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The aim of the International Society for Technology, Education, and Science (iHSES) conference is to offer opportunities to share ideas, discuss theoretical and practical issues, and connect with the leaders in the fields of "humanities," "education" and "social sciences." It is organized for: (1) faculty members in all disciplines of humanities, education and social sciences; (2) graduate students; (3) K-12 administrators; (4) teachers; (5) principals; and (6) all interested in education and social sciences. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]

The 23rd EUROCALL conference was held in Cyprus from the 24th to the 27th of August 2016. The theme of the conference this year was "CALL Communities and Culture." It offered a unique opportunity to hear from real-world CALL practitioners on how they practice CALL in their communities, and how the CALL culture has developed in local and global contexts. Short papers from the conference are presented in this volume: (1) The impact of EFL teachers' mediation in wiki-mediated collaborative writing activities on student-student collaboration (Maha Alghasab); (2) Towards the development of a comprehensive pedagogical framework for pronunciation training based on adaptive automatic speech recognition systems (Saandia Ali); (3) Digital literacy and sustainability--a field study in EFL teacher development (Christopher Allen and Jan Berggren); (4) Self-evaluation using iPads in EFL teaching practice (Christopher Allen, Stella K. Hadjistassou, and David Richardson); (5) Amateur online interculturalism in foreign language education (Antonie Alm); (6) Teaching Turkish in low tech contexts: opportunities and challenges (Katerina Antoniou, Evelyn Mbah, and Antigoni Parmaxi); (7) Learning Icelandic language and culture in virtual Reykjavic: starting to talk (Branislav Bédi, Birna Arnbjörnsdóttir, Hannes Högni Vilhjálmsson, Hafdís Erla Helgadóttir, Stefán Ólafsson, and Elías Björgvinsson); (8) Investigating student choices in performing higher-level comprehension tasks using TED (Francesca Bianchi and Ivana Marenzi); (9) An evaluation of text-to-speech synthesizers in the foreign language classroom: learners' perceptions (Tiago Bione, Jennica Grimshaw, and Walcir Cardoso); (10) Quantifying CALL: significance, effect size and variation (Alex Boulton; (11) The contribution of CALL to advanced-level foreign/second language instruction (Jack Burston and Kelly Arispe); (12) Using instructional technology to integrate CEFR "can do" performance objectives into an advanced-level language course (Jack Burston, Androulla Athanasiou, and Maro Neophytou-Yiokari); (13) Exploiting behaviorist and communicative action-based methodologies in CALL applications for the teaching of pronunciation in French as a foreign language (Jack Burston, Olga Georgiadou, and Monique Monville-Burston); (14) Mobile assisted language learning of less commonly taught languages: learning in an incidental and situated way through an app (Cristiana Cervini, Olga Solovova, Annukka Jakkula, and Karolina Ruta); (15) Using object-based activities and an online inquiry platform to support learners' engagement with their heritage language and culture (Koula Charitonos, Marina Charalampidi, and Eileen Scanlon); (16) Urban explorations for language learning: a gamified approach to teaching Italian in a university context (Koula Charitonos, Luca Morini, Sylvester Arnab, Tiziana Cervi-Wilson, and Billy Brick); (17) Communicate to learn, learn to communicate: a study of engineering students' communication strategies in a mobile-based learning environment (Li Cheng and Zhihong Lu); (18) Using a dialogue system based on dialogue maps for computer assisted second language learning (Sung-Kwon Choi, Oh-Woog Kwon, Young-Kil Kim, and Yunkeun Lee); (19) Students' attitudes and motivation towards technology in a Turkish language classroom (Pelekani Chryso); (20) Vlogging: a new channel for language learning and intercultural exchanges (Christelle Combe and Tatiana Codreanu); (21) Japanese university students' self-assessment and digital literacy test results (Travis Cote and Brett Milliner); (22) Digital story (re)telling using graded readers and smartphones (Kazumichi Enokida); (23) HR4EU--a web portal for e-learning of Croatian (Matea Filko, Daša Farkaš, and Diana Hriberski); (24) Synchronous tandem language learning in a MOOC context: a study on task design and learner performance (Marta Fondo Garcia and Christine Appel); (25) What students think and what they actually do in a mobile assisted language learning context: new insights for self-directed language learning in higher education (Gustavo Garcia Botero and Frederik Questier); (26) An Audio-Lexicon Spanish-Nahuatl: using technology to promote and disseminate a native Mexican language (Rafael García-Mencía, Aurelio López-López, and Angélica Muñoz Meléndez; (27) The use of interactive whiteboards: enhancing the nature of teaching young language learners (Christina Nicole Giannikas); (28) A pre-mobility eTandem project for incoming international students at the University of Padua (Lisa Griggio and Edit Rózsavölgyi); (29) Can a "shouting" digital game help learners develop oral fluency in a second language? (Jennica Grimshaw, Walcir Cardoso, and David Waddington); (30) Feedback visualization in a grammar-based e-learning system for German: a preliminary user evaluation with the COMPASS system (Karin Harbusch and Annette Hausdörfer); (31) The multimodality of lexical explanation sequences during videoconferenced pedagogical interaction (Benjamin Holt); (32) Automatic dialogue scoring for a second language learning system (Jin-Xia Huang, Kyung-Soon Lee, Oh-Woog Kwon, and Young-Kil Kim); (33) Effects of task-based videoconferencing on speaking performance and overall proficiency (Atsushi Iino, Yukiko Yabuta, and Yoichi Nakamura); (34) Tellecollaborative games for youngsters: impact on motivation (Kristi Jauregi); (35) The Exercise: an Exercise generator tool for the SOURCe project (Kryni Kakoyianni-Doa, Eleni Tziafa, and Athanasios Naskos); (36) Students' perceptions of online apprenticeship projects at a university (Hisayo Kikuchi); (37) The effects of multimodality through storytelling using various movie clips (SoHee Kim); (38) Collaboration through blogging: the development of writing and speaking skills in ESP courses (Angela Kleanthous and Walcir Cardoso); (39) Cultivating a community of learners in a distance learning postgraduate course for language professionals (Angelos Konstantinidis and Cecilia Goria); (40) Task-oriented spoken dialog system for second-language learning (Oh-Woog Kwon, Young-Kil Kim, and Yunkeun Lee); (41) Promoting multilingual communicative competence through multimodal academic learning situations (Anna Kyppö and Teija Natri); (42) Teacher professional learning: developing with the aid of technology (Marianna Kyprianou and Eleni Nikiforou); (43) Quizlet: what the students think--a qualitative data analysis (Bruce Lander); (44) "Just facebook me": a study on the integration of Facebook into a German language curriculum (Vera Leier and Una Cunningham); (45) A survey on Chinese students' online English language learning experience through synchronous web conferencing classrooms (Chenxi Li); (46) Identifying and activating receptive vocabulary by an online vocabulary survey and an online writing task (Ivy Chuhui Lin and Goh Kawai); (47) Exploring learners' perceptions of the use of digital letter games for language learning: the case of Magic Word (Mathieu Loiseau, Cristiana Cervini, Andrea Ceccherelli, Monica Masperi, Paola Salomoni, Marco Roccetti, Antonella Valva, and Francesca Bianco); (48) Game of Words: prototype of a digital game focusing on oral production (and comprehension) through asynchronous interaction (Mathieu Loiseau, Racha Hallal, Pauline Ballot, and Ada Gazidedja); (49) PETALL in action: latest developments and future directions of the EU-funded Pan-European Task Activities for Language Learning (António Lopes); (50) Exploring EFL learners' lexical application in AWE-based writing (Zhihong Lu and Zhenxiao Li); (51) Mobile-assisted language learning and language learner autonomy (Paul A. Lyddon); (52) YELL/TELL: online community platform for teacher professional development (Ivana Marenzi, Maria Bortoluzzi, and Rishita Kalyani); (53) Leveraging automatic speech recognition errors to detect challenging speech segments in TED talks (Maryam Sadat Mirzaei, Kourosh Meshgi, and Tatsuya Kawahara); (54) Investigating the affective learning in a 3D virtual learning environment: the case study of the Chatterdale mystery (Judith Molka-Danielsen, Stella Hadjistassou, and Gerhilde Messl-Egghart); (55) Are commercial "personal robots" ready for language learning? Focus on second language speech (Souheila Moussalli and Walcir Cardoso); (56) The Digichaint interactive game as a virtual learning environment for Irish (Neasa Ni Chiaráin and Ailbhe Ní Chasaide); (57) Mingling students' cognitive abilities and learning strategies to transform CALL (Efi Nisiforou and Antigoni Parmaxi); (58) Taking English outside of the classroom through social networking: reflections on a two-year project (Louise Ohashi); (59) Does the usage of an online EFL workbook conform to Benford's law? (Mikolaj Olszewski, Kacper Lodzikowski, Jan Zwolinski, Rasil Warnakulasooriya, and Adam Black); (60) Implications on pedagogy as a result of adopted CALL practices (James W. Pagel and Stephen G. Lambacher); (61) Exploring the benefits and disadvantages of introducing synchronous to asynchronous online technologies to facilitate flexibility in learning (Salomi Papadima-Sophocleous and Fernando Loizides); (62) A CALL for evolving teacher education through 3D microteaching (Giouli Pappa and Salomi Papadima-Sophocleous); (63) Physicality and language learning (Jaeuk Park, Paul Seedhouse, Rob Comber, and Jieun Kiaer); (64) Designing strategies for an efficient language MOOC (Maria Perifanou); (65) Worldwide state of language MOOCs (Maria Perifanou); (66) A Spanish-Finnish telecollaboration: extending intercultural competence via videoconferencing (Pasi Puranen and Ruby Vurdien); (67) Developing oral interaction skills with a digital information gap activity game (Avery Rueb, Walcir Cardoso, and Jennica Grimshaw); (68) Using WebQuests as idea banks for fostering autonomy in online language courses (Shirin Sadaghian and S. Susan Marandi); (69) Integrating mobile technologies into very young second language learners' curriculum (Gulnara Sadykova, Gulnara Gimaletdinova, Liliia Khalitova, and Albina Kayumova); (70) Investigating commercially available technology for language learners in higher education within the high functioning disability spectrum (Georgia Savvidou and Fernando Loizides); (71) Learning languages in 3D worlds with Machinima (Christel Schneider); (72) What are more effective in English classrooms: textbooks or podcasts? (Jaime Selwood, Joe Lauer, and Kazumichi Enokida); (73) Mind the gap: task design and technology in novice language teachers' practice (Tom F. H. Smits, Margret Oberhofer, and Jozef Colpaert); (74) Language immersion in the self-study mode e-course (Olga Sobolev); (75) Aligning out-of-class material with curriculum: tagging grammar in a mobile music application (Ross Sundberg and Walcir Cardoso); (76) Meeting the technology standards for language teachers (Cornelia Tschichold); (77) Mobile-assisted language learning community and culture in French-speaking Belgium: the teachers' perspective (Julie Van de Vyver); (78) Classification of Swedish learner essays by CEFR levels (Elena Volodina, Ildikó Pilán, and David Alfter); (79) Mobile assisted language learning and mnemonic mapping--the loci method revisited (Ikumi Waragai, Marco Raindl, Tatsuya Ohta, and Kosuke Miyasaka); (80) CALL and less commonly taught languages--still a way to go (Monica Ward); (81) Demystifying pronunciation with animation (Monica Ward); (82) The effects of utilizing corpus resources to correct collocation errors in L2 writing--Students' performance, corpus use and perceptions (Yi-ju Wu); (83) A social constructionist approach to teaching and learning vocabulary for Italian for academic purposes (Eftychia Xerou, Salomi Papadima-Sophocleous, and Antigoni Parmaxi); (84) Flip-J: development of the system for flipped jigsaw supported language learning (Masanori Yamada, Yoshiko Goda, Kojiro Hata, Hideya Matsukawa, and Seisuke Yasunami); and (85) "Check your Smile", prototype of a collaborative LSP website for technical vocabulary (Nadia Yassine-Diab, Charlotte Alazard-Guiu, Mathieu Loiseau, Laurent Sorin, and Charlotte Orliac). An author index is included. (Individual papers contain references.)

