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Chiral quantum dots (QDs) are promising materials applied in many areas, such as chiral molecular recognition and spin selective filter for charge transport, and can be prepared by facile ligand exchange approaches. However, ligand exchange leads to an increase in surface defects and reduces the efficiencies of radiative recombination and charge transport, which restricts further applications. Here, we investigate the light-induced photoluminescence (PL) enhancement in chiral L- and D-cysteine CdSe QD thin films, providing a strategy to increase the PL. The PL intensity of chiral CdSe QD films can be significantly enhanced over 100 times by continuous UV laser irradiation, indicating a strong passivation of surface defects upon laser irradiation. From the comparative measurements of the PL intensity evolutions in vacuum, dry oxygen, air, and humid nitrogen atmospheres, we conclude that the mechanism of PL enhancement is photo-induced surface passivation with the assistance of water molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel H2O2-responsive carbon monoxide nanogenerator was designed by effectively encapsulating a manganese carbonyl prodrug into porphyrinic covalent organic polymers for realizing the combined CO gas and photodynamic therapy under near infrared light irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: The plant cuticle is composed of cuticular wax and cutin polymers and plays an essential role in plant tolerance to diverse abiotic and biotic stresses. Several stresses, including water deficit and salinity, regulate the synthesis of cuticular wax and cutin monomers. However, the effect of wounding on wax and cutin monomer production and the associated molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we determined that the accumulation of wax and cutin monomers in Arabidopsis leaves is positively regulated by wounding primarily through the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway. Moreover, we observed that a wound‐ and JA‐responsive gene (CYP96A4) encoding an ER‐localized cytochrome P450 enzyme was highly expressed in leaves. Further analyses indicated that wound‐induced wax and cutin monomer production was severely inhibited in the cyp96a4 mutant. Furthermore, CYP96A4 interacted with CER1 and CER3, the core enzymes in the alkane‐forming pathway associated with wax biosynthesis, and modulated CER3 activity to influence aldehyde production in wax synthesis. In addition, transcripts of MYC2 and JAZ1, key genes in JA signaling pathway, were significantly reduced in cyp96a4 mutant. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that CYP96A4 functions as a cofactor of the alkane synthesis complex or participates in JA signaling pathway that contributes to cuticular wax biosynthesis and cutin monomer formation in response to wounding. Significance Statement: Plant cuticle is a lipidic barrier composed of cuticular wax and cutin polymers. Cuticle plays a critical role in protecting plants from various biotic and abiotic stresses. Wounds due to mechanical damage or insect feeding are common and are potentially harmful to plants. However, the effect of wounding on plant cuticular wax and cutin monomer biosynthesis remains unclear. In our study, the findings present the validation that the Arabidopsis cuticle development was positively regulated by wounding mainly through the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway. We also characterized the wound‐ and JA‐responsive gene CYP96A4, which is required for wound‐ and JA‐induced synthesis of cuticular wax and cutin monomer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Persistent nasal carriage has been associated with Staphylococcus aureus infection. Previous S. aureus studies in Asia have primarily focused on clinical patients, providing limited information on persistent nasal carriage among the general adult population. Methods: This study examined 143 healthy adults in a community in Jiangsu, China. Nasal swab samples were collected 10 times. The colonization status was identified using SPA typing. We also determined antimicrobial susceptibility, genotype, and genomic characteristics of S. aureus. Results: The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage among the community individuals was on average 16.78%. The carriage rates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus and multidrug-resistant S. aureus were 6.29% and 7.69%, respectively. We identified 8.39% persistent carriers, 39.16% intermittent carriers, and 52.45% noncarriers. Furthermore, family members displayed concordance in terms of genotype and genomic characteristics. Conclusion: Persistent nasal sampling captured intermittent carriers that were missed during short-term sampling, thus highlighting the necessity for regular community testing. SPA typing can serve as a rapid method for determining S. aureus colonization. The potential for intrafamilial transmission of S. aureus is evident, with persistent carriers being the most probable source of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Prolonged use of medical masks has increased skin‐related issues. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of a facial cream and facial mask in mitigating medical mask related skin symptoms. Methods: Healthy women were randomly assigned to apply a facial cream (n = 32) or a facial mask plus a facial cream (n = 32) on half‐faces after wearing medical masks for 4 h (Tb). Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), dryness score, and redness area were assessed at Tb and 10 min after using the cream (T1) in the facial cream group, and at Tb, 1 h after using the facial mask (T2), and 10 min after using the cream (T3) in the combined use group. Results: In the facial cream group, the treated half‐face showed significantly better improvements from Tb to T1 in TEWL (−2.95 ± 0.38 vs. −0.68 ± 0.35 g/h·cm2, p < 0.001) and skin dryness score (−1.00 ± 0.12 vs. 0.00 ± 0.00, p < 0.001). In the combined use group, the treated half‐face showed significantly better improvements from Tb to T2 and T3 in TEWL (T2, −3.46 ± 0.33 vs. −0.09 ± 0.13 g/h·cm2; T3, −4.67 ± 0.31 vs. −0.28 ± 0.22 g/h·cm2) and skin dryness score (T2, −0.63 ± 0.13 vs. 0.03 ± 0.03; T3, −0.94 ± 0.17 vs. 0.19 ± 0.07) (all p < 0.001) then the untreated half‐face. The combined use group had significantly lower TEWL at T3 than T2 (p < 0.05). The reduction in redness area was similar between the treated and untreated half‐faces in both groups. Conclusions: The test facial cream and mask significantly improved skin barrier function and alleviated dryness symptoms associated with medical mask use, with the combined use offering superior benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis study explores the role of teachers’ social support in students’ emotional and cognitive presences in online learning. Two-hundred and seventy-one Chinese university students were surveyed with an online questionnaire on their perceived social support, emotional presence, and cognitive presence. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyze the role of teachers’ social support in students’ emotional and cognitive presences. Results demonstrate that the two indicators of teachers’ social support (i.e., emotional support and reflective support) accounted for 59.2% of students’ emotional presence and 78.2% of cognitive presence. Specifically, reflective support demonstrated significant positive correlations with emotional and cognitive presences. Teachers’ emotional support demonstrated a positive correlation with emotional presence. Additionally, emotional presence had significantly positive correlations with cognitive presence. Results indicate that reflective and emotional support play essential roles in students’ online learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In cation–anion co-doping, rare earth elements excel at regulating the electronic structure of perovskites, leading to their improved photocatalytic performance. In this regard, the impact of co-doping rare earth elements at the Ba and Ti sites in BaTiO3 on its electronic and photocatalytic properties was thoroughly investigated based on 2 × 2 × 2 supercell structures of BaTiO3 with different La concentrations of 12.5% and 25% using DFT calculations. The band structure, density of states, charge density difference, optical properties, and the redox band edge of the co-doped models mentioned above were analyzed. The results indicated that the BaTiO3 structure co-doped with 25% La at the Ti site exhibited higher absorption in the visible range and displayed a remarkable photocatalytic water-splitting performance. The