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This study is dedicated to the braking problems observed in freight trains with increased length, braked in "P" (passenger) position on their distributor valve. This phenomenon is known as a braked weight loss in freight trains. Many studies conducted in past years in different European countries show that there is a tendency for increasing the weight and the length of freight wagons to decrease the price of the transportation and increase the competitiveness in railway industry. This tendency is directly related to the braking problems in long freight trains. Based on a result received on a test bench for testing pneumatic train braking systems in our research we analysis the influence of freight trains length on their braking distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study deals with the investigation into the possibility of transporting containers in the open wagon the floor of which is formed by discharge doors and the determination of their strength. The following two load modes for the discharge door were taken into account: the vertical load on the discharge door through the fitting stop and the vertical and longitudinal loads. To determine the dynamic load as a component of the vertical load acting on the discharge door, mathematical modelling of the vertical dynamics of an open wagon loaded with containers was carried out. The bouncing oscillations were also taken into account. The acceleration value was determined; it was further used for strength calculation of the discharge door using the finite element method. It was found that in the first load diagram for the discharge door, the maximum stresses occurred in the eye hinge and they amounted to 404 MPa; in the second load diagram the maximum stresses were 570 MPa. The resulting stress values significantly exceeded the permissible ones. This has proven that the transportation of containers in the open wagon the floor of which is formed by discharge doors is not permissible. The study conducted may contribute to the development of recommendations on using open wagons for transportation of containers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to present the application of the LEAN method to enhance performance in loading iron ore wagons at Vale's Carajás Railway in Brazil, specifically at the Serra Leste loading terminal. This terminal annually transports 4.3 million tons, loading over 40,000 wagons, with a projected increase in transportation by 66% in the coming years, reaching 7 million tons. The Serra Leste loading terminal faces the challenge of reversing the scenario of lower mean weight of iron ore wagons on the Carajás Railway, thereby contributing to Vale's strategic objectives of productivity, sustainability, and competitive all-in cost. Thirty MURI, MURA, and MUDA deviations were identified, and the goal was set based on historical data to support the production budget. Processes were then mapped using Pareto analysis, sequential chart, box plot, and histogram. Causes were identified, wagon loading steps were mapped, and a future scenario projection was made with a 50% reduction in steps, incorporating LEAN assumptions. Subsequently, an effective action plan was implemented. The project yielded gains in productivity, sustainability, and cost, adding 3.92 tons of iron ore to each wagon, achieving the best Vale mean weight, resulting in a reduction in costs of US$ 141,043.10, a decrease in diesel consumption by 134,340 liters, and a reduction in emissions of 383,296 kg of CO² eq. The project brought stability, repeatability for over 16 months, and established new records for the mean weight of wagons at Vale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil cargoes account for a significant share of the railways' transportation structure. The tank-car fleet is owned by commercial entities of various forms of ownership. Small transport companies merge into larger ones to increase the efficiency of wagon use through joint operation, which reduces the mileage between loading and unloading points and costs, because wagon owners pay the infrastructure owner, according to the current Transport Rules and Tariff Guidelines, for both loaded and empty mileage. Literature sources are analysed, where the questions of improving the system of organisation and technology of cargo transportations and building efficient logistic chains of delivery are considered. The transport and technological schemes of oil cargo delivery by railway on the example of a transport company are considered. Pricing and tariffing issues of these transportations have been considered; economic efficiency parameters have been determined. A triangular scheme of laden and empty wagons movement is offered, which allows to decrease rent payments for usage of tank-wagons, to reduce empty run of wagons, what is actual in conditions of insufficient carrying capacity of railway communications. Advantages and disadvantages of the scheme application are evaluated. Analytical methods, methods technical and economical comparison between variants and statistical modelling are used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the description of methods and algorithms for ensuring the reliability of the transportation process for goods and own empty wagons by rail in terms of intelligent commercial inspection of trains and wagons using digital technologies, and primarily neural networks. It contains description of a formal recurrent model, a task decomposition tree built according to an object-oriented and method-oriented principle, a description of autodiagnostic methods: weighing, zone control, laser scanning, neural network photodiagnostics, temperature control and radio frequency control. The architecture of built system and test results are also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the main factors that cause local wagons to stay on the rail when it comes to freight wagons, and develops technological processes for the processing of trains on technical stations. A formula for determining the total number of shipments from the station is also proposed. The interrelation of the operations carried out during the interval between train departure stations to the established stations, and the method of finding the overestimated hours during the operation of inter-sectional distance. The authors have developed a formula for determining the total number of operations from train stations to the designated stations, as well as an algorithm for calculating rail carriages from station to station. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work is to investigate analysis of draft gear using finite element method. Draft gear is present in the coupling at the end of the wagon. It is subjected to compression and tension forces between the wagons of trains. Draft gear consists of pads known as draft pads which are made of rubber elastomer and steel plates. Draft gear absorbs the longitudinal force produced by the movement of train which leads o the failure of its components. The objective is to study the draft gear design and to carry the analysis for given load and boundary conditions. The given model is modeled in catia and it is then taken to the FE modeling for analysis. Present work is on finite element modeling and analysis of Draft gear parts for given loading conditions. Deformation, stress, and strain results will be extracted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topological optimization can be understood as a combination of shape and dimensional modification of the construction in order to find the optimal layout of the structure bounded by a predefined region, for a given set of loads, boundary conditions and constraints with maximizing system performance. In our case, we applied Density Based Method and Level Set Based Method to the design of a freight intermodal railway wagon, which is to be equipped with an automatic digital coupling. The wagon, for which the front part of undercarriage was modified on the basis of topological optimization, was subsequently subjected to a strength simulation analysis according to EN 12663-2 by the finite element method. By applying these optimization methods in the selected construction, we achieved savings on the total weight of the wagon of approximately 20%. This weight reduction can be even higher if we apply the mentioned procedures to the middle part of the wagon undercarriage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the key technical aspects of the wagon rectification programs for improved wagon steering performance, focusing on developing, testing and validating solutions for rectification of threepiece bogies, including 1) modifying existing 70 tonne Barber S-2-C bogies with split wedges and polymer centre plate liners; 2) modifying 50 tonne and 70 tonne ride control bogies with stiffer control springs and polymer centre plate liners. Validation trials of modified wagons demonstrate 95% to 99% compliance performance of modified wagons, which is a significant increase from 30% to 70% compliance prior modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reviewed the state-of-the-art MCP-I and ESSO-M systems, discussed the interconnection of the MCP-I and ESSO-M systems and included the converter interfaces with the ESSO. Algorithms for determining the location and order of wagons have been developed for the development of hardware and software. The proposed algorithm is the basis for the development of a mathematical model for calculating the time spent by a wagon on non–road routes. The developed algorithm is based on a combination of the technology of optical recognition of railway tank numbers and the technology of axle counting using inductive wheel pair sensors and can be used at any length and configuration. At the hardware level, the system is integrated with the control system for the freedom/employment of sections of the ESSO-M railway track, at the software level — with any upper–level systems. It has been established that the hardware and software system operates in real time for the purpose of producing objective data on the presence and condition of the wagon fleet at stations at any given time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in container transportation c leads to the need to develop expedited delivery of refrigerated containers using long-wheelbase flat wagons (with the ability to also transport containers of 20, 40, 53 ft) capable of moving at speeds up to 140 km/h in fast freight trains. Analysis of the technical and economical parameters of the four-axle flat wagons with three-element bogies (speed up to 90 km/h, axle load up to 23.5 t, containers of 20 and 40 ft) currently used for the transportation of containers, shows their non-conformity with the operational requirements in terms of speed of delivery and dimensions of transportation of perishable goods. The operational characteristics were considered and the requirements for prospective flat wagons for the expedited transportation of refrigerated containers were formed. On the basis of the requirements, an overview of the design of a new high-speed six-axle longwheelbase flat wagon for the transportation of refrigerated containers is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to a new technique the determination of the coefficient of friction in real operational conditions using signal processing from a single