In this paper we analyze and discuss students' performance in a CAS environment related to the simplification of rational expressions. Results indicate that if students have more initial paper-and-pencil techniques, the CAS environment spurs them to deeper theoretical reflections than for students who have fewer techniques. [For the complete proceedings, see ED584829.]

The 2008 Central States Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, a joint conference with the Michigan World Language Association, focused on learning about the diverse backgrounds and needs of today's students and discovering new ways to help them succeed in reaching the goal of language proficiency. A wide variety of workshops and sessions offered practical advice on how to deal with reluctant learners on a variety of levels. Immersion-type workshops and sessions were offered to help participants brush up on their language skills, and participants were brought up-to-date on topics such as foreign language advocacy, advanced placement, technology, assessment, culture, brain-based learning, and much more. In addition to "Best of" presentations from 15 states, the program included several encore presentations from last year's "All-Star" presenters. This volume offers the reader a wealth of research based approaches and strategies to language teaching and learning designed to assist the language educator in creating a learning environment that will motivate and engage all students in the language classroom. These articles focus on best practices representing theory-based instruction designed to optimize language communication skills and cultural knowledge for all learners.

The following 19 papers were delivered at the 1992 annual meeting of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions for the Division of Education and Research: (1) "Across the Frontiers: Impact of Foreign Journals in Library Science in India: A Citation Analysis" (M. A. Gopinath); (2) "Children and Reading in Israel" (I. Sever); (3) "Investigations into Reader Interest and Reading in Lithuania, 1918-1990" (V. Rimsa); (4) "Ethnic and Social Problems of Reading in Kazakhstan" (R. Berdigalieva); (5) "The USA Experience: Views and Opinions of an Asian American Librarian" (S. H. Nicolescu); (6) "The Implications for Libraries of Research on the Reading of Children" (M. L. Miller); (7) "Women's Status in Librarianship, the UK Experience" (S. Parker); (8) "Women's Interests in Librarianship, Resources on Women: Their Organization and Use" (H. Parekh); (9) "Information for Research on Women and Development" (A. Vyas); (10) "The Contribution of S. R. Ranganathan's Scientific School to the Informatization of Education for Library Science in the World" (J. N. Stolyarov and E. A. Nabatnikova); (11) "Library and Information Science Education Policy in India" (N. L. Rao and C. R. Karisiddappa); (12) "The Market in the Gap: Continuing Professional Education in the South Pacific" (J. Evans); (13) "Continuing Education Programmes for Teachers in Library and Information Science and Academic Library Professionals in South India" (A. A. N. Raju); (14) "Continuing Professional Education in China: A Decade Retrospective" (D. Xiaoying); (15) "Grounded Theory and Qualitative Methodology" (D. E. Weingand); (16) "Research in the Outskirts of Science: The Case of Mexico" (J. Lau); (17) "Society's Library: Leading to the Realization of the Five Laws--In Memory of Dr. S. R. Ranganathan" (L. Minghua); (18) "The Role of Library and Information Science Reviews in the Development of the Profession and Services" (M. Poulain); and (19) "Journal Publications in Africa: The Trouble with Authors and Readers" (L. O. Aina). Several papers are followed by references. (SLD)

This paper provides an assessment of the Inter-American Science and Humanities Program, a program of the University of Texas, El Paso, which allowed students from northern Mexico to take their freshman level courses in Spanish while receiving instruction designed to rapidly enhance English language skills. The paper assesses the effectiveness of this effort in successfully preparing 886 participants who entered the program between fall 1984 and spring 1991 to move into the regular university curriculum, complete their academic programs, and earn a baccalaureate degree. Outcomes examined included participants' retention and graduation rates, credit hours earned over time, grade point averages at each level, and grades in selected English and bilingual courses. These outcomes were measured against those for a comparison group of international students. As a result of the data analysis and interview, several program weaknesses surfaced. These included the finding that the program was no longer addressing the needs of more recent students compared to when the program was first implemented in 1968, and results which pointed to four main problems: low level of English language proficiency; bilingual courses at cross purposes; lack of a program structure and organization; and inadequate acculturation to the American university. In addition, it was found that overcrowding in the course strained the university's budget and shortchanged students. Recommendations for improvement are suggested. (GLR)

This paper examines the changes that are emerging in Mexican higher education, focusing especially on the shifting nature of government-university relationships and some of the consequences for management and governance at the establishment level. It provides a brief outline of trends in the recent past, discusses the changes that have developed in government policy toward higher education in the 1990s, and explores how the universities are responding. The most important policies are listed and discussed in reference to the following basic issues pertaining to regulatory relationships: (1) diversification/homogenization of higher education institutions; (2) academic roles and values- teaching and research; (3) institutional autonomy; (4) selection and assessment of students; (5) institutional governance; (6) funding; and (7) evaluation. The report also lists the changes in the dominant relationships and values among basic actors in higher education from the 1970s into the 1990s, including how different types of institutional leadership structures and strengths respond to government policy. (Contains 21 references.) (GLR)