introduced La dopant at the Ti site effectively reduced the energy required for electronic transitions by introducing intermediate energy levels within the bandgap. Our calculations and findings of this study provide theoretical support and reliable predictions for the exploration of BaTiO3 perovskites with superior photocatalytic performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) technology is widely used in integrated radar and communication systems (IRCSs). Moreover, index modulation (IM) is a reliable OFDM transmission scheme in the field of communication, which transmits information by arranging several distinguishable constellations. In this paper, we propose a sparse reconstruction-based joint signal processing scheme for integrated MIMO-OFDM-IM systems. Combining the advantages of MIMO and OFDM-IM technologies, the integrated MIMO-OFDM-IM signal design is realized through the reasonable allocation of bits and subcarriers, resulting in better intercarrier interference (ICI) resistance and a higher transmission efficiency. Taking advantage of the sparseness of OFDM-IM, an improved target parameter estimation method based on sparse signal reconstruction is explored to eliminate the influence of empty subcarriers on the matched filtering at the receiver side. In addition, an improved sequential Monte Carlo signal detection method is introduced to realize the efficient detection of communication signals. The simulation results show that the proposed integrated system is 5 dB lower in the peak sidelobe ratio (PSLR) and 1.5 × 10 5 lower in the number of complex multiplications than the latest MIMO-OFDM system and can achieve almost the same parameter estimation performance. With the same spectral efficiency, it has a lower bit error rate (BER) than existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRUCTBackgroundMethodsResultsConclusionsHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to play a substantial role in cancer-related morbidity and mortality, largely owing to its pronounced tumor heterogeneity and propensity for recurrence. This underscores the pressing need for in-depth examination of its highly malignant mechanisms. Annexin A5 (ANXA5), recognized as a hallmark tumor protein, has emerged as a focal point of interest because of its ambiguous function and mechanism in HCC prognosis. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of ANXA5 in the malignant progression of human HCC cells by employing an integrative approach that combines conventional experimental methods with RNA sequencing.Differences in ANXA5 expression between HCC tissues and corresponding nontumor tissues were evaluated using immunofluorescence (n = 25). Correlation analysis was subsequently performed to assess the association between ANXA5 expression and clinicopathological features (n = 65). The role of ANXA5 in human HCC cell lines with ANXA5 gene knockout and overexpression was explored in vitro using migration and invasion assays and Ki-67 indices and in vivo based on node mice xenograft model. A tube formation assay using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was conducted to demonstrate the angiogenic effects of ANXA5 in HCC. Single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing was used to further investigate the underlying mechanisms involved.This study revealed that ANXA5 is highly expressed in patients with HCC and correlates with poor prognosis. Assays for migration, invasion, and proliferation based on ANXA5 gene knockout and overexpression systems in human HCC cell lines have demonstrated that ANXA5 enhances HCC malignancy in vitro and in vivo. Tube formation assays of HUVECs indicated that ANXA5 facilitates angiogenesis and recruits endothelial cells to HCC cells. Single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data analysis further confirmed that ANXA5 expression in HCC is associated with hepatocyte metabolism, immune response activation, and various oncogenic signaling pathways.This study revealed a meaningful association between elevated ANXA5 expression in tumor tissues and an unfavorable prognosis in patients with HCC. In addition, ANXA5 promotes HCC malignancy by promoting invasion and angiogenesis. Thus, ANXA5 has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for HCC and has the potential to improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to compare surgical outcomes, clinical outcomes, and complications between minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS TLIF) and midline lumbar interbody fusion (MIDLIF) in patients with spondylolisthesis. Methods: This study retrospectively compared the patients who underwent MIS TLIF (n = 37) or MIDLIF (n = 50) for spinal spondylolisthesis. Data of surgical outcomes (postoperative one-year fusion rate and time to bony fusion), clinical outcomes (visual analog scale [VAS] for pain and Oswestry Disability Index [ODI] for spine function), and complications were collected and analyzed. Results: There was more 2-level fusion in MIDLIF (46% vs. 24.3%, p = 0.038). The MIS TLIF and MIDLIF groups had similar one-year fusion rate and time to fusion. The MIDLIF group had significantly lower VAS at postoperative 3-months (2.2 vs. 3.1, p = 0.002) and postoperative 1-year (1.1 vs. 2.1, p = < 0.001). ODI was not significantly different. The operation time was shorter in MIDLIF (166.1 min vs. 196.2 min, p = 0.014). The facet joint violation is higher in MIS TLIF (21.6% vs. 2%, p = 0.009). The other complications were not significantly different including rate of implant removal, revision, and adjacent segment disease. Conclusion: In this study, postoperative VAS, operation time, and the rate of facet joint violation were significantly higher in the MIS TLIF group. Comparable outcomes were observed between MIDLIF and MIS TLIF in terms of fusion rate, time to fusion, and postoperative ODI score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid and effective hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) detection is vital to ensure safety in industrial environments, where it is a common toxic gas. This study utilized Zn-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as precursors to prepare hollow nanocage structure-like CuO/ZnO sensors. By optimizing the ratio of CuO to ZnO, the resulting CuO/ZnO nanomaterials demonstrated ultra-high sensitivity and a swift response to low H 2 S concentrations. The experimental results show that, thanks to its unique nanocage structure and abundant active sites on the surface, the sensor responds up to 3423 to 10 ppm H 2 S with a response time of only 10 s. In addition, the sensor exhibits good stability, selectivity and low lower detection limit at a low operating temperature of 115 °C, and the lower limit of detection for H 2 S reaches 100 ppb (3.04). Furthermore, the examination of the gas-sensing mechanism exposed the collaboration of CuO/ZnO nanocages in gas adsorption and electron transportation. Remarkably, the generation of p-n heterostructures greatly enhanced the sensitivity and selectivity towards H 2 S , while providing a model for constructing and producing high-performance and enduring sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthy livers contain 80% of body resident macrophages known as Kupffer cells. In diseased livers, the number of Kupffer cells usually drops but is compensated by infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages, some of which can differentiate into Kupffer-like cells. Early studies suggest that Kupffer cells play important roles in both promoting liver injury and liver regeneration. Yet, the distinction between the functionalities of resident and infiltrating macrophages is not always made. By using more specific macrophage markers and targeted cell depletion and single-cell RNA sequencing, recent studies revealed several subsets of monocyte-derived macrophages that play important functions in inducing liver damage and inflammation as well as in liver repair and regeneration. In this review, we discuss the different roles that hepatic macrophages play in promoting necrotic liver lesion resolution and dead cell clearance, as well as the targeting of these cells as potential tools for the development of novel therapies for acute liver failure and acute-on-chronic liver failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present research is to study the impact of innovative educational strategies of vocal training on the development of creativity and motivation among students. The present study builds on an empirical approach. It involved 86 first-year undergraduate students in the Department of solo singing, Institute of Music, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China. It is significant to mention that the students were chosen randomly. The study covers the period of an academic semester. The study participants underwent training using innovative pedagogical methods of personality-oriented learning. This approach aims at developing creative abilities, creativity, and motivation among students. It is worth noting that this approach contained a psychophysiological component. The present research presupposed using the following psychodiagnostic methods: "Questionnaire of Formal-Dynamic Properties of Individuality" (QFDPI) by Rusalov; "BFQ-2. Big Five Questionnaire" (Caprara, Barbaranelli, Borgogni, and Vecchione); "Motivation of professional activity" (Zamfir, modifications by Rean); "Research of Creative Imagination." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the interaction of accumulated charges on the surface of a test mass with the surrounding electric and magnetic fields, the performance of inertial sensors is affected, necessitating charge management for the test mass. Discharge technology based on Ultraviolet LEDs is internationally recognized as the optimal solution for charge management. Precision driving of Ultraviolet LEDs is considered a key technology in charge management. This paper presents the driving control system used for Ultraviolet LEDs, achieving precision pulse-width-modulation-type current output with controllable pulse width and amplitude. The system generates the pulse-width-controllable pulse voltage signal via analog pulse-width modulation, and subsequently regulates the amplitude of the PWM signal through range switching. To convert the voltage into the pulse-width-modulation-type driving current, the improved Howland current source is employed. The test results demonstrate that the driving control system can output controllable current in the range of 0.01 mA to 10 mA, with a minimum step of 0.01 mA. The accuracy of the current reaches 1%, the stability within 1 h is better than 1%, and the load regulation is better than 2%. The driving control system provides an important reference for the integration of charge management system and the precision drive control method for LEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change may have diverse and complex impacts on species interactions, destabilizing food webs and ecosystem services. The effects of warming on the top‐down biological control of crop pests have been considerably less studied than bottom‐up effects through crop physiological changes.We studied the effect of a 2°C warming in the laboratory and in wheat fields on the predation and metabolism of Harmonia axyridis on wheat aphids using molecular gut content analysis. We also measured the effects of warming on the predation rate and functional response of H. axyridis on each aphid species in the laboratory, as well as on DNA degradation rate.Field densities of Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi, the two most abundant wheat aphid species, were increased by 2 and 2.5 times, respectively, under experimental warming, but densities of H. axyridis were not. Field predation rate of H. axyridis on these two aphid was found to be about 25% lower under elevated temperature. This could have been due to faster prey digestion, since degradation of the preferred aphid species, Sitobion avenae, was 1.5 times faster under elevated temperature. However, the functional response of H. axyridis larvae on these two species was 1.5 times higher under warming over the range of prey densities tested (50–250 over 24 h). The total predation rate of H. axyridis larvae on a mixture of S. avenae, R. padi and Schizaphis graminum aphid prey was also increased by 1.4 times, but consumption of R. padi aphids was increased while that of S. graminum was decreased under warming.Overall, our results show that global warming could strongly increase pest outbreaks and destabilize biological pest control, which would likely result in accrued yield losses. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticles can be adsorbed at the gas-liquid interface to improve the stability of foam. However, homogeneous nanoparticles exhibit low surface activity, and their migration to the gas-liquid interface requires significant energy input. This leads to harsh foaming conditions and severely limits the application of homogeneous nanoparticles in foam stability. A microfluidic visualisation model for the study of Janus nanoparticle complex systems was used to investigate the formation behaviour of trapped bubbles in a single connected pore-throat model. The foam generated in the pore showed reduced quantities, sizes, improved quality, and enhanced stability compared to both surfactant systems and hydrophilic nanoparticle complex systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Executive function (EF) plays a crucial role in children's reading. However, previous studies were based on offline products of reading comprehension. Online research is needed to reveal the core mechanisms underlying children's reading processing. By measuring children's working memory (WM) and cognitive flexibility (CF), we investigated whether individual differences in EF could modulate sentence processing and, if so, how they exert their roles. Methods: The present study manipulated semantic congruency and the association between crucial words in a sentence. We recruited 89 Chinese children aged 9–12 years and monitored their eye movement. Results: The study revealed distinct associations between reader‐ and text‐related characteristics, as evidenced by eye‐movement patterns during reading. A significant incongruency effect was observed in reading, underscoring the children's capacity to discern incongruent information. Children's WM and CF were found to modulate this process. Specifically, high‐WM children showed more effective integration of incongruent information when the textual context was closely related during the later‐stage processing. In contrast, low‐WM children faced more challenges with incongruent words. Additionally, CF was influential during the early processing period. High‐CF children exhibited longer early‐stage reading times for incongruent words in associated contexts. Conclusions: Individual differences in EF can modulate children's online sentence processing. However, different EF components may play different roles. Highlights: What is already known about this topicA positive association exists between children's EF and reading, which often relies on offline products of reading comprehension.In children's sentence processing, sentence congruency and word association are the text features that require specific attention.The few studies investigating whether individual differences in EF modulate the processing of sentence congruency and word association have almost exclusively involved adults. What this paper addsChildren exhibit longer reading times for incongruent words, highlighting the cognitive demand of incongruencies.WM plays a modulatory role during the later stages of sentence processing.CF influences children's reading during the early processing period. Implications for theory, policy or practiceEF is a crucial cognitive basis that supports children's reading processing.WM and CF can underlie learning differences, especially when the focus of reading instruction switches from 'learning to read' to 'reading to learn'.Reading interventions that support reading‐related WM and CF may be especially beneficial for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deubiquitinating enzyme 26S proteasome non‐ATPase regulatory subunit 14 (PSMD14), a member of the JAB1/MPN/Mov34 metalloenzyme (JAMM) family, has been shown to function as an oncogene in various human cancers. However, the function of PSMD14 in glioma and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. In this study, our findings reveal a dramatic upregulation of PSMD14 in GBMs, which is associated with poor survival outcomes. Knocking down PSMD14 is associated with decreased proliferation and invasion of GBM cells in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Mechanistically, PSMD14 directly interacts with β‐catenin, leading to a decrease in the K48‐linked ubiquitination of β‐catenin and subsequent β‐catenin stabilization. Increased β‐catenin expression significantly reverses the inhibitory effects of PSMD14 knockdown on the migration, invasion, and tumor growth of GBM cells. Moreover, we observed a significant correlation between PSMD14 and β‐catenin expression in human GBM samples. In summary, our results reveal that PSMD14 is a crucial deubiquitinase that is responsible for stabilizing the β‐catenin protein, highlighting its potential for use as a therapeutic target for GBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the change trends in incidence and leading factors to peripartum hysterectomy (PH) at a regional tertiary medical center in northeast China. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of all PH cases conducted at Shengjing Hospital between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2021. Information on maternal characteristics of pregnancy and delivery, indications of PH, inventions before hysterectomy, complications, and maternal and neonatal outcomes obtained from the Shengjing Hospital Information System were analyzed. Results: Among a total of 157 553 deliveries, there were 127 cases of PH (overall PH incidence: 0.85/1000 deliveries); 120 patients (94.49%) underwent hysterectomy after cesarean section, and seven (5.51%) underwent vaginal delivery (P < 0.001). Abnormal placentation was the leading indication for PH (101, 79.53%), including placenta previa (PP) with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) (93, 73.23%), PP alone (5, 3.94%), and PAS alone (3, 2.36%). Among the patients who underwent PH with abnormal placentation, 92.08% had at least one cesarean section (P < 0.001) and 20.19% had bladder injury (P = 0.044). All maternal deaths (n = 2) occurred in referral patients, and the maternal mortality rate was 1.57/100 hysterectomies. Conclusion: Abnormal placentation was the primary indication for PH. For such patients, adequate assessment of their condition and complete communication are strongly recommended. The identification of high‐risk groups for postpartum hemorrhage, timely and effective rescue, and referral are equally important for avoiding PH. Synopsis: Abnormal placentation is the primary indication for peripartum hysterectomy. Prenatal prevention, intrapartum monitoring, and timely control of postpartum hemorrhage are important in peripartum hysterectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Widely distributed chair-shaped landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) have caused significant economic damage and loss of life globally. Present studies have an over-reliance on individual case reviews, resulting in circumscribed conclusions. Furthermore, the classification criteria for chair-shaped landslides diverge across various researchers. This manuscript, therefore, systematically studies 160 chair-shaped landslides, providing a comprehensive analysis of their unique characteristics. The study then pivots to focus on a prototypical instance, the Jiuxianping landslide, to probe the landslide’s stability across diverse conditions, thereby discussing the type of chair-shaped landslide. The outcomes suggest that the type of chair-shaped landslides (seepage-induced or buoyancy-induced landslides) may interconvert due to varying parameters such as dip angle (β), permeability coefficient (K), reservoir water fluctuation rate (V), and the fluctuation range of the reservoir (S’). These parameters, which differ for each chair-shaped landslide, lead to varying findings among different scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A kite is a complete graph on four vertices with one edge removed. It is proved that every planar graph without a kite as subgraph can be partitioned into two induced forests. This resolves a conjecture of Raspaud and Wang in 2008. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide has been recognized as a major global public health issue. Depressed adolescents are more prone to experiencing it. We explore risk factors and their differences on suicidal ideation and suicide attempts to further enhance our understanding of suicidal behavior. 2343 depressed adolescents aged 12–18 from 9 provinces/cities in China participated in this cross-sectional study. We utilized decision tree model, incorporating 32 factors encompassing participants' suicidal behavior. The feature importance of each factor was measured using Gini coefficients. The decision tree model demonstrated a good fit with high accuracy (SI = 0.86, SA = 0.85 and F-Score (SI = 0.85, SA = 0.83). The predictive importance of each factor varied between groups with suicidal ideation and with suicide attempts. The most significant risk factor in both groups was depression (SI = 16.7 %, SA = 19.8 %). However, factors such as academic stress (SI = 7.2 %, SA = 1.6 %), hopelessness (SI = 9.1 %, SA = 5.0 %), and age (SI = 7.1 %, SA = 3.2 %) were more closely associated with suicidal ideation than suicide attempts. Factors related to the schooling status (SI = 3.5 %, SA = 10.1 %), total years of education (SI = 2.6 %, SA = 8.6 %), and loneliness (SI = 2.3 %, SA = 7.4 %) were relatively more important in the suicide attempt stage compared to suicidal ideation. The cross-sectional design limited the ability to capture changes in suicidal behavior among depressed adolescents over time. Possible bias may exist in the measurement of suicidal ideation. The relative importance of each risk factor for suicidal ideation and attempted suicide varies. These findings provide further empirical evidence for understanding suicide behavior. Targeted treatment measures should be taken for different stages of suicide in clinical interventions. • Factors associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts share both similarities and differences. • Severity of depression is the most important risk factor for both suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. • Academic stress, level of hopelessness, and age, have a more pronounced relation with the occurrence of suicidal ideation. • Schooling status, total years of education, and level of loneliness exert a stronger association with suicide attempts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

0.3 mm‐thick grain‐oriented silicon steel sheets with varying Y contents are produced via twin‐roll strip‐casting and two‐stage cold rolling process. This study primarily investigates the evolution of microstructure, texture, and precipitation along the processing. Specifically, the effect of rare earth Y on second‐phase particle precipitation in ultralow carbon grain‐oriented silicon steel is examined. Results indicate that higher Y content will consume beneficial inhibitor elements such as S and N, leading to the formation of coarse rare earth inclusions (≈10 μm) in the cast strip. This significantly diminishes inhibition ability and magnetic induction (B8 = 1.58 T≈1.71 T). On the contrary, the addition of trace Y can accelerate the precipitation of inhibitors. During the intermediate annealing stage, steel with trace Y exhibits a significant enhancement in precipitate distribution density (from 2.8 μm−2 to 13.6 μm−2), and the final magnetic induction B8 increases from 1.86 T to 1.91 T compared to steel without Y. In addition, the results of first‐principle calculations based on density functional theory reveal that the doped Y atom prefers to segregate at the Al–N interface, and the interface energy reduces from 1.871 J m−2 to 1.024 J m−2, thereby promoting the precipitation of AlN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objective Methods Results Conclusions Psychosocial function of Chinese temporomandibular disorders (TMD) pain patients and the correlation with somatosensory function has not been sufficiently studied.The study aims at assessing the psychosocial function of Chinese TMD pain patients by visualisation method and evaluating the correlations with somatosensory function quantitatively.The Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL‐90) questionnaire and standardised quantitative sensory testing (QST) were administered to 70 Chinese TMD pain patients and age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls (HCs). Of these, 40 TMD arthralgia patients received QST before and after medication. Psychosocial and somatosensory parameters were transformed into standardised scores. Differences within groups were assessed through t tests. Correlations between psychosocial and somatosensory profiles were explored through correlation analyses with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.100% of the Chinese TMD pain patients exhibited psychosocial distress in contrast to HCs. Anger and hostility showed negative correlation with the thermal nonnociceptive parameter (thermal sensory limen, p =.002) and nociceptive parameters (cold pain threshold and pain pressure threshold, p<.001). Correlation analysis indicated that cold detection threshold was negatively correlated with somatization and mechanical pain sensitivity had a negative correlation with anger and hostility through medical treatment (p <.001).Visual psychosocial profiles provided an easy overview of psychosocial