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This commentary examines Diego Garrocho's paper, "Mythological Sources of Memory and Oblivion." I argue that Garrocho's thesis hinges on the assumption that two historical continuities exist between myth and philosophy. First, it supposes a continuity of understanding : between the mythical conception of memory and oblivion, and the philosophical reformulation of the same, there lies no essential difference; both the mythical and philosophical traditions share a univocal, or at least analogical, concept of memory and oblivion. Second, it supposes a continuity of appreciation : memory and oblivion are valued at various stages in the history of thought in univocal or analogical ways. I go on to see whether these continuities have taken place within the work of Plato, who, I argue, is an axial figure between myth and philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigates feasibility of establishing hybrid photovoltaic-wind power plant to generate electricity and then hydrogen using Homer software for city of Hendijan in the Southwest of Iran. The findings shows that the city is capable of generating 3153762 kWh of electricity for a Photovoltaic-wind power hybrid system annually, and then produce 31680 kg of hydrogen for constructing a hybrid system consisting of: wind turbine of GE 1.5sl model, a 4-kilowatt photovoltaic system, and a 100 kg hydrogen tank. It is concluded that establishment of hybrid plant in this location is economically feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an economic, technical and environmental aspects for constructing 20 MW installed capacity grid connected photovoltaic power plants in a village at Chlef region, Algeria. The meteorological data (global solar radiation, wind speed, wind direction, air temperature and relative humidity) were measured at Ouled Fares site in Chlef, from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017. The energy load requirement for a village of 10000 habitations is carefully estimated to be ten thousand times of a daily load data measured in one house. Available converters and photovoltaic modules are chosen for this study. The data and the components were used to conduct the feasibility analysis using HOMER software in terms of financial parameters for the site, energy production and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The simulation results found that, the optimal grid-connected system meets the village energetic needs and injects into the grid more than the usually purchased electricity. For the case study, the optimal architecture system has 20000 kW of PV modules, 12200 kW of converter and 4000 kW of grid. It produces 49,874,023 kWh/yr with 77.9% of the energy are produced by the photovoltaic generator and 22.1% are purchased from the grid. The system is able to meet energy requirements load of 20,000,000 kWh/yr of the village with 2.09% energy in excess about 1,040,000 kWh/yr. The simulation results show that the optimal PV/connected system has an initial cost of 26.9 $M and a low NPC of 8.21 $M with COE 0.0135 $/kWh. The obtained results lead to the conclusion that grid connected photovoltaic energy systems are very favorable for Chlef region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Algeria, Electrical energy demand has knew a significant growth in recent years. The important increase in demand is due to the development of industrial and commercial sectors, and the comfort of residents customers by using multiple equipment of household such as the TV, ventilator, especially air-conditioners in the south of Algeria. To address the problem of imbalance between supply and demand, it is compulsory to add other units of productions of electricity. These units can be use conventional sources or renewable energy sources. This study focuses on the feasibility of hybridizing diesel power plants supplying the isolated villages in southern Algeria by the introduction of PV systems. The town of Djanet was taken as a case study. The comparison between the different technical and economic parameters allows determining the contribution of the hybridization of conventional resources of production. However, the cost-effectiveness based on the net present cost (NPC) is estimated at 176, $ 054.208 for the hybrid system and 194, $ 965.280 for all Diesel system. In terms of the cost per kWh produced by the two systems, the kWh produced by the hybrid system is less expensive than the kWh produced by any conventional diesel system is 0.551$ / kWh against 0.610$ / kWh. The results also show that the hybrid system provides coverage of the expected load in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the growing demand for energy and limited fossil energy resources, followed by increase in prices of fossil energy carriers, the need for using renewable energy is becoming even more tangible. Wind and solar energy are the most important types of renewable energy sources. In The paper, the weather maps were investigated based on wind regimes and solar radiation maps in different parts of the Hormozgan province in a period of 5 years from 2009 to 2013, and considering the effective parameters in choosing the location of wind solar plants, AHP algorithm was used to determine the best location for the construction of solar wind plants, and then The HOMER software was used to optimize and analyze the sensitivity of an off-grid Solar Wind Power Plant for a remote village in the city of Bandar Lengeh in Hormozgan province in iran. Power generation to meet peak electric charge demand of 217 KW and energy consumption of 3 MWh/d was simulated as off-grid power, and above from determination of the wind and solar energy contribution in the supply of the overall consumer electric charge, it