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The adoption of augmented reality (AR) has been one of the defining technological trends of the past decade. While AR has experienced significant growth in consumer electronics, its potential for professional use still needs to be explored. Despite the growing interest in AR, determining its feasibility and potential to satisfy business needs remains challenging. To address this gap, we used a mixedmethod research approach to create a guiding framework called the process augmentability canvas. Drawing on a comprehensive case study of a major European maintenance, repair, and overhaul service provider, as well as state-of-the literature, we present a canvas that allows scholars and practitioners to evaluate AR's applicability for a given process thoroughly. By providing a structured approach to analyzing AR solutions, the process augmentability canvas contributes to a better understanding of how AR can be used efficiently in organizational settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of digital exclusion among vulnerable groups in social protection programs. It argues that digital identity systems are capable of exarcerbating inequalities in societies characterised by poverty and vulnerability. We use the lens of adverse digital incorporation to draw on two social protection programs, Bolsa Familia in Brazil and the Public Distribution System in India, both of which have been augmented with digital identity systems. Our qualitative data reveal that digital identity systems can generate justice only if existing processes of adverse digital incorporation are acknowledged and digital systems are framed to tackle design, resource, relational, and institutional inequalities. Drawing from development studies and data justice literatures, we show the importance of infusing justice in digital identity systems to build fair and effective social protection programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global environmental crisis has reached alarming proportions. However, traditional forms of environmental communication are often unable to persuade the public to adopt pro-environemntal behavior (PEB). To address this challenge, we introduce a novel green information system (Green IS) designed to improve environmental communication and motivate people to adopt PEBs. The system uses augmented reality (AR) to simulate environmental issues and is expected to stimulate the natural emotional response to usually insufficent persuasion. We applied the Design Science Research (DSR) approach to define the design principles and develop the prototype of a green AR-based artifact. We demonstrate its potential field use through illustrative scenarios. Next steps in this research project include evaluation of the artifact with different types of users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A well-known approach to managing and controlling workflows in organizations is the workflow management system (WFMS). Recently, approaches utilizing augmented reality headsets as WFMS front ends have been discussed, enabling higher efficiency, effectiveness, and usability for certain application scenarios. However, existing design-oriented approaches lack tangible guidance for implementation. A well-known approach to address such knowledge gaps is a reference architecture, which inter alia reduces development times and risks and facilitates collaboration between developers. Based on an existing tentative design theory for an augmented reality-based WFMS front end, we contribute a reference architecture containing an extended design theory, user interface design, and UML models for use cases, components, classes, and sequence flows. The reference architecture was successfully operationalized in a prototype and positively evaluated via a survey of respective users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise in distraction-related traffic accidents necessitates in-car infotainment systems that prioritize safety, as current systems often prioritize entertainment and convenience, contributing to the high number of distracted driving fatalities. Therefore, this paper applied a design science research approach to develop a design theory for Augmented Automotive Spaces that holistically consider safety, interface, interaction, and attention requirements. The main artifact is a design theory intended to help researchers and practitioners understand the design requirements and principles of intuitive, immersive, and attentiongrabbing infotainment user interfaces that enhance safety and overall mobility experience. The design theory was further implemented in a prototypical reference scenario and positively evaluated for developmental usefulness, conciseness, explanatory power, and extendibility. Overall, the authors' work contributes to the research areas of user interface design, infotainment, automotive information systems, and safety measures as well as providing a comprehensive guideline for the development of immersive and safe automotive infotainment systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented and virtual realities (AR/VR) have matured significantly in the past decade. As these devices have matured, security has become an important consideration. Despite the ability to completely re-create interfaces in the AR/VR space, the most common tool for authentication remains the traditional password. Passwords have many known weaknesses, and have been blamed for many high profile cyberattacks, leaving much to be desired. This study, following the design science approach and utilizing a cognitive walkthrough, explores the formative validity of a novel authentication artifact designed for AR/VR space. We report on our results, and identify that the proposed artifact exhibits good usability and security properties based on the feedback of technological and cybersecurity specific experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following its extensive application in study on consumers' retail experience, AR (augmented reality) technology has been increasingly applied in social media, notably the "AR filter" service, which has been embraced by quite a few brands as a novel marketing tool, taking advantage of its entertaining value and dissemination effect to boost brands' perceived image among consumers. However, there have been fewer studies that examine the effectiveness