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Free-Space Optical (FSO) has gained popularity as a wireless communication technology due to its adaptability and versatility in a variety of application contexts. The purpose of this study is to shed light on how the selection of these crucial parameters affects the performance and suitability of FSO systems. The present study examines the correlation between data rate, optical source, modulation scheme and FSO performance over varied range. This study examines the impact of the chosen data rate on the various aspects of design, deployment, and operation in FSO systems. The present analysis underscores the versatility of FSO technology, which possesses the capability to accommodate a broad range of data rate demands. These demands can range from a few megabits per second, which suffices for fundamental connectivity purposes, to multiple gigabits per second, which is necessary for applications that require substantial bandwidth. The findings of the study indicated that FSO system provides efficient communication for indoor application. If the weather conditions are favorable then it could be used for the outdoor applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the most dominant asymmetric molecular triglycerides have been predicted using natural light polarization. The sample was palm oil from various brands. A 532 nm green pointer laser was used as the source of light and the first to be linearly polarized through the sample. The optical activity or so-called natural polarization on samples was obtained by measuring polarization change as a function of the polarizer angle. The GCMS test was used to obtain the main components of fatty acids (FAs) and to estimate the most possible triglycerides of samples. From the GCMS results, with the average number of saturated FAs (R1)=38%, monosaturated FAs (R3)=44%, and polyunsaturated FAs (R2)=10%, we found that two molecules T3=R1R1R3 and T6 = R1R3R3 are the most dominant asymmetric triglyceride components in palm oil. These two asymmetric triglycerides are shown by significant polarization change as a function of the polarizer's angle. The peaks of polarization with the molecular asymmetrical axes at polarizer's angle 40° and 60° are best suited to the triglycerides T3 and T6 and can be further developed to predict triglycerides of other cooking oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this report, it has been demonstrated that natural light polarization or optical activity on lubricant oil can be observed using a simple pair of polarizers. The study aimed to obtain the main asymmetric molecules in the sample that are most likely responsible for the change of polarization. The sample was motorcycle lubricant oil 1 and oil 2 with the same viscosity SAE 20W-40. The source of light was a green (λ=532 nm) and a red (λ=650 nm) pointer laser. It was assumed that natural polarization takes place only due to the interaction between linear polarized light and the orientation of asymmetric hydrocarbon molecules. The natural polarization was obtained by measuring polarization change as a function of the direction of the linear polarized E-field, which is adjusted through variation of polarizer angle from 0° to 90°. The results show that the oil optical activity occurs dependently on the orientation of the direction of the electric field of light, in which it possesses two asymmetrical molecular axes polarizer angles 30° and 60°. It indicates that the sample has two main asymmetric hydrocarbon molecules. This study is potentially able to investigate characteristics of homogeneous molecular oil, relative quality lubricant oils, and other relevant substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing volumes of data produced at light sources such as the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) enable the direct observation of materials and molecular assemblies at the length and timescales of molecular and atomic motion. This exponential increase in the scale and speed of data production is prohibitive to traditional analysis workflows that rely on scientists tuning parameters during live experiments to adapt data collection and analysis. User facilities will increasingly rely on the automated delivery of actionable information in real time for rapid experiment adaptation which presents a considerable challenge for data acquisition, data processing, data management, and workflow orchestration. In addition, the desire from researchers to accelerate science requires rapid analysis, dynamic integration of experiment and theory, the ability to visualize results in near real-time, and the introduction of ML and AI techniques. We present the LCLS-II Data System architecture which is designed to address these challenges via an adaptable data reduction pipeline (DRP) to reduce data volume on-thefly, online monitoring analysis software for real-time data visualization and experiment feedback, and the ability to scale to computing needs by utilizing local and remote compute resources, such as the ASCR Leadership Class Facilities, to enable quasi-real-time data analysis in minutes. We discuss the overall challenges facing LCLS, our ongoing work to develop a system responsive to these challenges, and our vision for future developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant advances in utilizing deep learning for anomaly detection have been made in recent years. However, these methods largely assume the existence of a normal training set (i.e., uncontaminated by anomalies) or even a completely labeled training set. In many complex engineering systems, such as particle accelerators, labels are sparse and expensive; in order to perform anomaly detection in these cases, we must drop these assumptions and utilize a completely unsupervised method. This paper introduces the Resilient Variational Autoencoder (ResVAE), a deep generative model specifically designed for anomaly detection. ResVAE exhibits resilience to anomalies present in the training data and provides feature-level anomaly attribution. During the training process, ResVAE learns the anomaly probability for each sample as well as each individual feature, utilizing these probabilities to effectively disregard anomalous examples in the training data. We apply our proposed method to detect anomalies in the accelerator status at the SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). By utilizing shot-to-shot data from the beam position monitoring system, we demonstrate the exceptional capability of ResVAE in identifying various types of anomalies that are visible in the accelerator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's High-Energy Photon Source (HEPS), the first national highenergy synchrotron radiation light source, is under design and construction. In the future, at the first stage of HEPS, it is predicted that 24PB raw experimental data will be produced per month from 14 beamlines. Faced with such a huge scale of scientific data and diverse data analysis environments in light source disciplines, the HEPS scientific computing platform was designed and implemented based on container mirroring and dynamic orchestration technology to provide HEPS users with a data analysis environment. In this article, a data security access strategy is designed and evaluated for a scientific computing platform to ensure the security and efficiency of data access for users in the entire process of data analysis. First, the general situation of HEPS is introduced. Second, the challenges faced by the HEPS scientific computing system. Third, the architecture and service process of the scientific computing platform are described from the perspective of IT, some key technical implementations will be introduced in detail. Finally, the application effect of data access security policies on computing platforms will be demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a practical and real-world, colour matching is achieved effectively only by the colour constancy. This colour matching plays a very important role in each and every fields of our daily uses. Colour constancy refers to the study of