accelerometer sensor. The main idea is to detect a short-time displacement of a non-fixed testing load on the supporting pads during an experimental collision of the loaded flatcar with an obstacle. The detection is provided by analyzing the accelerometer signal. For measurements according to the proposed algorithm, a measuring system was assembled, and specialized software was developed. A series of experiments were carried out using the proposed technique. The processing of the experimental results confirmed the efficiency of the proposed idea. The proposed technique makes it possible to reliably establish the static and kinetic coefficients of friction for the "load-support" friction pair in the one experimental study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the consideration of the process of development of information support for heat control systems of rolling stock drum brakes. The example of a solid-rolled wagon shows the results of numerical simulations in the part of the study of the heat condition of the wheel in different braking modes and of the heat control process based on the developed complex computer model. The results obtained by the authors are compared with available experimental data and theoretical studies by other authors. The concepts of hot and cold wheels have been introduced, the detection algorithms of which are based on the application of numerical modeling and are also given in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the existing technology for selecting groups of wagon train's in two directions. It was revealed that shunting locomotives would travel "without useful" distance due to the standard length of station tracks. To determine the duration of shunting trips during the selection of wagons, a method for calculating the number of "cuts" in a train has been formulated. Two options for the technical equipment of the tracks for picking up wagons in two directions are proposed: the first is a one-way division of two tracks into separate sections; the second is a two-way splitting of two paths into separate sections. It has been determined that in the first variant of the station track reorganization, the time for picking up wagons is reduced by 15% and the mileage of shunting locomotives by 24%, in the second variant, the picking time for wagons is increased by +14% and the mileage of shunting locomotives is almost the same. The advantages of the proposed options for rebuilding station tracks, their economic effect and payback period have been substantiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calculation of coefficient of margin of safety of a wheel with a conic disk was made. The calculation allowed to specify the size of an average limit of endurance on disk amplitude in a settlement zone. The stated algorithm of calculation implemented in the MathCad program can form a basis for assessing the durability of wheels with various configurations of disks and a level of residual technological and operational tension. The made program code in MathCad at data exchange on tension, calculated in certainly - an element SolidWorks/Simulation package, allowed to automate the calculation of durability of a wheel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dissimilar metals joining different alloys, thermoplastic and composites is a challenging task due to their dissimilar characteristics and material incompatibility. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a kind of fabrication method, which joins material below its melting point and emerges as an advanced technique for the welding of similar/dissimilar metals. FSW has numerous advantages over conventional welding practices as the temperature generated is below the melting point of base material, which helps the base materials to attain an elastic phase with the least distortion, residual stresses, and defects. Due to such qualities, FSW has many applications in the automobile, aircraft, maritime, railway, and aerospace industries. It is used for fabricating structures like airframes, thin alloy skins, fuel tanks in the aerospace industry due to its high weld quality and geometry accuracy, for lightweight construction in the automotive industry and to build heavy-duty tanks, railway wagons, and coaches for railways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indian railways invest thousands of crores in maintenance of the bogies, where one such periodic overhauling (POH) is performed at Carriage and Wagon works in Perambur, Chennai. Several shops undertake maintenance duties of the Wagon and carriage separately. In the wagon section, where goods carrying bogies were periodically overhauled after every 18 months. Under the Cartridge Tapered Roller Bearing (CTRB) section, the bearings were subjected to maintenance and condemned if any cracks were observed. Several processes were used in the periodic overhauling that involve related timings for every step. The data was collected during the industrial visit where a small tour into the wagon section was followed by a detailed process explanation of the cleaning and maintenance of the Cartridge Tapered Roller Bearing. In this paper we aim to study the original time to the one optimized using modelling and simulation methodologies on ARENA to stage a refined process flow for the periodic overhauling of cartridge tapered roller bearing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a review of optimal location of inventory stocks at Uztemiriyulovci Joint-Stock Company's (Uzpasstrans) wagon depot. The diagrams of the developed system structure, the database of wagon depot information system are given. There is a description of the software implementation of the automated system for