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The implementation of polar drive (PD) at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) will enable the execution of direct-drive implosions while the facility is configured for x-ray drive. The Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE), in collaboration with LLNL, LANL and GA, is implementing PD on the NIF. LLE has designed and participates in the use of PD implosions for diagnostic commissioning on the NIF. LLE has an active experimental campaign to develop PD in both warm and cryogenic target experiments on OMEGA. LLE and its partners are developing a Polar Drive Project Execution Plan, which will provide a detailed outline of the requirements, resources, and timetable leading to PD-ignition experiments on the NIF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Longitudinal and differential transverse energy distributions of electrons emitted from GaAs-photocathodes are studied at room (295 K) and low (90 K) temperatures. The obtained data prove that electron energy loss as well as elastic electron scattering are of crucial importance in the electron transfer through the GaAs(Cs,O)vacuum interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discourse on Employee-Driven Innovation (EDI) centers on the initial stages of the EDI process: idea generation, evaluation and implementation However, a research gap exists concerning the internal structure of the EDI process - specifically, its phases and influencing factors. In this paper, the phenomenon of EDITRANSOR - transition of EDI into Organizational Routine (OR) is presented. Preliminary findings, drawn from two distinct cases, center on exploring the internal structure of EDITRANSOR and the factors that influence it. By employing a case study method, the research extends the understanding of the EDI process in three significant ways. Firstly, it highlights the EDITRANSOR phases, with the unexplored phase of EDI solidification into OR. Secondly, it demonstrates categories of factors enabling and impeding the process. Thirdly, it suggests that factors vary across EDITRANSOR phases. Research findings hold practical value, allowing organizations with ongoing or planned EDI programs to update their policies accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the scholarly community has been eagerly exploring how AI‐produced content should be integrated into both academic writing and scholarly publishing. This paper investigates the prevailing responses to the introduction of ChatGPT in November 2022 and the interest that has been afforded it by both the academy and the publishing industry. A review of the published literature on aspects of ChatGPT authorship was carried out, finding that government and the publishing industry have unequivocally asserted that large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT do not possess the traits of a person and are not able to author texts as a result. Other approaches, including practice, have been less vehement. To assess the integration of instructions on referencing ChatGPT using APA, top Google hits in the.edu domain were collected and analyzed over a 6‐week period from March 14 to April 18, 2023, a time during which official recommendations of the APA Style were finalized. Findings reveal that librarians were quick to provide guidance, but slow to update that guidance, contributing to the potential for misunderstanding the affordances of and best practices for work with LLMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2021 particle physics community study, known as "Snowmass 2021", has brought together particle physicists around the world to create a unified vision for the field over the next decade. One of the areas of focus is the Underground Facilities (UF) frontier, which addresses underground infrastructure and the scientific programs and goals of underground-based experiments. To this effect, the UF Supporting Capabilities topical group created two surveys for the community to identify poten-tial gaps between the supporting capabilities of facilities and those needed by current and future experiments. Capabilities surveyed are discussed in this report and include underground cleanroom space size and specifications, radon-reduced space needs and avail-ability, the assay need and other underground space needs as well timeline for future experiments. Results indicate that future, larger experiments will increasingly require underground assembly in larger, cleaner cleanrooms, often with better radon-reduction systems and increased monitoring capability for ambient contaminants. Most assay needs may be met by existing worldwide ca-pabilities with organized cooperation between facilities and experiments. Improved assay sensitivity is needed for assays of bulk and surface radioactivity for some materials for some experiments, and would be highly beneficial for radon emanation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Character education is a key that needs to be instilled in the foundation of the nation and state in order to create unique characters in the quality of their human resources (HR). However, it needs to be realized at this time; many students have lost their virtuous character by religious and state norms so that these actions become deviant. This setback occurs because of the failure of education in forming good character in students. Transforming local cultural values is a key to building and repairing the potential loss of student character. They return to the norms and characters that apply in their environment by integrating them into thematic learning in elementary schools. This research was conducted in the city of Sragen by involving the character values of the local wisdom of the Sragen community. This study aims to analyze and integrate the values of local wisdom into thematic learning in elementary schools. This research uses a case study qualitative research type. This study uses the participation of the Sragen community, observations, informants, and document archives to obtain data and their relevance. The study results show that the values of local wisdom can improve students' character and their relevance to thematic learning, especially in class IV related to several subjects, namely, Indonesian, IPS, and IPA. This research implies that educators or all stakeholders must be aware of the importance of local wisdom to correct potential deficiencies and