function in Chinese TMD pain patients. Anger and hostility was associated with increased thermal nonnociceptive and nociceptive sensitivity to stimuli. Psychosocial distress might be negatively associated with TMD treatment response which indicated a possible need for psychological intervention during treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case study investigates the reading processes of two bilingual teachers who speak English as a second language and use different first languages—Mandarin Chinese and Korean. The two participants read researcher‐selected digital texts in English and in their respective first language, retold the texts, and answered comprehension questions about the texts. Their reading aloud and eye movements were recorded for miscue and eye movement analysis. Using Eye Movement Miscue Analysis, the findings showcase the distinctive characteristics of their first‐language and second‐language reading processes. The cross‐linguistic comparison between bilingual reading processes further shows the bilingual participants' similarities and differences in terms of the use of language systems, eye movements, language variations, and image use. This study supports the understanding of non‐Roman alphabetical language speakers' reading process, adds to our understanding of the bilingual reading process, and provides teaching and research implications for bilingual teachers and educators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Functionally uncharacterized genes are an attractive repository to explore candidate oncogenes. It is demonstrated that C21orf58 displays an oncogenic role in promoting cell growth, tumorigenesis and sorafenib resistance of HCC cells by abnormal activation of STAT3 signaling. Mechanistically, a novel manner to regulate STAT3 signaling that adaptor C21orf58 forms a ternary complex is reveal with N‐terminal domain of STAT3 and SH2 domain of JAK2, by which C21orf58 overactivates wild‐type STAT3 by facilitating its phosphorylation mediated by JAK2, and hyper‐activates of constitutively mutated STAT3 due to preferred binding with C21orf58 and JAK2. Moreover, it is validated that inhibition of C21orf58 with drug alminoprofen, selected by virtual screening, could effectively repress the viability and tumorigenesis of HCC cells. Therefore, it is identified that C21orf58 functions as an oncogenic adaptor, reveal a novel regulatory mechanism of JAK2/STAT3 signaling, explain the cause of abnormal activity of activated mutants of STAT3, and explore the attractive therapeutic potential by targeting C21orf58 in HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital light processing (DLP) provides a promising avenue for constructing ceramic parts with high precision and complex shapes, yet the inherent brittleness and strength‐toughness trade‐off hinder their wide applications. Here, according to DLP 3D printing, the textured alumina ceramic components with horizontally aligned textured microstructure were successfully created by adding anisotropically shaped platelets. As a critical process in the preparation of textured ceramics, the alumina platelets were aligned horizontally during printing by using the special shear fields and forming capabilities of DLP technology. The shrinkage, density, microstructure, mechanical performance, and damage‐tolerance behavior of alumina parts with different platelet concentrations were examined, and the toughening mechanisms were investigated. The strength and toughness of ceramics with 5 vol.% platelet addition are increased by 22% and 43%, respectively, as compared with those without platelets. The improved damage tolerance capabilities were primarily ascribed to the collaborative toughening mechanisms stimulated by the platelet addition, including crack branching, crack deflection, uncracked‐ligament bridging, and platelet pull‐out, which increased the crack tortuosity and consumed more fracture energy. The strategy opens up new opportunities to design complex 3D ceramic geometries with bio‐inspired layered or textured architectures, providing optimized damage tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The supplementation of sperm culture media with serum is quite common, and improves both sperm survival and motility. However, the link between serum and sperm remains poorly understood. The present study is the first investigation of the effects on sperm quality and function of endogenous porcine serum exosomes in medium used for culturing boar sperm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that serum-derived exosomes from both castrated boars (cbsExos) and sows (ssExos) exhibited typical nanostructural morphology and expressed CD63, CD9, and Alix, as shown by Western blotting. At 17 °C, the progressive motility and membrane integrity of sperm were significantly increased after incubation of fresh boar semen for 7 days with cbsExos-4 (8 × 1010 particles/mL) or ssExos-16 (32 × 1010 particles/mL). Moreover, cbsExos-4 and ssExos-16 were found to be effective sperm additives, improving mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, total antioxidant activity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity while reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content following preservation at 17 °C after a 5-day incubation. Both fluorescence and SEM showed that the serum exosomes bound directly to the sperm membrane, suggesting an interaction that could influence sperm-zona pellucida binding. Overall, this study provides new insights into the potential benefits of adding cbsExos and ssExos to enhance the quality of boar sperm during ambient temperature preservation, which may lead to advancements in sperm preservation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During maternal‐to‐zygotic transition (MZT) in the embryo, mRNA undergoes complex post‐transcriptional regulatory processes. However, it is unclear whether and how alternative splicing plays a functional role in MZT. By analyzing transcriptome changes in mouse and human early embryos, dynamic changes in alternative splicing during MZT are observed and a previously unnoticed process of zygotic splicing activation (ZSA) following embryonic transcriptional activation is described. As the underlying mechanism of RNA splicing, splicing factors undergo dramatic maternal‐to‐zygotic conversion. This conversion relies on the key maternal factors BTG4 and PABPN1L and is zygotic‐transcription‐dependent. CDK11‐dependent phosphorylation of the key splicing factor, SF3B1, and its aggregation with SRSF2 in the subnuclear domains of 2‐cell embryos are prerequisites for ZSA. Isoforms generated by erroneous splicing, such as full‐length Dppa4, hinder normal embryonic development. Moreover, alternative splicing regulates the conversion of early embryonic blastomeres from totipotency to pluripotency, thereby affecting embryonic lineage differentiation. ZSA is an essential post‐transcriptional process of MZT and has physiological significance in generating new life. In addition to transcriptional activation, appropriate expression of transcript isoforms is also necessary for preimplantation embryonic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Therapeutic cancer vaccines fail to produce satisfactory outcomes against solid tumors since vaccine‐induced anti‐tumor immunity is significantly hampered by immunosuppression. Generating an in situ cancer vaccine targeting immunological cold tumor microenvironment (TME) appears attractive. Here, a type of free‐field based whole‐body ultrasound (US)‐driven nanovaccines are constructed, named G5‐CHC‐R, by conjugating the sonosensitizer, Chenghai chlorin (CHC) and the immunomodulator, resiquimod (R848) on top of a super small‐sized dendrimeric nanoscaffold. Once entering tumors, R848 can be cleaved from a hypoxia‐sensitive linker, thus modifying the TME via converting macrophage phenotypes. The animals bearing orthotopic pancreatic cancer with intestinal metastasis and breast cancer with lung metastasis are treated with G5‐CHC‐R under a free‐field based whole‐body US system. Benefit from the deep penetration capacity and highly spatiotemporal selectiveness, G5‐CHC‐R triggered by US represented a superior alternative for noninvasive irradiation of deep‐seated tumors and magnification of local immune responses via driving mass release of tumor antigens and "cold‐warm‐hot" three‐state transformation of TME. In addition to irradiating primary tumors, a robust adaptive anti‐tumor immunity is potentiated, leading to successful induction of systemic tumor suppression. The sono‐nanovaccines with good biocompatibility posed wide applicability to a broad spectrum of tumors, revealing immeasurable potential for translational research in oncology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmacotherapy provides an option for adults with overweight and obesity to reduce their bodyweight if lifestyle modifications fail. We summarised the latest evidence for the benefits and harms of weight-lowering drugs. This systematic review and network meta-analysis included searches of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) from inception to March 23, 2021, for randomised controlled trials of weight-lowering drugs in adults with overweight and obesity. We performed frequentist random-effect network meta-analyses to summarise the evidence and applied the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation frameworks to rate the certainty of evidence, calculate the absolute effects, categorise interventions, and present the findings. The study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD 42021245678. 