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Sustainability of Public Transport System is a hot topic that has become a rather taboo issue to be discussed in South East Asian countries like Bangkok, Thailand and Jakarta, Indonesia. Malaysia too with its high vehicle congestion also belong to this category. The respective government dilemma is whether to increase allocation for more highways or to provide more fund to build more Public Transport such as Light Rail Transit (LRT), Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) or Bus Rapid Transit (BRT). The aim of this study is to identify the determinants and challenges in ensuring sustainability of Public Transport in Kuala Lumpur and to propose policy to encourage more LRT ridership. The focus of the study is on LRT Kelana Jaya Line as it has higher ridership. A survey would be conducted using electronic questionnaires to gather the data for content analysis to be carry out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation-driven firms must adopt an open design strategy for competitiveness. Co-design games are recommended to foster an open, equal, and collaborative culture. However, most studies focus on the West. East-Asian countries, notably China, face unique challenges due to cultural disparities and inertia. This paper explores design games in the Chinese context through a case study with traditional workshops, revealing participants' perspectives and the potential impact on cultural inertia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper utilizes panel VAR analysis to investigate the effects of fiscal policy on unemployment and output. Using a system GMM approach, short run restrictions are applied in a panel VAR setting to identify structural shocks from fiscal policy as measured by the cyclically adjusted budget deficit. Results vary for panels including European countries and Oceania/East Asian countries. There is no effect from changes in fiscal policy in European countries and increases (decreases) in the cyclically adjusted budget deficit results in higher (lower) unemployment and lower (higher) output in Oceania/East Asia. Variance decompositions show the structural shocks to fiscal policy in Oceania/East Asia are important for understanding unemployment and output fluctuations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a web system of assessment and 16 days in-advance forecast of weather fire danger according to the modified method by V.G. Nesterov. The system is used to regulate the duties and responsibilities of regional forest protection agencies and is aimed at deciding on aerial observation of fire-hazard vegetation areas. Global Forecast System climate model is used as actual and forecasting weather data. The designed system comprises a relational database of weather data and 3D polygons (grounds), modules of data uploading and making up a catalogued storage, converting GRIB-files and data visualization by JavaScript API via the electronic Google Maps. The software checkout was done using the specimen of the fire season in 2019 inside the territory of the Jewish Autonomous Region and Khabarovsk Territory of the Russian Far East. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the prospects of developing renewable energy sources (RES) in the Russian Far East and analyses the methods of state support by market segments and regions. The financial consequences of introducing RES differ not only by market segments but by consumer groups as well. The authors evaluated the economic availability of electricity for the consumers in the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) with regards to their income, which confirms the presence of differentiation. The potential consequences of RES distribution in the subjects of the FEFD were evaluated. All territories will show the decrease of purchasing power if the new tariff on electricity is introduced, except for Chukotka Autonomous Okrug where introducing RES would instead lower energy expenses. This would necessitate additional expenses on state support of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant-based foods reduce and reduce mortality from both acute and chronic diseases, including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, inflammatory diseases, and neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. The paper presents the results of a study of phenolic compounds of fruits of wild-growing common lingonberry (V. vitis-idaea) growing on the territory of the Far East region. It was found that V. vitis-idaea berries contain a large amount of arbutin, chlorgenic acid, quercetin, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, procyanidin B3 and resveratrol. In the course of the research, an extract of V. vitis-idaea berries was obtained and the technological parameters of its production were substantiated. Indicators of quality and nutritional value of Vaccinium vitis-idaea berry extract indicate a high content of polyphenolic compounds in the extract. The results obtained give grounds to recommend berries and an extract from Vaccinium vitis-idaeae as a functional basis for food production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relations between the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula and East Asia are recorded in a number of different written sources. Given that most of the traded goods were perishable, the archaeological evidence is today limited to pottery and coins, although the latter has rarely been found in Arabia. The aim of this paper is to investigate the connections between the two areas, focusing on the recent discoveries from the settlement of al-Balīd (ancient afār), which flourished along the southern coast of the Sultanate of Oman during the medieval period, reaching its peak between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries AD. Work at the site has recently been resumed and is currently focused on the excavation of the citadel (Husn al-Balīd) and on the study of small finds and pottery, including the collection of ceramics from East Asia. Not only frankincense, silk, Chinese porcelain, and stoneware, but also resins, natural pigments, and exotic animals were travelling at that time between Arabia and East Asia in both directions. Following the written sources and by studying the East Asian imports discovered during the recent excavations at Husn al-Balīd, two periods of major contact have been identified and are discussed below. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT ¡°East Asian Modernities and Local Media and Cultural Studies¡± The paper examined how East Asian media and cultural studies have approached the uneven and yet intricately connected historical formation of multiple modernities at cultural, socio-economic and political levels. The paper explored how East Asian media and cultural studies have framed their methodological and theoretical concerns in the context of rapid state-led socio-political transformation, de-traditionalization, and globalization. The first section looked back over the trajectories of the formative process of East Asian Media and Cultural Studies. In it the study inspected how East Asian MCS identify the formation of East Asian modernities in terms of the formation of cultural identities mediated by the media industries in the era of globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research paper investigates international competitiveness and trade of the former regional integration The East Asia Economic Caucus (EAEC) or East Asia Economic Group (EAEG) countries. This paper has special insight on what would be with former EAEC countries and their international competitiveness. The research includes the implementation of four international trade and competitiveness indicators like export-import ratio, trade balance, intra-industry trade and trade openness. The research is conducted by using data for 12 former EAEC member states within the period from year 2014 to 2018. The key aim of the research is to identify international competitiveness and trade for former EAEC Member States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the previous research on cultural taste supports class determinism. However, rapid cultural flow following globalization makes it possible for consumers of different classes to access various cultural products, which declares the failure of class determinism in cultural taste. The paper proposes the regional shift and the classificatory shift in taste research. It also examines the effect of globalization on cultural taste through "horizontal" and "vertical" omnivorousness in East Asian societies. The study finds that: (1) social class fails to predict cultural omnivorousness; (2) individuals with higher level of globalization have a wider range of cultural taste; (3) the process of globalization on national level encourages people to appreciate various cultural products. The discussion on the effect of globalization on cultural omnivorousness in East Asia helps to better understand patterns of cultural taste in a globalized context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Asian financial crisis of the late 1990s contributed to the intensification of regional economic integration in East Asia. However, the initial optimism resulting from the greater interest in integration among participants weakened over time. One of the most important countries with real and growing influence on partners in East Asia is China. Its rising economic position makes China’s perception of regional integration and its activity in that field crucial for the development of the process. These issues are covered in this study. The main purpose of the paper is to present and evaluate China’s role in the development of regional economic integration in East Asia in the period from the Asian financial crisis to the present. Two most important components of the regional economic integration will be analysed, namely regionalisation and regionalism. The main conclusion is that as a result of China's growing position as one of the leading economic centres of East Asia, its role in the development of East Asian economic integration has significantly increased. It can be observed in engagement in institutional frameworks, but above all, in the development of real economic ties in the region. Potentially, China can act as the most influential promoter of regional economic integration in East Asia. However, it depends on the significance of regional aspirations in a broader global strategy of China. It seems that currently global ambitions far outweigh the regional ones. Various research methods are used to achieve the goal of the study: method of critical analysis of literature, method of inference and method of statistical data analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to develop an analytical framework for discussing the link between financial systems and economic growth. Financial systems help overcome an information asymmetry between borrowers and lenders. If they do not function well, economic growth will be negatively affected. Economists have long recognized the importance of the financial system. In the year since the onset of the East Asian crisis we have increasingly heard that the financial system was one of the main causes of the crisis, that the financial system needs to be reformed in order to resolve the crisis, and that we need to pay attention to the effects of other reforms on the financial system. While there is a firm consensus that a well-functioning financial sector is a precondition for the efficient allocation of resources and the exploitation of an economy's growth potential, the economic literature is less consensual on how and to what extent finance affects economic growth. Economic theory suggests that sound and efficient financial systems--banks, equity markets, and bond markets--which channel capital to its most productive uses are beneficial for economic growth. Sound and efficient financial systems are especially important for sustaining growth in developing Asia because efficiency of investment will overshadow quantity of investment as the driver of growth in the region. Overall, our evidence supports the notion that further development of the financial sector matters for sustaining developing Asia‗s growth in the post crisis period. However, the primary role of financial sector development in growth