optimum placement of goods in the warehouse. The algorithms of placement and examples of the interface of the developed software are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, calculations were made to determine the required number of freight wagons, as well as the deficit and surplus of the freight wagon fleet on the Uzbek railway. Methods of analysis and statistical processing were used, data on the number of wagons in the working fleet. The main methods for determining the required fleet of freight wagons are presented. Calculations have been made to determine the required and working fleet of freight wagons. The expected deficit and surplus of freight wagons on the Uzbek railway for the forecast period 2021-2025 have been determined. Such analysis and calculation allows the railways to make optimal decisions when renewing the freight wagon fleet, not to create a deficit and surplus of the freight wagon fleet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To propose new engineering solutions, including the use of high-yield-stress steel, for the design of demountable returnable facilities to transport timber on all-purpose flat wagons. The analysis of railway timber inner traffi c as well as for export from 2014 to 2018 was applied. The comparison of current flat wagons and facilities for timber traffi c as well as the analysis of their strengths and weaknesses was carried out. A survey on high-yield-stress steel application in machine and wagonbuilding was conducted. Due to seasonal prevalence of timber traffi c in Russia it is essential to develop the design of demountable returnable facilities to transport the goods in question on all-purpose flat wagons. The absence of the facilities in question which provide for versatility of flat wagons was determined. Directions for the development of demountable equipment designed to transport timber were proposed allowing for safe fastening on a flat wagonas well as being durable and low-weight. The necessity to develop new demountable returnable facilities designed to transport timber on allpurpose flat wagons was demonstrated. The former included the use of high-yield-stress steel making it possible to improve technical and economic features of flat wagons. It is essential to elaborate regulatory and technical base for the implementation of new high-yield-stress steel in the production of demountable returnable equipment applied in wagon building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the work is to assess the effect of solar radiation on heat inflows through the fences of the bodies of refrigerated cars and containers during the period of solar activity in the climatic conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the summer months. Analytical calculations of the magnitude of solar radiation in Uzbekistan were made according to the Kastrov-Savinov formula, taking into account the solar constant, the intensity of solar radiation on the surface perpendicular to the direction of the rays, the height of the sun above the horizon, the height is measured only in degrees and the transparency coefficient of the atmosphere. When the car moves, the roof and sidewall are exposed to solar radiation, and the roof, side, and partly end walls of the container are exposed to solar radiation. The heat gain from solar radiation is taken into account by introducing a conditional radiant heat transfer coefficient or a conditional outside air temperature, which differs from the true one by a certain amount, which shows the share of radiant energy in the total heat input. A conditional outside air temperature is introduced, taking into account the constant change in solar radiation during the daylight hours and the change in the wagon's position in the parking lot or while moving. Observations of the position of the sun and temperature measurements were carried out at the end of June in the Tashkent region; the change in solar radiation was measured during daylight hours. The influence of solar radiation on the outside temperature of a 40-foot container 1A painted white was determined, the expediency of painting the bodies of refrigerated wagons, especially the roof and sidewalls, in white or pale yellow for better reflection of sunlight was shown. Taking into account the influence of solar radiation in calculating the heat balance of refrigerated wagons will increase the safety of transported goods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protecting the environment is a top priority today. The aim of the paper is to present the possible environmental risks arising from the rail transport of hazardous substances. During transport, new risks of leakage of hazardous substances and environmental contamination from railway tanks arise during their decommissioning at railway stations. These risks can be a significant source of environmental contaminants and there is no methodology to prevent possible impacts. The current situation in Europe has seen some changes in the incidence and composition of risks. There is a new risk of terrorist attacks that are aimed at easily achievable targets. In the area of risk management, it is necessary to revise the current approach and create a methodology for the prevention of risks of major accidents and subsequent environmental contamination. Part of the paper is an explanation of the risk of decommissioned trains with hazardous substances, a search of this issue in selected European countries, a comparison of conditions of mobile and stationary sources of risk and a proposal for a set of measures to prevent major accidents from this source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Validation of designed components by means of simulation tools