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For the twenty-sixth year, the Research and Theory Division of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) is sponsoring the publication of these Proceedings. This is Volume 2 of the 26th Annual Proceedings of Selected Papers On the Practice of Educational Communications and Technology presented at the National AECT Convention in Anaheim, CA. This volume contains papers dealing primarily with instruction and training issues. Papers dealing with research and development are contained in the companion volume (26th Annual, Volume 1) which also contains over 60 papers. The papers contained in this document represent some of the most current thinking in educational communications and technology. (Individual papers contain references, tables, and figures.) [For Volume 1, see ED496305. For Volume 1 of the 2002 proceedings, see ED496300. For Volume 2 of the 2002 proceedings, see ED496301.]

Information on teaching and research in international law for countries of the Asia-Pacific region is presented in proceedings of a 1984 conference sponsored by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. In addition to a regional overview, suggestions are offered for promoting regional cooperation in international law. Challenges in the teaching and study of international law, problems areas for students graduating in international law, and problems of the profession are considered. Status reports for nine countries on teaching and research in international law are provided by conference participants as follows: Australia (James Crawford), India (M. L. Upadhyaya), Indonesia (Komar Kantaatmadja), Japan (Onuma Yasuaki), Republic of Korea (Chi Young Pak), Pakistan (M. A. Mannan), The Philippines (Adolfo S. Azcuna), Sri Lanka (A. R. B. Amerasinghe), and Thailand (Vitit Muntarbhorn). Appendices include: a conference program, list of participants and brief introductory conference addresses by Jae Hoon Choi, E. Hyock Kwon, Bong-shik Park, and Yogesh Atal. (SW)

Papers presented at a session on management of library associations at the 1986 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference include: (1) "Medical Library Association: Organizational Change 1898 to Present--Illustrations from Continuing Education" (Raymond A. Palmer and M. Kent Mayfield, United States); (2) "The Why and How of CONSAL (Congress of Southeast Asian Librarians) as a Regional Library Association" (Hedwig Anuar, Singapore); (3) "Professional Associations Publishing--Information Transfer or Profit?" (Maija Berndtson, Finland); (4) "Why Another Association?--A Case for AMLA (African Medical Library Association)" (Solomon O. Oyesola, Nigeria); and (5) "Management of Corporate Libraries" (Tetsuo Senoo, Japan). (KM)

The Ljubljana seminar, whose background and working papers are presented in this volume, was an outcome of the United Nations' consideration of the problems of ethnic and linguistic minorities. The twenty-five papers cover topics such as the study of multinational societies; the protection of minorities and minority rights in Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Austria, the Soviet Union, India, Africa, Southeast Asia, Israel, Britain, and the Caribbean; cultural diversity; and immigrant problems. Chapters 1-3 are background papers, commissioned by the United Nations Secretariat in preparation for the seminar. Chapters 4-23 are working papers, contributed by the participants and presented in regional groups, starting with Central Europe and going on to include Asia, Africa, and North America. (Author/CLK)

