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Subjects addressed by the 35 papers in this proceedings include: computer-based cooperative, collaborative and individual learning; comparison of students' and teachers' computer affect and behavior effects on performance; effects of headings and computer experience in CBI; use of CSCA to support argumentation skills in legal education; drama's role in multimedia instructional software; metaphorical interfaces' return-on-investment; students learning different cultures through sharing artwork in a telecommunications project; conceptual framework for the construction of multiple perspectives in collaborative environments; evaluation of computer-based training for a university financial system; e-journal forum for school psychologists; language as access to mathematics learning and technology; scholarly electronic journals; designing interaction in learning applications; teaching the introductory course in Instructional Technology; an instrument to measure teachers' attitudes toward use of Web resources in the classroom; integrating NASA Web resources into science instruction; collaborative dissertations; role of scaffolds during project-based learning; impact of the technology course on in-service teachers; effects of learning via Web design approach on students' perception; affecting socially constructed beliefs through narrative simulation; social cognitive constructs of motivation to enhance success in online distance education; a case study on instructional technology in continuing medical education; qualitative research on computer simulation for continuing education in the workplace; computer literacy and persistence in community college; a resource-based learning environment to foster self-directedness in pre-service teachers; impact of information literacy on Web-based learning; theoretical model for study of virtual reality in education; instructional design discourse in mathematical inquiry; estimating reliability of self-reported data for Web-based instruction; survey of doctoral dissertations in educational technology research; impact of technology use in K-12 schools; philosophical inquiry in instructional technology; research issues of motivation in WBI; and role of semantic congruency in design of graphic organizers. (AEF)

Adult learners with low literacy skills compose a highly heterogeneous population in terms of demographic variables, educational backgrounds, knowledge and skills in reading, self-efficacy, motivation etc. They also face various difficulties in consistently attending offline literacy programs, such as unstable worktime, transportation difficulties, and childcare issues. AutoTutor for Adult Reading Comprehension (AT-ARC), as an online conversation-based intelligent tutoring system that incorporated a theoretical model of reading comprehension, was developed with great efforts to meet adult learners' needs and be adaptive to their knowledge, skills, self-efficacy, and motivation. In this paper, we introduced the adaptive features of AT-ARC from four aspects: learning material selection, adaptive branching, trialogues, and interface, as well as the rationale behind these designs. In the end, we suggested further research on improving the adaptivity of AT-ARC. [This paper was published in: "HCII 2021," Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) Vol. 12792, edited by R. A. Sottilare and J. Schwarz, Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2021, pp. 592-603.]

Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) platforms now support shared, immersive experiences that enable people to directly physically and perceptually engage with mathematical objects, including shared objects. These new forms of AR/VR technology -- which we call "shared holographic AR/VR" (shAR) -- enable multiple learners to manipulate and reason about the same mathematical objects represented as holograms projected in a joint three-dimensional collaborative space in front of them, using intuitive hand gestures. This Interactive Tools and Demos paper discusses an AR/VR environment for collaboratively exploring geometry conjectures about shapes and solids. We show data of learners collaborating in our environment using speech, dynamic actions on virtual objects, and hand gestures. We discuss the potential of AR and VR environments for mathematics learning.

Computer Programming is believed to have effect on creativity, reasoning, analytic and mathematical skills. This cognitive development is at a cost from both ends of students and teachers of computer programming. Its abstractive nature makes it difficult to teach and learn hence, the enormous hours spent in teaching, learning and developing solutions. Consequently, the less interest among the students at all levels of education. Studies have shown various attempts to ease its teaching and learning by developing user friendly interfaces and use of course video teaching clips from seasoned programmers. However, learning and teaching programming skills remains a herculean task for student and teachers respectively. It is believed that interacting with a more tangible object can improve students' interest in developing computer programming skills. A mobile robot- a situated and embodied electronic device serves this purpose hence, the use of the device that students have more interest in interacting with in this study. In this work, an interactive program evaluation framework was developed that interact with a simulated e-puck robot on V-Rep simulator platform. The study shows an increased interest and improved performance in computer programming among Computer Science students.

In their 1994 article, "The Politics of the Interface: Power and its Exercise in Electronic Contact Zones," compositionists Cynthia Selfe and Richard Selfe give examples of how certain features of word processing software and other programs used in writing classrooms (including their icons, clip art, interfaces, and file structures) can invisibly privilege cultural values that not all of the program's potential users share, creating disadvantages. Selfe and Selfe call for teachers to help students examine these technologies and develop their critical awareness of their influences. In this paper I consider that library databases and other online search engines can also be seen as classroom technologies that are commonly used but often unexamined by librarians, teachers, and students. In particular, the ways that online database interfaces--the search options and results screens that stand between researchers and the information that they seek--can have a dramatic influence over these researchers, affecting the ways that they think about searching as well as how they actually conduct their searches, while other invisible features of these databases can also affect results. Library databases and other online search engines are not a neutral classroom technology any more than word processing software is, and students and teachers need to be aware of the larger implications of their use of this technology. Developing a critical awareness of all of the information sources they are using can only benefit students and help them become more experienced academic writers and researchers as well. [For full proceedings, see ED571297. This paper was presented in the 2014 proceedings.]