was economically investigated as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using off grid hybrid renewable energy systems for rural electrification has become an attractive solution for those areas, where grid electricity is not feasible or cost of the grid extension is relatively large. Hybrid system combines several energy systems together, therefore it can supply high reliable electricity rather than a PV/battery system or a wind/battery system. But the most important thing is that the system should be economically attractive. To achieve both of these features, each of the components in the hybrid system should be optimally sized. This requires a detailed techno-economic analysis of different possible hybrid system configurations. The objective of this study is to investigate an optimum combination of different energy systems which can supply electricity to a rural community in Sri Lanka at an affordable price with an accepted level of reliability. The analysis of the hybrid system is done using the micro grid optimization software “HOMER”. A PV/wind/battery/ generator hybrid system is selected because the selected area receives abundant of sunlight and wind power throughout the year with an annual average solar radiation of 5.32 kWh/m2/day and an annual average wind speed of 6.27 ms−1. The system with capacities, 20 kW-PV, 40 kW-wind, 20 kW-generator and a battery bank with 40 batteries is chosen as the optimal hybrid system configuration based on the HOMER optimization and sensitivity results. It can supply the electricity with a levelized cost of 0.36 $/kWh, which is substantially higher than the price of the grid electricity in Sri Lanka. But due to the unavailability of the national grid, this type of system is required to supply the electricity for rural communities to improve the rural lifestyle and at the mean time these systems will help to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions as well. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Reasonably selecting the capacity of different types of DGs is the key element to guarantee that microgrid system can operate economically and reliably. Firstly a grid-connected hybrid wind/solar/storage micro-grid system is constructed and the output models of various distributed generations are built. On the basis of correction of wind speed and atmospheric density, the power of wind turbine is predicted by linear interpolation. The output of the photovoltaic generation system is calculated by using the Hay, Davies, Klucher and Reindl model(HDKR model). In order to determine the amount of energy that can be absorbed by or withdrawn from the battery bank each time step, this paper uses the Kinetic battery model. Then considering tax collection of greenhouse gas emission and reliability of the system, an optimal configuration design method is proposed, taking minimizing the whole life cycle cost of the system as the optimization objective. Finally, based on the weather conditions in Yantai city, a simulation analysis is performed, the optimal configuration scheme meeting the load is given. According to Chinese meteorological conditions, a sensitivity analysis of the wind speed and solar resource is given and optimal results are obtained on different conditions. The results are conducive to Chinese planning and design work of the micro-grid. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper discusses the advantages of adding a battery storage system to isolated load not served by the grind and continuously running under a Diesel Generator. Even though adding batteries means increasing the Initial Cost of the system, the resulting Cost of Energy produced as well as the total Net Present Costs are sensibly being reduce while using the hybrid Diesel generator-battery system. HOMER is used to compare the technical, economical and environmental characteristics of the hybrid system to the stand alone diesel generator. Finally, the Cost of Energy produced as well as the total Net Present Costs can be further reduced by optimally sizing and applying optimal control strategies to the hybrid system. The decision variables as well as the objective function for the optimal sizing and operation control of the hybrid diesel generator-battery system have been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Both grid-tied and off-grid diesel power plants are operational throughout the country. Integration of wind power into traditional diesel-only power supply system reduces the green house gases and thereby global warming. Many researches are conducted in improving the performance of the system but unfortunately the actual design of a hybrid wind-diesel system is less worked upon. In this work, we have built and simulated a wind-diesel hybrid system using the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) and compared the operational and economic parameters with traditional diesel system parameters, widely used in rural India. The economic perspective in the design is highlighted with suitable graphical plots. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