The International Conference on the Changing Academic Profession Project convened in Hiroshima City, Japan, January 24-25, 2014. It was jointly hosted by the Research Institutes of Higher Education at Hiroshima and Kurashiki Sakuyo Universities. The theme of the conference was "The Changing Academic Profession in Asia: The Formation, Work, Academic Productivity, and Internationalization of the Academy." Two keynote address and eight presentations were made by university professors from seven countries and regions. The present volume is a collection of the addresses and papers presented at the conference. Following a foreword by Fumihiro Maruyama, contents include: (1) Institutionalization of the R-T-S Nexus in the Academic Profession from an International, Comparative Perspective (Akira Arimoto); (2) Strong States, Strong Systems (William K. Cummings); (3) Quality of Education and Research at Higher Education Institutions in Cambodia: Results of the Survey on University Faculty Members (Yuto Kitamura, Naoki Umemiya, and Aki Osawa); (4) The Internationalization of the Academy in Asia: Major Findings from the International Survey (Futao Huang); (5) Effects of International Education Degree and Organizational Effectiveness Perception on Academic Research Productivity in China (Lu Li and Fengqiao Yan); (6) Career Prospects of the Malaysian Academic Profession (Aida Suraya Md. Yunus and Vincent Pang); (7) Academic Career Development in Vietnam (Pham Thanh Nghi); (8) The Self-Contained Academic Profession in Japan, a Matured Country (Akiyoshi Yonezawa); (9) The Impact of Research Productivity on Academics in Taiwan (Robin J. Chen and Ching-Shan Wu); (10) University Academic Staffs' Career and Research Productivity: Similarities and Differences in Six Asian Nations (Tsukasa Daizen); and (11) What Is a Mature University in This Competitive World? (Yumiko Hada). The conference program and list of participants are appended. Individual papers contain references. [Charles R. Barton edited the manuscripts in this report. For "The Internationalization of Higher Education: Realities and Implications. Report of the International Workshop on University, 2013. RIHE International Seminar Reports. No. 21," see ED574175.]

This paper addresses the question of when and how cultural differences between media producers and audiences negatively influence the success of media exports. It proposes the 'Lacuna and Universal Model' that provides a terminology and a theoretical classification of various phenomena, explaining why particular media content may or may not be appreciated internationally. It puts forward the term 'Lacuna' for possible reasons for the cross-cultural failure of media content, and it argues that media content is not successful with audiences outside its culture of production when audiences perceive a mismatch between their own 'cultural baggage' and that of the producer. Depending on what elements of the 'cultural baggage' do not match, this paper introduces the terms 'Content Lacuna', 'Capital Lacuna', and 'Production Lacuna'. Furthermore, it puts forward the term 'Universal' for possible reasons for the international success of media content. Specifically, it proposes the terms 'Content Universal', 'Audience Created Universal', and 'Company Created Universal' for content attributes or circumstances as a result of which content is successful despite possible cultural differences. For each category of Lacuna and Universal, this paper provides examples that have been identified through in-depth interviews with representatives of some of the largest western media companies and their Asian subsidiaries and affiliates. Interviewees were asked to describe why they thought certain western media was or was not successful with audiences in China, India, and Japan. The analysis of the interviews also allows for a comparison across countries and media types with regard to cultural barriers. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 12 papers in this collection were presented during the meetings of three sections of the Division of Regional Activities: (1) "Which Way African Librarianship?" (Kingo Mchombu); (2) "The Expansion of the University of the Air of Japan and the Changing Function of Regional University Libraries" (Katsuhiro Jinzaki); (3) "Mobilization of Library Resources for Literacy, Knowledge, and Development in the English-Speaking Caribbean" (Albertina Jefferson); (4) "Los recursos bibliotecarios en America Latina. Panorama general" (Library Resources in Latin America. The General Panorama) (Rosa Maria Fernandez de Zamora); (5) "Public Libraries. Information and Citizenship" (May Brooking Negrao and Sonja Regina Ceu Bertonazzi); (6) "Technological Prospects for Libraries in Developing Countries" (Edward J. Valauskas); (7) "Community Information and Referral Services in Rural Areas of Southeast Asia: A Conceptual Framework" (Katni Kamsono Kibat); (8) "Impact of Information Technology on Libraries in India" (Janak Raj); (9) "The Third Wave and the Third World Libraries" (K. Navalani); (10) "The Future of Librarianship in Africa" (Anthony Olden); (11) "El manejo de informacion sobre cultura popular: una estrategia de la biblioteca publica para estimular el acceso al conocimiento y apoyar procesos de alfabetizacion" (The Management of Information on Popular Culture: A Strategy of the Public Library To Stimulate the Access to Knowledge and To Support Literacy) (Myriam Mejia); and (12) a paper on Information Science (Shawky Salem). (MAB)

