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"Proceedings of International Conference on Studies in Education and Social Sciences" includes full papers presented at the International Conference on Studies in Education and Social Sciences (ICSES) which took place on November 11-14, 2021 in Antalya, Turkey. The aim of the conference is to offer opportunities to share ideas, to discuss theoretical and practical issues and to connect with the leaders in the fields of education and social sciences. The conference is organized annually by the International Society for Technology, Education, and Science (ISTES). The ICSES invites submissions which address the theory, research or applications in all disciplines of education and social sciences. The ICSES is organized for: faculty members in all disciplines of education and social sciences, graduate students, K-12 administrators, teachers, principals and all interested in education and social sciences. After peer-reviewing process, all full papers are published in the Conference Proceedings.

We integrated science, mathematics, and literacy through engineering design in professional development with 24 in-service middle school math and science teachers in rural Appalachia. Participants experienced engineering design as learners, developed lesson plans utilizing engineering design, and received pedagogical and content coaching. Participants valued being active participants in learning, collaborating with peers around the work of teaching, focusing on integrating content across subjects and students' learning of that content, and the sustained nature of TESAL where professional development was fully relevant and supportive to their work as classroom teachers. These strengths align directly with best practices for professional development and for overcoming the challenges of professional development specifically on math-science integration and engineering design instruction.

The IADIS CELDA 2012 Conference intention was to address the main issues concerned with evolving learning processes and supporting pedagogies and applications in the digital age. There had been advances in both cognitive psychology and computing that have affected the educational arena. The convergence of these two disciplines is increasing at a fast pace and affecting academia and professional practice in many ways. Paradigms such as just-in-time learning, constructivism, student-centered learning and collaborative approaches have emerged and are being supported by technological advancements such as simulations, virtual reality and multi-agents systems. These developments have created both opportunities and areas of serious concerns. This conference aimed to cover both technological as well as pedagogical issues related to these developments. The IADIS CELDA 2012 Conference received 98 submissions from more than 24 countries. Out of the papers submitted, 29 were accepted as full papers. In addition to the presentation of full papers, short papers and reflection papers, the conference also includes a keynote presentation from internationally distinguished researchers. Individual papers contain figures, tables, and references.

Background: Multiple national-level reports have indicated the need for engineers to take more prominent leadership roles to better-inform complex policy decisions. Engineering faculty are tasked to develop a basic level of leadership knowledge within undergraduate engineering students that can then be applied increasingly throughout their careers. Recent engineering leadership literature, however suggests that an adequate model of how engineers lead does not exist and that engineers find the traditional, vertical conceptualizations incompatible with the collaborative nature of engineering practice. Several studies indicate that a shared leadership model may be more appropriate than the historically vertical leadership conceptualization for knowledge work similar to that found in student design teams. Purpose/Hypothesis: This study examines the extent to which the Full Range of Leadership is shared within undergraduate, senior-level engineering capstone design teams and classifies teams based on their level of leadership sharedness. Design/Methods: This quantitative study examines round-robin (360-degree) student leadership ratings gathered from mechanical engineering capstone design team students using a 14-item subset of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Shared leadership is measured using social network analysis and operationalized as a combination of network decentralization and density across three forms of leadership related to the Full Range of Leadership model. Cluster analyses of decentralization and density measures groups the design teams into a shared leadership classification system. Results: Results suggest that leadership, on average, is more shared than centralized within capstone design teams. The amount of leadership varies across the three forms examined, in alignment with previous studies of the Full Range of Leadership model for student teams in other contexts. Classification results show that measures of shared leadership create dichotomous groupings of teams, facilitating a quadrant classification of shared leadership. Conclusions: This study corroborates previous engineering teamwork research that encourages the conceptualization of leadership as shared within engineering student design teams. To allow students to relate their design work experiences to concepts of leadership, shared leadership models may be more consistent than historical, vertical models. The results develop a taxonomy of how engineers lead within their design teams accounting for forms of leadership and levels of leadership sharing.