is likely to shift away from mobilizing savings, thus augmenting the quantity of investment toward improving the efficiency of investment, and thereby contributing to higher economy wide productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pointing out some limitations of current media studies scholarship on globalization in terms of its inadequacies in understanding the forms and practices of cultural globalization at the intra-regional level, this paper undertakes to construct a theoretical framework through which to examine the global-local nexus within East Asian regional context. By taking up the case of Korean Wave, an increasing popularity of Korean media and popular culture in East Asia and beyond, it discusses both theoretical and policy implications of this Korean-version of hegemonic, expansionistic media regionalization in hampering cultural diversity in the region. Ultimately, the main goal of this paper is to take a critical yet context-specific look at the juncture where politics, economy, history, culture, and the media come together in fashioning the conditions, processes, and outcomes of cultural globalization in East Asia. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to theorize the welfare state formation in advanced East Asian capitalist economies in the context of economic development strategy. State-led, export-oriented industrialization pioneered by Japan and followed by the Four Tigers of South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore set the basic parameters of the Neomercantilist Residual Welfare State (NRWS): low social spending and heavy reliance on family and enterprise welfare. While other theoretical approaches see a general 'underdevelopment' of social welfare in these economies, this paper argues that the NRWS employs 'surrogate social policies' that compensate for the lack of conventional welfare policies without proper noticed in the comparative welfare state literature. Among others, agricultural subsidies for small farmers and the statutory retirement payment for the working and middle classes in Japan, Korea and Taiwan can be considered as such.A major divergence within the East Asian NRWS stems from two factors. One is that Singapore and Hong Kong are small city-states without rural hinterlands; the other is colonial legacy in that the city-states inherited the British-introduced social welfare institutions while Japan, Korea and Taiwan developed the social insurance-based system through policy diffusion and importation. Therefore, the NRWS has two subsets, the city-state and the nation-state model. The NRWS was predicated upon the development strategy that enabled the East Asian 'economic miracle' in the late twentieth century. Recent changes in political economic environments, often summarized into globalization and democratization, have set off a complex process of global convergence/regional divergence of the welfare state in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With a focus on East Asian modernity, this paper tends to challenge the western-centric understanding of modernity by including a discussion of Asian cultural perspectives by study coffee consumption in East Asia. this is an study to understand how a society adopts foreign goods. Does Starbucks tell the story of Macdonaldization we have now, or how different they are? By historical documents, in-depth interview and business statitsics, this paper analyzes the history of coffee consumption and it sociological meaning for local societies. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Is there a single East Asian welfare state model? How did economic policies, globalization, democratization, and economic crisis affect the welfare regimes of the East Asian societies? Such factors have been examined within the context of western advanced societies. Also, the studies on the East Asian cases tend to remain in the 20th century. This paper sought to expand the welfare state debates using a comparative dataset of the representative East Asian societies (Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, and Philippines) since the late 1980s to 2005. During this period, these societies experienced post-industrialization, globalization, and democratization with different degree, pace, and tracks. Unlike the western societies, they experienced such changes in a short time-span. Thus, the eight East Asian societies present unique opportunities to examine the recent debates on welfare state programs not only for the region, but welfare regimes in general. With a comparative analysis of the trends of various factors, the paper concluded that the East Asian welfare regimes diverged into two types. Also, it argued that such divergence can be explained by the institutional legacy based on the developmental state programs (or, production regimes) and the degree of democratization. Also, economic globalization and economic crisis in late 1990s did not directly affect long-term trends of social welfare. They influenced the current welfare regimes only in conjunction with the level of democratization. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparing the linkages between political economy and social welfare between advanced capitalist economies in East Asia, this paper suggests a two-model approach toward the East Asian welfare states. On the one hand, there are the nation-state model of Japan, Korea and Taiwan, and the city-state model of Hong Kong and Singapore on the other. The nation-state model, in particular, is based on historical ties between these three countries and similarities in their political economic regimes that feature a strong developmentalist orientation and welfare conservatism. But the recent move towards democratization in Korea and Taiwan has destabilized the conservative model of welfare capitalism, bringing about significant welfare expansion in these two countries. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise of giant transnational contractors, based primarily in Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, and China, who operate factories throughout the world, is a yet-unstudied trend that has important implications for global development. These factories are primarily found in East Asia (China, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia), Mexico, and Central America, although in certain sectors (such as apparel) they are beginning to appear in Africa as well. The emergence of giant transnational contractors portends a dramatic shift of organizational power within global supply chains, as large factories provide a potential counterweight to the growing power of retailers. This paper offers some preliminary observations on two aspects of global supply chains: how the trend towards concentration of production in large transnational East Asian contractors impacts the relative power of contractors vis-à-vis retailers, and the extent to which large contractors generate linkages with other firms and sectors locally that contribute to industrial upgrading and thereby broader-based economic development, as well as working conditions. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explanation of economic interactions within East Asia has long been split between those who view action as an outcome of rational decision-making by an autonomous state and those who view it as a result of cultural patterns ingrained in Confucianism and other elements of traditional culture. This paper shows how these two approaches can used in a complementary rather than conflicting manner to explain the origins of cooperative private enterprise in East Asia under very different structural circumstances than in the west. It does so by examining ways in which cultural norms act as kind of social capital, providing points of convergence for rational actors in situations of strategic uncertainty which would otherwise induce multiple equilibria. Norms as social capital will be particularly important at those points in history when new institutions are being formed, and can lead to distinct institutional forms. Once created, however, the institutions themselves can structure incentives in a way that leads to self-perpetuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The marshes of Mesopotamia are distinguished by their environmental and biological diversity and of economic and natural importance as they are considered one of the largest wetlands in East Asia, and significant changes have occurred in them during the last period, this paper aims to know and determine the extent of the changes in the land cover and the main features (water, cane, plant, soil) for AlHammar marsh in southern Iraq, and to achieve this object, the Landsat 8 satellite images was used for the years (OLI) 2018,2019. And remote sensing techniques were adopted here using the three-way supervised classification technique (maximum likelihood, minimum distance, parallelepiped) and applied Three color combinations Various are (432), (451) and (452) through the (ENVI) program, and also the (ArcGIS 10.4.1 "arcMap") program was used to cut off the study area and to extract maps, the results showed that there were major changes in the flooded areas of the marshes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper attempts to adopt the ICTRT model to evaluate the website effectiveness among five East Asian countries by expert evaluators. The result indicates all the five websites are not effectively applied for business operations. They all concentrate on the basic dimensions such as information and communication dimension, whereas transaction dimension is missed in three websites. The relationship dimension is also not effectively implemented in the DMOs' websites. This paper adopts ICTRT model to evaluate the effectiveness of DMOs' websites, the linear relationship is identified between complexity and performance. This paper also found the performance variance is existed in the DMOs' websites with the country level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a knowledge-based economy of the globalizing economic order, the role of regions is very significant in order to create and to disperse knowledge. Particularly, geographical clusters of firms in a single sub-national region may contribute to transmitting certain kinds of knowledge between and among firms. In addition, markets prefer to favour specialized firms with a coherent body of knowledge when knowledge creation and the use of new knowledge become increasingly important for maintaining and improving a firm's competitiveness. Therefore, regional policy makers may not interfere directly with markets and firms when the process of globalization pushes national economies into a world of learning and innovation. The reason is that the institutional framework for market exchange favours knowledge exchange in a globalizing economic system. This paper argues how East Asian science cities such as Tsukuba Science City in Japan, Daedeok Innopolis in South Korea, Hsinchu Science based Industrial Park in Taiwan, and Zhongguancun Science Park in China have been developed in order to create technology innovation as well to contribute to national and regional economic growth. Moreover, it also focuses on their competitiveness and the further development strategy that aims to become global science cities. Finally, it also discusses whether their competitiveness as innovative clusters is based on global or local levels [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the mid to late 19th century, Japan and other East Asian countries faced major shifts from internal and external factors. International relations in East Asia before the mid 19th century was based on Sino-centric and hierarchical suzerainty. Japan, which was peripheral to the suzerain state system later came to dominate East Asia economically and militarily. Japan abandoned the suzerain state system model to adopt the model of international law. Though Japan's exposure to international law was through the unequal (Ansei) treaties of 1853, but international law aided Japan's dominance in the region. The paper explores why and how Japan interpreted international law in the 19th century using theories from international relations and comparative historical sociology. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study approaches East Asian colonialism with the psychoanalytic concept of 'melancholia'. Through exploring the cases of two famous comic series, one South Korean and the other Japanese - Nambul and Zipang, this paper delves into the triadic structure of East Asian colonialism which has affected memory, interpretation and representation of modern history in East Asian societies. Both works in this study are alike in the respect of dealing with imaginary war stories, (re)constructing alternative history, and presenting nationalist revision of historical experiences. Moreover, their view of pre-existing history involves melancholia, which Freud regarded as pathological sentiment and attitude to the loss. Their melancholic despair and the revision of history in both Nambul and Zipang lead us to pay attention to the triadic structure of non-Western colonialism in East Asia. It is a crucial key of understanding how colonial history is remembered and represented. It affects modernity in East Asian societies in these days as well as in colonial times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we describe the demographic characteristics and dynamics of the 20-21 million Muslims in China. We ask whether Chinese Muslims could ever have the national and international impacts of Muslims elsewhere in the world. Will Chinese Muslims ever be expected to impact China, the East Asia region, and the world in the same manner as, say, Muslims in Iraq or in Iran, have impacted their countries, the Gulf region and the world? Owing to the vast differences among the Muslim groups and the uneasy if not suppressive relationship of the Chinese government to any body with a political agenda involving separatism, among other reasons, we conclude that it is doubtful that Chinese Muslims could ever have the national and international impacts of Muslims elsewhere in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we focus on the roles of the steel and shipbuilding industries in Korea's rapid economic ascent to a leading role in the global economy. We will address three specific questions. First, how did the Korean government foster the development of leading firms that became leaders in their global industries? Second, how did the Korean firms survive the competition with Japanese firms in these industries? We focus on the main strategies for the success of the Korean steel and shipbuilding industries in terms of organization, international cooperation, and the adoption of various new technologies. Third, what are the implications of the emergence of Chinese competitors and China's rapid economic ascent for the Korean steel and shipbuilding industries? ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the recent trends of coproductions in East Asia to explore cultural regionalization in East Asia. Considering that co-production strategies are a new phenomena in East Asia, this paper first attempts to provide a general documentation of co-productions in broadcasting and film sectors in the region. It discusses why the region has adopted a co-production system by exploring an economic angle to explain the interdependence of television program and film flows, especially since the late 1990s. The paper also brings into focus the relationship between culture and economic factors while investigating the driving force behind coproductions in East Asia. Finally, it examines whether the cultural proximity in East Asian countries, which has been considered one of the most significant factors for cultural flow, has played a key role in the growth of regional coproductions. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

East Asia is a region because of its economic activity. Current transformation towards a digital economy, East Asia must also transform their synergy to maintain its economic growth. China, which has become a leading economy in the international environment, must address its capability to lead East Asia into a more united region. Therefore, this article will discuss two main topics. First is the current condition of regional economic integration in East Asia regarding digital economy transformation. Second, how China could manifest and lead the region's digital economy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic in China and the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus caused at first some kind of shift in attitudes towards East Asia. However, in the longer term, wider effects apply into international relations around the world. COVID-19 pandemic determined various activities implemented by government all over the world, which aims at fist were to protect health and life of its inhabitant, but later turned out to wider strategy of each country. COVID-19 pandemic expects negative consequences, which undoubtedly are dominant, in some cases turned out to be very stimulating to development. The article aims to present the changes that have taken place in the context of the international position of East Asian countries over the last two years, caused by the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents research on the impact of face on the creativity of individuals in different cultures in East Asia. The association between creativity and face concern is examined and the effect of face loss on honor, face and dignity cultures is explored. It points out the benefit of the originality of individuals from honor cultures from criticism due to the challenge and motivation of face loss experiences. Also mentioned is the criticism of the public on new ideas, which are predicted to hinder divergent thinking in the region.