how every humans will perceive the colours. The goal of colour correction is to obtain the colour of objects correctly regardless of the differences in light sources, illumination, etc. In this paper, we will learn to achieve the colour correction of the objects or materials used in our day to day life with the help pf the open computer vision and python programming. This respective technique can be effectively used for photographers, and also the computer vision practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the promising renewable energy sources that has the ability to supply all the world's energy needs in the future is solar energy. The determination of the maximum output from a photovoltaic system remains a significant challenge for photovoltaic researchers. This paper presents an experimental analysis of uncertainties such as variation in irradiation, temperature,andtilt angle, on two polycrystalline solar modules of 80W each. An experimental set-up consisting of halogen bulbs with a mechanism to vary the tilt angle and irradiation is incorporated with a regulatory mechanism which serves as artificial light source. The experimental results and graphs illustrate the variation in different parameters which impact the power output. From the results it is suggested that tilt angle between (15-20) o C is best suited for extracting the maximum power at the specified location. Finally, a power conditioning circuit with MPPT control is adopted to verify the effect of the presented dynamics. A simulation study using MATLAB is also being conducted by considering battery as a load and charging and discharging of battery along with state of charge is presented to fit the proposed method for future battery charging application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The annual production of textile dyes exceeds 70,000 per year, with nearly 200,000 tons of synthetic dyes being released into the environment due to inefficient dyeing methods used by textile industries. The contamination of water bodies by textile wastewater has been found to have adverse effects on human health, underscoring the need to remove these pollutants. In this study, methylene blue was used as a representative pollutant to assess the effectiveness of photocatalytic degradation using TiO2 P25 as a photocatalyst. The PHOTOREAC software, a user-friendly open-access computational tool developed in MATLAB specifically for modeling and simulating large-scale solar photocatalytic reactors in environmental applications, was employed to simulate both a kinetic model and a photon absorption scattering. The secondary data were classified based on several operating conditions, including the incident light source, light intensity, and photoreactor configurations, to investigate the impact of each condition. The results obtained from the PHOTOREAC simulation and secondary data analysis indicated that a solar simulator utilizing a xenon lamp as the incident light source is preferable for photocatalytic degradation due to its constant irradiation compared to natural solar light. Increasing the light intensity of the incident light source from 300 W/m2 to 1000 W/m2 also enhances the photocatalytic degradation performance. The optimum loading of the photocatalyst exhibits variation, ranging from 8 to 15 g/L. The efficiency of photocatalytic degradation is influenced by various properties of the photocatalyst, such as the crystal structure, surface area, crystallite size, and band gap energy. Furthermore, the Langmuir Hinshelwood and the Ballari models are the most suitable kinetic model expression for guiding photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar energy is a light source that can be distributed into buildings as natural light. Energy consumption decreases if it can distribute natural light maximally into the building. The aesthetics of the building will look beautiful when using the facade on the building envelope. Building design without using a facade can be perceived as monotonous or massive. Facade design needs to pay attention to the maximum light distribution factor that can enter the building, considering the effects of glare, high brightness, and illuminance ratio. The purpose of this study was to determine the building facade Model that can distribute natural light as much as possible so as to minimize energy consumption in the building. The design of the facade Model consists of a building without a facade, a flat shape, and a sloping shape. This study uses a quantitative method, namely the illuminance value of the Autodesk Ecotect Program, made in the form of tables and graphs to facilitate the analysis of the simulation results. The results of this study concluded that the facade models have effected on the distribution of natural light, and the percentage of light also affects the depth of space, namely the distance between the windows on the building envelope. Furthermore, the height of the building also affects the distribution of light entering the space. The results of the study concluded that the sloping facade model could distribute light evenly compared to the flat facade model. The illuminance value in the flat shape is only maximal in the area near the window on the building envelope so that it can cause negative effects, namely glare, and brightness. The contribution of the results of this study can be a guide in planning the architectural works of energy-efficient buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The VEML7700 light sensor proves to be an effective instrument for measuring illuminance levels of light sources, and it is frequently employed for this purpose. Demonstrated by students in their conducted experiment, this sensor possesses the capability to accurately measure light across a wide spectrum of intensities, spanning from low to high levels of illumination. The findings indicate that the sensor achieves a very good level of accuracy, with a deviation of only 2 percent. The setup and implementation of the inverse square law of illuminance measurement are explained from various perspectives, including electronics, programming, and user usage. Furthermore, the paper briefly explores other potential measurements that can be conducted utilizing the VEML7700 light sensor. The purpose of the paper with the VEML7700 is to describe a simple and inexpensive measurement for students to verify the method of inverse square law of illuminance, other possibilities are briefly mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the visible light communication system utilizes a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter part consists of a function generator, microphone, amplifier, and laser diodes with different power of variation, which are 5 mW, 20 mW, and 50 mW. The receiver parts consist of photovoltaic cells, amplifier, loudspeaker, and oscilloscope. The laser has functioned as the frequency carrier which transmits data through the air. The photovoltaic cell will receive the laser light and will be converted back to the electrical signal to obtain the transmitted data. In this research, the maximum transmission distance is 100 cm with a frequency range of 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz. Some factors that can affect the quality of the communication are the link distance, the intensity of the laser, and the influence of external light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of the luminous flux radiation to the upper hemisphere is very broad and complex. The paper deals with the modeling of the vertical surface radiators like billboards, active advertisements, windows, shop windows and illuminated facades. It presents an approach to unify the behavior of these types of light sources. For the purpose of this article, these will be understood as cosine radiators. If this cosine luminous intensity distribution curve is taken into account, then only the luminance and the light-active surface can be known to supplement the information about the radiation of such a light source. The luminance and radiated surface can be obtained relatively easily from real field measurements. The article tries