of brand-developed AR filter services in enhancing consumer perceptions of brand image in the context of social media. To bridge the research gap, the study, based on the S-O-R model, looked into the effect of consumers' cognition of AR-filter features on the realism of their experience and thus their perceived brand image. The study was carried out via a questionnaire survey of users of AR filters developed by brand-developed in social media, with its findings having both academic and practical implications for this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The metaverse is a virtual world that merges physical, virtual, and augmented reality, enabling collaboration between online users and offering limitless opportunities for connectivity and integration. While the metaverse has gained significant attention in organizations, it presents social challenges as organizations have unprecedented insight and influence over individuals' thoughts and beliefs. Our review is based on a theoretical framework and examines the impact of the environment, collaboration, avatars, and individual behavior on organizational socialization. We develop a conceptual model for the socialization process in the metaverse, contributing to a deep understanding of this emerging field and providing a research agenda for future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information technology is key to developing efficient tools in traditional education. Little is known, however, about how information technology should be leveraged in continuing education, which is of increasing importance in recent years. This paper aims to meet this research gap by extending a design science research model to adult education. Specifically, we follow the DSR model to design a scalable intervention targeting negative academic self-concept in adult education, a key challenge confronting adult learners. This intervention design will leverage augmented reality to deliver a growth mindset of intelligence. On the one hand, augmented reality contributes to active information processing, benefiting adult learners to efficiently build a growth mindset of intelligence. On the other hand, augmented reality provides adequate scalability and flexibility for repeat, relieving the implementation limitation. To summarize, by presenting the way to leverage information technology in continuing education, this study makes both theoretical contributions and practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grounded on an experimental study with 18 participants, we derive 15 design principles for no-code AR authoring tools in an organizational setting. The study consists of two distinct treatments that aim to augment lightweight processes with AR. The outcomes are two interactive tutorials utilizing AR instructions. Following the no-code approach, the participants were empowered to create relevant AR content using a reduced interface and no need for advanced configurations or coding. The study thus combines two research streams with the aim of better understanding mechanisms for AR use in a professional context. As prior work has shown, despite the potential benefits, the adoption of AR authoring tools is limited because ramping up AR to productive use is heavily dependent on consulting and custom software solutions. Our novel approach bears the potential to broaden application domains and empower professionals to apply AR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While Augmented Reality (AR) glasses are now instrumental in industries for delivering work-related information, the current one-size-fits-all information provision of AR glasses fails to cater to diverse workers’ needs and environmental conditions. We propose a framework for harnessing Internet of thing (IoT) and wearable technology to improve the adaptability and customization of information provision by AR. As a preliminary exploration, this short paper develops a multi-modal data processing system for work performance classification in the aviation industry. Using machine learning algorithms for multi-modal feature extraction and classifier construction, this framework provides a more objective and consistent evaluation of work performance compared to single-modal approaches. The proposed analytics architecture can provide valuable insights for other industries struggling to implement IoT and mixed reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the handling of data is of great importance for companies due to the increasing amount of data by digitalization. Time-consuming tasks in master data management (MDM) must be automated to provide data-driven business models with adequate data quality in real time and thus achieve higher data value. To increase the level of automation in companies, technologies as artificial intelligence are used and applied in information systems, including systems for MDM. The corresponding tasks can be summarized under the term augmented MDM. However, it is not entirely clear which of these processes can fall under the scope of augmented MDM. This paper presents a systematic literature review of 20 examined research articles published in four literature and conference databases to determine design areas and functions of augmented MDM. The findings are one design element “systems” with eleven functions and a proposed definition of terms related to augmented MDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented reality (AR) can foster service innovation and thus cope with some of the most urgent challenges in the service science domain, namely supporting frontline workers while ensuring high safety standards. Therefore, the utilization of AR can help to achieve these goals. On the contrary, AR remains a complex technology with specific requirements and preconditions that demand expertise to overcome them. Based on a case study, we derive a framework for designing AR solutions, which helps divide the complexity of designing and developing AR-based services to support the adoption and diffusion of AR applications. Such an encompassing perspective on initial AR explorations helps to transform the acquired information into a thorough proof of concept, pilot implementations and ultimately productive software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR/VR) technology has advanced significantly in recent years, with recent applications in military, medicine, and