In recent years human traffickings have increasingly attracted worldwide attention. Today all over the world people perceive human traffickings as one of the most serious problems. Human traffickings become more and more dynamic and complex as time goes on. As a result it becomes more difficult to investigate the actual conditions and cope well with them. In this paper human trafficking networks around Japan and East Asia are examined from the perspective of chaos/commplexity criminology. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years human traffickings have increasingly attracted worldwide attention. Today all over the world people perceive human traffickings as one of the most serious problems. Human traffickings become more and more dynamic and complex as time goes on. As a result it becomes more difficult to investigate the actual conditions and cope well with them. In this paper human trafficking networks around Japan and East Asia are examined from the perspective of chaos/commplexity criminology. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Braithwaite draws on the concept of reintegrative shaming while explaining low crime rate in Japan. While the reintegrative shaming theory plausibly explains the low crime rates, Braithwaite does not go further to delve into the origin of reintergrative shaming. Nor does he attempt to investigate relationship between reintegrative shaming and other crucial dimensions that are critically related to crime causation family, education, and economy. This paper maintains that Confucianism serves as the origin of reintegrative shaming as well as low crime rates in East Asia, including Japan. It also shows how Confucianism relates to communitarianism, interdependence, and social dynamics that affect crime rates. Finally, it suggests a strong moral education, both formal and informal, as a potential way to decrease high crime rates in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined ViacomÂ’s MTV localized strategy in East Asia: South Korea, China, and Japan. The MTV localized strategy should be interpreted not in context of globalization but in context of glocalization, because the MTV strategy for entry into foreign markets means that localized programming and localized business mode are more successful rather than standardization or unification strategy. Thus, the study investigated the MTV localized programming and business mode especially in East Asia. The results showed that ViacomÂ’s MTV used joint venture as the localized business mode in East Asia, because the business mode is more efficient and beneficial in culturally more distant and politically, financially or economic riskier. In terms of the localized programming, MTV Korea, MTV China and MTV Japan used more local staffs and local language, but three MTV showed different trends in types of programs to air. MTV Korea aired more local programs, but MTV Japan aired more western music. MTV chinaÂ’s programming more depended on neighbour nations. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study advances that cultural imperialism is no longer applicable in examining complex and dynamic regionalized Asian media. Instead, the cultural proximity provides better explanations for Asian media regionalization. However, the cultural proximity claimed by Straubhaar does not thoroughly present the discursive and transformative nature of Asian cultural proximity in terms of the historical context of Asian modernity and the global capitalism. Consequently, there is a distinctive growing regional pattern in East Asian television. The regionalization of East Asian television suggests that cultural proximity among East Asian audiences is not only in terms of geographical intimacy but also of sharing emotive code with regard to Asian urbanism and modernity experience. Particularly, the popularity of Korean TV dramas referred to as “Hanliu” in Asia is revealed this cultural proximity among East Asian audiences. Korean TV dramas convey an understandable social and individual life of the young generation, the value of family, and the urbanized capitalism. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over world history, analysts recognize the presence of disruptive periods that come to impact the patterns of everyday life. In European history the medieval period is often referred to as the Dark Ages, an interval in time characterized by political disunity, chaos, wars, population loss, and a disruption of exchange networks (Chew 2001a). This study argues that East Asia has historically undergone similar periods as political, social, and economic life is disrupted. Centuries after the collapse of the Han dynasty, China fell into political disarray and decline. The chaos and disorder experienced in China bears a strong resemblance to that often referred to by historians as the European Dark Ages. East Asian history, and in particular Chinese annals, is witness to these periods. This study examines the presence of East Asian Dark Age from the third century A.D. up until the seventh century A.D., this disruptive period is very much tied to a pre-Dark Age period characterized by intense resource utilization, consumption, abundance, and prosperity. The implication for subsequent periods is an altered and depleted environment. When coupled with political fragmentation, wars, disease, famine, and drought, an ecologically unstable situation leads to a decrease in trade and cultural contacts. This study finds that environmental features also come to characterize Dark Age periods. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the policy studies of East Asia in general, and Taiwan in particular, by analyzing the discursive politics affecting the articulation of women's productive and reproductive labor rights in policy development within a historical context. In the last 50 years, Taiwan has gone through three distinct eras, each characterized by different articulations of nation-building. However, each also share the same core ideology of nation-building as benefiting the collective good.

