vivienda social, esto es, que buscan maximizar su beneficio económico en el corto plazo. La promulgación de la constitución de 1991, y la Ley 1151 de 2007 marcan un momento de inflexión en donde los macroproyectos de vivienda gubernamentales circunscriben una metodología de producción de vivienda social con precio regulado, y ciertos parámetros normativos holgados. En este contexto, se delega a las empresas privadas la producción y comercialización de la vivienda social, teniendo como resultado el poder producir en proporción en términos cuantitativos, pero no cualitativos. Múltiples autores han evaluado los factores de éxito de las Alianzas Publico Privadas, teniendo como concepto ‘Value For Money’ para el consumidor y un beneficio de costo transaccional para los gobiernos. Para el análisis, se emplean ratios económicos y se aplica un análisis basado en la teoría de juegos (Cournot) a las empresas que producen vivienda de interés social, estableciendo su beneficio económico potencial a partir de una función de demanda genérica, y en donde las empresas participantes operan en igualdad de condiciones. Los resultados del análisis revelan que el mercado de vivienda social en Colombia muestra competencia oligopolística, en el cual pocas empresas que producen vivienda de interés social acaparan buena parte del mercado. Además, las empresas que producen vivienda de interés social obtienen un margen operativo superior al 20% en comparación con las empresas enfocadas en vivienda de lujo. El análisis sugiere que es factible producir vivienda de interés social a precios socialmente resp

Este Trabajo Final de Máster (TFM) analiza el nivel de eficiencia de 60 grandes centros urbanos ubicados en todo el mundo para el año 2021, con el objetivo de determinar la importancia que los gestores públicos de dichos centros urbanos prestan a aspectos clave del desarrollo urbano, en concreto: la seguridad personal, el sector salud, la calidad de las infraestructuras locales, el nivel de digitalización y la sostenibilidad. Dado el significativo impacto de los grandes centros urbanos sobre la economía de sus respectivos países, el análisis del nivel de eficiencia es un tema de investigación importante, ya que brinda información útil y significativa sobre prioridades estratégicas con una visión de desarrollo urbano integral que, a su vez, permite que los formuladores de políticas públicas gestionen de forma eficiente sus recursos. La dinámica fluctuante y cambiante del constructo bienestar urbano exige respuestas adecuadas por parte de los formuladores de políticas urbanas y partes interesadas. En este contexto, a nivel de las ciudades, uno de los desafíos más importantes es adoptar políticas más informadas, sostenibles e integrales. Por tanto, el desarrollo de los centros urbanos exige un paquete equilibrado de condiciones que induzcan el bienestar definido de forma amplia en este trabajo (esto es: la seguridad personal, el sector salud, la calidad de las infraestructuras locales, el nivel de digitalización y la sostenibilidad). Para el análisis se emplea el método del “beneficio de la duda” (BOD) basado en técnicas no-paramétricas (análisis envolvente de datos, DEA). El análisis propuesto permite el cálculo de pesos endógenos (específicos a cada ciudad) que se pueden utilizar para desarrollar una formulación de políticas públicas más informadas. Los resultados revelan que los grandes centros urbanos ubicados en Norteamérica, Europa y Oceanía muestran mayores niveles de eficiencia. Además, se identifica que las prioridades estratégicas que impulsan el bienestar de

El presente Trabajo de Fin de Máster busca describir las tendencias de los accidentes laborales y enfermedades ocupacionales según la distribución por sectores económicos de las actividades económicas de Perú. A partir de datos estadísticos obtenidos de reportes que las empresas entregan a las entidades del estado, considerando el periodo de 2016 a 2020. Estos reportes fueron obtenidos de las publicaciones del Ministerio de Trabajo y Promoción del Empleo (MTPE) y el Instituto Nacional de estadística e informática (INEI). Las variables de estudio son la cantidad de accidentes laborales y enfermedades ocupacionales, el Producto Bruto Interno (PBI), la Población económicamente activa y ocupada (PEAO), el salario promedio mensual, la cantidad y porcentaje de inversión en ciencia y tecnología por sectores económicos y la tasa de accidentes y enfermedades ocupacionales. Para el análisis se aplicó la metodología descriptiva tomando en cuenta dos subperiodos de estudio: el periodo previo a la pandemia de la Covid -19 (2016- 2019) y el periodo afectado por la pandemia global causada por la Covid -19 (2020). Los resultados muestran que sí existe una influencia entre los reportes de accidentes leves y graves y el flujo económico en todos los sectores económicos a excepción del sector de Administración Pública y Defensa con variaciones importantes entre ambos subperiodos de análisis. En el caso de los reportes de enfermedades ocupacionales y accidentes mortales se muestra que no existe una influencia clara del flujo económico sobre los reportes. Asimismo, se muestra que los sectores económicos con mayor cantidad de reportes de accidentes laborales fueron los sectores de Manufactura y Construcción, en el caso de enfermedades fueron los sectores Resto de Sectores y Sectores Primarios; y el sector con menor cantidad de reportes de accidentes laborales y enfermedades ocupacionales fue el sector de Administración Pública y defensa. Por otro lado, considerando la inversión en ciencia