Intelligent Tutoring System are state of the art in eLearning since the late 1980s. The earliest system have been developed in teams of psychologists and computer scientists, with the goal to investigate learning processes and, later on with the goal to intelligently support teaching and training with computers. Over the years, the eLearning hype appeared and vanished, and returned in a slightly different shape. However, Intelligent Tutoring Systems, as one of the most adaptive system types, remained in the focus of interest. Due to this, it is surprising that there exists no ITS architecture, no guideline how to implement these systems, and no structured, software engineered approach, which helps to develop comparable systems. In this paper, we will show the first steps toward such a system: a broad analysis of ITS over several years of research, with the resulting structured architecture. [For full proceedings, see ED571332.]

Technological advances over the last decade have had a significant impact on the teaching and learning experiences students encounter today. We now take technologies such as Web 2.0, mobile devices, cloud computing, podcasts, social networking, super-fast broadband, and connectedness for granted. So what about the student use of these types of technologies? Is there a blurring of the distinction between using them for academic purposes versus social use in their everyday lives? If so, what lessons can Higher Education learn from the fields of HCI and User Experience Design (UXD) about improving engagement through using familiar, intuitive and exciting interactions with technology? One of the factors driving the development of new pedagogies associated with the use of technologies for learning is a concern that there may be differences between the way that students use technologies today for socialising, working and learning. This paper describes the experiences of undergraduate students within the School of Engineering and Computing at the University of the West of Scotland. Initially under the auspices of a UK Higher Education Academy (HEA) Digital Literacies project, groups of students have completed activity maps to show how they used modern technologies for educational and personal purposes, and whether Visitor or Resident behaviour is exhibited. An analysis of these maps may prove interesting showing which tools are most popular and which are niche-focussed in order to assess the implications for student engagement and enjoyment of learning. [For full proceedings, see ED571332.]

Science on a Sphere (SoS) is a compelling educational display installed at numerous museums and planetariums around the world; essentially the SoS display is a large spherical surface on which multicolor high-resolution depictions of (e.g.) planetary weather maps may be depicted. Fascinating as the SoS display is, however, it is in practice restricted to the use of museum professionals; students (and for that matter, older museum visitors) are unable to create their own displays for the surface. This paper describes a working software system, "Math on a Sphere" (MoS), that democratizes the SoS display by providing a simple programming interface to the public, over the World Wide Web. Briefly, our system allows anyone to write programs for spherical graphics patterns, and then to upload those programs at a planetarium or museum site and see the result on the giant sphere. This paper describes the implementation of the MoS system; sketches a sample project; and concludes with a more wide-ranging discussion of our user testing to date, as well as strategies for empowering children and students with greater control of public displays. [For the full proceedings, see ED562107.]

Ubiquitous Learning Log (ULL) is defined as a digital record of what you have learned in the daily life using ubiquitous technologies. This paper focuses on how to capture learning experiences in our daily life for vocabulary learning. In our previous works, we developed a system named SCROLL (System for Capturing and Reminding Of Learning Log) in order to log, organize, recall and evaluate the learning log. However up to now, we just use an active mode to record logs. This means that a learner must take a capture of learned contents consciously and most of learning chances be lost unconsciously. This paper proposes a system named PACALL (Passive Capture for Learning Log) in order to have a passive capture using SenseCam to solve this problem. With the help of SenseCam, learner's activity can be captured as a series of images. With the help of this system, a learner can find the important images by analyzing sensor data and images processing technology. [For the full proceedings, see ED562140.]

Viewed through an investigation of the cultural and social impact of Information Technology (IT), this paper attempts to illustrate the theoretical and practical utility of HCI (Human Computer Interaction) to communication research. Informed by the full integration hypothesis, which suggests that information technologies have become part of the fabric of daily life, the paper illustrates the relevance of HCI to the design and development of safe, productive and usable artifacts. Using several relevant themes of HCI (individual differences, stakeholder analysis, sociotechnical design, and usability), the paper observes that HCI's interdisciplinary pragmatism offers considerable insight into the phenomenon of Information Technology. Furthermore, as a form of action research, HCI is not merely interested in the prediction and control of design outcomes, rather HCI actively shapes technological innovation. The paper suggests that both HCI and communication scholars could benefit from a mutual exchange of conceptual and methodological approaches. Contains 61 references. (Author/RS)

In modern video games, music can come in different shapes: it can be developed on a very high compositional level, with sophisticated sound elements like in professional film music; it can be developed on a very coarse level, underlying special situations (like danger or attack); it can also be automatically generated by sound engines. However, in all these approaches, no active adaptation of musical elements to user activities can be found. Context dependent and adaptive music elements are no longer background or emotional support structures, but transform to information resources, which can be actively used by the user. Thus, they become a kind of human computer interface. In this paper, we focus on music as active information resource in video games and game-based learning systems. [For the full proceedings, see ED562093.]

The paper discusses the development of Web educational services for specific groups. A key feature is to allow the display and use of educational materials and training services to the widest possible set of different devices, especially in the browser classic desktop computers, notebooks, tablets, mobile phones and also on different readers for visually impaired users. The Web service will be created according to the rules WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines). The article also focuses on the accessibility of educational services and the selection of appropriate tools for effortless and effective implementation. The Department of Information Technologies of the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague has extensive experience with electronic online education of specific groups (e.g . seniors, women at maternity leave). The solution will be used in the development of educational services "Labyrinth". Software will be developed in collaboration the Department of Information Technologies of the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague and nongovernment organization Czech Society for Information Technology in Agriculture. [For the complete proceedings, see ED562096.]