to show how different kinds of sources can influence luminous flux in outdoor spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compression therapy is mainly applied for the treatment of chronic venous disorders such as leg ulcers and oedema. During compression therapy, a specific pressure profile in the range of 35 mmHg to 45 mmHg was applied on the wounded area for the treatment to be effective. The ideal characteristics for a pressure sensor in monitoring sub-bandage pressure should be flexible, durable and reliable to ensure ease of use and comfort for the patient. Plastic optical fibres (POF) are extremely flexible and have high tensile strength, making them a suitable candidate to be embedded into the textile. In this research, POF integrated with a flexible tube has been investigated as a pressure sensor to monitor sub-bandage pressure. The main components of this system were POF, flexible tube, LED transmitter, photodiode circuit, amplifier circuits, and NodeMcu ESP8266 wifi module. The 660 nm red LED is used as a light source to illuminate the flexible tube. The pressure that is applied to the flexible tube will change the reflected light and this response will be detected by the photodiode via POF. The amplifier circuit LM358 is used to amplify the voltage signal and the NodeMcu ESP8266 Wi-Fi module is used to send the data to the Blynk app on the smartphone. Through the Internet of Things (IoT) platform, the sub-bandage pressure can be monitored and assessed online by the medical practitioner and this system can be used as a tool in compression therapy management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is devoted to the study of reliability management in lighting engineering. The object of the study is the production of lighting products. The main elements of the enterprise reliability management system are defined. The sequence of actions on reliability management is presented. Measures for reliability management at the enterprise are described. A brief description of the reliability control system of one of the leading lighting enterprises of the Russian Federation is given - Research Institute of Light Sources named after A.N. Lodygin. Features of ensuring reliability of lighting production products are described. Sources of data on reliability management are specified: complaints acts; Accident and disaster investigation reports; results of incoming and process control, acceptance tests; Logistics and inventory information. A system of reliability indicators of LED lamps has been determined. The options for introducing new high-precision equipment into production are justified. The recommended method of hazard identification is detailed - the method of failure consequences analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titanium dioxide doped by carbon and nitrogen was applied in a combination process of photocatalytic and ozonation (photozonolytic). The objective of the photozonolytic is to degrade synthetic organic dye, orange-F3R, in an aqueous phase under a variety of light sources. The degradation parameters that had an impact on photozonolytic were analyzed as though the concentration of orange-F3R dye solution, the mass of C-N-codoped TiO2 added, light sources (UV-A lamp, visible-lamp, and solar light), and exposure time. The Orange-F3R solution with a 30 mg L−1 concentration was reduced by the ozonation process in 90 minutes to 14%, as determined by a spectrophotometric measurement. The C-N-codoped TiO2 catalyst could be active by ozone attack without light exposure. It is proven that there is an increase in the degradation efficiency of up to 35.5% during ozonation by the presence of the catalyst. It was observed that applied C-N-codoped TiO2 catalysts in the combination of photozonolytic under solar light exposure was more effective than ozonation alone. For 90 minutes of solar light exposure, the degradation efficiency was 53.3%, and for UV-lamp and visible-lamp exposure it was 36.2% and 39.3%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now days, free space optics (FSO) is one of the emerging technologies in the field of communication which has seen gigantic interest and vast evolution among the researchers. It can be seen as the replacement for the conventional radio frequency communication due to its various advantages of unlicensed band, security, speed as well as the bandwidth. In order to receive high bandwidth it has emerged as a promising technology in today's era. As in case of FSO transmission is done by using optical sources i.e. laser but rather than enclosing data into fibre cable the signal is transmitted via air. In this paper, we mainly contribute towards the general architecture of free space optics network. How data gets transmitted from one point to another while undergoing various attenuation and degradation in the signal because of atmospheric hindrances like snow, rain, fog etc. The main consideration in this paper is towards the high data rate requirement towards the end users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coupling of dynamic loading platforms with synchrotron light sources have enabled experiments examining void formation in optically opaque materials. Much like spallation in a solid, cavitation occurs when rarefaction waves collide within a liquid. The resulting deformation leads to a complex flow field with numerous voids. It has been suggested that compaction of such a structure may be a significant source of ejecta (i.e. shallow bubble collapse). Experiments imaging supported and unsupported shocks interacting with a free surface in shock melted Mg with synchrotron radiation are presented. The results are used to examine the structure of a cavitation plane that forms in the unsupported case and provide an estimate of the porosity within this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SAPOTI will be the second nanoprobe to be installed at the CARNAU´ BA (Coherent X-Ray Nanoprobe Beamline) beamline at the 4th-generation light source Sirius at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). Working in the energy range from 2.05 to 15 keV, it has been designed for simultaneous multi-analytical X-ray techniques, including diffraction, spec-troscopy, fluorescence and luminescence, and imaging in 2D and 3D. Highly-stable fully-coherent beam sizes between 30 and 140 nm, with monochromatic flux up to 1011ph/s/100mA/0.01%BW, are expected with an achromatic KB (Kirkpatrick-Baez) fo-cusing optics that is mounted according to an innovative mechanical design. Then, aiming at single-nanometer resolution images via high-performance 2D mapping and tomography, a new in-vacuum cryogenic sample stage has been developed. In the scan-ning stage, an XYZ mapping range within a spherical radius larger than 1.5 mm, together with positioning control errors of 1 nm RMS at a sampling rate of 10 kHz, and scanning speeds up to hundreds of micrometers per second, have been obtained via a high-dynamic decoupled mechatronic architecture. It consists of a high-bandwidth active-control stage, based on force actuators, high-speed and high-accuracy metrology, and a dynamic filter for reaction forces. Then, from high-resolution 2D maps, full to-mography can be obtained with a rotation range of 220°. Finally, to reach sample temperatures in the range of 100 K and low drift, a thermo-mechanically decoupled solution with a pulse tube cooler is adopted. This work presents a brief technical review the SAPOTI station, and summarizes the innovative mechatronic design and the thermal management of the sample stage, which has been developed according to strict precision engineering principles and a predictive design approach. The promising initial offline commissioning results are also disclosed for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays in Synchrotron Light Sources, the state-of-the-art beam position monitors are Diamond XBPM® [1, 2]. They are used in experimental X-ray beam lines for precision measurements and fast control of the beam position and intensity. Diamond is the best-suited low-absorbing detector material due to its low atomic number Z and the use of pure diamond yields a linear signal response. For hard X-rays the application of Diamond XBPM® has no limit. The limits at low photon energies are determined by the thickness of the sensor and the transmission. Diamond detectors can be produced as thin as 3 μm [3], which is adequate with 1.6 keV X-Rays at 50% transmission. Standard thicknesses are 10 μm for 4.3 keV, 20 μm for 5.4 keV and 50 μm for 7.2 keV at 90% transmission. The superior thermal conductivity of diamond allows the highest ionisation levels and highest X-ray beam intensities. Diamond XBPM® are four-quadrant measurement devices. The technological limit for the gap size between the pads is 1 μm. With Diamond XBPM®, however, even beams as small as 60 nm were measured with the highest precision. This is helped by the diffusion of the ionization charge. Diffusion causes a lateral widening of the ionisation channel which increases the measurement precision for small beams. In this paper, we discuss the effect of charge-carrier diffusion in Diamond XBPM®. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are developing SAKAS (SAga light source data KArte System), which is an image data carte system for synchrotron radiation imaging, such as micro- and phase-contrast X-ray imaging and computed tomography (CT). It handles not only the name and condition of a sample but also all measurement conditions, such as the X-ray imager and beamline used, and image processing, such as the reconstruction and noise reduction filter with a single record file. We have completed the specifications, such as metadata, of the first version, produced the corresponding control and processing software, and installed this version in the micro CT system at the beamline 07 (BL07) at SAGA Light Source and the X-ray crystal-interferometer-based phase-contrast imaging system at the beamline 14C (BL-14C) of the Photon Factory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work we analyzed the sensitivity of crystal orientational analysis using linear dichroism in x-ray microscopy. A calcite sample was investigated at the COherent Scattering and MICroscopy (COSMIC) beamline at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) using conventional scanning transmission x-ray microscopy and ptychography, and data processing was performed with varying numbers of polarization angles using a Python based fitting algorithm to determine the required number of angles needed for orientational analysis with high precision and high angular resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparison of three bundled fiber probes towards liquid sample in fiber optic displacement sensor (FODS); 1TF1RF, 1TF9RF and 1TF16RF using optimized light source is presented by intensity modulation technique. Three light sources; blue, green and red, are firstly optimized based on slope efficiency and lasing threshold. It is found that red diode laser shows the highest slope efficiency with 96% excellent linearity and a small lasing threshold of 0.6 mW implying that it delivers good performance among others. Utilizing optimized red diode laser, two peak voltages are obtained from three displacement curves, each with four slopes. It is shown that 1TF16RF demonstrates the better performance in delivering maximum peak voltages of 2647 mV and 2648 mV with linearity more than 96% and the longest range of 0 to 34.9 mm. The sensitivity of 2nd slope and 3rd slope is in 92% approximation with similar 4.3 mm linear range presenting a good slope stability. The highest slope sensitivity of 1st and 4th indicates the trend of the response curve of 1TF16RF is the most excellent. This result concludes the probe with concentric pattern maximizes light collection and range as well as increasing in the number of receiving fibers is the main cause for the highest sensitivity. The incorporation of optimized light source and the right selection of bundled probe towards liquid surface contributes many potential applications that require longer displacement range especially in automated monitoring control and non-contact measurement of liquid sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the agro-photovoltaic (agri-photovoltaic) system is expected to penetrate the market due to its advantages in some crops and significant potential installation areas. In principle, the agro-photovoltaic system shares solar energy with PV and agriculture, and its appropriate and controlled distribution is the key for the economy. Accurate and reproducible optimization design is essential. Any PV modules can be used for the agro-photovoltaic system. The best may be the transparent CPV that uses direct sunlight to concentrate onto solar cells and diffused sunlight to illuminate the farming light through a transparent backplane. The diffused sunlight for typical CPV modules is not used for electricity generation, and the transparent CPV is utilized as the secondary light source to crops. The diffused sunlight does not create shadow and improves the inhomogeneity of PPFD (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density) from the stripe of shadows by PV modules, thus improving the yield. This paper predicts PPFD by the transparent CPV modules and the effectiveness of its use for the agro-photovoltaic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current of a CPV solar cell is commonly measured at one sun conditions. The concentration ratio under concentrated light is then determined from the current ratio assuming linearity. If this assumption does not hold true, the measurements may be off significantly. Yet measuring the non-linearity is a challenge. We solved it by measuring in 5 steps of factor 4 starting with 1x..4x and ending with 256x..1024x. The light intensity range of each step is set with a perforated sheet attenuator. We applied the superposition principle in each step using a single pulsed light source, a fixed four quarter blind and a shutter wheel that alternately opens one quarter or all quarters. The sequence of 294 light pulses and 49 blind settings is automated to achieve high statistics and low noise. We also show exemplary results with 1.1% super-linearity for a GaAs solar cell and 5.7% for a AlGaInAs solar cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnO/Ag solution has been successfully prepared using the sol-gel method. The coating of the material has been carried out on a glass substrate by the spray coating method. The deposition has been successfully carried out on a glass substrate. A perfectly deposited ZnO/Ag thin film has been obtained. Seeing the photocatalytic properties of the ZnO/Ag thin film to decompose the Malachite Green (M.G) pollutant is the aim of this research. ZnO/Ag thin film will increase the contact area between ZnO/Ag thin film and the polluted solution. Materials were characterized using XRD for phase analysis. Bond vibration analysis was tested by FTIR. SEM test to see the morphology of the ZnO/Ag thin film. Optic properties test is also carried out to determine the transmittance and absorbance of the material. The use of a solar simulator is very interesting as a light source used for photocatalytic testing of ZnO/Ag thin films against Malachite Green. Then, analysis of the results of photodegradation of dye waste using solar simulator test. The photodegradation test was carried out at 10 ppm M.G for 120 minutes. The result of photodegradation using ZnO thin films are 46%. Then photodegradation was also carried out using ZnO/Ag thin films are 55 %. Reuse the same ZnO/Ag thin films are 88 %. This research can be developed further. Because, in addition to its great potential, thin film can reuse with the same or even better performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking advantage of the potential of daylighting in the building helps to save energy used for artificial lighting. In Russia and other countries, where most of the energy is consumed for heating in winter, the increased window area leads to a reduction in the energy costs of artificial lighting but increases the heat loss through the windows blocks. Some studies contain criteria for assessing the feasibility of increasing the area of window, however, the