The Asian economic crash of 1997 lead to widespread restructuring of corporate organizations in Japan. This paper uses ethnographic field work and historical documents to examine how this played out inside one company, Toyota, when management implemented a restructuring plan to improve the profitability of its companies during the period of 1996 to 1999. The restructuring policies are discussed within the framework of the varieties of capitalism debate. A hallmark of the current discussion on Japanese organizations is that Japan is converging toward the American model of capitalism. I argue that although Japanese companies have adapted to worsening economic conditions by incorporating neo-liberal market reforms, changes during the Asian crash reveal that Toyota used liberal market policies as restructuring "tools" within the context of the unique institutions of Japanese welfare corporatism. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this conference (organized by the Research Institute for Higher Education, Hiroshima University, and the Research Institute for Higher Education, Kurashiki Sakuyo University) was to share major findings from each national survey conducted on higher education in selected Asian countries. The following major issues were addressed: (1) What distinctive characteristics of academics' teaching and research or governance and management activities can be identified in each participating team? What similarities and differences could be found in the participating country teams in this regard? And from these results, does a "typical model" of the Asian academic profession emerge, in terms of teaching and research, or governance and management?; (2) What implications can our academic outcomes have on political and legal decisions which might lead to positive and healthy impacts on the academic profession in individual countries?: and (3) How can collaborative research be achieved among the Asian research teams? Following a Foreword by Masashi Fujimura, the following papers are included: Keynote Speeches: (1) The Academic Profession in International and Comparative Perspectives: trends in Asia and the world (Akira Arimoto ); and (2) What Happened to Universal Education?--in the West and in Asia--(William K. Cummings and Katrina Santner). Presentations-- Governance & Management: (3) China: The Spread of Western Learning to the East and the Formation of the Modern Chinese Academic Profession (Fengqiao Yan); (2) Japan: Governance and Performance: the case study of Japanese academic profession (Masataka Murasawa); and (3) Japan: Academic Profession and University Governance Participation in Japan (Akiyoshi Yonezawa). Presentations--Teaching & Research Activities: (4) Cambodia: Survey on the Academic Profession in Cambodia (Yuto Kitamura and Naoki Umemiya); (5) Japan: Educational and Research Activities of the Academic Profession in Japan--based on the Japanese survey in 2011 (Tsukasa Daizen and Naomi Kimoto); (6) Malaysia: Teaching and Research Concentration of Academics in Malaysian Public Universities (Aida Suraya Md.Yunus and Vincent Pang); (7) Taiwan: Development and Challenge of Academic Profession in Taiwan (Chen, Robin Jung-Cheng); and (8) Vietnam: The Academic Profession in Vietnam (Pham Thanh Nghi). Conclusion: (9) What have We Learned from the International Survey on the Academy in Selected Asian Countries? (Futao Huang). The following are appended: (1) Conference Program; (2) List of Participants; and (3) Questionnaire. (Individual papers have references.) [For the conference from the previous year, "Comparison of University Governance USA, UK, France and Japan: Report of the International Seminar on University Governance, 2012. RIHE International Seminar Reports. No. 19," see ED574089.]

The IADIS CELDA 2012 Conference intention was to address the main issues concerned with evolving learning processes and supporting pedagogies and applications in the digital age. There had been advances in both cognitive psychology and computing that have affected the educational arena. The convergence of these two disciplines is increasing at a fast pace and affecting academia and professional practice in many ways. Paradigms such as just-in-time learning, constructivism, student-centered learning and collaborative approaches have emerged and are being supported by technological advancements such as simulations, virtual reality and multi-agents systems. These developments have created both opportunities and areas of serious concerns. This conference aimed to cover both technological as well as pedagogical issues related to these developments. The IADIS CELDA 2012 Conference received 98 submissions from more than 24 countries. Out of the papers submitted, 29 were accepted as full papers. In addition to the presentation of full papers, short papers and reflection papers, the conference also includes a keynote presentation from internationally distinguished researchers. Individual papers contain figures, tables, and references.