There has been growing interest in service-augmented products and the subsequent formation of product-service innovation (PSI) ecosystems. Hence, the objective of this paper is to empirically address an unexplored aspect of PSI ecosystems research by offering answers as to whether territories develop more performant PSI ecosystems in terms of manufacturing employment growth when they arise from an existing industrial base. Running a fixed-effects model on a sample of all 17 Spanish autonomous communities in the period from 2006 to 2012, the importance of territories having a strong incumbent manufacturing sector before developing PSI ecosystems is revealed. Specifically, it is found that PSI ecosystems will generate greater industrial employment growth in manufacturing-led territories. Our model and findings suggest various implications for scholars, managers, and policymakers alike., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

The timber structural members of a seven-story building from the end of the 18th century were evaluated following a procedure based on previous research works. The structure consisted of timber-framed brick walls and heavy timber floors with mortar filling. Non-destructive measurements were taken in 13 sampling areas of the floors and framed walls. Detailed measurements of at least 3 pieces in each sample were taken (stress wave Time-of-Flight and probing tests). Mean density and modulus of elasticity values and characteristic values of bending and compression strength were estimated. On-site load tests were carried out on three floor slabs to deduce their actual bending stiffness and compare it with estimation by NDT. They behaved more rigidly than expected, which is explained by floor screed stiffness, the transverse stiffness effect and possible semi-rigid connection behaviour at the supports. Structural verification determined the required strength of the critical members to compare this with the estimated strengths, showing a correct safety level.

In 2017 the Japanese government reported that its state-owned mining company had successfully extracted zinc from the seabed off the coast of Okinawa. This piloting of technology is currently the world's only example of large-scale extractive activity operating at such depths. Alongside Japan's innovations, the global deep sea mining (DSM) industry is moving towards commercial viability. This paper draws upon critical theoretical perspectives to better understand the complex debates being provoked. While there has been an increasing range of scholarship focusing on DSM from both the natural and social sciences, this paper cautions that the social sciences are not merely tools for assessing public and stakeholder acceptability. They require and deserve a central role in defining the purpose, nature and scope of commercial DSM. This paper therefore develops an approach that seeks to diversify and broaden engagements with DSM and that is well-placed to navigate the political questions that emerge from mining on the seabed. These perspectives also enable us to interrogate claims that DSM offers greater ‘sustainability’ than terrestrial mining does. This paper's interdisciplinary approach draws on empirical reference to, and examples from, the Japanese context, highlighting four main areas of concern for DSM: geography, geopolitics, law and political economy. These areas of critical enquiry reveal DSM's complexities and caution against perceiving DSM as a singular phenomenon. The emergent complex and multi-scalar questions from seabed mining therefore require a more holistic approach. Mining the seabed produces, and is underpinned by, a multitude of social, cultural and political dimensions and the potential consequences of DSM will not be experienced evenly. As this paper demonstrates, DSM is an interdisciplinary issue. The confines of disciplinary norms must therefore be exceeded to facilitate a deeper understanding of both the practices of DSM and their consequences.

In 2017 the Japanese government reported that its state-owned mining company had successfully extracted zinc from the seabed off the coast of Okinawa. This piloting of technology is currently the world's only example of large-scale extractive activity operating at such depths. Alongside Japan's innovations, the global deep sea mining (DSM) industry is moving towards commercial viability. This paper draws upon critical theoretical perspectives to better understand the complex debates being provoked. While there has been an increasing range of scholarship focusing on DSM from both the natural and social sciences, this paper cautions that the social sciences are not merely tools for assessing public and stakeholder acceptability. They require and deserve a central role in defining the purpose, nature and scope of commercial DSM. This paper therefore develops an approach that seeks to diversify and broaden engagements with DSM and that is well-placed to navigate the political questions that emerge from mining on the seabed. These perspectives also enable us to interrogate claims that DSM offers greater ‘sustainability’ than terrestrial mining does. This paper's interdisciplinary approach draws on empirical reference to, and examples from, the Japanese context, highlighting four main areas of concern for DSM: geography, geopolitics, law and political economy. These areas of critical enquiry reveal DSM's complexities and caution against perceiving DSM as a singular phenomenon. The emergent complex and multi-scalar questions from seabed mining therefore require a more holistic approach. Mining the seabed produces, and is underpinned by, a multitude of social, cultural and political dimensions and the potential consequences of DSM will not be experienced evenly. As this paper demonstrates, DSM is an interdisciplinary issue. The confines of disciplinary norms must therefore be exceeded to facilitate a deeper understanding of both the practices of DSM and their consequences.

Nondestructive testing (NDT) includes several highly efficient techniques for the estimation of the physical and mechanical properties of structural timber. However, NDT results are affected by several factors [moisture content (MC), temperature, specimen dimensions, sensor positioning and grain angle, timber-sensor coupling, etc.], of which wood MC is the most important. Scientific research on MC influence in NDT measurements started in the 19th century, and 2018 was the first year that a MC adjustment for NDT measurements was published in a European standard (EN14081-2). Although MC influence on NDT has been studied for more than 170 years, MC adjustment factor research is important nowadays because it is widely used in the industry. Currently, NDT device manufacturers develop their own MC adjustment factors adapted to their equipment and species. This paper presents an exhaustive review of MC adjustments for different types of NDT equipment, as proposed by several authors from the 19th century to date, and a discussion of factors affecting MC adjustments.