influence of artificial light sources have not included. In this paper, the thermal balance of the room is considered, including the influence of artificial light sources, heat gain from solar radiation and transmission heat loss through window blocks. By calculating the difference in the thermal balance of the room after and before the increase in the window area, an expression of the criterion for evaluating the benefits of increasing the window area by energy indicators was obtained. Based on the cost of heat and electricity, the expression of the criterion for assessing the benefits of economic indicators was proposed. According to the presented criteria, the calculation for different function spaces: residential, office and school classes designed for Moscow was carried out. It is shown that, according to energy indicators, an increase in the window area is unprofitable or low profitable for residential and office premises, but beneficial for the school class. In conclusion, the paper shows the possibility of evaluating the energy efficiency of increasing the area of the window using the developed criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While recent development successes in the field of Perovskite/Silicon tandem solar cells are increasing the relevance of this technology for terrestrial applications, the demand for precise characterization methods for reliable efficiency measurements of such solar cells is accordingly growing. In contrast to the measurement of single junction solar cells, the measurement of tandem solar cells requires a spectral adjustment of the solar simulator spectrum, such that each sub cell of the tandem device generates the same current as it would under reference conditions. Due to their high number of spectrally different light sources current LED based solar simulators can be used to meet this requirement, but they are often not designed for tandem solar cell measurements. Therefore, in this paper we present a new spectral adjustment procedure which enables the use of LED based solar simulators for the measurement of tandem solar cells. The method is based on an initial measurement of the simulator spectrum, where the measurement procedure we introduce considers the thermal sensitivity of the LEDs when calibrating their spectra. Using this approach, the spectra of the single LEDs are not characterized by measuring them separately, but within a full LED spectrum by varying the intensity of the LED under investigation systematically. Since the high number of spectrally different light sources in a LED simulator results in an infinite number of possible spectra for the tandem cell measurement, an additional constraint for the selection of a suitable simulator spectrum is introduced in addition to the sub cell current condition - the spectral similarity of the simulator spectrum to the reference spectrum. An iterative calculation method based on nonlinear optimizations is utilized for the calculation of a suitable simulator spectrum. The relevance of our procedure is confirmed by a measurement comparison with a 3-source-solar simulator at Fraunhofer ISE CalLab, where excellent agreement is achieved in the measurement of a stable, III-V tandem which serves as reasonable proxy for a state-of-the-art Perovskite/Silicon tandem solar cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practical implementation of nanophotonic building blocks of future quantum technology and communication relies on the development of ultrafast highly efficient and reliable quantum light sources. Solid-state emitters of single photons operating at room-temperature face different challenges. Particularly, the plasmonic nanoantennas based on nanoparticles-on-metal nanopatch antennas, are extremely relevant in this regard. Unfortunately, in many cases standard top down lithography cannot be applied for such structures creation. In present report the general overview of application of nano-integration technologies for nano-photonics is given and concrete application of hybrid nanopatch antennas and submicron cavity quantum light source with enhanced radiation performance will be described. We concentrate on the recently demonstrated new hybrid light emitting systems formed by coupled resonators and emitters. The focus ion beam (FIB) nanolithography is used to fabricate an ordered array of pits, which were then filled with silver nanocubes and semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). Using confocal microscopy, it is shown, that the QDs spontaneous emission time in the hybrid nanopatch antennas is reduced strongly and the fluorescence intensity of emitters is increased by more than three times. The conclusion is formulated that the next generation ordered systems of nanoantennas with a high qulity of quantum light can be designed by bottom-up nanointegration technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present the study of polarization characteristics of motorcycle engine lubricants. The characteristics testing was carried out using a light polarizer which is passed through the sample and the change of polarization angle was measured. The light source used in this method is a green laser with a wavelength of 532 nm and a red laser with a wavelength of 632 nm. The linear polarization through the sample was varied via the angle of polarization (0° - 90°) and additionally was used the external electric field (0 to 9 kV) to affect the sample. We show that there is a unique pattern of polarization from varying the angle and that the lubricant has an optical activity. It is also found that variation of external electric fields to the sample results in a nonlinear optics response in the form of a second-order polynomial. The identical behavior of natural and electro-optics polarization shows that the molecular forms of lubricant oils are relatively equal, and can be further developed comprehensively to investigate other kinds of oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: The development of the textile industry can have negative impact on water pollution. The permissible concentration of methylene blue pollutants in the waters has a threshold value of about (5-10) mg/L while the textile industry waste has levels of around (20-30) mg/L. The existence of methylene blue in the waters destroys the ecosystem. Therefore, a wastewater treatment technology that can decompose methylene blue is needed. An alternative method that can be applied in the decomposition process is the photodegradation method using a photocatalyst. The photocatalyst reactor for degrading methylene blue pollutants has been successfully constructed. The reactor is constructed with a series of graded-type construction (4 vertical reservoirs) using TiO2 substrate which is coaxially coated against UV lamp tube (TL type) which is mounted horizontally in the middle of the reservoir. Pollutant degradation tests were carried out using 60 liters of methylene blue 20 ppm with a flow rate of 6 liters/minute for 24 hours. The TiO2 substrate is made with materials composition ratio of 3: 1: 3: 1,3 for TiO2, PEG 4000, resin, and hardener. The photocatalyst reactor is equipped with a photodetector (with a light source in the form of an LED) to determine the level of pollutant degradation (concentration/ppm) which has been calibrated using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (pollutant absorbance level). The test results show that there has been a decrease in the concentration of pollutants from 20 ppm to 11.94 ppm which mean that was able to degrade methylene blue pollutants by 8.06 ppm. Other results showed that the photodegradation rate of methylene blue during the day (10am to 4pm) was higher than other times. So, based on the results obtained, its shows that the implementation of the photocatalyst rector can decompose compounds and reduce water pollution due to methylene blue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of an area is characterized by an increase in population growth and population activity, which should be comparable to the improvement of supporting facilities and infrastructure such as lighting infrastructure. However, with limited resources and energy, lamps are more than just lighting. But also provide efficiency in the use of lamps. Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are considered an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly light source. However, at this time there has been no testing of lamp performance on the effect of current characteristics of LED lamps. Therefore, this paper discusses the effect of current on voltage, temperature, and the illumination of LED lamps. The results of this study indicate that: 1) The average current increase in the LED array lamp is 21.12% causing a temperature increase of 91.37% while causing a decrease in illumination and voltage of 4.82% and 0.52%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the solar street lighting (SSL) planning in Tunggorono village by designing and calculating based on the SNI 7391:2008 standard and the PLTS planning standard. The result showed that Tunggorono village roads require 60 SSL poles of 6m height with the 20° tilt angle arms separated 40m from each other. The village roads have four section where one section is two lane two separated way while the other three roads are single lane two unseparated way. Section 1 requires 14 dual arm SSL installed in the middle of road median and 46 single arm SSL installed on a roadside on section 2, 3, and 4. A dual-arm SSL supports of 2 20W DC LED lights, a 160Wp polycrystalline solar module, two 55Ah VRLA Gel batteries, and a 20A MPPT controller. A single-arm SSL hold up of a 20W DC LED lamp, polycrystalline solar module 100Wp, VRLA Gel 55Ah battery, and 10A MPPT Controller. The calculation of the initial investment for the procurement of 60 SSL components is Rp. 341,425,000.00. Then operational and maintenance costs of the SSL system are IDR 1.780.050.00 per year. Energy costs for investment and operations are Rp. 1,396.77/kWh or 3.32% cheaper than the basic electricity tariff of PLN, which is Rp. 1,444.70/kWh. The feasibility of investing using the NPV, PI, and PP methods shows that the SSL planned in Tunggorono village is feasible to implement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research and development of the light delivery system for Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR), which lowers optical transmitted loss, is still in the spotlight and keeps going. Since the commercial product of hard disk drive (HDD) with HAMR technology has been launched, the important part of HAMR technology, which is optical light delivery or waveguide, still needs to be developed. This paper proposes the study of tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) photonic crystal (PhC) waveguide for the HAMR light delivery system. The Ta2O5 PhC waveguides are designed at a 1,360 nm wavelength, which is simply to find a light source such as a diode laser. The PhC waveguide dimensions were calculated following the photonic bandgap (PBG) theory. The Ta2O5 PhC waveguides were fabricated and tested. The transmitted efficiency and waveguide attenuation loss of the PhC waveguide is studied and compared with the reference waveguide, which is a dielectric waveguide. The transmitted efficiency (%) of Ta2O5 PhC and dielectric waveguides are 87.3% and 87.2%, respectively. The waveguide attenuation loss (dB/mm) of the Ta2O5 PhC and the dielectric waveguide are 0.73 and 4.42 dB/mm, respectively. The waveguide attenuation loss can be described by the physical properties of the material used and waveguide structure design. From the experiment results, the optical transmitted efficiency of the Ta2O5 PhC waveguide is greater than 85%, which is acceptable optical performance. The attenuation loss of the Ta2O5 PhC waveguide is better than the dielectric waveguide considering it is a suitable material used and its waveguide structure design. It is also concluded that the Ta2O5 PhC waveguide is promising as the candidate for light delivery waveguide for HAMR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study characterized Mach-Zehnder Interferometer-plastic optical fiber (MZI-POF) for refractive index sensor with temperature compensation. MZI-POF sensor fabrication was done by using heat-and-pull technique to reduce the diameter of POF at two points separated by 1 cm to form a two-taper MZI structure. The measurement was done by using intensity modulation technique with temperature compensation. Output intensities were observed at two wavelength pairs. Characterization of refractive index sensitivity was done by immersing MZI-POF in several glucose solutions with varying refractive indexes of 1.3330 to 1.3547 at room temperature. The light source used was blue LED light with a wavelength of 430 nm and bandwidth of 80 nm. Meanwhile, the characterization of temperature changes was done by placing MZI-POF in glucose solution with a refractive index of 1.3490 in a temperature chamber. The characterization results showed the refractive index sensitivity of the POF-MZI sensor at the transmittance ratio of λ1/λ5 is 4.2986 / RIU with correlation coefficient of 97.16%. Meanwhile, for λ3/λ5 it has a sensitivity value of 2.8793 / RIU with a correlation coefficient of 97.64%. The sensitivity of the POF-MZI sensor to the temperature at wavelength ratio of λ1/λ5 and λ3/λ5 are 0.0026 /°C and 0.0014 /°C, respectively. By using the four sensitivity values at two wavelength pairs, temperature effect could be eliminated, and the sensor accuracy could be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physics students in higher education need simple experimental activities that they can do independently at home during pandemic era. This study offers a simple experiment in the optics course in the form of an activity to investigate the effect of repeated frying on the refractive index of cooking oil. A red diode laser (645 nm) was used as the light source. The sample used were cooking oil that has not been used and that has been used for frying once to three times. Each sample was placed in a different transparent box. Experiments were carried out by varying the incidence angle from 100 to 600 and measuring the refraction angle. Experiments were recorded with a smartphone camera continuously. Refractive angles were measured using tracker software. By using Snell's law, the results were that the refractive index of cooking oil decreases after repeated frying. This research can be an offer to explain the application of refractive index in optics courses for physics students. In addition, it is also preliminary research in the study of the effect of repeated frying on the quality of cooking oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sheep needs sufficient nutrients to produce optimally. One of the essential feed nutrients is protein. One protein source that is potentially developed is Spirulina platensis which is proven to contain high protein, but its use for sheep is not widely known. For this reason, a study of the production, protein content, and palatability of Spirulina sp. was carried out. Production studies using Spirulina sp. inoculum implanted in growth media in 500 mL culture bottles, fitted with aeration, closed, placed in a cultivation room with a light source from a 40 watt TL lamp. Harvesting was at the age of 10 days. The proximate analysis measured crude protein (CP) content and calculated total digestible nutrients (TDN). The palatability test used sheep in the fattening phase fed dried water spinach and concentrate without and with Spirulina sp. supplementation. The results of the analysis showed that Spirulina platensis contains 60% PK and 74% TDN. With supplementation, feed intake increased, indicating that the sheep's level of preference for Spirulina sp. was good. In conclusion, Spirulina sp. can be used as a protein source and palatable supplement for sheep so that it has prospects to be developed in the future as a substitute for conventional protein sources, which are increasingly expensive and difficult to obtain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work gives the results of mathematical modeling of processes that lie in the basis of the operation of electroluminescent light sources (ELLS) based on powdered