The Research Institute for Higher Education (RIHE) at Hiroshima University established a program of research on the Changing Academic Profession (CAP) in 2005. The first conference of this new project was held in Hiroshima in February 2011. This conference was organized by the Research Institute for Higher Education, Hiroshima University, Japan in cooperation with Hijiyama University, Japan. The following papers are presented at the conference: (1) Universities Reforms in Japan (Tsuyoshi Enomoto); (2) International Trends in the Academic Profession from a Japanese Perspective (Akira Arimoto); (3) The Rise of Asian Research Universities: Focus on the Context (William K. Cummings); (4) Is There an Asian Academic Profession? Common and Diverse Features in Comparative Perspective (Ester Ava Hohle and Ulrich Teichler); (5) The Same Term but Different Connotations: Cultural and Historical Perspectives on Studying the Academic Profession in Asia (Fengqiao Yan); (6) The Academic Profession in East Asia: Change and Realities (Futao Huang); (7) The Academic Profession in Japan: Work, Careers and Scholarship (Hideto Fukudome); (8) The Academic Profession in Malaysia 2010: A Proposed Study (Vincent Pang, Morshidi Sirat, Aida Suraya Md Yunus, Ambigapathy Pandian, Fauziah Mohd. Taib; Munir Shuib, Norzaini Azman, Koo Yew Lie, Shukran Abdul Rahman, Rosni Bakar, Lay Yooh Fah, Ramayah Thurasamy, Worran Kabul, Roszehan Md. Idrus, Lai Yew Meng, and Mohd. Rahimie Abd. Rahim); (9) The Korean Academic Profession Revisited: Academic Activity, Performance and Governance (Jung Cheol Shin); (10) The Internationalization of Universities in South Korea: Networking Strategies and Research Performance (Soo Jeung Lee and Yangson Kim); (11) The Changing Taiwanese Academic Profession: From Regulation to Supervision (Hsiou-Hsia Tai and Chia-Yu Chen); (12) Connect ASEAN: Promoting Regional Integration in Higher Education in Southeast Asia (Supachai Yavaprabhas); (13) The U.S. as a Prototype for an Asian Academic Profession: What Does That Prototype Really Look Like? (Martin J. Finkelstein); and (14) Changes in and Issues of Academic Profession in Asia (Futao Huang). Appended are: (1) Conference Program; and (2) List of Participants. Individual papers contain figures, tables, references and footnotes.

In the wake of recent global political changes and an increase in international trade, this study examines principles for restructuring United States business school curricula to meet the challenges in global trade. First the paper examines business perceptions in Asia, Europe, Latin America, and Africa and recommends incorporating business perceptions in foreign countries into business school curricula. The European custom of recruiting high-level civil servants for positions in the upper levels of private industry is discussed and treatment of this phenomenon is recommended for International Management courses. There follows an examination of Japanese management style and how that helps their penetration of international markets. Also treated are the difficulties that non-Japanese firms face in trying to enter markets in Japan. Next, communication and cultural barriers are discussed, particularly as they affect international trade. A conclusion calls for a rekindling of the American pioneering spirit in business school education in order to meet the challenges posed by global markets. In addition, at least one foreign language course and courses with an international focus are recommended as part of a required core program. The text includes 21 references and seven notes. (JB)

Reports and summaries of papers presented at the 1981 Regional Symposium on Distance Teaching in Asia are presented. The symposium, which was represented by 22 countries, was organized by the Universiti Sains (University of Science) Malaysia as part of the activities associated with the completion of 10 years of off-campus program facilities. The symposium was designed to promote information exchange among scholars involved in distance teaching, extension education, and external degree programs; to promote understanding of the problems involved in the teaching and learning process of self-learning programs; and to identify approaches to raise the effectiveness of distance teaching programs in the various countries. Reports on distance education in the following countries are presented: South Korea, Japan, the Philippines, Thailand, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Malaysia. Selected papers on the following topics are summarized: philosophy, goals, and objectives of distance educational systems; infrastructure, staff training, and educational technology; problems in distance education; research on distance education; and attainment of regional cooperation in Asia. Information on the University of Science Malaysia and the opening and closing sessions of the symposium are included. (Author/SW)

