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In dentistry, oral and maxillofacial bone loss is often encountered due to diseases such as bone removal during tumor surgery and periapical bone damage due to periapical periodontitis. Regeneration is needed in tissue engineering with a good scaffold design according to tissue needs. The synthetic coral scaffold is a supplement with a base of gelatin and calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The scaffold is then incorporated with Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) which causes PRF to be activated to produce growth factors. There is a need for an effective method for incorporating PRF into the scaffolds. However, it is still unclear which method is more effective. This research aims to determine the ability of synthetic coral scaffold materials to be incorporated with PRF. The research design was an experimental laboratory study with a post-test design. The research subjects included 6 artificial coral scaffolds and 3 students of Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta to have their blood tested. The blood sample was then processed with PRF, and the number of platelets was counted using Giemsa staining. PRF would be dipped and dripped on synthetic coral scaffolds. The results of PRF incorporation on the synthetic coral scaffold were calculated utilizing the initial platelet count minus the number of platelets that had been dipped and dropped. Statistical tests using the Independent Sample t-Test obtained a value of p=0.00 (p<0.05), indicating a difference in PRF incorporation on the synthetic coral scaffolds between the dip and drop methods. As a result, there was a significant difference between the dip and drop methods in the PRF incorporation on synthetic coral scaffolds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precisely detecting and estimating the depth of tumors is more essential during the surgery of tumor removal. In robot-assisted surgery, robots automatically touch the affected area, it is very helpful to produce a precise detection, depth estimation, and low-level intimation of once traditional tissues surround tumors. Here we tend to outline by mimicking the human finger bit, so expected are victimisation by the CNN-Conventional Neural Network are worked with the photographs by taking. The step by method might be 1st take the growth CT-Scan pictures that space can influence within the space of tissue, the tissue was skinny space of the body, therefore it'll simply influence the body. At the instant of the time surgical was terribly troublesome to handle the operation. Therefore, that's why we tend to use the CNN formula to predict the photographs so {we can we'll we are going to} classify the photographs and predict the photographs will show because the accuracy ninety-nine to check out the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a very aggressive and rare type of cancer that occurs mainly in children; however, it may also affect adults. PPB originates from the lung or the pleural cavity, but its cause is still unknown. PPB has four different subtypes based on whether it involves cysts and/or cancerous nodules, as well as considering the age at diagnosis and prognosis. Medical imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of PPB to quantify the extent of metastasis of the tumour, such as in type II and type III, and to titrate the treatment strategy accordingly. In this paper, the case of a deceased 3-year-old boy, who was diagnosed with type II and III PPB, is presented, including an analysis on related medical images involving both ionising (chest X-ray and computed tomography) and non-ionising techniques (ultrasound), as well as the treatments that the child underwent. The patient received surgical resection of the tumour, followed by chemotherapy; however, local tumour relapse occurred, a second resection was not possible, and the relapsed tumour did not respond to chemotherapy leading to the death of the child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In clinical, bladder cancer is the most common tumor in the urinary system. Tis, Ta and T1 tumors are clinically referred to as non-muscular invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) according to the depth of cancer infiltration into the bladder wall and TNM staging criteria. Bladder cancer is extremely easy to relapse, and the recurrence rate of NMIBC is as high as 50% to 70%. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) and postoperative adjuvant intracavitary chemotherapy or BCG immunotherapy are mainly used for non-myometrial invasive bladder cancer. However, there is still a high risk of recurrence or progression to myometrial invasive bladder cancer after operation. In addition, there is no standard adjuvant therapy for non-myometrial invasive bladder cancer. This article intends to review the selection of chemotherapeutic drugs, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG) and other immunotherapy and targeted therapy in the adjuvant therapy of non-muscular invasive bladder cancer, and clarify the future research direction in order to contribute to the standardization of this clinical operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the high state of the art in limp replacement and the reconstructive tumor surgery, failures cannot be excluded. Investigations on post-operative effects on explanted silver coated modules of MUTARS® prostheses have disclosed changes in the silver surface. Both, the silver coatings and the perioperative lavage with antiseptics reduce efficiently the risks of infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treating tumors or other potentially large targets for thermal ablation can be a very time-consuming task in ultrasound surgery. Tumors are conventionally treated by pointwise scanning over the tumor region using predetermined focal points. During scanning, cooling times are needed between two consecutive focal points to diffuse thermal buildup in the near field, which can prevent undesired temperature rises in healthy tissue. It is possible to accelerate the treatment while ensuring the safety of healthy tissue by reallocation of the heating and cooling times for individual focus points. In this study, we proposed a sub-volume heating strategy by reducing the number of cooling periods, to shorten the treatment time. The target volume is divided into several equally sized sub-volumes, each of which is covered by the same number of focal points. The sub-volume is sonicated, followed by a constant cooling period (the number of cooling periods = the number of sub-volumes). The proposed strategy was evaluated with numerical simulations in 3D and ex vivo experiments using three different: (1) a „conservative? approach, wherein each focal point is a sub-volume; (2) an „aggressive? approach, wherein all focal points make up a sub-volume; and (3) an „intermediate? approach, wherein several focus points make up a sub-volume. The results demonstrate the efficacy of this strategy; it was able to effectively reduce the treatment times by decreasing total cooling times. This study indicated that by appropriate selection of the sub-volume size and heating sequence, it may be useful to overcome the current obstacle of treatment time during large tumor treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION. Mast cell tumor (MCT) is second most common malignancy in dogs. The biological behavior of MCT is variable therefore a lot of effort is taken to find prognostically relevant factors. Some microscopic features correlate with clinical outcome of MCT, therefore several histological grading systems have been developed. The aim of our study was to assess prospectively the clinical outcome of MCT in Latvian dogs depending on completeness of surgical excision and histopathological grade using newest proposed grading system by M.Kiupel et al. (2011). MATERIALS AND METHODS. Fifteen client-owned dogs diagnosed with MCT were enrolled in the prospective study. Histological grading was done according to scheme proposed by M.Kiupel et al. according to which MCT is assigned to one of two grades -- low or high depending on quantifiable microscopic criteria. The surgical margins were evaluated as complete, close or incomplete if they were more than 3 mm, 1 to 3 mm or less than 1 mm wide, respectively. The animals were followed for at least 12 months after surgery. Follow-up included clinical examination of tumor area and draining lymph nodes and abdominal ultrasound. The animal use was permitted by Food and Veterinary Service of Latvia (license No. 45). RESULTS. There were 9 (60%) low grade tumors and 6 (40%) high grade tumors. The tumor control rate 12 months after initial surgery (no recurrence) was 67% for low grade and only 17% for high grade tumors. Median time to tumor recurrence was 304 days for low grade and 27 days for high grade MCT. Survival time for dogs with low grade MCT was 409 days compared with only 60 days for dogs with high grade tumor. Dogs with high grade tumors had significantly shorter survival time and worse prognosis than dogs with low grade tumors (p=0.013). Median time to MCT recurrence and median survival time was 326 and 376 days for complete excision, 129 and 60 days for marginal and 32 and 55 days for incomplete excision, respectively. Complete excision was associated with lower possibility and longer time to tumor recurrence, as well as longer survival, however marginal surgical border status did not have significant impact on time to tumor recurrence and survival. It was found that tumor duration but not tumor size had significant impact on surgical margin status (p=0.047). However, tumor size significantly affected survival time with larger tumors being correlated with shorter survival (p=0.03). It was also found that median tumor size (4.3 cm in diameter) was grater and median tumor duration (121 days) in Latvian dogs was longer than reported previously in the literature. These data suggest that surgeries for MCT in Latvia are delayed. CONCLUSIONS. The results of our study confirm that grade, tumor size and recurrence are significant factors for MCT prognostication. Surgical excision of MCT must be done as soon as tumor is detected. Determination of histological grade of the tumor is essential for clinician to determine prognosis and to choose appropriate additional treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]