South Africa like most countries in the world has scarcity of electrical energy. Demand is becoming greater than available capacity of power supply. This has promulgated lots of research in generation capacity enhancement. Climate change pressure has also resulted in research going into alternative sources of power production. Extensive efforts are being made to reduce the country's intense reliance on coal and hence environmental impact by energy sector. This paper stems from the same objective. It looks at domestic solar photovoltaic as one alternative source of energy to supply residential areas. The questions to be answered are: whether this is a feasible approach and what design options can be considered. Solar data will be used to calculate energy potential in kilowatt hours. Using load profile data for Cape Town, estimations of viable design options will be determined. This analysis is done in HOMER software. At the moment solar PV (photovoltaic) is expensive especially when it is off grid. Lately, research has been directed into integrating of solar PV to the grid so that the two systems can supplement each other. Energy from the grid will be used when there is no solar radiation available. During the days when there is abundant radiation and excess power is generated, homeowners can supply power to the national grid. The sell-back plan will help the utility to increase their capacity. It will also shorten the payback period of homeowners' capital investment. While there seems to be perks around solar PV, there are also some technical, economic and political issues surrounding this technology. The paper will not dwell more on technical and political issues. More focus is on an economic feasibility study that proposes feasible design approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This project develops a mini-grid hybrid power system to provide reliable supply of clean water supply for rural areas and emergency relief conditions. This design process includes the mini-grid power system with desalination plant and economic analysis for the whole project life cycle. The mini-grid power supply introduces solar power as the sole power supply after considering the geographical conditions of rural areas that make it not viable to build transmission line interconnection with the existing National Grid. Currently, these remote areas are highly depending on diesel generators which the transportation cost of fuel is often unaffordable. Furthermore, natural disasters such as tsunami, flood, earthquake, typhoon and volcanic eruption usually results in isolated areas which creates plenty of opportunities for renewable energy applications in emergency relief conditions where the massive destruction of infrastructures for power and clean water supply usually took place. The design scenario of mini-grid power system will be utilising solar and batteries as the energy storage system. This mini-grid power system will be supplying reliable power supply for desalination plant to provide clean water supply. The economic issues that will be considered are the initial capital cost invested, the total net present cost (NPC), the cost of electricity (COE) generated by the system per kWh and the simple payback time (SPBT) for the project. In addition, this project will support the renewable energy applications to reduce the green house gas (GHG) emission as following Malaysia's commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emission intensity by 40% by 2020. The simulation studies will be based on an actual set of conditions in a remote area in Pulau Tuba, Langkawi using HOMER. Experimental prototype of mini-grid inverter and desalination plant are developed to verify the reliability of power and water supply. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Both grid-tied and off-grid diesel power plants are operational throughout the country. Integration of wind power into traditional diesel-only power supply system reduces the green house gases and thereby global warming. Many researches are conducted in improving the performance of the system but unfortunately the actual design of a hybrid wind-diesel system is less worked upon. In this work, we have built and simulated a wind-diesel hybrid system using the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) and compared the operational and economic parameters with traditional diesel system parameters, widely used in rural India. The economic perspective in the design is highlighted with suitable graphical plots. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper presents techno-economic viability analysis for 5 MW solar photovoltaic (PV) systems at Gujarat (India). The per unit electricity purchase cost by Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam Limited (GUVNL) is 15'/kWh for first 12 years from the date of commercial production and 5'/kWh from 13th to 25th years of operation. The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and equity payback are found to be around 16.6 % and 7.8 years respectively without considering any clean energy facilities. The total annual green house gas (GHG) reduction is estimated to be 10504 tons. HOMER and RETScreen computer tools are used for the analysis. Monthly average solar radiation data from India Metrological Department and NASA SSE is used for this study. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper deals with the optimal cost analysis of hybrid renewable energy system (HRES). The optimal cost analysis of HRES is done using Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER). The HOMER energy modeling software is a powerful tool for designing and analyzing hybrid power systems, which contain a combination of conventional generators, cogeneration, wind turbines, solar photovoltaic's, hydropower, batteries, fuel cells, hydropower, biomass and other inputs. It is currently used all over the world by tens of thousands of people. HRES provides the electrical power for a remote located area. In this paper work, real time optimal cost analysis of HRES is done based on the load profile, solar radiation and wind speed which was collected from Mandapam in Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu in India. HOMER is used here to optimize the system based upon the Total Net Present Cost (TNPC). Moreover, the optimization of system is obtained by varying the sensitivity variables like solar radiation, wind speed etc. Cash flow summary of the HRES system is obtained which will be useful for the optimal cost allocation of each individual component present in the system. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The telecommunications industry has the greatest coverage among all utilities. Remote areas of the country that have no roads, grid-electricity, land line telephones or gas, still receive network coverage from one or more telecom companies. However, the Base Transceiver Systems (BTS) that these companies used in off-grid areas are dependent on on-site diesel generators, and the frequent maintenance and refueling that this entails. This paper analyses the costs of the solar-diesel hybrid systems, and the cost of electricity generated by such a system. It has been found that the cost of such a system comes to US$ 0.625 per kWh of electricity, using the hybrid configuration currently under consideration by mobile telecom operators. This configuration assumes that the generator will run for 2.5 to 3 hours, and provide energy for 8 to 10 hours. However, increasing the size of the panels will reduce the cost of electricity, keeping other factors constant. Traditional capital budgeting analysis and HOMER analysis are done to find out the energy cost and also for sensitivity analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Global warming due to greenhouse gas emission and the energy scarcity worldwide are prompting almost all the countries in the world to look for alternative sources of energy. Energy situation in Bangladesh is extremely critical and its major power stations are run by natural gas. Presently, the gas reserve has fallen to such an alarming level that if no new reserves are discovered then this reserve may last for another 6∼7 years. So generation of electricity from the alternative sources has become the crying need for Bangladesh. Bangladesh is known to have a good potential for renewable energy. Particularly solar energy is abundant in Bangladesh and can fruitfully be harnessed. In Bangladesh, nearly 75% of the population lives in rural areas and only about 30% of the rural households have access to grid electricity. Even fortunate people who have access to grid connection do not receive the power most of the time in summer due to unbearable load shedding. Alternative solution is to introduce solar home systems for the rural households in off-grid areas and to introduce solar grid hybrid system for the rural grid areas. In this paper, the cost of energy has been calculated for households using solar PV in the grid and non grid areas. Cost calculation has been made through Homer simulation assuming a moderate load for rural households. In grid areas, the optimum cost of energy is 4.5 taka per unit. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the benefit of introducing solar PV both in grid and non grid areas to reduce the pressure on the existing grid network and to save money from the government exchequer in terms of laying transmission and distribution networks. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper proposes design for an off grid solar-wind-diesel hybrid power system for a remote locality. At first availability of solar and wind resources for different locations in Bangladesh has been studied. According to the solar irradiance and wind speed data Swandip has been chosen as project site. To save energy, we have designed the load for this locality. Using HOMER, different combinations have been tested to find the optimized solution considering both cost and electricity production. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, we analyze long-term data of solar radiation, spanning a period of 23 years, of the town of Adrar located in the western south of Algeria to evaluate technical-economic feasibility of using a photovoltaic system. The aim is to answer at load demand of a typical residential house with the annual electric energy demand of 8000kWh, an average calculated according to a study made by the Algerian government and to limit carbon emissions. Simulation results using the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) software is proposed. The optimization modeling demonstrates that 100% of power demand can be supplied by a PV configuration composed of 8kW PV system together with battery storage of 37.5h of autonomy. The PV penetration is 146%, the cost of generating energy from the considered PV system has been found to be 0.46 $/kWh. It is shown that with the proposed photovoltaic system, approximately 11 tons/year of the carbon emissions entering the atmosphere can be reduced for one house only. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Capricorn Coast's is the most promising and growing regions in Queensland, Australia due to the national and international ecological icon Great Keppel Island and the Great Barrier Reef. Over the last couple of decades, these places attracted the attention of the local communities, national and international tourists which caused steady growth of population in the Capricorn Coast region. This growing population has not only increased the electricity demand but also caused significant damages to the climate in many ways. In this study, a feasibility study has been carried out to explore the potential for deployment of both small-scale and large-scale renewable energy in the Capricorn Coast region to meet the growing energy demand and reduce global warming. Hybrid renewable energy model has been developed using HOMER and RETScreen simulation software to investigate the cost-economic and climate-friendly attributes of the systems. Simulation study clearly indicates that renewable energy not only meets the energy-crisis but it is also economically viable and can play an active role in improving climate of the Capricorn Coast region. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Utilization of renewable energy due to the shortage of fossil fuel resources and environmental pollution has become an inevitable matter in the recent century. Kerman with an annual average radiation of 6.11 kWh |m2| day and proper wind speed in some areas is a proper region for simultaneous utilization of solar and wind energies. With this considerations, utilization of wind energy along with solar energy would be an option to supply the remote village loads in south of Kerman. Therefore, techno-economical evaluation of the hybrid system mentioned, results in selection of the optimal hybrid system. In this research, techno-economical evaluation of a hybrid system including a solar array along with a wind turbine and it's comparison with a diesel generator has been done using HOMER. It is important to note that the developed model by HOMER is based on the practical components with real meteorological data and real load profile of Kerman region. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper is based on the techno-economic analysis of a several hybrid energy system models for optimization. The analysis of the hybrid systems are based on the logistic type numerical models implemented in the HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables) software package developed by National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Colorado, USA. This software package is used to analyze the Wind and solar data of a tourist spot in Bandarban, Bangladesh. Analysis of only renewable based hybrid systems have been done as well as grid connected systems. A comparison is shown based on per unit cost of electricity production, operating cost found by simulation results and traditional fossil fuel based energy sources. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this study, HOMER software has been used to perform simulations of hybrid (solar PV/wind) systems for street-lighting applications. HOMER allows the designer to compare many different design options based on their technical and economic merits. Statistical analysis of the collected high resolution (10 minutes) data for CEI and monthly averaged Environment Canada data of Toronto Int'l Airport (TIA) was also performed. In all, 32 different hybrid PV/wind system scenarios were simulated to estimate the cost and determine the feasibility of a system design using CEI and TIA datasets. Moreover, system sensitivity analyses were performed using sensitivity variables such as wind turbine hub height and annual capacity shortage. In summary, the 10-min solar/wind resolution data has an impact on the hybrid solar/wind system design. As a result of the analysis of simulation results the following recommendations may be made: (i) It is necessary to compare the computer simulations to long term performance measurements of an actual operating hybrid PV/wind system for street lighting, to corroborate the simulation results. (ii) Since only two well-known micro-wind turbines were studied, it would be beneficial to study other emerging micro wind turbine options with higher performance in the 1-4 m/s range and simulate their performance using HOMER software, as well as in physical testing. This is in order to determine if such technologies are able to provide distinct advantages over solar-only configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A wind-solar hybrid system is a reliable alternative energy source because it uses solar energy combined with wind energy to create a stand-alone energy source that is both dependable and consistent. Solar power or wind power alone can fluctuate, when used together they provide a reliable source of energy. The perfect solution is to combine these two forms of energy sources to create a constant energy flow. Main objective of this paper is to optimize stand-alone solar-wind hybrid power system and to maximize use of renewable energy generation system while minimizing the total system cost. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

People in rural areas at present are still beyond the coverage of pure and fresh water for their daily usage. However, these constraints offer an opportunity for green technology to embrace the people's needs and shortages. Vast source of solar energy and sea water allows the community to reach their dream by using desalination process to convert salty sea water to pure and fresh drinking water. This paper presents the optimization design of photovoltaic power system for desalination process of sea water located at Kuala Perlis as the selected site. The reliable and low power consumption of distillation process is selected for this off-grid power system. The optimization design includes site selection, load selection, system sizing and costing. Then, HOMER is used to verify the feasibility of this optimized design. Experimental setup is then further verified the performance of this desalination system. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper describes the optimization of a hybrid energy system model. Currently in Sarawak, people living in the rural areas still depend on diesel generators to generate electricity. This increases the demand for fossil fuel, creates noise pollution and toxic gas is emitted to the environment. Hence, hybrid energy systems were introduced to replace this conventional energy system as well as improving the living standard in the villages. In this paper, several hybrid energy system configurations were investigated in order to find out the most cost effective hybrid system through Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewability (Homer) software. Homer simulates, optimizes, and analyzes the sensitivity variables for each of the system configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]