Bringing sustainability practices to the aviation industry has helped in offsetting carbon emissions to a great extend. However, the question of whether these practices neutralize carbon emissions is yet unanswered. The research presents an eco-efficiency performance analysis on selected seven airlines in Eastern Asia based on data availability using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) as the evaluation technique. The study was carried out with five environmental indicators as inputs (Electricity Consumption, Jet fuel Consumption, GHG emissions, water consumption, and waste generated) and four value-added indicators as the outputs (revenue, passengers, employees, and cargo carried) to compare the sustainability performance levels for the selected airlines. The data related to the airlines required for the assessment was obtained from several database resources, including the GRI, annual airline sustainability reports, ICAO, and IATA. All Nippon Airlines (ANA) is the most eco-efficient and sustainably performing airline in Eastern Asia based on the selected indicators and the obtained datasets. It was observed that there is a discrepancy in the measuring units for the indicators in the metric system used in the published sustainability reports between airlines; thus, collecting complete and consistent data is best recommended to evaluate each airline's sustainability performance from a broader perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental protection and maintaining the ecological balance are the most important state development priorities. Environmental policy issues are closely related to the level of technological equipment of economic sectors, sustainable development of territories, social policy and are aimed at ensuring environmental safety. The expansion of the geography of oil and gas production in Russian Federation in the direction of the northern and Far Eastern territories, the development of new territories (Eastern Siberia, the Arctic, the Far East) determine increased requirements for the environmental component of the extraction, processing and transportation of raw materials. At the same time, comprehensive interdisciplinary studies of anthropogenic changes in natural ecosystems under the influence of oil and gas production are practically not carried out. A unique feature of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (YNAO) is the coexistence of two opposite areas of economic activity in a vulnerable and extreme Arctic environment: the development of rich reserves of mineral resources and traditional nature management of the indigenous peoples of the North. The district has become a center of gas and oil production, intensive industrial development of the territory has led to the formation of significant foci of pollution and environmental degradation in recent years. An urgent task is the geo-ecological monitoring of the state of the environment of the regions of oil and gas production in the YNAO. The purpose of this work is to detect changes in the chemical composition of the waters in the lakes on the territory of Pur-Tazovsky district of YNAO with the beginning of industrial operation of the oil and gas condensate deposit. This article provides the chemical composition of the surface waters of the Gydan Peninsula, Parisento lake area. Physicochemical parameters and chemical components were discussed: pH, Eh, conductivity, major ions, and trace elements. The regularities of change surface waters composition depending on the genesis of reservoirs and the passage of time were determined. During research in 2016-2018, it was found that with the beginning of industrial operation of the East Messoyakhsky oil and gas condensate field there was a slight increase in mineralization and pH values in the water bodies of the Tasovsky district. The changes affected the main anion-cationic composition, where there was an increase in the percentage of sodium and chlorine. Similar transformations of the chemical composition of water bodies are possible under the action of alkaline and chlorine-containing process solutions used in the development and operation of wells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current writing in the macrosociology of development argues that developmental states require an elaborate set of historical preconditions. These preconditions increase the autonomy of the state technocracy against pressures from local capital and regional elites, preventing state development initiatives from becoming ineffective by falling into clientilism and capture by private interests. The comparative impact of this is to set up an implicit contrast between East Asia and the rest of the world - with the rest of the world being viewed as less promising for state led development.This paper argues that while such preconditions are without question desirable, it is entirely possible for states to have effective development policies in the absence of such ideal conditions. Three case studies of economic development in northeastern Brazil are used to show that state development mechanisms suggested by James O'Connor, Peter Evans and Claus Offe are all capable of promoting development, even in settings rife with corruption, and private sector meddling with social policy. The secret in all of these cases is that the development initiatives concerned are all relatively inexpensive - and they all require low levels of technical skills in order to execute. When development projects are cheap and easy, even flawed governments can execute them well. This greatly expands the theoretical domain of applicability of state led development theories beyond the ideal cases of East Asia and suggests that the ability of states to raise standards of living beyond that expected from market levels may be quite widespread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I use historical and contemporary documentation of migration from Korea, Japan, and China to explain the variation and changes in international migration patterns from the three countries in the pre- and post- 1980s East Asia. I contend that the patterns of migration for the pre-1980s' migrants are "inter-national" in character and result in large part from different structural conditions of the respective home and host societies. However, the patterns of migration from the three societies after the 1980s become increasingly similar with one another, therefore "transnational": I hypothesize that this outcome arises from emerging transnational economic similarities that go across societies. This shift in salience from distinctive local and national conditions to similarities in global conditions portends substantial changes in the patterns of migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports results from a network analysis of global airline passenger flows and international commodity trade data in order to test propositions related to the effect of globalization on the relationship between the world-system of cities and the interstate