encourage the use of local wisdom as a model to improve students' character in each region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the innovation strategy formulation in public sector organizations. Specifically, it focuses on the innovation strategy formulation process, document output and the support ISO56000 innovation management standards provide for such a formulation process. Therefore, this paper presents a case study in a Swedish municipality formulating an innovation strategy. As a result, the paper describes the two main innovation strategy formulation phases: the experimental pre-phase and the emergent strategy phase with its sub-phases and the contributing actor-stakeholders. Furthermore, it reveals the areas where the innovation management standards supported the innovation strategy formulation process and its output. Moreover, the paper illustrates the challenges the political-administrative nature of organizing in the public sector causes for innovation work. The paper contributes to the literature on strategic management, especially public sector innovation management literature regarding innovation strategy planning and innovation management standard use in a municipal context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are responsible for the production of the main component of the solar s-process distribution. Despite enormous progress in the theoretical modeling of these objects over the last few decades, many uncertainties remain. The still-unknown mechanism leading to the production of 13C neutron source is one example. The nucleosynthetic signature of AGB stars can be examined in a number of stellar sources, from spectroscopic observations of intrinsic and extrinsic stars to the heavy-element isotopic composition of presolar grains found in meteorites. The wealth of available observational data allows for constraining the processes occurring in AGB interiors. In this view, we discuss recent results from new AGB models including the effects of mixing triggered by magnetic fields, and show comparisons of the related s-process nucleosynthesis with available observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an approach to document research data in a human and machine readable way by creating JSON-LD metadata files based on the m4i ontology. m4i is based on top level ontologies and reuses concepts of widely accepted ontologies to embed information modelled in m4i in larger contexts like a knowledge graph connecting research data with projects, actors, methods, tools and publications. We use a real-life research example from the engineering domain to show how to describe a research process with its object of research, the different steps with input and output data, the actors, and the used methods and tools. The resulting metadata files can serve as low-threshold documentation in a file system, as an exchange format between tools, as an input for data repositories and as a source of information to be used by scripts and tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research is to present an overview of the conceptual framework of sports statistical data fabric techniques as an approach for using information technology systems for analyzing sports statistical data to develop athletes' potential. This literature review shows that the development of advanced statistical methods for match prediction and selection of athletes by using sports statistical data to analyze the correlation and correlation of the data creates an information system with sports statistics data fabric techniques provide excellent cognitive results. The information obtained is accurate and accurate. From the results of the study, it was born as a new body of knowledge with in-depth conceptual frameworks in sports and scope of information as a basis for development sports with specific characteristics of physical fitness. The knowledge gained from the conceptual framework, this research can create new norms and knowledge in sports toward the development of athletes to their highest potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic semiconducting materials provide only narrow absorption bands, in contrast to classical, inorganic semiconductors. Concerning photovoltaic applications this is considered as a drawback; however, in combination with plant cultivation the narrow-band absorption provides a unique advantage: Organic solar cell devices with high transparency between 1.75 and 3.5 eV can be designed, being translucent exactly in the spectral range where chlorophyll is predominantly active in natural photosynthesis. These organic photovoltaic-based agrivoltaics are called "AgrOPV". Common active layer materials already fulfill the requirements for AgrOPV application; the suitability of the other materials used in the photovoltaic layer stack, instead, is hardly investigated and widely uncertain. In order to provide guidance for future developments, we will discuss the suitability of charge transport and electrode materials for AgrOPV applications, mainly on the basis of their absorptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture plays a critical role in the economy of many countries. Pesticide and herbicide solutions make the farm field disinfect the pest, rats, and other living organisms that destroy the goods. Doing all these processes manually takes lots of time and requires several workers to work in the fields. Moreover, close contact with pesticide and herbicide solutions can disturb many organs' functionality in the human body and cause nerve damage and chronic diseases for farmers. This paper proposes an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with an adjustable angle of the sprayer to lift the heavy load (up to five kilograms) for pesticides/herbicides. The UAV decreases the farmers' contact with toxic substances and increases the farms' productivity. It also has a built-in GPS and Surveillance camera for the farmers to monitor the farm precisely. With a unique foldable design, farmers can carry it around easily. A UAV with four propellers (Quadcopter) has been designed and successfully tested during this project. Based on the testing results, the spraying time with the UAV has improved by about 83.4% compared with the manual process. The farmers can safely and quickly use the UAV to disinfect the farm field with the proposed solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyses the architecture of a longitudinal