Spatially resolved transcriptomic technologies are promising tools to study complex biological processes such as mammalian embryogenesis. However, the imbalance between resolution, gene capture, and field of view of current methodologies precludes their systematic application to analyze relatively large and three-dimensional mid-and late-gestation embryos. Here, we combined DNA nanoball (DNB)-patterned arrays and in situ RNA capture to create spatial enhanced resolution omics-sequencing (Stereo-seq). We applied Stereo-seq to generate the mouse organogenesis spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas (MOSTA), which maps with single cell resolution and high sensitivity the kinetics and directionality of transcriptional variation during mouse organogenesis. We used this information to gain insight into the molecular basis of spatial cell heterogeneity and cell fate specification in developing tissues such as the dorsal midbrain. Our panoramic atlas will facilitate in-depth investigation of longstanding questions concerning normal and abnormal mammalian development., QC 20220613

Este Trabajo Final de Máster, elaborado como proyecto final en el marco del Máster en Gestión de la Edificación (EPSEB), tiene por objetivo central, analizar la evolución de las enfermedades profesionales en España durante el periodo 2007-2020. El estudio se realiza a partir de la información obtenida de las bases de datos del Servicio Estadístico de Enfermedades Profesionales de España. Como elemento clave del trabajo, el análisis descriptivo propuesto de las enfermedades profesionales tiene en cuenta criterios geográficos (esto es, a nivel de Comunidad Autónoma), sectoriales (esto es, a nivel de sector de actividad), así como aspectos asociados a los agentes causantes de las enfermedades profesionales en España. La revisión de estudios previos sobre enfermedades profesionales revela una cierta escasez de estudios sobre el tema tratado en este trabajo, lo que corrobora la importancia de expandir nuestro conocimiento sobre la situación de las enfermedades profesionales en España, desde una óptica territorial como sectorial, así como, desde una perspectiva de los agentes que causan dichas enfermedades. A través de este análisis se busca identificar los patrones más relevantes asociados con la incidencia de las enfermedades profesionales. Además, teniendo en cuenta la heterogeneidad territorial española, se analizará la incidencia de enfermedades profesionales a nivel de Comunidad Autónoma con el fin de evaluar si la prevalencia de las enfermedades profesionales sigue un patrón homogéneo en el tiempo o, si, por el contrario, la incidencia de enfermedades profesionales muestra tendencias heterogéneas entre las distintas Comunidades Autónomas. Además, en función de la diversidad de riesgos asociados a las actividades laborales desarrolladas en distintas industrias, se busca detectar posibles asociaciones entre sectores económicos concretos y distintos agentes causantes de enfermedades profesionales.

We evaluate the main characteristics of the digital ecosystem of North American (USA and Canada) and 16 Latin American economies for 2019. By employing the ‘benefit of the doubt’ model rooted in non-parametric techniques to scrutinize a composite indicator designed to assess the digital ecosystem (i.e., the Digital Platform Economy (DPE) index), the analysis allows the computation of endogenous (country-specific) weights that can be used for developing more informed policy making. The results show that countries prioritize different aspects of their digital ecosystem which confirms that, contrary to homogeneous prescription, tailor-made policy is a more desirable approach if the objective is to optimize the resources deployed to enhance the countries’ digital ecosystem., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

We employ the ‘benefit of the doubt’ approach rooted in non-parametric techniques to evaluate the entrepreneurial ecosystem of 71 countries for the period 2016. By scrutinizing the relative efficiency of countries’ entrepreneurial ecosystems, the proposed analysis of composite indicators allows the computation of endogenous (country-specific) weights that can be used for developing more informed policy making. The results show that countries prioritize different aspects of their national system of entrepreneurship which confirms that, contrary to homogeneous prescription, tailor-made policy is necessary if the objective is to optimize the resources deployed to enhance the countries’ entrepreneurial ecosystem. The findings of the empirical application reveal significant improvements in the quality of the entrepreneurial ecosystem can be realized by targeting the policy priorities of the local entrepreneurship system identified by the ‘benefit of the doubt’ weights. By analyzing the variation in economic and entrepreneurship outcomes over the seven-year period centered on the study year (period 2013–2019), we found a significant positive correlation between quality improvements in the entrepreneurial ecosystem and venture capital investments., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

By drawing on a business model lens, this study proposes that the competitive performance of servitization is higher for manufacturing firms selling long-lifespan products since they better develop the key elements required for transitioning towards integrated Business to Business (BtoB) solutions delivery. Additionally, the study argues that the moderation role of product lifespan is stronger in advanced stages of servitization as it reduces replacement and information costs. To test these hypotheses, this study merges a unique survey of Manufacturing Multinational Enterprises (MMNEs) and the Lifespan Database for Vehicles, Equipment and Structures (LiVES). Results show a positive moderating effect of product lifespan in the relationship between servitization and performance. Following this finding, across firms with high-intensity servitization, the firm that sells longest-lifespan products is predicted to capture most value from servitization. Overall, the present study suggests that the implementation of recurrent services during an extended product lifecycle provides an opportunity for BtoB solutions delivery and product usage optimisation. By including product lifespan in the equation, we improve understanding of why servitization is an excellent mechanism for managing long-lasting industrial relationships and explain why servitization boosts performance in some manufacturing industries but has a neutral effect on others., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