The Interactive Surveying Instructor (ISI) is an extension of the work developed by Garbanzo and Lara (2018), who created a web 2.0 app for teaching differential leveling in surveying engineering. Two improvements were done to enhance the user experience and include surveying equipment that is important in the first stages of the engineering training: developing a new web interface using bootstrap 4.0.0 and a module for optical-mechanical theodolites. Often, these students have problems to practice on the field because they need a peer to assist them with the equipment, this situation can restrict their learning. ISI was developed using PHP, MySQL, JavaScript and it is a light web application designed to simulate equipment readings. Furthermore, the readings made by students are stored in a database to analyze them. ISI is operational but still is not suitable for mobile screens. This adaptation to mobiles is the next step in this project. [For the complete proceedings, see ED590269.]

It is preferable for business professionals to develop web applications which must be modified frequently based on their needs. A website for matching is a typical example because various matching websites for C2C (Consumer to Consumer) have recently been opened in relation to the "sharing economy". In our case studies on end-user development, web applications are developed using domain-specific application frameworks. Applicability of these domain-specific application frameworks has a tradeoff relation with programming granularity in which business logic is expressed. The template for the business logic definition based on three-tier architecture of user interfaces, business logic and databases improves the applicability. [For full proceedings, see ED571459.]

The number of visually impaired people is increasing year by year. Although attention has been given to the needs of people with disabilities, most of the discussion has focused on social welfare, while talk about assistive technology for people with disabilities is rare. The blind need training courses for reconstruction and rehabilitation. Orientation and mobility (O&M) training is important for visually impaired people, teaching safe, efficient and effective travel skills. Skills learned from O&M training courses can help the blind walk on the street safely. Crossing the street is especially dangerous, since blind people cannot see traffic lights, and rely mostly on sound for information about their environment. Thus, learning to recognize the varied sounds of vehicles and determining the direction and speed of moving vehicles is critical. In this paper, we propose an interactive game with 3D sound that simulates a busy street environment. The proposed game tries to build a virtual environment with 3D sound to help visually impaired people learn to cross the street safely. As the proposed training game is designed for the blind, the technologies of Kinect and Text-to-Speech (TTS) are used in the human-computer interface in the proposed game, so that they can use the game independently. [For the full proceedings, see ED562127.]

Providing a Conversional, Animated Qur'an Memorizer on modern smart phones will allow young generation technology savvies to be able to immerse themselves inside Qur'an and its sciences. Using technological means to deal with Qur'an and its sciences is at the focus of attention of the Noor Center in Taibah University. In this project we use the technologies of virtual reality, conversional interfaces, animated touch screens, metro-style navigation to build a Qur'an memorizer along with some of the Qur'an related sciences. The goal is to bring these technology attractions to Qur'an and it sciences. In this paper we present a small scale implementation of only Part ??? ??" 30 " of the Conversional, Animated Qur'an Memorizer application. The implementation is ported on major smart phones currently available and tested. [For the full proceedings see ED562140.]

This research team has developed a learning trajectory on 3D visualization for elementary children. This paper focuses on the interchange among the three Spatial Operational Capacity framework representations, namely, 3D models, 2D conventional diagrams, and semiotic abstract representations, and the critical role of a dynamic computer interface that simulates the representations. The trajectory is described through an actions-on-objects (Connell, 2001) lens and the project's strong problem-solving approaches that are critical to its successful enactment. [For the complete proceedings, see ED585874.]

Tangible user interfaces (TUIs) are frequently used to teach children abstract concepts, in science and mathematics. TUIs offer a natural and immediate form of interaction that promotes active and hands-on engagement and allows for exploration and reflection. Tangible objects are representational artifacts in their essence, and they increase the representational power, which is a much needed quality in fraction teaching. By exploiting research into the external representations for learning, tangibles and embodied learning, we have designed an interactive tangible number line, named Fractangi, as a conceptual metaphor for helping students to understand and exploit fractions by acting with their hands. A pilot study was conducted in a Department of Primary Education with 65 undergraduate students in order to extract preservice teachers' views on the usability and learning effectiveness of the proposed tangible interface. Preservice teachers' views were extremely positive, in regards both to the context of usage (tangibility, gamification), and to the content of the interaction (learning interactions were considered better than traditional forms of teaching). Fractangi seems able to transform an unpopular learning topic to an enjoyable learning experience. [For full proceedings, see ED571332.]

Developing online test environments for e-learning for mobile devices will be useful to increase drill practice opportunities. In order to provide a drill practice environment for calculus using an online math test system, such as STACK, we develop a flickable math input interface that can be easily used on mobile devices. The number of taps required on a mobile device is considerably reduced using the new math input interface. [For the full proceedings, see ED571335.]

In this work we will introduce the concept of "music coding," namely a new discipline that employs basic music activities and simplified languages to teach the computational way of thinking to musically-untrained children who attend the primary school. In this context, music represents both a mean and a goal: in fact, from one side coding activities are based on music processes that are able to unveil algorithmic thinking; from the other side, such processes may stimulate creativity and collaborative learning, and their audio feedback is immediately perceivable. Consequently, music can represent a valid learning tool as well as an addictive reinforcement technique to approach coding. After describing a new formalism to graphically encode music operators, a Web prototype specifically designed for music coding will be presented and discussed. [For the full proceedings, see ED562095.]