assessment tool used in a strategic project to develop mathematical creativity involving ex-ante, in itenere, and the ex-post assessment sessions. This analysis envisages the curriculum vision of the creativity test, the teleological configuration, the types of competencies to achieve, and the operational objectives of the evaluation. The matrix explaining the operational objectives with the objectives of the creativity test, design, pretesting, and the statement of each item is discussed. The table explaining correspondence between items and the objectives of the scale are elaborated with the correction scheme and the grading scale. The difficulty and discrimination coefficient for each item are calculated, and the evaluation criteria of the overall qualities (objectivity, applicability, fidelity, and validity) is explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study a residual–based a posteriori error estimate for the solution of Dirichlet boundary control problem governed by a convection diffusion equation on a two dimensional convex polygonal domain, using the local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) method with upwinding for the convection term. With the usage of LDG method, the control variable naturally exists in the variational form due to its mixed finite element structure. We also demonstrate the application of our a posteriori error estimator for the adaptive solution of these optimal control problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we examine the phenomenon of employee-driven digital innovation in a public-sector context. Using a qualitative research design, we aim to identify institutional, organizational and individual drivers and barriers to employee-driven digital innovation, with a Norwegian municipality as our focal point of study. The research was conducted by interviewing eleven employees with different connections to four digital innovation projects in the municipality. The aim of this research is to establish the innovation drivers and barriers that exist in the public sector in relation to employee-driven digital innovation, in order to increase insight into these innovation processes for both academics and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business process modeling plays a fundamental role in organizations that are restructuring their processes to meet the challenges of increasing digitalization and globalization. However, the geographic distribution of process stakeholders, the abstract non-contextual modeling languages, and the resulting low motivation to participate make process modeling difficult. In this paper, we present a design science research approach that resolves these problems using virtual reality. Based on empirical evidence, we first developed design principles to increase employee engagement. Subsequently, a virtual reality application was generated, that enables the placing of process models in realistic and immersive working environments. We developed the application continuously in four evaluation cycles and finally tested it in terms of usefulness in three field studies. The results of this study contribute to more context awareness in business process management and provide design knowledge for future industrial virtual reality applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gliomas are the most common neuroepithelial brain tumors, different by various biological tissue types and prognosis. They could be graded with four levels according to the 2007 WHO classification. The emergence of non-invasive histological and molecular diagnostics for nervous system neoplasms can revolutionize the efficacy and safety of medical care and radically reduce healthcare costs. Our pilot study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of deep learning (DL) in subtyping gliomas by WHO grades (I-IV) based on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from Burdenko Neurosurgery Center's database. A total of 707 MRI studies was included. A "3D classification" approach predicting tumor type for the entire patient's MRI data showed the best result (accuracy = 83%, ROC AUC = 0.95), consistent with that of other authors who used different methodologies. Our preliminary results proved the separability of MR T1 axial images with contrast enhancement by WHO grade using DL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to give the evidence that the formation of students' cognitive initiative as a part of integrative personality development by means of a foreign language becomes a defining factor in training a competitive specialist. A sufficiently high level of mental development, a strong memory, having the logic for reasoning, broadening one's horizons, working capacity, perseverance, etc. all these contribute to students success. However, even with all of these qualities, it is necessary to constantly stimulate students' interest in learning, for the knowledge they acquire to be meaningful and value-oriented. In this regard, not only the development of students' cognitive activity, but the formation of cognitive initiative as a readiness for independent actions and students determination and enterprise is of particular relevance. As such, it becomes a prerequisite in the development of students cognitive activity and leads to independent and active performing of actions to solve tasks assigned. Based on teaching experience, the authors outlined vectors for the development of cognitive initiative and presented the structure of students' initiative as an interconnection of educability, creativity and intelligence. To teach initiative successfully one should firstly determine its initial level of formation. Through investigation and analysis of psychological and pedagogical research literature, generalization of teaching experience and method of expert assessment, the researchers determined and distributed criteria for the formation of students initiative in the process of learning a foreign language at low, medium, and high levels; structural components of students cognitive initiative were distinguished as the basis for that. Furthermore, to practically test the goal stated, the forming experiment was undertaken. The authors highlighted the areas for teaching and mastering university students initiative within EFL and accentuated methodological search and improvement of certain pedagogical methods, tools and approaches viewing them through the prism of cognitive