The molecular mechanism underlying brain regeneration in vertebrates remains elusive. We performed spatial enhanced resolution omics sequencing (Stereo-seq) to capture spatially resolved single-cell transcriptomes of axolotl telencephalon sections during development and regeneration. Annotated cell types exhibited distinct spatial distribution, molecular features, and functions. We identified an injuryinduced ependymoglial cell cluster at the wound site as a progenitor cell population for the potential replenishment of lost neurons, through a cell state transition process resembling neurogenesis during development. Transcriptome comparisons indicated that these induced cells may originate from local resident ependymoglial cells. We further uncovered spatially defined neurons at the lesion site that may regress to an immature neuron-like state. Our work establishes spatial transcriptome profiles of an anamniote tetrapod brain and decodes potential neurogenesis from ependymoglial cells for development and regeneration, thus providing mechanistic insights into vertebrate brain regeneration.

Spatially resolved transcriptomic technologies are promising tools to study complex biological processes such as mammalian embryogenesis. However, the imbalance between resolution, gene capture, and field of view of current methodologies precludes their systematic application to analyze relatively large and three-dimensional mid- and late-gestation embryos. Here, we combined DNA nanoball (DNB)-patterned arrays and in situ RNA capture to create spatial enhanced resolution omics-sequencing (Stereo-seq). We applied Stereo-seq to generate the mouse organogenesis spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas (MOSTA), which maps with single-cell resolution and high sensitivity the kinetics and directionality of transcriptional variation during mouse organogenesis. We used this information to gain insight into the molecular basis of spatial cell heterogeneity and cell fate specification in developing tissues such as the dorsal midbrain. Our panoramic atlas will facilitate in-depth investigation of longstanding questions concerning normal and abnormal mammalian development.

This study evaluates the quality of the digital platform economy at the global scale by employing a network model rooted in nonparametric linear techniques (data envelopment analysis) on a sample of 116 countries for 2019. The proposed model is in accordance with the geographic diversity (country heterogeneity) and the multilayered structure characterizing the interactions between system participants: governments, digital platforms, platform-dependent firms, and end users. The core findings indicate that the configuration of countries’ platform economy is very heterogeneous, which suggests that an informed, tailor-made approach to policy might produce more effective outcomes. Policies aimed at enhancing the digital platform economy should emerge from the analysis of its main factors if the development of a strategy seeking qualitative improvements in the system is the desired goal., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

The 2021 Labour law Reform has repealed the contract for a specific work or service. This has had a clear impact on the construction sector, in which this type of contract, under the conventional regulation of the fixed contract for a specific building work, was the most widely used. In order to provide a response to the sector, the legislator has regulated a special regime for the termination of the indefinite contract assigned to building work. This article will analyze the scope of this new extinctive regime based on the conventional regulation of the fixed contract for specific building work., La reforma laboral del año 2021 ha derogado el contrato para obra o servicio determinado. Ello ha tenido un claro impacto en el sector de la construcción, en el que este tipo de contrato, bajo la regulación convencional del contrato fijo de obra, era el más utilizado. Con el fin de dar una respuesta al sector, el legislador ha regulado un especial régimen de extinción del contrato indefinido adscrito a obra. El presente artículo analizará el alcance de este nuevo régimen extintivo sobre la base de la regulación convencional del contrato fijo de obra.

Spatially resolved transcriptomic technologies are promising tools to study complex biological processes such as mammalian embryogenesis. However, the imbalance between resolution, gene capture, and field of view of current methodologies precludes their systematic application to analyze relatively large and three-dimensional mid- and late-gestation embryos. Here, we combined DNA nanoball (DNB)-patterned arrays and in situ RNA capture to create spatial enhanced resolution omics-sequencing (Stereo-seq). We applied Stereo-seq to generate the mouse organogenesis spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas (MOSTA), which maps with single-cell resolution and high sensitivity the kinetics and directionality of transcriptional variation during mouse organogenesis. We used this information to gain insight into the molecular basis of spatial cell heterogeneity and cell fate specification in developing tissues such as the dorsal midbrain. Our panoramic atlas will facilitate in-depth investigation of longstanding questions concerning normal and abnormal mammalian development.

Studying tissue composition and function in non-human primates (NHPs) is crucial to understand the nature of our own species. Here we present a large-scale cell transcriptomic atlas that encompasses over 1 million cells from 45 tissues of the adult NHP Macaca fascicularis. This dataset provides a vast annotated resource to study a species phylogenetically close to humans. To demonstrate the utility of the atlas, we have reconstructed the cell–cell interaction networks that drive Wnt signalling across the body, mapped the distribution of receptors and co-receptors for viruses causing human infectious diseases, and intersected our data with human genetic disease orthologues to establish potential clinical associations. Our M. fascicularis cell atlas constitutes an essential reference for future studies in humans and NHPs.