Within high school chemistry the topic of acids, bases, and pH is particularly challenging because robust understanding of the topic depends heavily on the student possessing deep concepts of atoms, molecules, ions, and chemical reactions. Since knowledge is acquired and stored in a dynamic structure, it was investigated in this study how knowledge changed as a result of the student's exposure to a particular type of learning task. Two areas of interest were targeted: the change in the students' understanding of acids, bases, and pH over the course of the treatment and the type of thought processes in which the students engaged while performing the treatment tasks. These understandings and thought processes were followed as a function of three levels of information presented by the technology: low level as represented by the use of chemical indicator solutions, intermediate level as represented by the use of a pH meter, and high level as represented by the use of a microcomputer-interfaced electronic pH probe. Reported in this paper are students' understandings prior to and after interacting with these technologies. Verbal data and drawings obtained in clinical interviews were used to construct concept maps and to analyze students' molecular concepts. Experts were also interviewed, and their concept maps were analyzed to identify critical nodes on their understanding of acids, bases, and pH. The concept maps and drawings were analyzed and two general conclusions reached: (1) students using microcomputer-based laboratory (MBL) activities appeared to construct more powerful and more meaningful chemical concepts; (2) the microcomputer group's high rates of both erroneous and acceptable links provide evidence that these students were positively engaged in restructuring their chemical knowledge. MBL appears to help students develop deeper understanding of acids, bases, and pH concepts, as indicated by the concept maps showing more detailed differentiation and integration. Examples of student's and expert's concept maps are appended. (KR)

e-Learning environments offer content, such text, audio, video, animations, using the Web infrastructure and they are designed to users interacting with keyboard, mouse and a medium-sized screen. Mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, have enough computation power to render Web pages, allowing browsing the Internet and access e-Learning environments. But, their main interaction style is touching, bringing some problems, cosmetics or severe ones. To identify these problems and correct them to allow mobile users access the TelEduc, an e-Learning environment, we planned a user test case with four volunteers using smartphones for access it. The collected data was analyzed and some problems were identified, giving some insights about the problems and barriers multi-touch mobile users dealt and can be easily corrected to give them a better interaction experience. To have an e-Learning environment with good usability in mobile devices is a first step to have a virtual learning environment for sharing data between desktop and mobile devices and understand the behavior of mobile users in this context. [For the full proceedings, see ED562127.]

The IADIS CELDA 2012 Conference intention was to address the main issues concerned with evolving learning processes and supporting pedagogies and applications in the digital age. There had been advances in both cognitive psychology and computing that have affected the educational arena. The convergence of these two disciplines is increasing at a fast pace and affecting academia and professional practice in many ways. Paradigms such as just-in-time learning, constructivism, student-centered learning and collaborative approaches have emerged and are being supported by technological advancements such as simulations, virtual reality and multi-agents systems. These developments have created both opportunities and areas of serious concerns. This conference aimed to cover both technological as well as pedagogical issues related to these developments. The IADIS CELDA 2012 Conference received 98 submissions from more than 24 countries. Out of the papers submitted, 29 were accepted as full papers. In addition to the presentation of full papers, short papers and reflection papers, the conference also includes a keynote presentation from internationally distinguished researchers. Individual papers contain figures, tables, and references.

This 2004 Association of Small Computer Users in Education (ASCUE) conference proceedings presented the theme "Leading Strategic & Cultural Change through Technology." The conference introduced its ASCUE Officers and Directors, and provides abstracts of the pre-conference workshops. The full-text conference papers in this document include: (1) Strategic Planning at a Small College (Robert Agnew); (2) Web Accessibility--Does Your Web Site Make the Grade? (Melanie Anderson); (3) Digital Ink for Online Teaching: An Idea Whose Time Has Finally Come (William Bernhardt, Mark Lewental, and Peter Miller); (4) Information Literacy and Technology Across the Curriculum (Thomas Brennan and Cathy Rowe); (5) Distance Education as a Catalyst for Change in Higher Education (Elizabeth Anne Christo-Baker); (6) Increasing the Interest of Elementary Age Students in the Computing Sciences through Day Camps (Daniel Cliburn, Tracey Weisheit, Jason Griffith, Matt Jones, Hunter Rackley, Eric Richey, and Kevin Stormer); (7) Technology Planning Strategies (Kathy Decker); (8) You've Got Mail! Managing a Campus-wide eMail Migration (David Diedriech); (9) Utilizing a CMS to Facilitate Computer Science Instruction (Deborah Dunn and Dennis Lingerfelt); (10) Collaborative Initiatives within an Information Technology Organization (Lisa Fears); (11) Library Tools for Connecting with the Curriculum (Bob Fernekes, Debra Skinner, and Sonya S. Gaither Shepherd); (12) Assessment Methodology in Technical Courses (Thomas Fogle and Mary Insabella); (13) Portable & Mobile Classroom (PortMoC) (James Gerraughty); (14) What Else Can You Do with Your Course Management System? (Chandra Gigliotti-Guridi); (15) Enhancing Teaching Using MATLAB Add-Ins for EXCEL (Paul Hamilton); (16) Creative Problem Solving-Software and Portals (Sam Hijazi, M. Leigh Smith, and Edgardo Alvarado-Vazquez); (17) Too Much Information--Too Much Apprehension (Sam Hijazi); (18) Serving 11 Institutions WebCT from a Central Location (Rob A. Hoyt, Aaron McNulty, and Jim Workman); (19) Instructional Technology in Computer Science (Frederick Jenny); (20) Possibilities for the Visiting e-Lecture (June Julian); (21) Faculty/Student Surveys Using Open Source Software (Sali Kaceli); (22) Honeypots: Covert Network Security (Michael Lavengood and Joel Spriggs); (23) Technophobes Teaching with Technology (Mark Lecher); (24) Streaming Media Seminar--Effective Development and Distribution of Streaming Multimedia in Education (Robert Mainhart, James Gerraughty, and Kristine M. Anderson); (25) Progress Report--Update on the Microsoft Tutorials (Tom Murray); (26) DVD Portfolios as a Strategic Career Move (Scott Phillips); (27) The Potential Impact of Offshore Outsourcing on Information Systems Education Programs (Thomas A. Pollack); (28) Adding Interactivity to a Non-Interactive Class (Gary Rogers and Jack Krichen); (29) Recent Legal Developments in CyberCrime & Terrorism (Gary Rogers and Jason Ashford); (30) Relationships between Computer Skills and Technostress Levels: How Does This Affect Me? (Sonya Shepherd); (31) The Use of Multiple Monitor and KVM (Keyboard, Video, and Mouse) Technologies in an Educational Setting (Robin Snyder); (32) A Practical Introduction to the XML, Extensible Markup Language, by Way of Some Useful Examples (Robin Snyder); (33) Design Principles to Improve Website Accessibility (John Stamey and Thomas L. Honeycutt); (34) A Follow up: Developing Growing Need for Soft-Skills in IT Professionals (Dewey Swanson and Julie Phillips); (35) Multi Media Madness--Improving Professional Development for Instructional Technology (Nancy Thibeault); (36) Center for Instructional Technology: A Strategic Imperative (Debra Volzer, Richard Farmer, and Mark Weaver); (37) E-Portfolios for Student Teachers-Second Year of a Pilot Program (George Weimer and Tim Hall); (38) How to Protect against Terrorism, Disasters, and Disaster Recovery (An Introduction Class) (Victor Williams); and (39) The Effect of a Computerized Teaching Assistant on Student Interaction, Student Satisfaction, and Retention Rates of Students in a Distance Course (Cheryl Reindl-Johnson). (Individual papers contain references. For the 2005 proceedings, see ED490133.)