The homogeneity of the Japanese people is a major component in their educational achievements. The success of the educational system is linked to various factors, such as the state of the national health, the excellence of the transportation system, a common language, and other cultural attitudes and values. Parents are considered responsible for their children's school work, and children attend school for longer hours and spend more hours studying than do U.S. children. Group goals take precedence over individual goals. Entrance to preferred schools is heavily competitive, as is entrance to higher educational institutions. Topography is a factor, because the Japanese population is concentrated in the coastal areas and in large cities. There is a 98 percent literacy rate. Education has been the instrument of change in Japan, accomplishing national goals and attaining an effective world image. (NL)

The paper presented in this three-part conference report trace the growth and development of distance education in the Asian and Pacific region. Part 1 provides a general review. Part 2 contains the following case studies: "Distance Education in India" (S. P. Mullick); "Distance Education in Indonesia" (Professor Setijadi); "Distance Education in Pakistan" (Shaukat Ali Siddiqui); "Distance Education in the Republic of Korea" (Kwon Soonchan and Chandong Kim); and "Distance Education in Thailand" (Iam Chaya-Ngam). The following country papers are included in part 3: "Distance Education in Australia" (Vernon White); "Distance Education in Bangladesh" (K. M. Sirajul Islam); "Distance Education in Bhutan" (Zangley Dukpa); "Distance Education in Burma" (Kyaw Sein); "Distance Education in Fiji" (Hari Ram); "Distance Education in Hong Kong" (Michelangelo Pagliari and John Anthony Frost); "Distance Education in Japan" (Yoshiya Abe); "Distance Education in Malaysia" (G. Dhanarajan); "Distance Education in New Zealand" (Douglas Gunn and Peter McMechan); "Distance Education in Papua New Guinea" (John Paul and Howard Van Trease); "Distance Education in the Philippines" (Remigio Romulo); and "Distance Education in Sri Lanka" (D.A. Kotelawele). (MN)

This paper focuses on how people enter non-agricultural self-employment in three Asian countries: Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. I explore how entering the self-employment sector differs across these three countries, highlighting the effects of family background and labor market positions on this event. I show that the conditions for entry into the self-employment sector are greatly linked to the institutional arrangements of labor market structures and industrial relations among these countries. In Japan, where there is a higher level of employment protection for regular workers and a higher barrier to move into the self-employment, the effects of specific resources that help people become self-employed (i.e., family background and labor market positions) are greater than in their Korean and Taiwanese counterparts, where people can easily enter self-employment due to the larger concentration of the self-employed in the unskilled jobs in the service sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper takes Adorno's question 'What does working through the past mean?' as a key concern in the sociology of collective memory. If the Holocaust continues to figure prominently in wider scholarly and public discourses, Japanese military aggression during the Second World War has emerged as a focus of international debate in Asia, especially over issues such as the 'comfort women' and official Japanese support for the symbolism of the Yasukuni Shrine. These issues have remained unresolved more than six decades after the War, although a plethora of views on the part of individuals and groups within Japan and throughout Asia have been voiced in recent decades - in spite of continued official denial of the Japanese war record. Theoretically, I argue that we can also understand the contestation of memories as a contestation of modernities - of competing visions of the future and versions of what it means to be modern. I also draw from insights from debates in the study of the Holocaust, especially in understanding the actions of ordinary people in the context of 'gray zones'. In so doing, I suggest that it is potentially fruitful for sociology of memory to be in dialogue with the 'sociology of evil.' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