zinc sulfide electroluminophores excited by alternating voltage. The propagation of light fluxes in phosphor-dielectric layers is considered depending on their thickness and the volumetric ratio of phosphor — binder, and the absence of an extremum depending on the brightness of the layer thickness is substantiated. It is shown that in case of flexible ELLS based on wire-electrodes, the electric field near the wires turns out to be significantly inhomogeneous, which leads to uneven illumination and unequal rate of phosphor degradation in different regions of the light-emitting layer. It is shown that a change in the design of ELLS together with the use of a rotating electric field to excite the glow, makes it possible to significantly increase the brightness and service life of such emitters. The results of the calculations are confirmed by the data of the experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) or Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI) to kill the pathogenic microbe like Candida albicans and Staphylococcus epidermidis has been more researches. The photoinactivation mechanism utilizes the activation process of sensitizer molecules by light so that an excitation process occurs and gets some reactive compounds such as singlet oxygen. The absorption of a number of the photon energy of light which is called the radiation energy dose which depends on the power output of the light source over a certain period of time. This study aims to compare the effect of photoinactivation on the biofilm associated C. albicans and S. epidermidis after exposure 60 to 300 seconds with two different output power a laser. The light instrument had been designed to use a microcontroller with a green laser completed of the display unit of output power. The results showed that PDI treatment with green laser was able to reduce biofilm cells up to 66.23% (P1 treatment) and 71.37% (P2 treatment). The results of the malondialdehyde (MDA) test showed that the highest value in the PD5 group was (0.389±0.004) nmol/mL. This result is lower than other research because the photoinactivation against microbes associate biofilm is more difficult than a single microbe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stereolithography (SLA) is a form of 3D printing technology in additive manufacturing (AM) that uses a light source either a laser or a projector to cure photosensitive resins into hardened plastics to create objects based on the 3D file format. Material properties are an important aspect in engineering so that suitable materials can be determined for a certain application. In this study, related specimens were fabricated using high temp (HT) SLA resin with different layer thicknesses to evaluate the mechanical and physical properties namely tensile strength, impact resistance, hardness, and density. Based on the experimental results, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) for high temp resin with layer thickness (LT) of 100 µm was better than LT setting of 25 µm with values of 72.84 MPa and 66.82 MPa, respectively. Meanwhile, the impact resistance values obtained from the test showed HT resin with 50 µm LT of printed notched specimens (PN) produced higher impact resistance than machine notched (MN) specimens with values of 22.866 J/m and 15.685 J/m. The hardness readings obtained from the 8 mm specimen thickness for 50 µm LT and 100 µm LT were 87.5 Shore D and 86.4 Shore D. Obviously, thicker specimen thickness result in slightly higher hardness measurements, but the difference was not large. The density values for 100 µm LT and 50 µm LT were 1.2114 g/cm3 and 1.2047 g/cm3, respectively. When compared with the uncured resin, the density of the post-cured condition was slightly denser. Based on the findings, the layer thickness was an important factor that can contribute to the properties of the material. In addition, the stereolithography post-curing process also has an influence on the mechanical properties. Comparisons made with an industrial-grade resin also show that desktop SLA that use high temp resins are considered capable of producing parts comparable to the quality produced by industrial-grade SLA machines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Usage of artificial lighting during the day might seem less serious compared to the other problems associated with energy consumption. But cutting down these and using the abundantly available sunlight as a light source itself will majorly contribute towards energy conservation. This work makes use of Radiance-IES a readily available tool within the IES VE software, a simulation tool which calculates the amount of natural light available within a room or a building in accordance to variety of factors associated with the relationship between the building and the sun and other construction-oriented factors. This paper presents the findings of a general study, aimed to analyze the major factors associated with concluding the amount of useful natural light present in an office building located in the United Arab Emirates (UAE): glare, illuminance and daylight factor. The research was focused to the three main sky conditions available in UAE. The result shows that the uniform cloudy sky provides the maximum glare, maximum illuminance and maximum daylight factor. These results could be used to minimize the usage of artificial lighting in the office building during the day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the characteristics of virgin coconut oil (VCO) based on changes in the angle of polarization with ozonation treatment has been carried out. This study aims to determine the effect of discharge and ozonation time on the magnitude of the change in the transmission polarization angle of the VCO. The method used is transmission polarization. The sample used is ozonated VCO with a fixed volume with varying discharge and ozonation time, as well as ozone dose. The parameter tested on the VCO is the change in the transmission polarization angle, with the light source coming from a green diode laser with a power of 5 mW. The results showed that ozonation affects the value of the change in the polarization angle. The ozonated sample (B, C, and D) had an average change in polarization angle of 1.10° ± 0.07°, which was greater than that of the sample without ozonation (A) of 0.60° ± 0.05°. The dose of ozone in the sample affects the value of the change in the polarization angle, the greater the dose of ozone, the greater the change in the polarization angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cane sugar is frequently added into coconut sap during heating to trigger the sugar granulation despite negative consequences to economic value. The purpose of this study was to design a portable spectrometer to detect the adulteration of cane sugar in granulated coconut sugar. The developed portable spectrometer utilized AS7265x multispectral sensor as the main component. This sensor was equipped with two LEDs as the light source and had 18 channels to read the light reflectance of the coconut sugar in a range from visible to near infrared. We employed two types of neural network with different output to determine the purity of coconut sugar and to classify the level of cane sugar added. The developed neural network consisted of 18 output channels of the instrument as the predictors in the input layer and one hidden layer with 30nodes. To calibrate the instrument, six treatments were prepared with the ratio of cane sugar and coconut sap of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% (w/v). The results showed that the portable spectrometer worked normally and can read the lightreflectance of the coconut sugar. Furthermore, the developed neural network algorithm had an accuracy of 100% to classify300 and 1500 samples of pure and adulterated coconut sugar, respectively. In addition, the average accuracy of the neural network to classify the intensity of cane sugar added to coconut sugar was more than 90%. The developed portable spectrometer and neural network algorithm can successfully detect cane sugar added to granulated coconut sugar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a