is nowadays an integral part of the development process of rolling stock and greatly reduce the time necessary for design, tests and certification of new vehicles or equipment. In the future, it will be possible in the case of verification results replace some real tests by simulation analysis on certain conditions. Based on the obtained results, it is then possible to design the wagon structure quite accurately so, that all evaluation criteria of the real tests are met. They also provide valuable information for the construction of other wagons similar transport purpose. The aim of the authors is to analyze ride properties of new wagon chassis for freight transport by using simulation analysis of a vehicle ride and subsequent processing of the results in VI-Rail software. The article deals with the dynamic analysis of freight wagon with multifunctional loading plane for safe rides along an S-shaped curve, where in the first step we focused on examining the wagon's resistance to longitudinal compressive forces, because currently are subject to high demands on low weight to the wagons of this category and hence on relatively low torsional stiffness. The second part investigates enough overlap of buffers, where during the simulation we followed the lateral displacement of all buffers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The test stand for proper operation shall have a equipped of auxiliary systems. One of them is the track gauge adjustment system. The original gauge adjustment mechanism revealed shortcomings caused by the wear in operation. The new solution of track gauge setup on the test stand consists of hydraulic circuit design, construction, control and subsequent verification of reliability and proper operation. For proper operation and accurate results, the test bench was fitted with an apparatus for centering the rotating rail. The measuring apparatus shows what gauge is set on the rotating rails and in which position the individual rail are located. Measurements have been made to verify the functionality of the system and to help set the correct function of the hydraulic cylinders. By examining the transverse forces at unloaded rotating rails, the proper function of the hydraulic system has been verified. After load of the rotating rails with wheelset was monitored by the process of the guiding (transverse), longitudinal and wheeled (vertical) forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is focused to the study of the influence of lateral displacement of open box type cargo wagon bogies on their main dynamic indicators and indicators of the interaction of rolling stock with rails. The theoretical study was carried out using the model of spatial oscillations of the five wagons set. During the calculations, the change in the angle of rotation of the central axis of the wagon body was considered, which leads to a mutual transverse displacement of the bogies. As a result of research, the dependences of the indicated indicators of a freight wagon on the magnitude of the angle of rotation of the body and speed of movement were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the wheelset maintenance process, the number of the axles is reduced by scrapping which makes it difficult to comply with the wagon maintenance plan. To re-establish the number of wheelsets, it is necessary to purchase new axles at a cost U$ 2,386.36 per unit. The average number of scrap axles is 26.44 units or 5.4% per month, which raises the maintenance costs of the wagons. Thus, the problem was identified, the goal was defined based on history, and it was stratified with tree diagram, pareto, sequential graph, boxplot and histogram. From the tree diagram, we identified the components involved with the problem of the high scrap rate of axle 6.1/2x12 by groove in the sleeve. Then, the brainstorming session of the causes of the groove was elaborated, the causes were prioritized for study by correlation, q-square test, boxplot, histogram and soft flexion test. Then, the proven causes for treatment, elaboration and effective action plan were prioritized. The result was that, while 3,03% of the groove axes studied were scrapped up to 5.47 months, 35.43% of the tested axles (127 units) went through this period without groove. The expenditure avoided with the 127 axles of the sample was about U$ 223,810.98. The projected avoided expenditure 4 years (large scale application) is about U$ 1,562,583.81. The completion of the work was by the pilot test and serves as a basis for largescale application of the solution in the fleet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that the global livestock feeding were made machines, with increased working capacity, high efficiency operation. These equipments are prominently self-loading and transported fibrous feed wagons. These trailers, in addition to their numerous advantages includes, presents some technical drawbacks motivate operating their small spread in Romanian agriculture. In order to improve the workflow of self loading and transported fibrous feed wagons, propose equip them with lifting drums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerical methods of investigation are used in the thesis. Theoretical investigation were performed using MSC.ADAMS/View and MSC.ADAMS/Rail software. Introduction of additional characteristics into this software enabled us both to form dynamic model of typical passenger wagon used in Lithuania, and to perform computer modeling of the passenger wagon and track interaction. This analysis enabled to determine main types of corrugations, predetermining wagon case dynamics, and to evaluate their effect on lateral vibrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]