14 605 citations were identified by our search, of which 132 eligible trials enrolled 48 209 participants. All drugs lowered bodyweight compared with lifestyle modification alone; all subsequent numbers refer to comparisons with lifestyle modification. High to moderate certainty evidence established phentermine–topiramate as the most effective in lowering weight (odds ratio [OR] of ≥5% weight reduction 8·02, 95% CI 5·24 to 12·27; mean difference [MD] of percentage bodyweight change −7·98, 95% CI −9·27 to −6·69) followed by GLP-1 receptor agonists (OR 6·33, 95% CI 5·00 to 8·00; MD −5·79, 95% CI −6·34 to −5·25). Naltrexone–bupropion (OR 2·69, 95% CI 2·10 to 3·44), phentermine–topiramate (2·40, 1·68 to 3·44), GLP-1 receptor agonists (2·22, 1·74 to 2·84), and orlistat (1·71, 1·42 to 2·05) were associated with increased adverse events leading to drug discontinuation. In a post-hoc analysis, semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, showed substantially larger benefits than other drugs with a similar risk of adverse events as other drugs for both likelihood of weight loss of 5% or more (OR 9·82, 95% CI 7·09 to 13·61) and percentage bodyweight change (MD −11·40, 95% CI −12·51 to −10·29). In adults with overweight and obesity, phentermine–topiramate and GLP-1 receptor agonists proved the best drugs in reducing weight; of the GLP-1 agonists, semaglutide might be the most effective. 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effects of a 12-week brisk walking exercise regimen on motor function improvements in elderly women. Twenty-six elderly women, aged 84.2 ± 3.2 years, participated in a 12-week brisk walking exercise program. Fitness assessments and blood biomarker analyses (including CHO, HDLC, LDLC, TC) were conducted pre- and post-intervention. Additionally, targeted metabolomics was employed to measure short-chain fatty acids, amino acids, and vitamin metabolites. The intervention led to significant enhancements in participants' flexibility (p < 0.05), lower limb muscle strength (p < 0.01), and cardiorespiratory endurance (p < 0.01), while muscle mass showed no significant changes. Fifteen significant differential metabolites were identified (VIP > 1.0, FC > 1.2 or < 0.8, and p < 0.05), with arginine, ornithine, aspartic acid, glutamine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and pantothenic acid playing key roles across seven metabolic pathways. A 12-week brisk walking exercise program significantly enhanced flexibility, lower limb muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory endurance among elderly women. These improvements did not extend to muscle mass or upper limb muscle strength. The observed enhancement in exercise capacity may be attributed to improved regulation of neurotransmitters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time-optimal orbital transfers with soft terminal conditions are studied in this work. First, a two-layer thrust continuation method is devised. The unfavorable thrust continuation path is handled by switching between different solution curves. Second, the proposed method is applied to solving time-optimal transfers under two- or three-body dynamics with Cartesian coordinates to verify its effectiveness. The near conservation of the product between the time of flight and the thrust level is observed for general orbital transfers. A linear variation of this quantity with eccentricity is also illustrated when the difference in eccentricity between the initial and terminal orbits is large enough. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shales of the Taiyuan Formation and Shanxi Formation in the North China Basin have good prospects for shale gas exploration and development. In this study, Well KP1 at the northern margin of the North China Basin was used as the research object for rock mineral, organic geochemical, and elemental geochemical analyses. The results show that brittle minerals in the shales of the Taiyuan Formation and Shanxi Formation are relatively rare (<40%) and that the clay mineral content is high (>50%). The average TOC content is 3.68%. The organic matter is mainly mixed and sapropelic. The source rocks of the Taiyuan Formation and Shanxi Formation are mainly felsic, and the tectonic background lies in the continental island arc area. The primary variables that influenced the enrichment of organic materials during the sedimentary stage of the Taiyuan Formation were paleosalinity and paleoproductivity. Paleosalinity acted as the primary regulator of organic matter enrichment during the sedimentary stage of the Shanxi Formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the fast development of the cold chain transportation industry, the traditional refrigeration method results in significant energy consumption. To address the national call for energy saving and emission reduction, the search for a new type of energy storage material has already become a future development trend. According to the national standard GB/T28577 for the classification and basic requirements of cold chain logistics, the temperature in frozen logistics is typically below −18 °C. In this study, n-undecane with a phase change temperature of −26 °C is chosen as the core material of microcapsules. Poly(methyl methacrylate) is applied as the shell material, with n-undecane microcapsules being prepared through suspension polymerization for phase change cold storage materials (MEPCM). Using characterization techniques including SEM, DSC, FTIR, and laser particle size analysis, the effects of three types of emulsifiers (SMA, Tween-80, Tween-80/span-80 (70/30)), SMA emulsifier dosage, core–shell ratio, and emulsification rate on the thermal performance and micro-surface morphology of n-undecane/PMMA microcapsules were studied. The results indicate that when comparing SMA, Tween-80, and Tween-80/span-80 (70/30) as emulsifiers, the dodecane/PMMA microcapsules prepared with SMA emulsifier exhibit superior thermal performance and micro-surface morphology, possessing a complete core–shell structure. The optimal microstructure and the highest enthalpy of phase change, measuring 120.3 kJ/kg, are achieved when SMA is used as the emulsifier with a quantity of 7%, a core-to-wall ratio of 2.5:1, and an emulsification speed of 2000 rpm. After 200 hot and cold cycles, the enthalpy of phase change decreased by only 18.6 kJ/kg, indicating the MEPCM thermal performance and cycle life. In addition, these optimized microcapsules exhibit favorable microstructure, uniform particle size, and efficient energy storage, making them an excellent choice for the refrigeration and freezing sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As reversible fluorescent probes, HTP-1 and HTP-2 have favourable applications for the detection of Zn2+ and H2S. Herein, the impact of solvent on the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) of HTP-1 and HTP-2 was comprehensively investigated. The obtained geometric parameters and infrared (IR) vibrational analysis associated with the intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB) indicated that the strength of IHB for HTP-1 was weakened in the excited state. Moreover, structural torsion and almost no ICT behaviour indicated that the ESIPT process did not occur in HTP-1. Nevertheless, when the 7-nitro-1,2,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD) group replaced the H atom, the IHB strength of HTP-2 was enhanced after photoexcitation, which inhibited the twisting of tetraphenylethylene, thereby opening the ESIPT channel. Notably, hole-electron analysis and frontier molecular orbitals revealed that the charge decoupling effect was the reason for the fluorescence quenching of HTP-2. Furthermore, the potential energy curves (PECs) revealed