Online teaching provides a new avenue for the human imagination, another way for artists and teachers to creatively participate in the predominant cultural form of our time, the Internet. Several online university courses are presented as examples of communities of learners in action. They provide an overview of what was found to be effective in digital learning ecologies. The contrasting arguments of both Postman, and Nardi and O'Day are presented in a series of examples of Problems and Solutions. The problem is the difficulty of effective human communication. This action research shows that online learning provides a good way to extend the human dialogue into new dimensions for teaching, for learning, and for understanding.

This is a story about screen interactivity and its magical early influences. It includes a brief history of the evolution of the computer, with examples from contemporary applications in art and museum education. I believe it is important to know about the early days of drawing on the screen to get a sense of the continuum of ideas that has led us to our present technologies. Within this glorious swirl of ideas, from the early computer innovators such as Ada Byron, Ivan Sutherland and Apple, to "Winky Dink and You," and Miss Frances' "Ding Dong School," this professor's ideas and my students' experiments, it is your inventive spirit at the front of the glass and behind it that keeps the screen an enchanted space.

This proceeding of the third WebNet conference--WebNet 98--addresses research, new developments, and experiences related to the Internet, intranets, and extranets. The 265 contributions of WebNet 98 presented in this volume consist of the full and short papers accepted for presentation at the conference from a collection of more than 600 submitted from 40 countries. Included are position papers by leading experts in the field; descriptions of ideas and products; reports on concrete applications of the Web; discussions of the impact of the Web on various aspects of life; plus considerations as to how society might adjust to the resultant changes. Major areas covered at the conference include: (1) commercial, business, professional, and community applications; (2) educational applications; (3) electronic publishing and digital libraries; (4) ergonomic, interface, and cognitive issues; (5) general Web tools and facilities; (6) personal applications and environments; (7) societal issues, including legal, standards, and international issues; and (8) Web technical facilities. (AEF)

The 1997 WebNet conference addressed research, new developments, and experiences related to the Internet and intranets. The 257 contributions of WebNet 97 contained in this proceedings comprise the full and short papers accepted for presentation at the conference. Included are positions papers by leading experts in the field; descriptions of ideas that are on the borderline between an idea, a prototype, and products; and reports on concrete applications of the World Wide Web, its impact on various aspects of life, and thoughts on how society might adjust to the resultant changes. Major areas covered include: advances in multimedia; browsing and navigation tools; computer-human interface issues; courseware development; educational multimedia on the Web; electronic publishing and the Web; industries and services; legal issues; psychology of Web use; security and privacy; statistical tools and user tracking; training; Web servers; application development tools; collaborative learning and work; country specific developments; data and link management; electronic commerce; future issues in WebNet technology; integration of Web applications and services; Internet-based multimedia/hypermedia systems; search engines; social and cultural issues; teaching; virtual reality; and Web site tools. (AEF)