perspective. These areas are students' academic work, built on advanced technologies; students' research work; both organized and independent extracurricular activities; and undertaking additional professionally oriented foreign language educational programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a long time, research into the exploitation of the innovation potential of ordinary employees has focused on concepts such as intrapreneurship, internal corporate venturing or corporate entrepreneurship. Recently, a new concept that embraces the same principles has emerged: employee-driven innovation. As a result of the digital shift in society affecting both private and public companies, digital innovation has attracted increased attention, as another concept under the innovation umbrella. Researchers are trying to establish models that can explain how digital innovation affects organisations and societies, both in terms of processes and outcomes. In this paper we perform a systematic literature review with the aim of establishing the state-of-the-art link between employee-driven innovation and digital innovation as a coalescent approach to innovation. Through a review of contributions from the period 2015-2019, we have identified 13 primary studies that have been included in our research. Based on these primary studies, we elaborate existing research streams, identify knowledge gaps, and pose new research questions that could lead to further research related to the concept of employee-driven digital innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a significant academic increase in the field of entrepreneurship since 2010, this has resulted in dramatic increase of organizational- as well as course initiatives at universities across the globe. There is an ongoing debate regarding suitable ways to teach entrepreneurship spanning between arguments for more theoretical- or more practical approaches. Entangled in higher education uptake of entrepreneurship is also the concept of innovation, and student- and faculty driven innovation initiatives. In this paper, we present experiences from action research engagement in building, scaling and exporting entrepreneurship education and university innovation strategy during a 10 year period. We present data from eight action -- reflection cycles. Findings are presented in a discussion format as implications for entrepreneurship course development, and implications for university innovation management. Implications for course development are to i) teach entrepreneurship "as a method", ii) push for interdisciplinary classes, iii) emphasize group projects, and finally iv) use entrepreneurial witnesses. Implications for university innovation strategy are to i) use a broad definition of the concept, ii) own the agenda, iii) nurture early phases of ideas, and finally iv) build the innovation ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of teaching entrepreneurship within American universities has steadily increased over the past decade. As universities continue to implement entrepreneurship as a major or concentration, little is known about the impact it has on developing entrepreneurs for the future. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine whether cognitive complexity is a better tool to develop entrepreneurs than providing an entrepreneurial degree or concentration. Results indicate that most entrepreneurs who took part in the study did not have entrepreneurship as a major or concentration but believed that the skills taught in their business classes provided a template to become an entrepreneur. The communication skills, problem-solving skills, and flexibility which are components of cognitive complexity were all vital in their entrepreneurial success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radical product innovations are a key factor for the competitiveness of companies. However, companies fail to implement an adequate number of radical product innovations. At this, especially in the early phases of the idea implementation, companies do not know which innovation-enhancing factors, e.g. the cooperation with complementors, are the key factors for accelerating or enabling the innovation based on its needs. As a result, companies are not able to fully exploit the objective success potential of an idea and consequently fail to frequently introduce radical product innovations. To face this issue, this paper presents a model which allows to identify type-specific innovation-enhancing factors at different stages of the innovation process to satisfy the respective innovation needs. For this, radical innovation types and innovation needs are analyzed. Additionally, the innovation-enhancing factors respectively catalysts are investigated and their contribution to the analyzed innovation needs is determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technical elastomers are indispensable in the field of mechanical engineering, due to their material properties. Based on their damping characteristic, they are often used to avoid load peaks and to influence the vibration behavior of dynamically loaded systems. Nevertheless, elastomers have not been investigated as intensively as other materials in the field of damage accumulation and lifetime prediction. This paper presents a simulation model for lifetime prediction of elastomer components. The lifetime is defined as the number of load cycles till the global damage reaches the value 1. This damage is calculated by a failure criterion based on the change of a characteristic value like the dynamic stiffness degradation from a finite-element (FE) simulation. The presented lifetime prediction model uses a damage-dependent material model (Yeoh-Model) and a nonlinear damage accumulation model (nlSAM), which was developed at the chair of Engineering Design and Plastics Machinery at the University of Duisburg-Essen. Both models are calibrated by means of experimental data from dynamically loaded elastomer components. The nlSAM computes the local damage for each finite element depending on material stresses and pre-damage. The dynamic stiffness degradation is a result of locally changed material properties in the FE simulation due to the damage of each element. Finally, the lifetime prediction for unknown loads and different component geometries of the elastomer is carried out, which shows good agreement with the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]