that HTP-2 was more inclined to the ESIPT process in polar solvents than in nonpolar solvents. With a decrease in solvent polarity, it was more conducive to the ESIPT process. Our study systematically presents the ESIPT process and different detection mechanisms of the two reversible probe molecules regulated by solvent polarity, providing new insights into the design and development of novel fluorescent probes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For reaction-bonded silicon carbide (RB-SiC) ceramics, the use temperature cannot exceed 1300 °C due to the existence of free silicon. In order to improve its high temperature performance, RB-SiC ceramics were treated by vacuum heat treatment above 1300 °C to remove free silicon, and then modified by post-impregnation pyrolysis (PIP) process with polycarbosilane (PCS). The porosity, bulk density, and flexural strength of the ceramics were measured system atacially. The results show that the RB-SiC can completely remove the free Si, when the temperature exceeds 1700 °C. But its mechanical strength is significantly reduced. The strength of RB-SiC heat-treated after 1900 °C is generally higher than that of materials heat-treated below 1800 °C. In the PIP process, the pyrolysis products of PCS are evenly distributed in the pores of vacuum-heat-treated ceramics (VHT-SiC) to replace the initial free silicon. After 5 PIP cycles, the bulk density of the VHT-SiC increased from 2.56 g cm−3 to 2.70 g cm−3, the porosity reduced from 17.22 % to 12.04 %, and the flexural strength increased by 35.56 %. Therefore, this work provides a simple and efficient method for the preparation of complex SiC components with high temperature resistance (>1400 °C). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we investigated the magnetic annihilation and reconnection and the resulted hot electron acceleration driven by double-beam intense laser pulses in two-layer near critical density (NCD) plasma target. The results are obtained by performing two-dimensional (2D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. It is found that a quasi-mono-energetic peak can be formed in the energy spectrum of electrons accelerated by the process of magnetic field annihilation (MA) at cutoff energy. Electron spectra feature depends on the length of the second low-density layer. This suggests that the process of relativistic magnetic annihilation may be controlled in experiments by target design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the dynamical behavior of nonautonomous MGT‐Fourier system uttt+αutt−βΔut−γΔu+ηΔθ=f(x,t),θt−κΔθ−ηΔutt−ηαΔut=g(x,t),$$ \left\{\begin{array}{l}{u}_{tt t}&#x0002B;\alpha {u}_{tt}-\beta \Delta {u}_t-\gamma \Delta u&#x0002B;\eta \Delta \theta &#x0003D;f\left(x,t\right),\\ {}{\theta}_t-\kappa \Delta \theta -\eta \Delta {u}_{tt}-\eta \alpha \Delta {u}_t&#x0003D;g\left(x,t\right),\end{array}\right. $$ We first establish the global existence and asymptotic behavior by semigroup method and multiplicative method. Next, we get the existence of the uniform attractors by the method of uniform contractive functions, which only need to verify compactness condition with the same type of energy estimates for establishing absorbing set. Finally, we also consider the semilinear case by semigroup method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between psychological resilience, thriving at work, and work performance among nurses, as well as analyse the mediating role of thriving at work in the relationship between psychological resilience and the work performance of nurses. The findings are intended to serve as a reference for nursing managers to design tailored work performance intervention programs. Method: Using convenience sampling, 308 clinical nurses were selected from a tertiary hospital in Changsha City, Hunan Province, China, from February to April 2023. The Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Thriving at Work Scale, and the Work Performance Scale were employed for the questionnaire survey. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between psychological resilience, thriving at work and work performance. The SPSS 26.0 software's 'Process' plugin was utilised for mediation effect analysis. Results: Significantly positive correlations were found between psychological resilience and thriving at work (r = 0.806, P < 0.01), thriving at work and work performance (r = 0.571, P < 0.01) as well as psychological resilience and work performance (r = 0.572, P < 0.01). Psychological resilience significantly predicted work performance positively (β = 0.558, t = 11.165, P < 0.01), and this prediction remained significant when thriving at work (the mediating variable), was introduced (β = 0.371, t = 4.772, P < 0.01). Psychological resilience significantly predicted thriving at work positively (β = 0.731, t = 20.779, P < 0.01), and thriving at work significantly predicted work performance positively (β = 0.256, t = 3.105, P < 0.05). The mediating effect size of thriving at work between psychological resilience and work performance was 33.49% (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Thriving at work plays a partial mediating role between psychological resilience and work performance. The level of work performance among clinical nurses was relatively high. Nursing managers can enhance thriving at work by fostering psychological resilience among clinical nurses, thereby further improving their work performance to ensure high-quality and efficient nursing care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noble gas atoms such as Kr and Xe are byproducts of nuclear fission in nuclear plants. How to trap and confine these volatile even radioactive gases is particularly challenging. Recent studies have shown that they can be trapped in nanocages of ultrathin silica. Here, we exhibit with self-consistent phonon theory and four-phonon (4ph) scattering where the adsorption of noble gases results in an anomalous increase in lattice thermal conductivity (κL), while the presence of Cu atoms doping leads to a reduction in κL. We trace this behavior in host–guest 2D silica to an interplay of tensile strain, rattling phonon modes, and redistribution of electrons. We also find that 4ph scatterings play indispensable roles in κL of 2D silica. Our work illustrates the microscopic heat transfer mechanism in 2D silica nanocages with the immobilization of noble gas atoms and inspires further exploring materials with the kagome and glasslike κL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and scalable approach to fabricate monodispersed Si 3 N 4 hollow microspheres (Si 3 N 4 HMs) with uniform spherical structures is proposed in this study. This approach involves spray drying of Si 3 N 4 precursor, followed by carbothermal reduction nitridation. The homogeneous Si 3 N 4 precursor was first obtained by mixing phenolic resins and silicon resins, which are carbon and silicon sources, respectively. The spray drying process was then tuned by regulating the viscosity of the precursor by adding polyvinyl butyral in an appropriate ratio. Next, the hollow precursor microspheres were pyrolyzed at 1500 °C for 6 h, while ensuring that the shells of the obtained Si 3 N 4 HMs remained intact. Porous Si 3 N 4 ceramics with different contents of Si 3 N 4 HMs were then prepared using the gel-casting method. It was observed that the densities and dielectric constants of the porous Si 3 N 4 ceramics decreased with an increasing Si 3 N 4 HMs content. Thus, the proposed approach can be used for the synthesis of Si 3 N 4 HMs, that can be further processed into ceramic materials with both low densities and dielectric constants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a novel type of floating machine gun that can be simplified as a self-balancing two-degree-of-freedom mechanical system with distinct vibration characteristics. The model accounts for intricate motion patterns and encompasses numerous potential influencing factors. Multifactor combination optimization of the system represents a pressing engineering challenge. After establishing a simulation model for the machine gun and validating it experimentally, seven factors were chosen as optimization variables. The maximum recoil displacement of the inner receiver (MRD) and the firing rate were chosen to be indicators. Orthogonal combinations and variance analyses were used, and the effects of multiple factors were analyzed using SPSS software; these processes led to a determination of the optimal combination. The results indicated that the piston cylinder pressure, the bi-directional buffer spring energy storage, and the inner receiver mass significantly affected the MRD. Furthermore, the