Purpose – This paper investigates how past performance changes, prior CEO replacements and changes in the chairperson impact CEO turnover in public and large private businesses. Design/methodology/approach – We analyze 1,679 CEO replacements documented in a sample of 1,493 Spanish public and private firms during 1998–2004 by computing dynamic binary choice models that control for endogeneity in CEO turnovers. Findings – The results reveal that different performance horizons (short- and long-term) explain the dissimilar rate of CEO turnover between public and private firms. Private firms exercise monitoring patience and path dependency characterizes the evaluation of CEOs, while public companies’ short-termism leads to higher CEO turnover rates as a reaction to poor short-term economic results, and alternative controls—ownership and changes in the chairperson—improve the monitoring of management. Originality/value – Our results show the importance of controlling for path dependency to examine more accurately top executives’ performance. The findings confirm that exposure to market controls affects the functioning of internal controls in evaluating CEOs and shows a short-term performance horizon that could be behind the recent moves of public firms going private or restraining shareholders’ power., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Studying tissue composition and function in non-human primates (NHPs) is crucial to understand the nature of our own species. Here we present a large-scale cell transcriptomic atlas that encompasses over 1 million cells from 45 tissues of the adult NHP Macaca fascicularis. This dataset provides a vast annotated resource to study a species phylogenetically close to humans. To demonstrate the utility of the atlas, we have reconstructed the cell–cell interaction networks that drive Wnt signalling across the body, mapped the distribution of receptors and co-receptors for viruses causing human infectious diseases, and intersected our data with human genetic disease orthologues to establish potential clinical associations. Our M. fascicularis cell atlas constitutes an essential reference for future studies in humans and NHPs.

To calculate tsunami forces on coastal structures it is of great importance to determine the shape of the tsunami front reaching the coast. Based on literature reviews, analytical reasoning,video footage, and numerical modelling it is concluded that both the continental shelf slope and the bay geometry have a significant influence on the transformation of a tsunami wave near the coastline. After conducting 1D and 2DH wave simulations, a distinction is made between three types of tsunami waves; a non-breaking front (surging), a breaking front and an undular bore breaking front. Tsunami waves transform into these three wave types over a steep continental shelf, an intermediate sloped continental shelf, and a gentle sloped continental shelf, respectively. A new tsunami surf-similarityparameter is proposed to quantitatively predict the type of wave at the coastline, which was validated based on observations during the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami., Hydraulic Structures and Flood Risk, Environmental Fluid Mechanics

The analysis of how organizations orchestrate their resource and capabilities in order to create and/or develop a competitive advantage has increasingly drawn scholarly and policy attention. The collection of 14 papers in this special issue brings new insights into business competitiveness by emphasizing the multidimensional nature of the competitiveness construct. By adopting a multidisciplinary perspective that combines a variety of frameworks (economics, resource-based view, and business servitization), the papers in this special issue analyze the relationships underlying business competitiveness, its determinants as well as its strengths and weaknesses in different geographic contexts (Europe and Latin America). This editorial note first portrays business competitiveness as a multidimensional construct and argues that competitiveness-enhancing strategies require an effective understanding of businesses’ resources and capabilities. Also, we provide a number of yet unresolved topics that deserve academic attention., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

This study evaluates the relationship between the entrepreneurial ecosystem and business competitiveness. The study uses a sample of 348 manufacturing and knowledge-intensive business service firms operating in four countries with different entrepreneurial ecosystem (France, Spain, Costa Rica, and Hungary) for 2019. Firm competitiveness is computed via the ‘benefit-of-the-doubt’ (BOD) method, and a multilevel model is employed to assess the connection between the entrepreneurial ecosystem and firm competitiveness. The results of the multilevel model indicate that the entrepreneurial ecosystem is related to firm competitiveness, while the BOD results suggest that firms operating in settings with a more consolidated entrepreneurial ecosystem are better able to realize the outcomes of strategic choices linked to the exploitation of key resources and capabilities. Country-specific results suggest that ‘human capital’ is the most relevant competitive pillar prioritized by all sampled businesses. The proposed analysis contributes to the development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem frame by offering insights on how the properties of the entrepreneurial ecosystem (i.e., interactions among individuals, organizations and institutions) can produce economically meaningful effects on business performance., Peer Reviewed, Preprint

Purpose: This study aims to contrast the disparities in optimal competitiveness configurations across international economies. Additionally, we analyse the competitive efficiency across firms of different performance endowments to identify distinctions and determine whether standardised or customised competitiveness configurations are optimal. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses a multilevel regression model to confirm country-specific effects followed by a non-parametric “Benefit-of-the-Doubt” (BoD) method to conduct an international comparison of the competitive efficiency of top- and poor-performing firms across eight European and Latin American economies. Findings: Not only are national ecosystems significant differentiators of competitive efficiency, but firm-level characteristics also explain these differences. It is found that more recent start-ups tend to experience significantly greater competitive efficiency. However, by separating the top-performing firms from the poor performers in each economy, it is found that the configurational outputs that potentially contribute most to competitive efficiency are not necessarily the same; while “technology” is a key factor for driving the competitive efficiency of top-performing firms, “market” drivers are most essential for improving the competitive potential of poor performers. Originality/value: The configurational outputs that potentially contribute most to competitive efficiency are not necessarily universal., Peer Reviewed, Preprint