Anthropomorphism can be defined as the attribution of human characteristics or behavior to inanimate objects. People give names to their automobiles and computers as a way to relate to complicated pieces of technology that they use regularly, but do not fully understand. Software designers may claim that their interfaces are intuitive, but in fact, software is too contrived to be intuitive. If navigating the program seems easier it is largely because the user has become more accustomed to programs of that type. Users have difficulty arriving at that point, however, without some built-in help, like interface guides. Interface guides, or agents, are navigational devices in the user interface which take action on behalf of the user. Some agents have been named and anthropomorphized into figures like a butler, a miner, or a wizard, and they can set forth the user's schedule, guide him through a program or online information resource, and offer feedback and encouragement. Interface guides can personalize and customize the interface, add structure to the software by organizing content around a specific guide, and integrate motivation and navigation. With video clips and snippets of audio, they do require a lot of "zorch," or processing power, as well as a lot of disk space, but many users already have both of these things in abundance. The major problems lie in the fact that more research on their effectiveness is needed and in the fact that much of the clip art that some designers depend on is rife with gender and racial stereotypes. Four reproductions of computer screens illustrate the discussion. (Contains 13 references.) (BEW)

Creating educational software generally requires a great deal of computer expertise, and as a result, educators lacking such knowledge have largely been excluded from the design process. Recently, researchers have been designing tools for automating some aspects of building instructional applications. These tools typically aim for generality, resulting in interfaces with limited, generic styles. An alternative, appropriate for more complex, interactive software, is to provide tools with special purpose task models. A prototype authoring tool for interactive educational software, called Goal-Based Scenario Builder, is illustrated, and a mode of interaction called Guided Case Adaptation is described. Goal-Based Scenarios (GBS) provides an engaging task through which learners can master a set of target skills. This case-based approach to software design involves the user, and creates an interactive dialogue in which the program and designer collaboratively apply adaptations to a retrieved case. The Investigate and Decide GBS model is applied, and its five phases are outlined: problem, do, decide, communicate, and wrap-up. An example dialogue is presented. An early prototype of this tool was tested by graduate students in a first-year seminar in creating their own GBSs. An informal evaluation of the tool based on student reactions provided early indications that the tool makes prototyping easier, and that it supports a fairly wide range of applications within the limits set by the model. A table summarizes GBSs created in the prototype testing, and two figures illustrate the application. (Contains 15 references.) (MAS)