The first half of a Biomedical Engineering course at Texas A&M University is devoted to group projects that require design planning and a search of the literature. The second half requires each student to individually prepare a research proposal and conduct a research project. (MLH)

This paper showcases student's work on a papertube structure. An attempt was made to analyze and design the small scale structure and its failure mechanism was monitored. The paper presents the analysis done for the structure, its failure pattern and the key learning from the exercise. It concludes with suggestions to successfully construct such a structure. Arches being the fundamental element of the designed structure are analyzed under various geometrical and design conditions and compared in terms of reaction forces and bending moment diagrams, based upon which section requirement was decided. Strength parameters of papertube were compared to other organic materials and a concise study on construction methodology and design techniques of existing papertube structures was carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to ease the designing of mechanical spring, reduce calculation time, and improve accuracy and optimization in design using a Knowledge-based Engineering approach. The Application programming interface (API) was programmed using Java on the NetBeans IDE, which provides a variety of tools to build applications. Several standard reference books, research papers, and links were studied to finalize the formulae and factors like materials of the springs. The design for a user-friendly Graphic User Interface (GUI) was made considering the input and output values. To examine the API, we tested it with some numerical problem statements for each spring. From the results obtained, it was observed to have 0 to 3% of the error, when compared with manual calculations. The objectives of the calculator were achieved as the time of calculations was reduced by 95%. Other aims of accuracy and efficiency desired were fulfilled too. As a result of all this, the overall cost, errors, and complexities of mechanical components design are also reduced. The findings prove that this API can be a quick and efficient method to choose the spring of desired requirements for spring manufacturers and designers as it enhances design assistance. The API aids Design Automation and CAD Customization. The API calculator displays if the designed spring is safe and if a guide is required. The user can choose materials and can customize the calculator as required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Value Engineering is a target and requirement for US construction projects abroad. According to the 2015 United States Government Accountability Office (GAO), "The U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) require value engineering for all construction projects". (Spero, 2016, p.17) Value engineering is an important aspect for projects in Afghanistan. The lack of value engineering on projects in Afghanistan causes delays and raises cost on these projects. The construction projects in Kabul, Afghanistan were lacking value engineering. The value engineering management effort is governed by the Office of Overseas Building Operations (OBO). It is their duty to ensure value engineering is implemented during all stages of the construction: planning, design, and post construction. Cost savings can be ensured only if more focus is given to value engineering during the planning, design, and post construction phases. This paper discussed how value engineering is lacked on US government construction projects in Afghanistan. The paper underlined that the US government should focus on the steps to value engineering and its proper implementation. After white papers, interviews, and official US government reports were analyzed to thoroughly assess the value engineering practices on the construction projects in Afghanistan, quantified findings were provided along with the recommendations to mitigate the lack of value engineering practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The execution of the Capstone project at Virginia Commonwealth University's School of Engineering is one of the most intense educational experiences for the student teams and their instructors/mentors. For many students, it is the first time they work one on one with a professor and the first time their entire grade relies on their performance on one project that is executed over such a long period of time. In addition, for many, it is the first time their performance on a team is directly observed and evaluated for aspects such as teamwork, personal contribution and ability to sustain a long-term, congenial relationship with each other and with their professor. To be successful, students need to develop the characteristics of a life-long learner, develop project planning and team dynamics coping mechanisms, combine and apply problem solving skills, and strike the balance between demonstrating independent thinking and exhibiting what the fivefactor model (FFM) calls the "agreeableness" trait [1] [2] [3]. For the professor, very often there is little control over the team composition and no guarantee that the team will be able to sustain good work habits and healthy team dynamics for the entirety of the experience. At our institution, the projects culminate in a Capstone Expo that is attended by an audience ranging in skill sets and interests from Middle and High School students to industry partners, industry experts, engineering students and faculty and students from around the university. This paper will cover all the above aspects of the Capstone experience up to and including preparing the team for the Expo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project consists in the set up and preparation of an educational laboratory where the study and implementation of all the techniques and methodologies of Style Design Engineering (SDE) method were fitted. The SDE method, represents a design methodology widely used in the industrial field that proved to add value in the quality of project outcomes. Through numerous previous scientific exercises published and the various projects carried out, the effectiveness of this methodology demonstrated to lead to higher quality project results in the automotive field. It is therefore necessary for the department to have spaces for the exclusive use of this activity, structured in such a way as to be equipped for the training and support of the various students who want to try their skills on car design projects within their final graduation projects. The various phases that make up this activity from a theoretical point of view will then be analyzed and deconstructed to understand which material support they need for their complete realization throughout the process. Implementation of innovative technologies such as AR/VR and 3D printing will be explored to reach the best possible result in the student's works. In this way, during and after the renovation phases, we were able to achieve an overall increase in the quality of student work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]