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Di-butyl phthalate ester was prepared by esterification of phthalic anhydride with normal butyl alcohol (n-butanol), in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst at temperature range from 120°C to 150 °C. The synthesis had done at the laboratory and pilot plant scales. The synthesized dibutyl phthalate was tested and examined. The results show that; the specifications matched that of a standard material in terms of viscosity, density, refractive index, and other specifications. The reaction takes place in a liquid state with a moderate temperature between 120-150 °C, and at atmospheric pressure. As for the catalyst used in the reaction, the sulfuric acid is easily obtainable and is used in a small percentage that does not exceed 2% of the total volume of the materials involved in the reaction. Likewise, for sodium hydroxide, which is used to neutralize the acidity, it is also included in a percentage of no more than 2%, The esterification and purification processes in this research give 99.5% pure substance in laboratory and in large-scale unit with 92% product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The molecularly imprinted polymer prepared by using Sulfamethoxazole (SMT) as the template as well as allyl chloride (AYC) as monomer, used (TMPTA) trimethylolpropane tri acrylate as cross-linker and initiator using (BP) benzyl peroxide. By used different plasticizers (di butyl Phthalate (DBPH), Nitrobenzene (NB), oleic acid (OA) and paraffin) membranes of MIPs were prepared in PVC matrix. The characterizations of each electrode were determined The Slope range from (55.946 - 43.271) mV/decade, Limit of Detection (1x10 −1 – 1x 10 −5) and Linearity range of electrodes MIPs from (1 X 10 −6 - 6 X 10 −7). Stable Signe of electrode pH from (3.5-9.5) and study the selectivity with additives of drugs synthesis (Glucose, Calcium stearate, sodium benzoate and benzoic acid) demonstrate strong selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of thermal-gas-chemical treatment on the structural-functional properties of highly dispersed carbon black (CB) grades – commercial N115 and experimental PO – was investigated. Characteristics of the synthesized experimental samples were close to those of the known superconductive CB grades (Printex XE2-B, Ketjenblack EC- 600JD and Black Pearls 2000). The maximum absorption of dibutyl phthalate and more extended dimensions of crystallites (La) were observed for superconductive CB that was preliminarily obtained in a reactor with the axial feeding of hydrocarbon feedstock (PO CB). Electric conductivity of such samples exceeded that of reference samples, and their electric resistance was not higher than 0.008 ohm. The reported results demonstrate that post-treatment of highly dispersed CBgrades is efficient for the formation of desired properties of superconductive CB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carbocatalyst was obtained by mechanical activation of carbon black P399 at the grinding bodies acceleration of 100 g in an oxidizing environment. It was shown that the carbocatalyst had the dibutyl phthalate absorption number of 140 ml/100 g, the specific surface area was 1054 m2/g, and the number of oxygen-containing groups on the carbon surface was 0.23 meq/g. The catalyst was tested in the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane at different amounts of oxygen in gas mixture. It was shown that an increase in the content of free oxygen in the gas mixture from 1 to 2% contributed to an increase in ethylene selectivity of 15.65 and 25.74%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-nitrogen azotetrazole salts were synthesized, characterized and used as nitrogen-rich compounds for the preparation of novel composite propellants. Triaminoguanidinium and guanidinium azotetrazolate (TAGAZ, GUAZ) were selected based on the results of thermic and sensitivity measurements. Nitrocellulose was used as a traditional ingredient of propellants, while dibutyl phthalate and 3-methyl-3-nitroxymethyloxetane (NIMMO) was used as a plasticizer. The ingredients and resulting propellants were tested using differential thermal analysis coupled with a thermogravimetric method. Standard pyrostatic tests in a closed chamber were also conducted and characteristic ballistic parameters were calculated. Both of the high-nitrogen compounds that were tested could be potential ingredients of future propellants. The pressure rise rate for the tested propellants is simply correlated with the amount of TAGAZ/GUAZ. NIMMO is an interesting new plasticizer for nitrocellulose, although it exhibits relatively high volatility during DTA-TG tests which limits its utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparative studies of two dissimilar industrial grade Carbon Black (CB) powders (N375 and N405) were conducted. The structure, surface area and particle size are the three important characteristics of CB powder that determine their processability and application as filler in preparing rubber compounds. The powders were characterized for their structure using dibutyl phthalate absorption (DBPA), particle size via laser particle size analyzer and surface area by nitrogen adsorption method. The structural characterization showed that N405 had lower DBPA in comparison to N375, confirming low structure of N405 grade CB powder. It was observed from the particle size analysis that N375 was coarser than N405 grade CB. The total surface area values were determined by the BET method based on the cross sectional area of the nitrogen molecule. N375, a coarse grade CB powder with high structure, depicted less surface area as compared to N405. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]