The following 21 papers were delivered for the Special Libraries Division of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions at its 1992 annual meeting: (1) "From Indochina to Afghanistan: Arts from Abroad in Parisian Libraries" (M. F. Macouin); (2) "The Indonesian Archeology Photograph and Documentation System (IAPDS) in Leiden" (H. I. R. Hinzler); (3) "The Collection Development and Organisation of Art Materials: The Cultural Center of the Philippines in Context" (E. R. Peralejo); (4) "Resources for the Conservation of Southeast Asian Art" (S. G. Swartzburg); (5) "The Moravian Mission and Its Research on the Language and Culture of Western Tibet: A Case Study for Collection Development" (H. Walravens); (6) "The National Art Library and the Indian Collections of the Victoria and Albert Museum, London" (J. F. van der Wateren); (7) "Collection Development and Acquisition of Art Materials with Special Reference to South and South-East Asia: A Case Study of the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts" (A. P. Gakhar); (8) "Map Collection of the National Library and Its Users' Pattern" (D. K. Mittra and A. K. Ghatak); (9) "Russian Maps of Asia" (N. Ye. Kotelnikova); (10) "A Survey of Maps and Atlases Published in India" (A. K. Ghatak); (11) "Government Libraries in India: An Overview" (M. K. Jain); (12) "Technology as an Agent for Communication" (E. J. Valauskas); (13) "Changing Duties: Relations between Library and Information Work" (A. G. A. Staats); (14) "Access to Scientific and Technical Information: The Greenlight or Not?" (D. Stoica); (15) "Initiatives To Facilitate Access to S&T (Science and Technology) Information in India" (A. Lahiri); (16) "Improving Access to Scientific Literature in Developing Countries--A UNESCO Programme Review" (A. Abid); (17) "Science, Technology and Libraries in French-Speaking Africa" (H. Sene); (18) "Productivity, Impact and Quality of Scientific Work at the UNAM (National Autonomous University of Mexico): Actions for their Acknowledgement" (P. Dector); (19) "The Post-Perestroyika Sci-Tech Libraries: Will They Survive?" (A. Zemskov); (20) "Access to Information and Science Development in the Developing World" (S. Arunachalam); and (21) "Manuscript Collections in Indian Libraries with Special Emphasis on National Library" (S. Akhtar). (SLD)

Organized to focus world-wide public attention on the massive gender inequalities in many areas of the world, a seminar entitled "Women and Literacy Development--Constraints and Prospects" was held in Sweden during August 1991. This book presents conference papers by female literacy experts from 12 developing nations (three in Latin America, five in Africa, three in Asia, and one in the South Pacific Region) on the literacy situation for girls and women in their respective countries. Papers in the book are: (1) "Women and Literacy Development in the Third World: A Rapsodic Overview" (Eve Malmquist); (2) "Women and Literacy Development in India" (Anita Dighe); (3) "Women and Literacy Development in Pakistan" (Neelam Hussain); (4) "Flowers in Bloom: An Account of Women and Literacy Development in Thailand" (Kasama Varavarn); (5) "Women and Literacy Development in the South Pacific Region" (Barbara Moore); (6) "Illiterate Rural Women In Egypt: Their Educational Needs and Problems: A Case Study" (Nadia Gamal El-Din); (7) "Women and Literacy Development in Botswana: Some Implementation Strategies" (Kgomotso D. Motlotle); (8) "Women and Literacy Development in East Africa with Particular Reference to Tanzania" (Mary Rusimbi); (9) "Women and Literacy Development in Mozambique" (Teresa Veloso); (10) "Women and Literacy Development: A Zimbabwean Perspective" (Maseabata E. Tsosane and John A. Marks); (11) "Women and Literacy Development in Mexico" (Geraldine Novelo Oppenheim); (12) "A Post-Literacy Project with the Women of the Indian Community of San Lorenzo, Colombia" (Mirvan Zuniga); (13) "Gender Subordination and Literacy in Brazil" (Fulvia Rosemberg); (14) "Women and Literacy: Summary of Discussions at the International Linkoping Seminar" (Ulla-Britt Persson and Neelam Hussain); and (15) "Concluding Remarks, Suggestions and Recommendations" (Eve Malmquist). (RS)

Selected papers are as follows: "Member Perceptions of the Association for International Agricultural & Extension Education" (Eaton et al.); "Historical Review of U.S. Involvement in International Agricultural Education between World War II and Enactment of Title XII" (Thuemmel, Meaders); "Educational Needs of International Graduate Students as Perceived by Graduate Faculty" (Miller, Ng); "Rethinking the Landscape" (Beilin); "Personal Networks and Agricultural Extension" (Armonia); "Extension Staff Development Program" (Trail, Malindi); "Learning Styles of Extension Personnel and the Implications for Designing Inservice Computer Training Programs" (Park, Gamon); "Agricultural Education and Global Sustainability" (Vahoviak, Etling); "Importance of Extension Education in the Post Harvest Activities of Soybean in Nigeria" (Osho); "Perceptions Regarding Agricultural Extension Education in Swaziland" (Dube, Martin); "Philosophy, Mission, and Focus of Agricultural Extension in Africa, Asia, and Latin America" (Mohamed et al.); "Educational Needs for Enhancing Non-Farm Activities and Entrepreneurship" (Singh, Comer); "Assessment of the Use of Contact Farmers in Training and Visit Extension System in Nigeria" (Omotayo, Arokoyo); "Village Extension Workers (VEWs), Agricultural Extension Officers, and Contact Farmers Perceptions of VEW Visits under the Training and Visit (T&V) System" (Radhakrishna, Yoder); "Expert Identification of Inservice Training Needs of Field Agents Working in T&V Systems of Extension" (Alawy, Safrit); "Creating a Stronger Model for International Youth Exchange" (Etling); "Perceptions Held by Secondary School Agricultural Educators in Iowa Regarding Adding a Global Perspective to the Agriculture Curriculum" (Perez-Morales, Miller); "Development of Vocational Agriculture in Swaziland" (Mndebele, Crunkilton); "Extension Serving Women Farmers" (Morrone); "Nonformal Education for Empowerment" (Nti, Etling); "Factors Influencing Rural Women Cassava Processors' Intended Participation in an Agricultural Extension Education Program" (Ojomo, McCaslin); "Cooperative Efforts for Agricultural Extension and Rural Development" (Brewer, Meaders); "Need for U.S. and International Collaborative Rural Leadership Education for the 21st Century" (Dhanakumar et al.); "University's Role in Agricultural Development" (Cristovao, Koehnen); "Educational Needs of International Graduate Students of Extension Education" (Mohamed et al.); "Review and Synthesis of Extension Problems in Africa and Asia" (Ukaga et al.); "Development of Rural Youths through Farmers' Training and Education" (Auta, Akpoko); and "Mobilizing Rural Youths for a Career in Farming" (Arokoyo, Omotayo). (YLB)

Responding to enormous enrollment increases, Mexican universities were forced to hire faculty without a Licenciatura degree (corresponds to a United States bachelors degree) and so initiated faculty development activities (FDA) to enhance the performance of underqualified and new teachers. This study assessed the impact of one of these FDAs at the Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, a public university established in 1973. A theoretical model was constructed, and a sample of 302 faculty members was selected. Quantitative information was collected and field work, i.e., observing and interviewing selected cases, was carried out. Multiple regression analysis of data, supplemented by qualitative analysis, offered a basis for the conclusions, and controlled the influence of the other variables included in the model. Results suggested that FDAs were useful for teachers; that though student ratings favored teachers who did not participate in FDAs, this may be explained by the association of inferior ratings with inexperience or insecurity; and that younger, female, part-time teachers did benefit from FDAs though it is not clear whether that improvement is due to FDAs or the effect of maturation and increased security. In addition, the study found that FDAs should be tailored to teachers with different needs. Sixteen references are offered. (JB)

This symposium addressed key findings of the Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development-sponsored book "Promoting the Health of Adolescents: New Directions for the Twenty-First Century." A panel of experts focused on science policy implications of critical issues in adolescent health promotion that have proven difficult to address such as the effects of poverty, adolescent sexuality, and violence. Included on the panel were experts from Canada and Mexico who provided an international perspective on adolescent health promotion. Following an introduction by Elena O. Nightingale, special advisor to the President, Carnegie Corporation of New York, the following chapters are presented: (1) "Historical Perspective on Adolescent Health Promotion"; (2) "Health-Enhancing and Health Compromising Behaviors during Adolescence" (Delbert S. Elliott); (3) "Poverty, Health, and Adolescent Health Promotion" (William Julius Wilson); (4) "Promoting Healthy Adolescent Sexuality" (Herant Katchadourian); (5) "Promoting Safety and Nonviolent Conflict Resolution in Adolescence" (Mark L. Rosenberg); and (6) "Cross-National Perspectives; Views of Adolescent Health Promotion from Canada and Mexico" (Ivan B. Pless--Canadian Perspective, Anameli Monroy--Mexican Perspective). In his concluding remarks, David A. Hamburg, President, Carnegie Corporation of New York, states that most risky behavior is still tentative and exploratory. There is, therefore, an opportunity for preventive interventions, provided that individual development, the social context of development, and the biological variability that makes different individuals more or less vulnerable to different kinds of environmental insults are understood. Research can offer important insights for the construction of more rational preventive interventions. (LL)

The purpose of this paper is to present an exploration on the response of parents of two rural multigrade schools facing the homeschooling activities in the context of pandemics. To frame a comparative perspective some conceptual work was done about new rurality and family structure before interviewing parents of both schools about distribution of tasks among family members, distribution of time and technological support. The study concluded that the traditional structure of rural families made easy to carry on with the tasks of home, labor and education. [For the complete Volume 21 proceedings, see ED629259.]