In BCI (Brain Computer Interface) domain it is challenging task to correctly classify emotions electroencephalogram (EEG) which will enable many opportunities in health care. For achieving this task, it is important to select good features and train model well. We have experimented on EEG (electroencephalogram) signals which are emotions-based data set to determine choice of patient. For this purpose, different papers have been studied and emotions data set has been selected from KAGGLE. To achieve this task RNN (Recurrent Neural Network) has been applied. We have achieved accuracy of 98.5 % which outperformed previous accuracy of 97.79% [10]. We have applied features selection through Mutual Information Regression, data training (Recurrent Neural Network) and improved accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotions play a major role in the lifestyle of every human being living in this world. As the emotions keep changing from time to time, it also affects the external environment. Recently, many research works are focused towards emotion recognition using the brain signals. Brain Computer Interface is a rapidly growing technology as it involves in providing a communication from brain to computer. To acquire the brain several ways are used by the researchers but the most preferable method is Electroencephalogram (EEG). EEG is widely used as it has many advantages than other techniques. For better understanding of the area, we present a survey of research works during the year 2016 to 2020 in.this paper and thereby we provide an overview of the available research works in emotion recognition in the field of Brain Computer Interface (BCI). This paper primarily focuses on the testing method and the type of algorithm used for classification of emotions. An analysis has been executed based on the performance metrics like accuracy, number of emotions classified choice of method and several other factors contributing for emotion recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hoffmann reflex is a is a neurophysiological test that provides insight into the functioning of the human nervous system. It is commonly used in clinical and research settings to evaluate the modulation of the monosynaptic spinal reflex. This paper focus the analysis of the Hoffmann reflex in the trapezius muscle, a muscle of particular interest for researchers and clinicians due to its importance in upper limb function and dynamic stability. However, the Hoffmann reflex analysis of this muscle bring some challenges as the need of applicating burst of electrical square impulses in each current intensity. A web-based smart dashboard, implemented in Python, which allows the user to visualize and analyze the Hoffmann reflex using various signals acquired through a constant current stimulator. The dashboard provides an intuitive and user-friendly interface that facilitates the selection of muscle signals of interest, analysis cycles, and start and end points for the signals. The visualizations offered by the dashboard, including overlapped and mean signal graphics, provide valuable insights into the Hoffmann reflex and its properties. Preliminary experiments with field experts and physiotherapists have yielded positive feedback on the usefulness of this tool, as they seek to gain a deeper understanding of the Hoffmann reflex, and we plan to further improve its capabilities in the future by employing machine learning techniques to automate the reflex detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motor Imagery- Brain Computer Interface (MI-BCI) is known to be a recent blooming technique since it acts as non- muscular channel that helps for disabled people for communication. A exact and trustable MI-BCI system needs the extraction of enlightening and accurate features because it is a communication link among the wired brain and an external device. A brain computer interface, or BCI, plays a crucial role in human beings, particularly disabled persons. BCI is one in which various brain functions are analyzed or controlled with the help of computers (controllers). Along with-it EEG signals could be utilized to study the brain activity and also to diagnosis of diseases like neurological disorder, Parkinson's disease. EEG signals can be processed and the features can be extracted for the dimensionality reduction with the help of various techniques which includes PCA, Fast Fourier Transformation, Wavelet Transformation. These extracted features can be classified using classifiers such as SVM, K – Nearest neighbors, Neural network and few other methods. Now a days, the role of deep learning (DL) technique has had aowing impact on Motor imaginary-EEG-based Brain Computer Interface and data set has a vital role in all applications. Here in this paper, we have reviewed the recent papers that applied Physio net dataset to analyze and evaluate electroencephalogram (EEG) signals for various applications which contains 64 EEG channels and 109 subjects executing diverse tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the difference in test scores for students who engaged in proctored course assessments electronically via computer interface compared to students who took proctored assessments through a paper and pencil format in the classroom. A sample of 179 students registered in Intermediate Accounting I (CBAD 330) courses during the fall 2007, fall 2008, and summer 2008 semesters served as participants in this study. Each were given three non-cumulative and one cumulative assessments at approximately equal intervals throughout the semester. Forty three students completed all assessments electronically and 92 completed all assessment via pencil and paper. All students received the same in-class instruction, regardless of assessment format. ANOVA results indicated that students who completed all assessments electronically scored significantly higher than those students completing all assessments via pencil and paper. No interaction was present between test format and test number, suggesting that neither test format had a more severe learning curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper proposes a non-invasive hybrid brain-computer interface (hBCI) applicable in rehabilitation. In the first section of this research paper, the theoretical information about BCI and hybrid BCI are explained. A non-invasive hybrid BCI is a combination and parallel usage of electroencephalography (EEG - electrical activity of the brain) and additional technology. In this research paper, the additional technology is surface electromyography (sEMG - electrical activity of muscles). In this proposal, we suggest using EEG device from Emotiv, which is called Emotiv Epoc+ and sEMG will be measured by Arduino UNO with SpikerShield board. These low-cost types of equipment fulfill the requirements and are among the most popular devices in this category. The last part of this paper is dedicated to the possibility of applying these methods in rehabilitation. This hybrid BCI proposal can be more functional than regular BCI because it can produce more accurate rehabilitation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many authors have proposed guidelines for online browsing systems, however recently empirical research has added depth to these requirements. There has also been a spate of development in online browsing systems, particularly for library shelf browsing. These strands of research are clearly in service of providing better browsing options in an increasingly online library environment, however they have not yet been brought together. In this paper we use a recent empirical study and a survey of the literature to generate a comprehensive list of requirements for browsing interfaces. We will then compare that list to the interface features of a range of different book browsing interfaces, demonstrating why they may be more or less effective, and signpost development of more effective online browsing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After we did our research work in creating a model that suggested the possible yoga a person could do by taking in consideration of their physical parameters like BPM, sleep etc. and with any physical problem they had so that we could recommend yoga that doesn't aggravate the problem if not alleviate the issue and help them with their stress. After we analyzed the data collected from our users, we saw that even if the same set yoga was done by two individuals the improvements were varying depending upon how accurate they are performing the pose. Therefore, in this paper we created a Machine Learning model that tells a user if it is performing the pose correctly and then studied their Brain waves using NeuroSky Mind Wave with a pre and post yoga session. By providing the users if they are performing the yoga correctly, we saw improvement in their brain waves and their mental wellbeing in a few days of performing yoga. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal to converting brain activity into instructions for control and communication, predicting human mental intent has arisen as a prominent focus of research in Brain-Computer Interface research. These research entail gathering electroencephalographic data from participants in order to build classifiers that can decode users' mental states. However, training classifiers in BCI systems is difficult due to many source among the inter-subject or intra-subject variability in brain signals. This model training typically follows a common technique in terms of machine learning: i) feature extraction, needs effort and may also need domain expertise, ii) train a classifier using the retrieved features. Not only are very accurate classifiers now achievable thanks to deep learning algorithms, additionally incorporate the feature extraction stage into the process of creating classifiers. However deep learning models have the benefit of incorporating domain-dependent feature extraction during classifier construction, architectural selection procedure for BCIs is often dependent on domain knowledge. In this paper, we look at whether it's possible to build reliable classifier for deciphering P300 event-related potentials utilising a systematic deep learning model selection. The findings of Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), long short-term memory cells (LSTMs) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) and of varied complexity are presented. Our empirical findings demonstrate which is the best model for categorization of P300 waveforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes an easier mechanism of computer control for physically challenged people with spinal cord injury having restrained neck movements. They do not have appropriate input devices for performing essential activities in a computer. So, there is a great demand for electronic assistive devices. Our proposed method tracks the movement of the cursor using the head movements by analyzing well efficient datasets. Initially facial landmarks are located, specifically the eyes, nose and mouth. A convex hull is represented over their facial landmarks. Then image processing is done using the open CV. The cursor can be moved to the required coordinates using facial recognition and the mouse click can be achieved by blinking of the eyes. Also, it does not respond for the reflex actions produced by the neck. This acts as an assistive system to the user, so as he/she can operate the computer independently and access anything they want. It has ease in controlling and shows a user-friendly behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition activities, such as design reviews, are often utilised in product development to evaluate the conducted work and plan future actions. While key decisions are made during these activities, they are still underexplored. This paper studies the effect of transition goals and virtual reality (VR) on transition team performance. In an experimental study, four-member teams conducted two transition-related experimental tasks (validation and verification) working in one of the two conditions (VR or desktop interface). The results show that transition goals and VR affect performance. More specifically, the validation-oriented transition was more efficient but less effective than the verification one. Furthermore, the performance of the validation-oriented transition compared to the verification one was increased in VR and decreased in a desktop interface. Finally, the high-performing teams consistently discussed new issues, while low-performing teams had prolonged moments of not discussing anything new. These findings suggest that desktop interface and VR are not substitutable but rather complementary technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication through Technology and Technology via Communication is an interdisciplinary study. Language and Communication Technologies (LCT) has become a synonym to human language technology. This scientific learning can infiltrate language communication into technical stream, the way we are using in our day to day communication by using computers and smart phones. This led to the evolution of the technical language which became an interdisciplinary field embracing the fields of computer sciences and cognitive sciences. The assumption is that concept of language in communication technologies research has been a recurring process, with current research redeploying on language data as evidence of human enabled computer interface and interaction effects. This paper further discusses the importance of language variables and non verbal communication elements in the study of communication through technology. The article also analyses how technology and language are used besides to inform the pedagogue of technologies as well as how communication mediated multimedia has changed the face of language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing number of air pollution in various big cities in Indonesia currently increases concern. The facts show that air pollutants such as Particulate Matter and 5 elements such as HC, CO, CO2, O2 and NOx exceeded the ambient air quality standard threshold. In countries that have strict vehicle exhaust emission standards, those 5 elements must be measured, but Indonesia only measured 4 elements of the exhaust gas, without NOx. Most of the existing smoke detector tools are very inefficient to be used because of their large shape. Therefore, an exhaust emission detector test instrument was made on vehicles, in order to determine the level of emission threshold value. This study used a circuit consisting of a microcontroller block, input/output block, programmer block and Sensor block. In the microcontroller block, there are three important parts, including the oscillator circuit, the reset circuit, and the voltage circuit. In this paper, the tool was designed to read the value of exhaust emissions on the vehicle and make a comparison with that in Poltrada Bali workshop emission test equipment. Results showed that this design tool detected in real time and could show the air quality from the detection results. The measurement of exhaust emissions can be done in a short time and obtain definite results. The gas sensor can be calibrated by providing the desired value through a serial programming interface to the computer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article dicusses international conferences from July 2-4, 2916 including Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction (IHCI), Game and Entertainment Technologies (GET), and Computer Graphics, Visualization, Computer Vision and Image Processing (CGVCVIP). Topics discussed focus of the conference including computer vision, visualization, and computer graphics.