From the perspective that a region’s industrial development mostly builds upon existing local capability endowments to form a trajectory of related diversifications, we argue that regions with a strong technology-based knowledge-intensive business service (T-KIBS) sector potentially have resource-based relatedness in their ‘knowledge space’ allowing their local manufacturing sector to diversify production more easily towards Industry 4.0. The study assays whether the internal configuration of the local KIBS sector contributes to the economic outcome of local industry by implementing spatial econometrics models on a regionalized database for 24 European Union countries., Peer Reviewed, Preprint

Purpose: This study employs a non-parametric model—namely, data envelopment analysis (DEA)—with a single constant input to evaluate how the configuration of competitive pillars impacts businesses’ competitive efficiency. Design/methodology/approach: The proposed DEA model evaluates technical inefficiency, which results from differences in the availability and allocation of resources, and configuration inefficiency that we link to differences in the way businesses amalgamate their competitive pillars. The sample includes 115 Spanish businesses operating in manufacturing, construction, retail and KIBS sectors. Findings: The results reveal that, on average, firms can improve their overall competitive efficiency by 53.53%. The findings suggest that the configuration of competitive pillars has important implications for efficiency analyses: human capital and strategy are the most relevant aspects shaping competitive efficiency in manufacturing and construction firms; whereas innovation emerges as the most relevant competitive aspect driving competitive efficiency in KIBS firms, respectively. Originality: The novelty of this study lies in the analysis of competitive efficiency in a model where efficiency can be explained by overall (industry-specific) competitive efficiency within the industry and by strategic choices on how resources and capabilities are combined within the business., Peer Reviewed, Preprint

To calculate tsunami forces on coastal structures it is of great importance to determine the shape of the tsunami front reaching the coast. Based on literature reviews, analytical reasoning,video footage, and numerical modelling it is concluded that both the continental shelf slope and the bay geometry have a significant influence on the transformation of a tsunami wave near the coastline. After conducting 1D and 2DH wave simulations, a distinction is made between three types of tsunami waves; a non-breaking front (surging), a breaking front and an undular bore breaking front. Tsunami waves transform into these three wave types over a steep continental shelf, an intermediate sloped continental shelf, and a gentle sloped continental shelf, respectively. A new tsunami surf-similarityparameter is proposed to quantitatively predict the type of wave at the coastline, which was validated based on observations during the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami., Hydraulic Structures and Flood Risk, Environmental Fluid Mechanics

The role of public administrations as leading agents for the provision of public services has gained increased attention as a result of the economic challenges that followed the economic downturn that hit most countries after 2008. These policy efforts have materialized in economic reforms that condition the funding & performance evaluation of public services. In parallel, scholars & policy observers have fueled the debate on what elements form the objective function of public service providers as well as on how to model the technology of public services for evaluation purposes. These concerns have become evident in the approach adopted by many academic studies dealing with efficiency assessments in a number of public services (e.g. education, health care, local governments)., Peer Reviewed, Preprint

This paper examines how different forms of accumulated exploitable knowledge—i.e., export experience with the current firm and past entrepreneurial experience—stimulate export destinations, defined as the number of foreign markets where businesses sell their products/services. The proposed hypotheses are tested on a unique sample of Costa Rican entrepreneurial businesses for 2017. Results from the sequential deductive triangulation analysis (QUAN ¿ qual) reveal that the ambidextrous connection between export experience with the current firm and past entrepreneurial experience is an essential prerequisite for explaining export destination figures. Also, the positive effect of export experience with the current business on export destinations is more prevalent among firms created by serial entrepreneurs. These findings corroborate our argument line on the importance of generative-based learning processes. Furthermore, the results of the qualitative analysis suggest that task-specific international experience and experience gained through past business venturing are relevant micro-foundations of international business expansion in the context of the export destinations of entrepreneurial firms., Peer Reviewed, Preprint

This study analyzes the efficiency of Spanish provinces in a model that incorporates occupational health and safety (OHS) policy controls and work accidents into the analysis. Building on productivity models rooted in nonparametric frontier methods, namely Data Envelopment Analysis, the proposed approach allows the development of a production function that accurately models the joint production of desirable (GDP) and undesirable (work accidents) outputs. The efficiency analysis of the 50 Spanish provinces during 2003–2012 reveals that territories that drastically cut resources dedicated to OHS controls—in our case, safety inspections and economic sanctions for safety violations—show higher inefficiency levels. Nevertheless, the changes in OHS policies introduced by Spanish provinces after the change in the state of the economy in 2008 had a heterogeneous impact on their efficiency level. Effective OHS policy is not necessarily linked to merely implementing more OHS policy controls, but rather to the capacity of territories to efficiently allocate their available OHS resources and monitor business activity. Policy implications and future research avenues are discussed., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (author's final draft)

Mouse embryonic stem cells cultured with MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) and GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase 3) inhibitors (2i) more closely resemble the inner cell mass of preimplantation blastocysts than those cultured with SL [serum/leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)]. The transcriptional mechanisms governing this pluripotent ground state are unresolved. Release of promoter-proximal paused RNA polymerase II (Pol2) is a multistep process necessary for pluripotency and cell cycle gene transcription in SL. We show that β-catenin, stabilized by GSK3 inhibition in medium with 2i, supplies transcriptional coregulators at pluripotency loci. This selectively strengthens pluripotency loci and renders them addicted to transcription initiation for productive gene body elongation in detriment to Pol2 pause release. By contrast, cell cycle genes are not bound by β-catenin, and proliferation/self-renewal remains tightly controlled by Pol2 pause release under 2i conditions. Our findings explain how pluripotency is reinforced in the ground state and also provide a general model for transcriptional resilience/ adaptation upon network perturbation in other contexts.