Case studies and seminar reports are provided that were presented at an international seminar to examine field experiences in using a culture-based approach to nonformal education. Part I, containing an introductory paper and nine case studies, focuses on indigenous institutions and processes in health, family planning, agriculture, basic education, and conscientization. The introductory paper discusses indigenous sociocultural forms as a basis for nonformal education and development. Seven countries are represented in the case studies: Indonesia, Bolivia, Java (Indonesia), Upper Volta, Botswana, India, and Bali (Indonesia). Section II focuses on the performing arts in both mass campaigns and community nonformal education programs. An introductory paper overviews folk media, popular theater, and conflicting strategies for social change in the third world. The seven case studies consider the specific strategies used in Brazil, Sierra Leone, China, India, Mexico, Jamaica, and Africa. Section III contains the seminar reports developed from discussions of the four regional working groups: Latin America, Africa and the Caribbean, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. A summary of plenary discussions is also provided. (YLB)

The question of teaching a standard dialect to Chicano students who are studying abroad has implications for teaching any standard versus nonstandard dialect. The University of Colorado has a program at the Universidad Veracruzana in Jalapa, Mexico, in which the policy is to teach standard Mexican Spanish (the cultivated norm of Mexico City) as an additional dialect to those students who already speak Chicano Spanish. One technique is to provide written exercises which develop the reading and writing skills of those students fluent in Colorado Spanish. Broadly speaking, the main differences between this dialect and standard Mexican Spanish lie in different pronunciations of the same lexical items and in the use of different lexical items for the same concept. Although the syntactic patterns of the two dialects are similar, there are certain recurring syntactic patterns in Colorado Spanish which can be termed nonstandard forms, calques or anomalous forms. Various types of exercises dealing with these dialect differences are used in the composition class: dictations, "proof reading" exercises, two-page compositions, and translation exercises. Four passages from student compositions are examined in this paper for instances of nonstandard usage. (Author/CFM)

As a starting point, this paper raises various questions to explain the teaching conditions that exist in rural communities and the learning conditions faced by children assigned to the rural community education mode. Equity and competitiveness are the conceptual axis used in the descriptive construction a documentary analysis and my personal experience in Rural Communitarian Educational programs are the methodological strategies used to present this work. [For complete volume, see ED567118.]

Papers in these volumes were presented at a Mexican conference on linguistics. Most papers are in Spanish; the English translations of the titles include the following: "Directions in Contemporary Semantics" (L. Lara); "Regular Accentuation in Spanish" (C. Braithwaite); "Syntactic Order in Sonoran" (D. Brown); "Speech Datives or Interest/Not of Interest" (R. Maldonado); "Adverbial Noun Phrases and Adverbs Proper" (I. Zatarian); "Modal Constructions" (E. Trevino); "Conjugation of Conjunctions in Northern Tepehuan" (B. Bascom); "Some Idiosyncratic Orthographic Conventions of Southern Durango" (L. Volpe); "Tepehuan Yutoaztec Origins or Nuhuatl Object Prefixes" (K. Dakin); "Dialects of Guarijio" (R. Escalante); "Theorectical Problems in the Dialectology Study of Syntactic Aspects of Pima Bajo" (Z. Fernandez); "Types of Predicates with Copula in Southern Durango Tepehuan" (V. Flores, L. Volpe); "Syntactic Nature of Argument Structure" (K. Hale); "Fast and Slow in Tohonno O'odham" (J. Hill); Nominalized Clauses in Ute" (T. Givon); "Classification of the Southern Yutoaztec Languages" (W. Miller); "Non-referrential Expressions in O'Odham" (D. Payne); "Personal Number Morphemes in Southeastern Tepehuan" (T. Willett); "Possession in Yucateco Mayan" (F. Chel); "Change of Voice in Chuj" (C. Buenrosto); "External and Internal Linguistic Change in the Morphological Structure of Southwestern Vizcaino" (A. Urkiza); "Numbers in Seri" (M. Moser, S. Marlett); "Guillemin's Mexican Apache Vocabulary" (W. de Reuse); "Grammaticalization of Verbs of Movement in Akateko" (R. Zavala);"Reading and Textual Typology" (A. Rojas, M. Camargo); "Nahuatl Language or Mexican Language? A 19th Century Dissent" (B. Cifuentes, V. Peralta); "Intensive and Frequentive in Classical Nahuatl Expropriation Discourse" (R. Ortiz); "The Discourse of Expropriation" (M. Montes de Oca); "Routines that Count" (C. Nieto); "Voice of the Voiceless" (T. Dounce); "Testimony in Oral History and the Disturbing Work of Editing: An Anthropological Pespective" (T. Dounce); "Reality and Ethnoscience" (S. Cuevas); "Ethnosemantics of Kiliwa Kinship" (M. Mixco); "Reading Process in Primary Schoolchildren in Hermosillo" (A. Vidal, R. Anguiano); "Rule Transferral" (R. Mejia); "Linguistic Complexities (Endophoric References) in Textbooks" (A. Ugalde); "First Sound Correspondence in Writing" (S. Vernon); and"The Nature of Language and Problems in the Rehabilitation of Deaf Children" (B. Radelli). (KM)