East Asian schools have received much attention from educational researchers and reform advocates for the comparatively high student achievement and narrow achievement gaps. Western scholars at times advance broad claims about the rote character of instruction or the complexity of classroom practice, at times generalizing to an entire nation. Yet little is known about the variation in and impact of classroom instructional practices within East Asian countries. This study first compares the prevalence and within-country variation of classroom instructional practices in Chinese Taipei, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, and Singapore with the other 45 countries that participated in the Trends in Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) in 2007. Second, the study examines the effect of varying instructional practices on student achievement within each country using data from Japan and Singapore. I find that while East Asian classrooms tend to be higher in teacher-centered instruction and lower in complex instruction on average, classrooms within each country vary considerably in the degree to which they adopt certain practices. Within each country, classrooms with more complex and student-centered instruction tend to show higher achievement; an opposite association found when these phenomena are compared between countries. But when schools, classrooms, and student characteristics such as social class are taken into account, these positive effects of classroom instruction diminish or disappear. These findings are discussed in light of the literature on inequality and growing diversity of schools in East Asian countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The twenty case studies presented in these reports are examples of experiments in Asian nations which have been conducted as specific responses to local problems in teacher education. The materials, originally presented in a 1975 conference of the Asian Centre of Educational Innovation for Development, are organized into three basic subject areas: (1) linking teacher education to national development tasks; (2) linking teacher education to equalizing educational opportunities; and (3) institutional and professional development in teacher education. Participating authors presented studies from India, the Philippines, Thailand, Nepal, Iran, Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, and Japan. (MB)

Expansion of the past 10 years in Asian higher education and associated problems, as well as the role of colleges and universities in national development, are discussed in 11 papers from a 1985 International Seminar. Paper titles and authors include: "Prospects and Problems in Asian Higher Education: Introductory Presentation by the Secretariat" (Toru Umakoshi, Hirotoshi Yamasaki, Joe Hicks); "Higher Education Development in Indonesia" (Ir. S. Pramoetadi); "Prospects and Problems in Higher Education Expansion: Malaysia" (Azman Wan Chik); "Prospects and Problems in Higher Education Expansion in Thailand" (Prasarn Malakul; comments by Yoshiya Abe); "Prospects and Problems in Japanese Higher Education: An Age of Adaptation sans Expansion" (Masakazu Yano, Fumihiro Maruyama); "Higher Education Expansion in the Philippines: Problems and Prospects" (Benwardo V. Umila); "Higher Education Expansion in Korea: Its Process, Problems and Prospects" (Byung-Rim Koo, Jong-Chol Kim); "Development and Reform of Chinese Higher Education" (Wang Yingjie); "Why Asian Overseas Students Prefer the United States" (William K. Cummings); "The Situation of Asian Students in Japan: Can Japanese Universities Handle a 10-Fold Increase?" (Joe Hicks); and "UNESCO and Higher Education in the Asia-Pacific Region" (Muhammed Selim). (SW)

The following papers were presented at this international conference: (1) "Key-Note Report by the Research Institute for Higher Education" (Kazuyuki Kitamura); (2) "Major Dimensions in the Relations between the State and Higher Education" (Neil J. Smelser); (3) "The Role of Government in Japanese Higher Education" (Motohisa Kaneko); (4) "The Role of Government in the Philippine Higher Education System" (Nilo L. Rosas); (5) "The Role of Government in Higher Education--Country Report: Korea" (Bom Mo Chung); (6) "Higher Education: A Proposal for Positive Interventions by the Thai Government" (Apichai Puntasen); (7) "The Role of Government in Indonesian Higher Education--A Search for Equity and Good Quality in Higher Education" (Sukadji Ranuwihardjo); (8) "The Role of the Government in Higher Education in Malaysia" (Isahak Haron); (9) "The Role of Government in Higher Education in Australia" (David Beswick); and (10) "The Structure and Governance of Chinese Higher Education" (Wang Yongquan). The seminar program, a list of participants, and a discussion of the seminar's background and objectives are provided. References are given at the conclusion of each paper. (KM)