This paper details the redesign process of the bank reconciliation interface of ContaAzul, an online cloud-based financial management software for small businesses in Brazil. The reconciliation is a feature that allows the users to import bank account statements and easily register them into the software, generating automated reports that help the financial control of the small companies. The research problem was motivated by use cases that are not covered in the current version of this feature, as well as by recent technological advances, such as application programming interfaces (APIs) and similar software available in the market, justifying the redesign. Interaction design was chosen as the project approach and Garrett's five planes as the methodology. As the final deliverable, a prototype was composed of static, bitmap screens, elaborated from a participatory design perspective, which was presented to the software engineering team for further implementation. This research was developed as a course conclusion project in the Master's Degree in Design of University of the Region of Joinville, which is focused on industry-based, applied research and development. The first author of this paper is one of the design coordinators of ContaAzul company and co-responsible for the aforementioned feature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the computer-based experience of space in digital games, along with the physical and the virtual, a third space is emerging, which this paper suggests to be a hybrid mental-emotional space. This paper will focus on this hybrid space from the point of view of art. This research addresses the question of how a change at interface level transforms the mental-emotional experience of space in video games and virtual worlds. The thesis is that from specific changes made at this level, different mental-emotional experiences of space in video games could in fact be generated. The aim is to analyze how these changes that are being made at interface level in the art field impact the spatial experience. In order to achieve this aim, firstly, a conceptual framework will be developed regarding the different ways interaction emerges in the mental-emotional space; secondly, an analytical model for space involvement will be proposed. Lastly, a case study will be analyzed and some conclusions offered. This paper will contribute to the definition of the features of this mental-emotional space and to the analysis of the new possibilities for experiencing space in digital games and virtual worlds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, there have been significant advancements in utilizing the sensing capabilities of mobile devices for developing applications. The primary objective has been to enhance the way a user interacts with the application by making it effortless and convenient. This paper explores the capabilities of using Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI), an evolving subset of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) paradigms, to control mobile devices. We present a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art in this area, discussing the challenges and limitations in using BCI for mobile applications. Further we propose possible modalities that in future can benefit with BCI applications. This paper consolidates research directions being pursued in this domain, and draws conclusions on feasibility and benefits of using BCI systems effectively augmented to the mobile application development domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things concerns extensive ecosystems of 'things' connected by interfaces. Researching such ecosystems is challenging given that devices extend into multiple administrative domains with different boundaries and communications structures. In this paper, we explore how formalism, based on systems thinking and mathematical logic, might be used within a critical realist study of a sociotechnical IoT ecosystem. Specifically, we draw upon theories of distributed systems and their models to define IoT things in terms of locations, resources, and processes. Next, we explain how a formal logic can be used define and reason about IoT things and interfaces, explaining also the logically defined concepts of compositionality and local reasoning. Finally, we show how such models can be used to study a specific IoT ecosystem in order to derive generative mechanisms relevant to the socio-technical complexity of IoT ecosystems. In this way, we explore how we might introduce formal modelling within a critical realist epistemology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the 2015 Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction (IHCI) conference organised by the International Association for Development of the Information Society in Spain on July 22-24, 2015. Topics discussed include the human computer interaction, image processing, and interface culture. Also mentioned are issues on technology design, emotional technology, and studies on emotional user.