These proceedings contain the papers of the International Conference e-Learning 2013, which was organised by the International Association for Development of the Information Society and is part of the Multi Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (Prague, Czech Republic, July 23-26, 2013). The e-Learning 2013 conference aims to address the main issues of concern within e-Learning. This conference covers both technical as well as the non-technical aspects of e-Learning. The conference accepts submissions in the following seven main areas: Organisational Strategy and Management Issues; Technological Issues; e-Learning Curriculum Development Issues; Instructional Design Issues; e-Learning Delivery Issues; e-Learning Research Methods and Approaches; e-Skills and Information Literacy for Learning. Keynote papers in these proceedings include: (1) Thoughts on the Quality of Learning in MOOCs (Thomas C. Reeves); and (2) Social Networks as the support of the e-Learning (Jan Lojda). Full papers in these proceedings include: (1) Evaluation of Visual Computer Simulator for Computer Architecture Education (Yoshiro Imai, Masatoshi Imai and Yoshio Moritoh); (2) Understanding Children's Museum Learning from Multimedia Instruction (Asmidah Alwi and Elspeth McKay ); (3) How Does the "Digital Generation" Get Help on Their Mathematics Homework? (Carla van de Sande, May Boggess and Catherine Hart-Weber); (4) Productization and Commercialization of IT-Enabled Higher Education in Computer Science: A Systematic Literature Review (Irja Kankaanpää and Hannakaisa Isomäki); (5) Motivating an Action Design Research Approach to Implementing Online Training in an Organizational Context (Christine Rogerson and Elsje Scott ); (6) Social e-Learning in Topolor: A Case Study (Lei Shi, Dana Al Qudah and Alexandra I. Cristea); (7) Training Educators: Plan for Replicating the Experience (Ulanbek Mambetakunov and Marina Ribaudo); (8) Choosing Learning Methods Suitable for Teaching and Learning in Computer Science (Estelle Taylor, Marnus Breed, Ilette Hauman and Armando Homann); (9) Teaching AI Search Algorithms in a Web-Based Educational System (Foteini Grivokostopoulou and Ioannis Hatzilygeroudis ); (10) Digital Histories for the Digital Age: Collaborative Writing in Large Lecture Courses (Leen-Kiat Soh, Nobel Khandaker and William G. Thomas); (11) Promoting Scientific Literacy through the Online Argumentation System (Chun-Yen Tsai); (12) Using a Techno-Skepticism Framework to Evaluate the Perception and Acceptance of a New Online Reading List (Ajmal Sultany and Samantha Halford); (13) SMS-Based Learning in Tertiary Education: Achievement and Attitudinal Outcomes (Yaacov J Katz); (14) e-Portfolios @ Teacher Training: An Evaluation of Technological and Motivational Factors (Alfred Klampfer and Thomas Köhler ); (15) Effects of Facebook Tutoring on Learning English as a Second Language (Chang-hwa Wang and Cheng-ping Chen); (16) An Italian Experience of Social Learning at High School (Michelle Pieri, Davide Diamantini and Germano Paini); (17) Distance Education: Educational Trajectory Control (Andrey Isaev, Alla Kravets, Ludmila Isaeva and Sergey Fomenkov); (18) Leadership for Sustaining Pedagogical Innovations in ICT Implementation: A Case Study of Taiwanese Vocational High School (Yih-Shyuan Chen, Yu-Horng Chen, Shun-Jyh Wu and Fang-Kai Tang); (19) Towards to a Versatile Tele-Education Platform for Computer Science Educators Based on the Greek School Network (Michael Paraskevas, Thomas Zarouchas, Panagiotis Angelopoulos and Isidoros Perikos); (20) Adaptive Feedback Improving Learningful Conversations at Workplace (Matteo Gaeta, Giuseppina Rita Mangione, Sergio Miranda and Francesco Orciuoli); (21) Teachers Little Helper: Multi-Math-Coach (Martin Ebner, Martin Schön, Behnam Taraghi and Michael Steyrer); (22) Youflow Microblog: Encouraging Discussions for Learning (Rafael Krejci and Sean W. M. Siqueira); (23) Interaction Problems Accessing e-Learning Environments in Multi-Touch Mobile Devices: A Case Study in Teleduc (André Constantino da Silva, Fernanda Maria Pereira Freire, Alan Victor Pereira de Arruda and Heloísa Vieira da Rocha); (24) Integrating a Learning Management System with a Student Assignments Digital Repository. A Case Study (Javier Díaz, Alejandra Schiavoni, María Alejandra Osorio, Ana Paola Amadeo and María Emilia Charnelli); (25) On the Recommender System for University Library (Shunkai Fu, Yao Zhang and Seinminn); (26) Developing and Implementing a New Online Bachelor Program: Formal Adoption of Videoconferencing and Social Networking as a Step towards M-Learning (Roland van Oostveen and François Desjardins); (27) Developing a User Oriented Design Methodology for Learning Activities Using Boundary Objects (?lga Fragou and Achilles Kameas); (28) User Acceptance of a Haptic Interface for Learning Anatomy (Soonja Yeom, Derek Choi-Lundberg, Andrew Fluck and Arthur Sale); (29) e-Learning Software for Improving Students Music Performance Using Comparisons (M. Delgado, W. Fajardo and M. Molina-Solana); (30) A Digital Game for International Students Adjustments (Maryam Bisadi, Alton Y.K Chua and Lee Chu Keong); (31) Developing an ICT-Literacy Task-Based Assessment Instrument: The Findings on the Final Testing Phase (Jessnor Elmy Mat-jizat); (32) Peer Tutoring in the CIS Sandbox: Does it Work? (Mark Frydenberg); (33) e-Competent Teacher and Principal as the Foundation of e-Competent School e-Education, the Largest School Informatization Project in Slovenia 2008-2013 (Magdalena Šverc, Andrej Flogie, Maja Vicic Krabonja and Kristjan Percic); (34) Collaborative Tools in Upper Secondary School--Why? (Helle Mathiasen, Hans-Peter Degn, Christian Dalsgaard, Christian W Bech and Claus Gregersen); (35) Adaptation of Educational Text to an Open Interactive Learning System: A Case Study for RETUDIS (M. Samarakou, E.D. Fylladitakis, G. Tsaganou, J. Gelegenis, D. Karolidis, P. Prentakis and A. Papadakis); and (36) Using Podcasts in Distance Education (Herman Koppelman). Short papers in these proceedings include: (1) Big Data & Learning Analytics: A Potential Way to Optimize eLearning Technological Tools (Olga Arranz García and Vidal Alonso Secades); (2) Critical Factors in Mobile eLearning: A Quasi-Systematic Review (Sergio Assis Rodrigues, Rodrigo Pereira dos Santos, Lucas Arnaud and Jano Moreira de Souza); (3) Analysis of Instruction Models in Smart Education (JaeHyeong Park, JeongWon Choi and YoungJun Lee); (4) The History Harvest: An Experiment in Democratizing the Past through Experiential Learning (William G. Thomas and Patrick D. Jones); (5) Challenges of Mongolian e-Learning and An Improvement Method of Implementation (S.Baigaltugs, B. Munkhchimeg and J.Alimaa); (6) Towards a Trust Model in e-Learning: Antecedents of a Student's Trust (Woraluck Wongse-ek, Gary B Wills and Lester Gilbert); (7) Elemental Learning as a Framework for e-Learning (John V. Dempsey and Brenda C. Litchfield); (8) An Interactive Training Game Using 3D Sound for Visually Impaired People (Hsiao Ping Lee, Yen-Hsuan Huang and Tzu-Fang Sheu); (9) e-Learning Practice-Oriented Training in Physics: The Competence Information (Alla G. Kravets, Oxana V. Titova and Olga A. Shabalina); (10) Student Experiences on Interaction in an Online Learning Environment as Part of a Blended Learning Implementation: What is Essential? (Laura Salmi); (11) Usability Assessment of e-Cafe Operational Management Simulation Game (Chiung-sui Chang and Ya-Ping Huang); (12) System for Automatic Generation of Examination Papers in Discrete Mathematics (Mikael Fridenfalk); (13) Direction of Contents Development for Smart Education (YoungSun Park, SangJin An and YoungJun Lee); (14) Online Training in Australia (Joze Kuzic); (15) Using Facebook as a Virtual Classroom in a Public University in Mexico City (Miguel Angel Herrera Batista); (16) Exploring Competency Development with Mobile Devices (Maurice DiGiuseppe, Elita Partosoedarso, Roland Van Oostveen and Francois Desjardins); (17) A Study of the Metacognition Performance in Online Learning (Ya-Ping Huang and Chiung-Sui Chang); (18) Educational Company and e-Learning (František Manlig, Eva Šlaichová, Vera Pelantová, Michala Šimúnová, František Koblasa and Jan Vavruška ); (19) Structural Constructivism as an Epistemology for Professional e-Learning: Implications & Recommendations for the Design of ECPD Pedagogical Models (Gurmit Singh and Maggie McPherson); (20) e-Learning System for Experiments Involving Construction of Practical Electric Circuits (Atsushi Takemura); (21) Component-Based Approach in Learning Management System Development (Larisa Zaitseva, Jekaterina Bule and Sergey Makarov); (22) Learning Portfolio as a Service--A Restful Style (Shueh-Cheng Hu, I-Ching Chen and Yaw-Ling Lin); (23) Context Aware Recommendations in the Course Enrollment Process Based on Curriculum Guidelines (Vangel V. Ajanovski); and (24) A Model of e-Learning Uptake and Continued Use in Higher Education Institutions (Nakarin Pinpathomrat, Lester Gilbert and Gary B Wills). Reflections papers in these proceedings include: (1) The Development of Logical Structures for e-Learning Evaluation (Uranchimeg Tudevdagva, Wolfram Hardt and Jargalmaa Dolgor); (2) Ethics in e-Learning (Alena Bušíková and Zuzana Melicheríková); (3) A Comparative Study of e-Learning System for Smart Education (SangJin An, Eunkyoung Lee and YoungJun Lee); (4) Alternative Assessment Techniques for Blended and Online Courses (Brenda C. Litchfield and John V. Dempsey); (5) Assessing the Structure of a Concept Map (Thanasis Giouvanakis, Haido Samaras, Evangelos Kehris and Asterios Mpakavos); (6) Implementations for Assessing Web 2.0 on Education (Gabriel Valerio and Ricardo Valenzuela); (7) Storytelling: Discourse Analysis for Understanding Collective Perceptions of Medical Education (Yianna Vovides and Sarah Inman); (8) Perception and Practice of Taiwanese EFL Learners' Making Vocabulary Flashcards on Quizlet (Chin-Wen Chien); (9) A Study of Perceptions of Online Education among Professionals (Parviz Ghandforoush); and (10) The Design of the Test Format for Tablet Computers in Blended Learning Environments: A Study of the Test Approach-Avoidance Tendency of University Students (Takeshi Kitazawa). Posters in these proceedings include: (1) Blended Lessons of Teaching Method for Information Studies in Which Students Produce a Learning Guidance Plan (Isao Miyaji); (2) Factors Affecting Teenager Cyber Delinquency (Young Ju Joo, Kyu Yon Lim, Sun Yoo Cho, Bo Kyung Jung and Se Bin Choi); (3) Personalized Virtual Learning Environment from the Detection of Learning Styles (M. L. Martínez Cartas, N. Cruz Pérez, D. Deliche Quesada, and S. Mateo Quero); (4) Distance Online Course for Librarian in Mongolia, Reflection and Learned Lesson (Uranchimeg Tudevdagva and Garamkhand Surendeleg); (5) The Design and Development of a Computerized Attention-Training Game System for School-Aged Children (Tsui-Ying Wang and Ho-Chuan Huang); (6) Discovering Visual Scanning Patterns in a Computerized Cancellation Test (Ho-Chuan Huang and Tsui-Ying Wang); and (7) The Effects of Self-Determination on Learning Outcomes in a Blended Learning (Young Ju Joo, Kyu Yon Lim, Sang Yoon Han, Yoo Kyoung Ham and Aran Kang). Luís Rodrigues is an associate editor of the proceedings. Individual papers contain references. An author index is included.