This document contains the proceedings from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Workshop on Strategic Research Partnerships. Papers include: (1) "Strategic Research Partnerships: Results of the Workshop" (Albert N. Link and Nicholas S. Vonortas); (2) "Strategic Research Partnerships: Evidence and Analysis" (Stephen Martin); (3) "Strategic Research Partnerships and Economic Performance: Data Consideration" (Donald Siegel); (4) "Inter-Firm Partnerships--An Overview of Major Trends and Patterns Since 1960" (John Hagedoorn); (5) "Using Cooperative R&D Agreements as S&T Indicators: What Do We Have and What Would We Like?" (David C. Mowery); (6) "Strategic Research Linkages and Small Firms" (David B. Audretsch); (7) "Strategic Research Alliances and 360 Degree Bibliometric Indicators" (Diana Hicks and Francis Narin); (8) "Strategic Research Partnerships in Biotechnology" (Maryann P. Feldman); (9) "Strategic Research Partnerships: Their Role, and Some Issues of Measuring Their Extent and Outcomes--Experiences from Europe and Asia" (Mark Dodgson); (10) "Strategic Research Partnerships in Japan: Empirical Evidence" (Mariko Sakakibara); (11) "Strategic Research Partnerships: What We Have Learned?" (John T. Scott); (12) "Constructing Indicators of Strategic Research Partnerships" (Barry Bozeman and James S. Dietz); and (13) "Technology Innovation Indicators Surveys" (John A. Hansen). (YDS)

The International Communication section of the proceedings contains the following nine papers: "Mobile Satellite Communications--From Obscurity to Overkill" (Patricia T. Whalen); "Does Television Cultivate the Image of America in Japan?" (Shinichi Saito); "Linking International News to U.S. Interests: A Content Analysis" (Daniel Riffe); "Colonial Interventions and the Postcolonial Situation in India: The English Language, Mass Media, and the Articulation of Class" (Radhika E. Parameswaran); "Recent Developments in Freedom of Information in Great Britain: A Preliminary Appraisal of the Government's 'Code of Practice'" (Wallace B. Eberhard); "Insurgent Technology: The Political Ramifications of the Internet in Africa" (David N. Dixon); "Japan's Clouded Window: News on NHK and TBS Television, 1993" (Anne Cooper-Chen); "Media Imperialism Revisited: The Countercase of Asia" (Kalyani Chadha); and "Media and the Politics of Citizens' Press Movement in Korea, 1985-1993" (Yung-Ho Im). (RS)

The activities of the Japan Nuclear Reaction Data Centre is explained. The main task of the centre is data compilation of Japanese nuclear reaction data in collaboration of the International Network of Nuclear Reaction Data Centres. As one of recent activities, preparation of a new database (NRDF/A) and evaluation of astronuclear reaction data are reported. Collaboration in the nuclear data activities among Asian countries is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This volume contains papers on regional and global trends that affect the political factors which are changing the context within which academic mobility occurs: (1) "Introduction" (by Peggy Blumenthal and others); (2) "Political Dimensions of Regionalism in a Changing World" (David Leyton-Brown); (3) "Economic Dimensions of Regionalism" (Gary Hufbauer and Anup Malani); (4) "Cultural Dimensions of Regionalization" (Robert Picht); (5) "International Education from the Perspective of Emergent World Regionalism: The Academic, Scientific and Technological Dimension" (Malcolm Skilbeck and Helen Connell); (6) "Developments in the Internationalization of Higher Education in Europe" (Gisela Baumgratz-Gangl); (7) "Regional Cooperation and Mobility in a Global Setting: The Example of the European Community:" (Alan Smith); (8) "Academic Mobility Programmes in a Regional Context: A German Viewpoint" (Karl Roeloffs); (9) "East-West Academic Mobility within Europe: Trends and Issues" (Ladislav Cerych); (10) "The Hungarian Experience of Academic Cooperation with North America and the European Community" (Tamas Lajos); (11) "Academic Mobility in Russia" (Stanislav Merkurlev); (12) "International Cooperation Activities of Canadian Universities: North American and Other Current Trends" (Eva Egron-Polak); (13) "The Future of Educational Exchange in North America: A View from the United States" (Stanley N. Katz); (14) "From Threat to Opportunity: A New Perspective for the Development of International Education in North America" (Sylvia B. Ortega Salazar); (15) "Academic Mobility and Exchange in Brazil" (Eunice Ribeuro Durham); (16) "Japan and International Academic Mobility in Asia and the Pacific" (Yoshiya Abe); (17) "Academic Mobility in South-East Asia and the Role of Thai Higher Education" (Wichit Srisa-An); (18) "International Education in Australia: Historical Trends, Current Developments and Challenges for the Future" (Elizabeth Anderson); (19) "International Academic Cooperation in the Arab Region: Past, Present and Future" (Salah Morsi); (20) "Regional Cooperation and Mobility in Higher Education: The Implications for Human Resource Development in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Relevance of Recent Initiatives to Europe" (Anthony Smallwood and T. L. Maliyamkono); (21) "Research on Academic Mobility and International Cooperation in Higher Education: An Agenda for the Future" (Ulrich Teichler); (22) "Academic Mobility in a Changing World: Concluding Reflections on the Issues at Stakes" (Crauford D. Goodwin); and (23) "Bibliography" (Albert Over). The bibliography contains about 1,500 references. (JB)