new primitive that allows soft robots to be physically controlled in a completely non-line-of-sight context using wireless energy - a process we call wireless actuation. Soft robots, which are composed entirely of soft materials and exclude any rigid components, are highly flexible platforms that can change their shape. This paper considers a specific class of soft robots composed of liquid-crystal elastomers (LCE) that are entirely electronics-free and engineered to change shape when heated to 60 °C. Traditionally, such robotic systems must be in line-of-sight of a light source, such as infrared to be moved, or require an external power supply for Joule heating and often take several tens of seconds to heat. We present WASER, a novel RF-based heating platform that allows electronics-free robots to be actuated rapidly (within a few seconds) and potentially in non-line-of-sight. WASER achieves this through innovations in both wireless systems and material science. On the wireless front, WASER develops a new blind beamforming solution that directs high-power wireless energy at fine spatial granularity without electronics on the robot to provide feedback. On the material science front, WASER exhibits heat-responsive shape-morphing and energy-harvesting material functionalities that allow for rapid wireless heating. We implement and evaluate WASER and demonstrate diverse shape-morphing capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides an analysis of the equipment of lighting systems in industrial poultry farming and defines the prospect of using LED lighting devices. In "Udmurt poultry farm" LLC of the city of Glazov of the Udmurt Republic production tests were conducted. Lamps NSP02 and Comtech Fluorescent Line FL26/840 G13 were used to illuminate the poultry houses of the industrial herd. It was determined that in the feeders of the second tier of the cage battery, the average illumination was in the range of 7-10 lux; on the first tier, the illumination of the feeders is 29% less, on the third and fourth - the average actual illumination of the feeders exceeds 2-3 times in comparison with the second tier. Studies have also been conducted to determine the uneven lighting of feeders. These studies have proved that in the feeders of all battery tiers, this indicator does not correspond to the recommended values. The measurements showed that the uneven lighting exceeds the recommended values by 8.3% with incandescent lamps and by 5.6% with fluorescent lamps. The total maintenance costs of lighting systems exceed more than 4.5 times. When using different lighting systems, the number of eggs is estimated depending on the type of light sources used. The radiation of the technological lighting system of the poultry house with incandescent lamps is more consistent with natural sunlight, which creates a favorable light climate for the bird. Based on the conducted research to save energy resources, the LED lamp design is proposed. This lamp will ensure uniform illumination in the vertical plane of the feeders of all poultry house tiers and, accordingly, high productivity of poultry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, Design and development of a LED based outdoor luminaire is proposed and its performance parameters have been analyzed. Variable Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) of the light source can be controlled wirelessly. This light source consists of two arrays of Warm White (WW) and one array of Cool White (CW) LEDs. Light control logic has been developed to control the light output and Correlated Color Temperature (CCT). The range of CCT variation of the test light source lies within the CCT values of the WW and the CW LEDs. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique has been applied to implement the light control logic and embedded in a microcontroller to control the light outputs of two WWLED arrays and a CWLED array of the light source. The developed system has been connected with the light source and controllable by a Smart Phone as a Hand Held Device (HHD) through WiFi connection. Experimental results establish the satisfactory performance of the developed system. It has wide variation in the CCT range, improved illuminance and can provide a controllable soothing nighttime landscape lighting environment as and when necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For vehicle integrated photovoltaics (VIPV) there are possibly specific requirements on the speed of maximum power point tracking. However, a certain delay in the response of solar cells to fast irradiance changes might impact those requirements on the MPPT. The subject of this work is therefore the investigation of the transient electrical behaviour of state-of-the-art silicon heterojunction solar cells. We use a fast switchable LED-array and an oscilloscope to investigate the cell voltage of silicon heterojunction solar cells under transient illumination. We find that these cells have a switch-off delay that is smaller than one millisecond when operated at or close to the maximum power point. This can be assumed to be faster than the time scale on that irradiances change typically occur on a car body while driving. We also find that, after switching off the light source, the transient cell voltage does not show a simple capacitive behaviour, but a more complex characteristic. A theoretical analysis shows that this behaviour can be explained by the nonlinear dependency of the diffusion and depletion capacitance and the minority carrier lifetime on the cell voltage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PV modules made of crystalline silicon solar cells suffer an initial slight loss in peak power, an effect known as "light induced power stabilization". Many module producers know this effect and have this light induced degradation (LID) included in their product guarantee. Before starting the IEC reliability tests, PV modules need to show a stable output. Which is why they must be exposed to natural sunlight or an artificial light source in a solar simulator at over 20kWh/m2. This power stabilization test is also compulsory according to the IEC 61215 standard on certification of photovoltaic modules. When different combinations of module materials are tested for durability in, for instance, damp heat (DH) or thermal cycle (TC) testing, stable solar cells are needed as a reference to distinguish between the various effects of the materials. This makes it possible to distinguish between the different aging effects. In the performed experiments, durability testing results with and without light soaking (40kWh) were compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's Wi-Fi innovation is growing at a rapid pace. Since the remote range is often obstructed, each open spot and private office has Wi-Fi. Because of its efficiency, RF impedance is becoming more common, resolving the problem and paving the way for light fidelity (Li-Fi) innovation. Li-Fi uses LED light sources to transmit data over long distances. Visible Light Communication (VLC) is another name for this technique to create a new way of using Li-Fi as a remote advanced technique. This is a clever way to have internet connectivity. Information transferred from a host PC using visual light correspondence. As a result, the photodetector will benefit. Li-Fi serves as a remote interface between the sender and the receiver. Using Li-Fi technology, we will track the patient and update the patient's condition. The main goal of this paper is to use LEDs to transmit data (Light Emitting Diode). VLC is becoming more widely accepted as an innovative and promising technology for achieving short-range, high-speed, and large-capacity wireless data transmission, thanks to the growing popularity of solid-state lighting devices. A real-time video broadcast system prototype using inexpensive commercially available light emitting diode (LED) lamps is proposed in this paper. Experiments show that by properly arranging LED sources and improving focus effects, real-time video with a maximum distance of 2 feet can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]