The Research Institute for Higher Education (RIHE) in Hiroshima University started a program of research on the Changing Academic Profession (CAP) in 2005. This research is funded by the Ministry of Education and Science as a grant-in-aid for scientific research headed by Professor Akira Arimoto, Director of the Research Institute for Higher Education, Hijiyama University and Professor-Emeritus of Hiroshima University. Before the conference in 2009, they had already held three international conferences in this topic. The fourth conference was held in Hiroshima in January 2009. This conference was organized by RIHE in cooperation with Hijiyama University, Japan. The conference addressed issues concerning the following three specific themes: (1) Internationalization of the profession; (2) Education and research activities of the profession; and (3) Personal characteristics or careers of the profession. This publication contains the following papers: (1) Changing Academic Profession in the World from 1992 to 2007 (Akira Arimoto); (2) Teaching "versus" Research in the Contemporary Academy (William K. Cummings); (3) Biographies, Careers and Work of Academics (Ulrich Teichler); (4) International Dimensions of the Australian Academic Profession (Leo Goedegebuure, Hamish Coates, Jeannet van der Lee, and Lynn Meek); (5) The Internationalization of Japan's Academic Profession 1992-2007: Facts and Views (Futao Huang); (6) The Internationalization of the American Faculty: Where Are We, What Drives or Deters Us? (Martin J. Finkelstein, Elaine Walker, and Rong Chen); (7) The Academic Profession in a Diverse Institutional Environment: Converging or Diverging Values and Beliefs? (Simon Schwartzman and Elizabeth Balbachevsky); (8) Education and Research Activities of the Academic Profession in Japan (Hideto Fukudome and Tsukasa Daizen); (9) The Academic Profession in Mexico: Changes, Continuities and Challenges Derived from a Comparison of Two National Surveys 15 Years Apart (Jesus F. Galaz-Fontes, Manuel Gil-Anton, Laura E. Padilla-Gonzales, Juan J. Sevilla-Garcia, Jose L. Arcos-Vega, and Jorge G. Martinez-Stack); (10) Teaching and Research across Academic Disciplines: Faculty's Preference, Activity, and Performance (Jung Cheol Shin); (11) Teaching and Research in English Higher Education: New Divisions of Labour and Changing Perspectives on Core Academic Roles (William Locke and Alice Bennion); (12) The Changing Employment and Work Situation of the Academic Profession in Germany (Anna Katharina Jacob and Ulrich Teichler); (13) The Changing Academic Profession in Japan (Yusuke Hasegawa and Naoyuki Ogata); and (14) What Changes Happened to the Academic Profession over 1992-2007? (Futao Huang). Appended are: (1) Conference Program; and (2) List of Participants. Individual papers contain figures, tables, footnotes and references. [This paper was co-created with Research Institute for Higher Education, Hijiyama University.

This paper discusses the design modifications of a sequence of specified learning goals for teaching early number, which characterise an instructional resource developed in a design research collaboration with teachers in Mexican preschools. Highlighted are the types of research involvement that appear to be necessary in designing resources for teaching meaningful mathematics at scale. We argue that, and illustrate how, such involvements need to venture beyond addressing the problems of learning, into the territory of problems of teaching.

In this paper, we present the development of an investigation on the promotion of covariational reasoning in high school students (14-15 years old) in Mexico. The study consists of designing and applying a sequence of didactic activities that simulate a real situation virtually. The activities are organized through a Hypothetical Learning Trajectory supported by digital technology and elements of Cuevas-Pluvinage didactics. The activities were evaluated according to the levels of covariation proposed by Carlson and colleagues, categorizing students' achievements and difficulties for each level of understanding. The results show that the activities favor students' progress by moving from the context situation to the different representations, establishing the relationship between the variables, and identifying their functional dependence. [For the complete proceedings, see ED630210.]

This paper describes the conceptions about complex numbers that a group of university students has, these were built from the application of an activity sequence centered on these numbers. This sequence is based on the APOS theory, some aspects of semiotic representation theory, and the use of digital technology. Particularly, both the general results of a pretest and a posttest are shown and compared. Additionally, the example of a student is analyzed to show evidence of how the mental structures and mechanisms that define the students' conceptions are built through the implementation of the sequence. The results show how the activity sequence allowed students to coordinate algebraic and geometric processes on complex numbers to improve their conceptions. [For the complete proceedings, see ED630210.]

Emotions come into play as teachers make decisions, act, and reflect on the different purposes, methods, and meanings of math teaching. In order to learn more about the emotions of mathematics teachers, this paper shows the emotions experienced by 81 Mexican teachers who teach mathematics in middle school and high school. Emotions are contextualized by the theory of the cognitive structure of emotions, narrative and drawings were used to express their emotions. According to the results, three frequent and common emotions were identified in the teachers, happy-for, satisfaction, and disappointment. Fear was the only frequent emotion in high school teachers; it occurred at the beginning of their teaching, due to the lack of pedagogical content knowledge. [For the complete proceedings, see ED630210.]

Mexico is a country where seismic events occur in a daily basis. Since 1990, the national seismological service has reported various earthquakes, in some cases they usually imperceptible, it doesn't ensure that the population cannot be injured, there for, it is important to keep the entire population informed and prepared in the event of an earthquake. This project will present a proposal for a serious videogame with the intention of bringing the young public, between nine and twelve years old, closer to earthquake prevention in a playful way through a narrative based on children studies and official civil protection guidelines. This videogame is developed with de Godot game engine platform, using as the main source of information the research project developed by the students of the master's degree in Information Design and Communication about strategies focused on children to promote informed behavior for safety in the case of seismic related situations (Gros, 2009). The videogame poses scenarios of elementary school, where a series of challenges are presented to the gamer as simulating real situations with the intention that the player learn how to avoid getting hurt and manage to reach to meeting point safely. This paper shows the related work in the domain of games focused to promote the information about safety during earthquakes, the design and the advances in the development the proposal. [For the full proceedings, see ED638044.]

The topics of correlation and linear regression constitute a complex and subtle system of statistical and mathematical ideas whose teaching-learning raises numerous practical and theoretical problems. In this research paper, the patterns of reasoning that students exhibit, under the approach of informal inferences when they face problems of correlation and regression line are identified. To achieve this, activities were implemented in two stages: in the first stage, two problems (one of estimation and other of best-fit line) were applied to be solved using pencil and paper; the second stage incorporates the use of the Fathom software. [For the complete proceedings, see ED629884.]

This work addresses the importance of innovation in entrepreneurial and business education to ensure that students develop the ability to make complex decisions and solve complex challenges. The intention was to incorporate the complexity theory in decision-making and problem-solving in business and entrepreneurship. To achieve this, we present the results of the first phase of our project, aiming to scale the levels of complex thinking in university students, discuss the need for business and entrepreneurship students to develop complex thinking competency (including its sub-competencies of critical, systemic, scientific, and innovative thinking) in the complexity of the business environment, analyze the relevance of system elements, apply their inductive and deductive reasoning, and create appropriate and relevant solutions. Our findings suggest that an educational model focused on developing complex thinking and its four sub-competencies can enable entrepreneurs to integrate sustainable development, increase their social engagement and critical thinking, develop their imaginative intelligence and discursive and reflective skills, and thus improve their decision-making and problem-solving processes. In the future, we plan to extend this analysis to the behavior of real-life entrepreneurs. [For the full proceedings, see ED654100.]