The roles of public and private sectors of higher education in Asia and relationships to national systems are explored in reports from the Third International Seminar on Higher Education in Asia. The focus was China, Indonesia, Korea, the Philippines, Japan, and Thailand. Patterns by which national systems of higher education are differentiated between public and private sectors are compared, and alternative forms of provision and support for higher education are examined. Policy implications for higher education in these Asian countries are also addressed. Seminar paper titles and authors are as follows: "Key-Note Report by the Research Institute for Higher Education" (Kazuyuki Kitamura); "Patterns of Public-Private Differentiation in Higher Education: An International Comparison" (Robert Geiger); "Public and Private Sectors in Japanese Higher Education" (Motohisa Kaneko); "Public and Private Sectors in Philippine Higher Education" (Andrew Gonzalez); "Past, Present, and Future Trends in the Public and Private Sectors of Korean Higher Education" (Kwan Lee); "Public and Private Sectors in Indonesian Higher Education" (Willi Toisuta); "Public and Private Sectors in Thai Higher Education" (Paitoon Sinlarat); and "Governance of Higher Education in the People's Republic of China" (Maoyuan Pan). (SW)

Proceedings of the Pacific Region Association for Higher Education (PRAHE) are presented, including 5 opening speeches, 6 plenary lectures, 7 invited lectures, and 13 general papers. Presentation topics include: higher education and societal change; educational exchange and the Pacific Rim; international cooperation through electronic media; cooperation of higher education with industry and research institutions; case studies of international cooperation (Korea, Australia); prospects and problems in international cooperation; university-industry cooperation; research collaboration of higher education with industry and research institutions; the Philippines' Colombo Plan Staff College for Technician Education, a case of successful cooperation between developed and developing nations; bridging the cultural divide at Obirin College (Japan); a dynamic projection for cooperative development; the University of British Columbia and international cooperation in higher education in the Asia-Pacific; the higher education research agenda for teaching and learning in a multicultural setting; the British Council's linkage role in international education; international relations from the viewpoint of self-evaluation and reform tasks at the University of Tsukuba (Japan); relationship between "caution index" and student demographic data in a Japanese language placement examination situation; direction for cooperative higher education; science education and the language of instruction; curriculum reform for cultural literacy; university management of technology transfer; and college-level engineering education for industry workers. Conference program and information about the conference organization and advisory committee are appended. (MSE)

They say that we are facing the crisis of existence caused by thedestruction of the environment: the impacts of global warming and soon. This presentation investigates the present situation ofenvironmental crimes, green crimes (i.e. crimes concerning airpollution, water pollution, deforestation, species decline and animalrights, and so on), in Japan and East-Asia, referring to some recentenvironmental problems. Then it traces recent developments of greencriminology and gives its prospects for future. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]