The accurate modelling of overtopping of coastal defences by tsunami waves is of vital importance for the formulation of disaster management strategies. To improve knowledge of this phenomena the authors conducted experiments on coastal structure overtopping using bores that were generated by a dam-break mechanism. Three types of structures were tested, namely a coastal dyke, a wall, and a wall of infinite height. The results highlight the necessity to consider the energy present in a bore to determine if a structure will be overtopped or not. As a result of these experiments an empirical formula to determine the height of overtopping given the incident bore height and velocity was validated. The study highlights the importance of clearly modelling the velocity and Froude number of a tsunami. Such experiments should be conducted on rough beds, for which a suitable Manning's n seems to be around 0.06 sm-1/3. The study also contrasted the results obtained to those of the ASCE7 method, and concludes that the Manning's n values recommended in ASCE7 are probably too low., Accepted Author Manuscript, Hydraulic Structures and Flood Risk

En estos últimos años ha aumentadolapreocupaciónpor los accidentes laboralesen todo el mundo hasta el punto que,tanto las administraciones públicas como las empresas,están invirtiendo en recursos preventivos para llevar a cabo sus actividades de forma cada vez más segura.Por este motivo, este trabajo final de grado está enfocado en el análisis de indicadores clave relacionados con la seguridad laboral a nivel territorial: número de accidentes laborales, índice de incidencia de accidentes laborales, jornadas no trabajadas y el índice de duración media de los accidentes.En concreto, el objetivo de este trabajoes analizar la evolución temporal de los indicadoresde accidentabilidad laboral antes descritos para las provincias españolas durante el periodo 1999-2018.Para efectos del análisis, todas las variables analizadas en este TFG se desagregan con el fin de analizar por separado los valores reportados para cada variable en jornada laboral ein-itinere.La metodología empleada en este TFG es de tipo descriptivo. El análisis propuesto busca estudiar la evolución de la tendencia temporal de las cuatro variables descritas anteriormente, distinguiendo entre tres periodos de tiempo claramente diferenciados, en términos del estado de la economía:crecimiento económico (1999-2007), crisis (2008-2012), y recuperación económica (2013-2018).Los resultados deltrabajomuestran una disminución significativa, entre 1999 y 2018,en todas las variables estudiadas. Además, en consonancia con otros estudios académicos, los resultados indican que el cambio en las variables relacionadas con la accidentabilidad laboral estáfuertemente asociada a variacionesen el estado del ciclo económico de España.

Territorial servitization is the analysis of how manufacturing firms and knowledge-intensive business service (KIBS) sectors collaborate in working towards a renaissance of manufacturing competitiveness within regions of developed economies. This editorial note provides four insights. First, it sums up the existing body of knowledge on the topic. Second, it quantifies and maps the territorial servitization activity in Spanish regions. Third, it presents and reflects on the collection of five papers in this special issue, which bring new insights into how geographical proximity, innovation systems, and KIBS heterogeneity benefit our understanding of territorial servitization. Finally, the study provides a number of yet unresolved topics that deserve further academic attention. [CASTELLÀ] La servitización territorial es el análisis de cómo las empresas manufactureras y de servicios intensivos en conocimiento (KIBS) colaboran para el desarrollo de nuevos modelos de negocio basados en el servicio que llevan al renacimiento de la competitividad industrial de las regiones ubicadas en países desarrollados. Esta nota editorial proporciona cuatro ideas. Primero, resume el cuerpo de conocimiento existente sobre la servitización territorial. En segundo lugar, cuantifica y mapea la actividad de servitización territorial en las comunidades autónomas españolas. En tercer lugar, presenta los cinco trabajos originales publicados en este número especial. Dichos trabajos aportan nuevos conocimientos sobre cómo la proximidad geográfica, los sistemas de innovación y la heterogeneidad de KIBS benefician nuestra comprensión de la servitización territorial. Finalmente, el estudio proporciona una serie de temas aún no resueltos que merecen más atención académica., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

Building on the Resource Based View (RBV) theory of the firm, this study proposes an analysis of business competitiveness and competitive efficiency based on the configuration of different competitive pillars that shape competitiveness. The empirical application uses non-parametric frontier methods (Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA) on a unique sample of 171 Catalan businesses.The results show that different strategies adopted by businesses impact their competitiveness level. Also, it was found that competitive efficiency is conditioned by the heterogeneous configuration of competitive pillars, and that this effect varies across industries, in our case manufacturing, construction, retail, knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS), and consumer services. The findings at industry level reveal that competitiveness and competitive efficiency are two inter-connected construct that not always follow the same trajectory.Additionally, the findings indicate that the optimal configurations of competitive pillars (measured via the weights assigned to competitive pillars) are heterogeneous across industries, which suggests that competitive strengths and weaknesses also vary across industries. For example, ‘innovation’ and ‘human capital’ are the most relevant competitive pillars among KIBS firms, while for retail firms the pillars related to ‘markets’ and ‘human capital’ are more decisive to shape competitiveness.