For more than 20 years, traditional medicine of Mexico, the U.S. Southwest and other countries has been taught as a series of academic course at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque in the United States. These courses focus on traditional uses of healing plants and rituals for students in higher education and the community. These courses discuss the incorporation of diverse Hispanic and Indigenous ancestral methods of healing based on experiential learning through a series of traditional medicine classes offered at the University of New Mexico. This pedagogy is a unique approach to the reclaiming of ancestral perspectives into the university curriculum that have an enduring impact in the students enrolled in these courses. This article provides a definition of "curanderismo" and mentions three major historical figures that have impacted traditional medicine in Mexico and the United States. The article also discusses the impact that these classes have on the diverse students at a Hispanic-Serving, Level I Research American university. Finally, we discuss the development of these courses in the university system and how a program has been created that also allows community members and staff in diverse health professions to enroll in the summer face-to-face institute through the Center for Continuing Education. [For the full proceedings, see ED656038.]

To address the challenges of sustainability in rural areas of Mexico, it must be considered that globalization opened the way to a new conception of rural development and consequently to a change of strategies aimed at achieving higher levels of productivity, often unrelated to social welfare. This widened poverty in the countryside and forced the displacement of millions of rural dwellers. Globalization was an imposition with consequences that exceeded the socioeconomic, cultural, and political capacities of the countryside. We must not lose sight of the close interrelationship of inequality and precariousness with environmental degradation caused by unsustainable development models such as globalization. This scenario leads to the search for solutions to ensure sustainability, so rural communities must design sustainable development strategies that prioritize their autonomy, self-sufficiency, productive diversification, and ecosystem management. Multifunctionality is a key tool for conservation and economic diversification, but it must be properly regulated to avoid restrictions on agricultural production and cultural values. Payment for environmental services is an option, but it must be accompanied by social development policies to ensure sustainable development in rural areas. [For the full proceedings, see ED652228.]

This study examined the effectiveness of a literacy-infused science (LIS) intervention on science learning of ELs from rural schools in the U.S.-Mexico border area. The intervention consists of teacher-level virtual professional development (VPD) and virtual mentoring and coaching (VMC), as well as a student-level LIS curriculum. Results from repeated measures ANOVA revealed that participating ELs improved their science learning outcomes after one year of learning, and ELs who received the LIS intervention significantly outperformed their peers who received regular science instructions without too much emphasis on literacy. Implications for science instructions for ELs and supporting rural school districts are discussed.

In this paper we describe an educational proposal for prospective secondary school mathematics teachers in Mexico, whose aim was to contribute to the development of their didactic-mathematical knowledge about linear variation through mathematical tasks, the development of the competence of identifying primary mathematical objects and the reflection on hypothetical cases of teaching. The proposal is supported within both the Onto-semiotic Approach (EOS) and the Mathematics Teacher's Didactic-Mathematical Knowledge and Competence model. The proposal follows a design research methodology based on EOS. The results show the complexity related to the development of the competence of identifying primary mathematical objects, they also highlight the influence that competence has on the development of the epistemic and cognitive facets of prospective teachers' didactic-mathematical knowledge on linear variation. [For the complete proceedings, see ED629884.]

In this paper a didactic proposal is presented which consists of a methodology aimed at secondary level mathematics teachers, the aim of this proposal is to provide the teacher with a tool to design teaching sequences in order to take them to the classroom; These designs have the particularity of incorporating digital technology for the development of the sequence and its implementation. The methodology was developed based on the articulation of: the didactic structure of Díaz-Barriga, the teaching method ACODESA of Hitt and the curricular developments of Taba. The methodology has been tested with a group of 11 teachers in a course-workshop of 40 hours, the results obtained were three didactic sequences elaborated by three teams of teachers in a technological context (using Geogebra), where it is perceived that it is possible to design using this methodological proposal, however, teachers presented some difficulties during the process of articulation with technology. [For the complete proceedings, see ED629884.]

We present the results of a research project on arithmetic-algebraic thinking that was carried out jointly by a team in Mexico and another in Quebec. The project deals with the concepts of variable and covariation between variables in the sixth grade at the elementary level and the first, second, and third years of secondary school--namely, children from 11 to 14 years old. We target secondary students (first year or K7) in this article. Our objective relates to the development of a gradual generalization in arithmetic-algebraic thinking in a socio-cultural approach to the learning of mathematics. We experimented with investigative situations using a paper-and-pencil approach and technology. We analyze the emergence, in this context, of a visual abstraction, the production of institutional and non-institutional representations, a sensitivity to contradiction, and, finally, the concepts of variable and of covariation between variables. [For the complete proceedings, see ED629884.]

This paper presents the design and analysis of a Model-Eliciting Activity (MEA), which aims to support the refinement of the conceptual system associated with directly proportional distribution problems (example: linear function, percentage, proportion, variation, etc.). The situation explores a context that is close to the student, encouraging the construction of a generalizable mathematical model that can be transferred to diverse contexts. For the design, the principles of the Models and Modeling perspective (Lesh and Doerr, 2003) were considered. The target population were students enrolled in the first semesters of a university degree in Accounting. For the analysis, we considered the construction of models (performed in teams); the mathematical representations within the process observed (such as diagrams and tabular organizations); as well as the individual solutions of the students. [For the complete proceedings, see ED629884.]

In this report, we present an advance of doctoral research. We explore teaching alternatives that promote proportional reasoning in Mexican students between 14 and 15 years old with the support of digital technology. We designed a sequence of activities that pretends to signify the concepts of ratio and proportion in their diverse representations and from the perspective of linear functions. For the design of the tasks, elements of the Realistic Mathematics Education framework and Cuevas-Pluvinage Didactics were used. The learning objectives and proposed activities were organized through a hypothetical learning trajectory. Subject to presenting the group results, we randomly selected a student to present the analysis of the results achieved. We found that the tasks promoted proportional reasoning. [For the complete proceedings, see ED630210.]

COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic had led to the confrontation of higher education system with enormous challenges. That necessitated the urgent transition from face-to-face teaching to online-teaching. The change was an innovation in higher education. A comparative study of digital education based on the survey in 2020-2021 in seven different countries was conducted at Shanghai University. The study was based on grey comprehensive evaluation model. In general, developed countries had high comprehensive evaluation value, while Finland, United States of America, South-Korea and Latvia had relatively low grey correlation coefficient in several certain indicators, leading to a sharp drop in the overall score. Romania ranked last while China ranked second as a developing country as well. The study launched a conclusion that research and development personnel, infrastructure funds and university financial investment in digital education had relatively more obvious effects on improving the innovations and quality of higher education system including the leadership system of universities. [For the full proceedings, see ED639633.]

In this paper we present the results derived from a project aimed to study the "learning gains" obtained by undergrad engineering students that used two mobile learning resources (in video format). We conducted our study over a 6-year time interval applying "pre-test" and "post-test" instruments to both experimental groups (which used the mobile resources) and control groups (which did not). Our sample consisted of N = 793 students and we found that the experimental group obtained learning gains about 26% higher than those of the control group. We found this difference to be meaningful, with "p"-values around 0.022. Perception questionnaires applied to the control groups showed that most of the students consider that the use of mobile resources improved their concept-comprehension and helped them to develop their problem-solving skills. [For the complete proceedings, see ED601100.]

This paper provides evidence on how elementary school students from a Mexican public school move from using an operational sense, expressed in computational strategies, to a kind of relational thinking based on structure sense ideas and expressed by number decomposition. Even though the results are somewhat preliminary, they illustrate how students can leave behind their computational strategies and develop a more sophisticated mathematical reasoning regarding equivalence of numerical expressions and equalities; however the strategies they developed tended to be based on "ad hoc decomposition of one side and comparison with the initial form of the other side," rather than on compensation [For the complete proceedings, see ED606556.]

Global citizenship education is an attempt to introduce into formal and non-formal education programs issues of global concern and elements of an emerging global civic culture. It aims at creating more fair, peaceful, tolerant and inclusive societies. The broad nature of global citizenship education has led to a range of interpretations and approaches in a continuum that goes from a conservative perspective that contributes to the reproduction of the existing social order, to more critical approaches that intend to transform the existing social dynamics. In the field of English language education, global citizenship has a natural place. Globally, intercultural citizenship and critical citizenship approaches have been predominant. In Mexico, however, global citizenship is not a common element of English language education. This study examined the views of ten Mexican university English language teachers about global citizenship education. Specifically, the study analyzed the participants' notion of global citizen and their perception of the viability of global citizenship education in their institutional settings. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire and a responsive interview, which was analyzed with the use of the constant comparative method. Three notions of global citizen emerged from the data: informed traveler, adaptable individual, and critical thinker. None of the participants considered global citizenship education as viable in their programs and universities. The paper explores the implications of the results for teacher training efforts. [For the complete Volume 17 proceedings, see ED596826.]