world-system. Recent discussions of a world city hierarchy relate that structure to the wider global international division of labor and world-economy. Many scholars suggest that the broader parameters of the world-system structures the urban hierarchy embedded within it, but recently others argue that the urban hierarchy is decoupling from the world-system. Our analyzes show that there has been some modest convergence in the distribution of power in the world city system. Moreover, they suggest that the mechanism for this divergence/convergence is has been the upward mobility of cities located in the semi-periphery and the East Asian region. We close by considering the implication of these findings for a larger understanding of the relationship between globalization, the structure of the world city system and its isomorphism with the world-system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research moves beyond the civilizing versus destructive moral views of market society to examine the emerging local/transnational Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) market in Taiwan. The author adopts Fourcade and Healy's (2007) approach of "moralized market" to understand the moral landscape of an emerging market and its economic orders. Multiple research methods were utilized for data collection, mainly fieldwork, in-depth interview, and secondary source data search. The author argues that social actors mobilize contesting justificatory logics to do moral legitimacy, through which the moral and economic orders of commencing ARTs care have been generated, practiced, and experienced. In addition, my findings suggest that there is a variation in the ARTs market organization. This research contributes to the old question about morality and market in economics and economic sociology. Positioning in economic and organizational sociology, feminist studies, and science, technology, and society (STS) studies, this research specifically contributes to the body of literature on the moralized market by incorporating techno-scientific and feminist lens, and contributes to the previous feminist and STS studies of the ARTs by incorporating a moralized market approach. Moreover, this research offers an empirical understanding of the emerging global ARTs market in our current time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deteriorating employment circumstances for young adults have been posited as one of the major factors contributing to fertility decline in East Asia. Using two nationally representative longitudinal data of young adults in Japan (Japanese Panel Study of Consumers) and South Korea (Korean Welfare Panel Study), we examine relationships of women's work (e.g., unemployment, standard, and nonstandard employment) with fertility outcomes in these two countries. Results from discrete-time hazard models show that women in standard employment delay childbirth for both first and second birth. In addition, women in nonstandard employment are least likely to make a transition to first and second childbirth. These patterns are found to be the same in Japan and South Korea. We speculate that the reasons for delaying childbirth may vary by women's employment type. Women in career jobs with standard employment may postpone childbirth for career advancement. In contrast, women in unstable employment conditions with nonstandard employment may postpone childbearing because of economic constraints. Findings of this study will help us understand interrelationships between precarious work, gender, and fertility. They will also shed light on the role of social, economic, and policy contexts that may condition these relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased prevalence of premarital pregnancy is thought to be a key indicator of family change in East Asian societies. Drawing on retrospective data on women's pregnancy histories collected in 2016, we investigate prevalence, trends, and factors associated with premarital pregnancy in China. Overall, 12% of Chinese married women born between the 1970s and the 1990s have experienced at least one premarital pregnancy. Women in more recent cohorts are more likely than their counterparts born in the 1970s to have premarital pregnancies. Moreover, the cohort trend toward increased premarital pregnancies is largely because women with very low levels of education are increasingly more likely to have premarital pregnancies across cohorts. The diverging patterns of premarital pregnancy challenge the second demographic transition perspective that attributes family change in low-fertility countries to ideational change and the diffusion of innovative attitudes and behaviors from more advantaged groups to others. The findings suggest that in the midst of the sexual revolution and drastic social change in China, there has been a growing social divide between those with very low levels of education and those with more education. With the growing diversity in Chinese families, more research should be devoted to investigating whether people follow different trajectories depending on their class position and what the consequences are for children, family, and social inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of "world revolutions" comes from studies of the Europe-centered ("modern") world-system, referring to periods in which protests, rebellions and revolutions broke out in the same decades in different parts of the system. We propose to evaluate the world revolution hypothesis as it may have operated in the East Asian world-system since the Bronze Age. We will examine the timing of protest and rebellion events to see if they cluster in time and across space. We consider economic and political contexts, synchronies of rebellions, and connections among those that rebelled and among those that sought to repress or ameliorate the rebellions. And we will eventually quantitatively test hypotheses about the interactions among within-state and between state conflicts, the role of rebellions in dynastic cycles and the relationships between rebellions and changes in the scale of polities and cities in the East Asian worldsystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]