automaton mass and the reset spring energy storage were found to substantially affect the firing rate. Careful analysis of the variance results facilitated the determination of the optimal combination of parameter values. Remarkably, the optimal combination chosen resulted in an MRD reduction of approximately 20.2% and a firing rate increase of approximately 26.6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Dual‐directional SCR (DDSCR) with bidirectional discharge paths and high robustness is widely employed for electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection in integrated circuits. However, the design and simulation of on‐chip ESD protection circuits for dual‐directional paths remain challenging due to a lack of relevant device models. This paper designs a Gate‐Controlled Dual‐Direction SCR (GDDSCR) for providing electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection in industry‐level temperature sensors. Furthermore, a new behavioral model is developed based on the GDDSCR for simulating ESD protection circuits along both forward and reverse paths. Experimental results demonstrate that the GDDSCR behavioral model accurately reproduces the IV characteristics observed in bidirectional transmission line pulse (TLP) tests. In addition, the equivalent circuit based on human body model (HBM) is used for transient simulation, and the accuracy of the model is verified by relevant HBM experiments. The proposed model allows the direct extraction of parameters such as trigger voltage (Vt1), holding voltage (Vh), and on‐state resistance (Ron) through TLP testing, facilitating easy application to other types of DDSCR devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuromorphic ferroelectric transistors integrating sensing and memory capabilities for photoelectric stimuli have provided a remarkable platform for multifunctional bionic vision. However, most hardware demonstrations utilizing ferroelectric transistors cannot implement multiple bio‐visual functions simultaneously under a small operating voltage with scalable material systems, which reduces the compatibility with complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) technology and blocks further bio‐visual applications. Herein, an optoelectronic transistor gated is constructed with ferroelectric LiNbO3, which exhibits sensing‐memory‐processing functions and logic integration simultaneously under a low operating voltage (≈1.5 V). Benefiting from the programmable photoinduction and strong ferroelectric polarization, the reliable and highly controllable synaptic characteristics and the bio‐visual selective learning behavior are successfully demonstrated. A high recognition accuracy (≈94.5%) in simulations is also achieved due to the unique linear synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, based on dual‐wavelength modulation, the full‐optical logics “AND” and “OR” are established within the same device. This work provides novel opportunities for the complex multifunctional bionic vision and toward large‐scale integration compatible with silicon‐based CMOS processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article uses the Novy model improved by value-added trade data to measure the cost of inter-provincial trade in the Yangtze River Delta and, on this basis, uses the differential decomposition method to explore the promoting effect of inter-provincial trade costs on the development of inter-provincial trade in the Yangtze River Delta. The results show that the inter-provincial trade costs of the provinces/municipalities in the Yangtze River Delta have increased and decreased, but the changes are small, and there are significant differences in sectoral and bilateral trade costs; the results of the differential decomposition show that the contribution of inter-provincial trade costs to inter-provincial trade development in the Yangtze River Delta is much lower than that of economic growth. Therefore, the Yangtze River Delta should deepen the division of labor and cooperation, give full play to the radiation and leading role of Shanghai as an economic center, and accelerate the digital innovation transformation of the service industry to reduce inter-provincial trade costs and achieve a higher level of integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple fluorescent probe, (E)‐N‐(3‐methoxy‐4‐methylphenyl)‐1‐(quinolin‐2‐yl)methanimine (L), was synthesized via Schiff base condensation reaction between quinoline‐2‐carboxaldehyde and 3‐methoxy‐4‐methylaniline. L can be used as a ′turn‐on′ fluorescent probe for the selective and sensitive detection of Zn2+ ions in a CH3OH/HEPES medium. The detection limit was 1.04×10−7 M. Job plot analysis shows that the binding stoichiometry of L and Zn2+ is 1 : 1, further verified by the single crystal structure. The fluorescence‐enhanced response of L towards Zn2+ ions may be related to the chelation‐enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) supported by theoretical calculations. By adding EDTA, the reversibility of the probe binding to Zn2+ ions is demonstrated, enabling the construction of a functional molecular logic circuit. In addition, probe L was successfully incorporated into test strips for the quantitative detection of Zn2+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaf morphology is a crucial aspect of plant architecture, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf development remain incompletely understood. In this study, a narrow leaf mutant, m625, was identified in rice (Oryza sativa L.), exhibiting pleiotropic developmental defects. Pigment measurement revealed reduced levels of photochromic pigments in m625. Cytological analysis demonstrated that the m625 gene affected vascular patterns and cell division. Specifically, the narrowing of the leaf was attributed to a decrease in small vein number, shorter vein spacing, and an abnormal V-shaped arrangement of bulliform cells, while the thickening was caused by longer leaf veins, thicker mesophyll cells, and an increased number of parenchyma cell layers. The dwarf stature and thickened internode were primarily due to shortened internodes and an increase in cell layers, respectively. Positional cloning and complementation assays indicated that the m625 gene is a novel allele of NAL1. In the m625 mutant, a nucleotide deletion at position 1103 in the coding sequence of NAL1 led to premature termination of protein translation. Further RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that the m625 gene significantly impacted regulatory pathways related to IAA and ABA signal transduction, photosynthesis, and lignin biosynthesis. Moreover, the m625 mutant displayed thinner sclerenchyma and cell walls in both the leaf and stem, particularly showing reduced lignified cell walls in the midrib of the leaf. In conclusion, our study suggests that NAL1, in addition to its known roles in IAA transport and leaf photosynthesis, may also participate in ABA signal transduction, as well as regulate secondary cell wall formation and sclerenchyma thickness through lignification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation Protein structure comparison is pivotal for deriving homological relationships, elucidating protein functions, and understanding evolutionary developments. The burgeoning field of in-silico protein structure prediction now yields billions of models with near-experimental accuracy, necessitating sophisticated tools for discerning structural similarities among proteins, particularly when sequence similarity is limited. Results In this article, we have developed the align distance matrix with scale (ADAMS) pipeline, which synergizes the distance matrix alignment method with the scale-invariant feature transform algorithm, streamlining protein structure comparison on a proteomic scale. Utilizing a computer vision-centric strategy for contrasting disparate distance matrices, ADAMS adeptly alleviates challenges associated with proteins characterized by a high degree of structural flexibility. Our findings indicate that ADAMS achieves a level of performance and accuracy on par with Foldseek, while maintaining similar speed. Crucially, ADAMS overcomes certain limitations of Foldseek in handling structurally flexible proteins, establishing it as an efficacious tool for in-depth protein structure analysis with heightened accuracy. Availability ADAMS can be download and used as a python package from Python Package Index (PyPI): adams · PyPI. Source code and other materials are available from young55775/ADAMS-developing (github.com). An online server is available: Bseek Search Server (cryonet.ai) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]