This paper presents one product of a research report about the promotion of resilience in the school setting in two public secondary schools, located in Mexico and Germany, and its relation with the pupils' multiculturalism. The paper focuses on the need of the results' analysis to identify the school actors' perceptions of the promotion of resilience at the secondary school, in contexts where pupils' cultural characteristics are highly diverse. The theoretical guidelines are linked to resilience research, especially research focusing on resilience in schools, as well as to studies on intercultural education. A mixed method was used; it is a dual comparison in two geographical, economic, political and cultural different national contexts, where the analysis unit was "the school". Research was conducted with secondary schools' principals, including the teaching staff, from both schools and with a first graders group on Telesecundaria 42, in Hidalgo, Mexico, and one group of the same grade from a Realschule in NRW, Germany. The results provide significant data that show a strong nexus between students' and teachers' perceptions of resilience development at the school. This article focuses on resilience promoting factors. It was concluded that positive emotional relationships between students and teachers build resilience and decrease risks of failure and dropout. [For the complete Volume 15 proceedings, see ED574185.]

Videoconferences are a perfect scenario for autonomous Foreign Language (FL) and intercultural speaking practices. However, it is also a threatening context as learners communicate in an FL, often with a stranger and about personal information and experiences. That may lead to increase Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA) among participants, affecting students' learning experiences and even provoking drop-outs (Bailey, Onwuegbuzie, & Daley, 2003). This study aims to explore the relationship between FLA and Self-Disclosure (SD) as personality traits. The first indicators of the potential relationship between FLA and SD in online speaking practice were found by Fondo and Erdocia (2018) in which anxious learners showed a tendency to self-disclose as a means to manage their discomfort using the FL. Data was gathered in the first stage of a nine-week-synchronous oral Online Intercultural Exchange (OIE) project between undergraduate business students from the United States, Ireland, Mexico, and Spain. [For the complete volume of short papers, see ED590612.]

We report the results of a study on informal covariate statistical reasoning conducted with 22 students (aged 16 and 18 years). We designed and implemented a task in a digital technology environment to introduce the line of best fit. The task design having elements that foresee misconceptions reported in the literature, and by focusing on four statistical ideas that we consider being central to the development of informal reasoning about the line of best fit. After having used the digital technology environment, students transitioned from viewing points of a scatterplot as individual points or fragmented into subsets to viewing the scatterplot as an aggregate from a mathematical mechanism that links them through the notion of distance from a point set to a right line. [For the complete proceedings, see ED630060.]

COVID-19 pandemic has led to the confrontation of higher education system with enormous challenges. This necessitated the urgent transition from face-to-face teaching to online teaching. A comparative study of digital education in seven different countries was conducted. This study established grey comprehensive evaluation model based on entropy weight method, which was successfully validated by reliability test. In general, developed countries tend to have high comprehensive evaluation value while Finland, South-Korea and Latvia have relatively low grey correlation coefficient in several certain indicators, leading to a sharp drop in the overall score. Romania ranked last while China ranked second as a developing country as well. This is followed by model optimization though input-output analysis method based on the upgrading of higher education system due to the pandemic's influence. The study launched a conclusion that research and development personnel, infrastructure funds and university financial investment in digital education have relatively more obvious effects on improving the quality of higher education system. [For the full proceedings, see ED621892.]

This work is part of an ongoing research project and literature review on the role of art in education and the interrelationships between art, creativity and online learning (focused on Business Education students from a university in Mexico). This research looks at the experiences of international students studying a business programme in the UK of the move to online teaching and learning that was suddenly imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The first part shares the issues and challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic on international students studying in the UK based universities that were identified in a seminar organised by FLS and QC Media Team. The second part draws on a guest lecture delivered to Business Education students from a university in Mexico using online learning, which sought to ascertain their experiences and the support needed during the current COVID-19 pandemic. The methodology used was a focus group with the students, using a set questions focused on their experience of engaging in online teaching and learning, compared to traditional classroom-based, face-to-face learning. The findings of the research confirm that the move to online teaching and learning has had both negative and positive impacts on the Mexico students, in relation to creativity, arts and painting practice. Tellingly, both groups of students -- from the first stage and second stages of the research -- said they wanted to go back to classroom based face-to-face teaching and learning. All of the students indicated that they wanted more support from their teachers and their institutions. [For the complete Volume 19 proceedings, see ED613922.]

The Mexican educational reform is based on transformations towards the conception of a new world, as a result of technological advances and new knowledge communities, where the parameters are established mainly by various international organizations, and where countries implement, evaluate, integrate and describe the necessary conditions for education. The multigrade classroom and the elements that are developed in it are conceptualized. The critical pedagogy of Gramsci and Freire should be part of the teaching preparation. [For the complete Volume 19 proceedings, see ED613922.]

In this paper we report the results obtained when implementing Activities related to the visualization of geometric representations in paper-and-pencil and technological environments with students1 grade 11. This is a qualitative research supported by both the representation theory and the visualization of mathematical objects using technological aid. We discuss how the use of technology promotes learning mathematical concepts through the analysis of static and dynamic geometric figures. Our results show that the technological tool contributes to the visualization of geometric representations arisen from working with Activities; however, paper-and-pencil as a working tool becomes necessary to give rise to conjectures about the meaning of abstract concepts linked to these representations. [This paper is presented in both English and Spanish. For the complete proceedings, see ED583608.]

Given the importance of hydrocarbons for this area, the purpose of this paper is to explore the response of universities to cope with new demands in the south of Texas and Tamaulipas, especially in relation to gas plays of Eagle Ford (Texas side) and Burgos Basin (Mexican side). To accomplish this task, in the first section of the paper a broad review of selected Texas universities is done, distinguishing their most relevant moves during the last three years. In the second section we do the same for the higher education institutions in the State of Tamaulipas, México. In the third and last section we end up with some final comments about the response of universities to cope with energy sector new demands in both sides of the border. Although related to research, in Texas the response of universities is diverse and also disperses; whilst in Tamaulipas the response mainly consists of new education provision to train human capital. [For the complete Volume 14, Number 1 proceedings, see ED568088.]

In this paper we analyze and discuss the postgraduate students' performance related to the tracing of tangent lines to the curve of a quadratic function within Dynamic Geometry Software in the context of Mean Value Theorem. The purpose is to show the possibility of using Dynamic Geometry in promoting learning of such Theorem, based on its geometric interpretation. The theoretical elements adopted in this study are based on the instrumental approach to tool use. The results illustrate the epistemic role of the Dynamic Geometry Technique, as well as the difficulties associated with their paper-and-pencil Techniques. [For the complete proceedings, see ED583989.]

This paper presents strategies identified in Mexican rural school students in seeking structure on equivalence tasks that involve the equal sign and tasks that do not. The results arise from the pilot study of a research project on the structure of numbers and numerical operations -- a key aspect of early algebraic thinking. [For the complete proceedings, see ED606531.]

Since the turn of the century, universities have to cope with demands of internationalization; and more recently to cope as well with demands to educate for global citizenship, especially after the United Nations Secretary-General's Global Education First Initiative (GEFI) launched in September 2012. This paper reports an experience of training teachers to promote these aspects in a Mexican university. More precisely, to explore how far a group of university teachers, that were trained to promote internationalization, were from the main principles of global citizenship education. Their answers to a questionnaire specially designed for this purpose, were compared with the answers of a group of teachers, from the same university, who have not been trained in the mentioned matter. A test "U" of Mann-Whitney showed a significant difference between the two sets of answers, from which some reflections are derived and related actions are suggested for training university teachers. [For the complete Volume 16 proceedings, see ED586117.]

This work reports the results of a research aimed to know the probabilistic reasoning of high-school students when they deal with the notion of random intervals. An activity was carried out involving students between ages 16 and 17 who built random intervals through physical and computational simulations. The research question guiding this work was: Which reasoning do students exhibit when they estimate the probabilities of events related to the experience of creating random intervals from a frequentist approach? From the data analysis, partly based on the Grounded Theory, four categories were established. They suggest that the patterns observed in this work are likely present in situations demanding the frequentist approach to probability. [For the complete proceedings, see ED629884.]