The accurate modelling of overtopping of coastal defences by tsunami waves is of vital importance for the formulation of disaster management strategies. To improve knowledge of this phenomena the authors conducted experiments on coastal structure overtopping using bores that were generated by a dam-break mechanism. Three types of structures were tested, namely a coastal dyke, a wall, and a wall of infinite height. The results highlight the necessity to consider the energy present in a bore to determine if a structure will be overtopped or not. As a result of these experiments an empirical formula to determine the height of overtopping given the incident bore height and velocity was validated. The study highlights the importance of clearly modelling the velocity and Froude number of a tsunami. Such experiments should be conducted on rough beds, for which a suitable Manning's n seems to be around 0.06 sm-1/3. The study also contrasted the results obtained to those of the ASCE7 method, and concludes that the Manning's n values recommended in ASCE7 are probably too low., Accepted Author Manuscript, Hydraulic Structures and Flood Risk

The 3rd and the 2nd provincial records, respectively, of the dragonflies Brachythemis impartita (Karsch, 1890) and Trithemis kirbyi Sélys, 1891 for the province of Salamanca (central-western Spain) are reported., Se publican, respectivamente, la tercera y segunda cita provincial, de los odonatos Brachythemis impartita (Karsch, 1890) y Trithemis kirbyi Sélys, 1891 en la provincia de Salamanca (Castilla y León).

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la eficiencia de las empresas del sector de la construcción en Cataluña durante el periodo 2005-2016, teniendo en cuenta el efecto de la crisis económica sobre el desempeño (eficiencia y rentabilidad) de las empresas analizadas.Para analizar el fenómeno propuesto, se utilizó información de las bases de datos del Sistema de Análisis de Balances Ibéricos (SABI). La base de datos final incluye información de 15604 empresas de la construcción en Cataluña, microempresas (10245), pequeñas (4343) y medianas-grandes (1016) durante el periodo 2005-2016. Los resultadosdelanálisis basado en modelo frontera no-paramétricos (Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA) revelanque la ineficiencia de las empresas de la construcción fue aumentando progresivamente durante la crisis e impacto negativamente a la rentabilidad de ellas.Durante el periodo de recesión económica que afecto a España después de 2008, todas las empresas empeoraron sus resultados de eficiencias a niveles muy notorios y no presentaron mejorías hasta el 2016, donde se alcanzaron niveles de rendimientos superiores luego de siete años de una constante caída.Adicionalmente, se encontró que las medianas-grandes empresas son las que mejor desempeño tienen durante el periodo de crisis: desempeño es significantemente mejor, debido a que reaccionan y se recuperan a una velocidadmás rápidaque empresas de otros tamaños(micro y pequeñas), tanto en términos de eficiencia como de rentabilidadeconómica (ROA).

Purpose: The analysis of the interconnectedness between resources and capabilities, and the way businesses use them as competitive weapons is a central element of the strategic management literature. Finding the appropriate configuration of competitive pillars is particularly relevant for resource-constrained small businesses. Drawing on the resource-based view and the configuration theory, this study evaluates the effect of both competitiveness and the configuration of the competitiveness system on performance. Design/methodology/approach: An index methodology based on the configuration theory was used to compute the competitiveness index on a unique sample of 625 Hungarian small and medium-sized firms. The study hypotheses were tested via regression analysis. Findings: Results show that the impact of competitiveness-enhancing strategies is conditional on the configuration of the system of competencies. Low-competitive businesses benefit more from investments in the weakest competitive pillar, while strategies oriented to improve more than one competitive pillar yield higher competitiveness improvements among high-competitive businesses. Our findings also indicate that competitiveness positively impacts performance, and that the exploitation of competitive strengths leads to superior results among high-competitive businesses. Originality/value: By employing an index methodology, our analysis contributes to unveil how competitiveness impact business performance. The proposed analysis has value for scholars and strategy makers by showing how the configuration of the business’ competitive system—in terms of competitive strengths and weaknesses—conditions the generally positive impact of competitiveness enhancing actions linked to the acquisition or development of resources and capabilities., Preprint

This study employs a Benefit-of-the-Doubt (BOD) weighting model that incorporates information generated via a participatory method—i.e., based on experts’ opinion—to construct a composite indicator that evaluates the competitiveness level of Costa Rican counties during 2010-2016. The results of the empirical application based on the county competitiveness index (CCI) reveal the superior informative power of the proposed BOD composite indicator, relative to models using equal weight restrictions or weights estimated via principal component analysis. The county competitiveness index is a valuable tool to monitor counties’ competitive level, and the findings underline that an analysis based on the BOD approach may offer useful information to policy makers on what strategic actions may potentially optimize the allocation of local resources and, subsequently, enhance economic outcomes (i.e., business creation and employment)., Peer Reviewed, Preprint