education. Currently, most security artifacts utilized in AR/VR contexts are drawn from existing computing. These artifacts, however, were developed during the early ages of computing, to satisfy a completely different set of assumptions. In the context of AR/VR these assumptions have changed significantly. This research seeks to develop a general model of knowledgebased authentication (KBA). The model will be evaluated in the AR/VR context. This research will draw attention to the importance of considering security artifacts in the context for which they are being used, not for which they were originally developed. This work is expected to guide development of knowledgebased authentication in AR/VR, as well as provide guidance as future computing technologies are developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid growth of augmented reality (AR) applications, AR is set to influence companies and organizations in every industry. This study focuses on identifying how AR technology enhances memorable experiences through the lens of customer immersion. An AR 3D food ordering platform that included an AR food ordering app for customers and a restaurant management system for restaurants was implemented as part of the study, and the concept of AR immersion was further introduced. The investigation involved an empirical examination of the effects of perceived playfulness and personal innovativeness on three dimensions of AR immersion: engagement, engrossment, and total immersion. The results of an analysis of data collected from 343 restaurant customers who experienced using the AR food ordering app indicated that engagement and engrossment had direct effects on customer satisfaction, but total immersion did not. Perceived playfulness directly affected engagement, engrossment, and total immersion and indirectly affected customer satisfaction through its direct effects on engagement and engrossment. Similarly, personal innovativeness influenced customer satisfaction indirectly through its direct effects on engagement. In terms of the effects of AR immersion, engrossment should be the target, engagement is insufficient, and total immersion is unnecessary. A practical implication of our findings is that it is possible to increase customer satisfaction directly by increasing the levels of engagement and engrossment with an AR food ordering app. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present the first naturalistic (in-situ) exploratory study seeking to apply mixed-reality (MR) technologies within the industrial chemical laboratory (wet lab) domain with the aim of identifying opportunities and challenges for such applications. This research was conducted in partnership with Agilent Technologies (Agilent), an industry leader in the wet lab domain, which allowed us to draw on domain expert knowledge of actual work practices to inform the design of our system and its subsequent evaluation. This naturalistic approach is in stark contrast to most existing MR research, which usually involves tightly controlled experimental conditions. Despite this, designing and evaluating solutions insitu must be explored in order to better understand how these systems succeed or fail to meet user requirements in an industrial environment involving actual work practices. This approach enabled the discovery of a new construct which we term “physically embedded data”. We conclude that existing process models need to be extended to facilitate the design of effective MR systems for knowledge work practices by explicitly incorporating this phenomenon. This understanding also forms the basis for further research opportunities into a new system design methodology for industrial MR support systems for knowledge work practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the elicitation of vocational training processes in a consortium research project, it became clear that augmented reality (AR) is a useful learning environment. However, using AR glasses may isolate trainees in training workshops and reduce the level of collaboration. In this study, we address these potential adverse side effects with peer tutoring. More exactly, we want to initiate tutor-tutee pairs among trainees during AR-based vocational training processes. We derive design features for a multi-agent-based approach to build tutor-tutee pairs based on concepts from the literature, a technical perspective, and the consortium within a design science research approach. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to align AR with peer tutoring. With our first results, we provide a novel IT artifact in the realm of computer-supported collaborative learning in the information systems discipline. Future work can build upon these results even outside the scope of AR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Process modeling is broadly agnostic concerning the technology used for inputs and outputs, despite the choice of technology significantly determines and influences processes. Given the maturation of augmented reality and its increasing application in services, we seek to explore whether business process modeling can support such emerging and immersive technologies. To determine if current process modeling approaches are suitable for this purpose, we conduct a criteria-based assessment of the literature based on a thorough literature review. As a result, we identified several shortcomings and propose a research agenda to guide further development of process modeling to cope with the increasing adoption of augmented reality for service design and service innovation in organizations. Thus, we contribute to the understanding of augmented reality as a matter of service design and increase the accessibility of augmented reality for small and medium enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) in operational decision-making process has been a pervasive trend among many organizations. However, the current AI-based decision support systems still face challenges on accuracy and efficiency of operational decision making due to a lack of human-AI collaboration. To provide a proactive and pragmatic view of humans' and AI's roles, this study constructs a multi-dimensional analytical framework to investigate human-AI collaboration for different activities during operational decision making. By applying the framework in a case of an order dispatching system, we discover that human-AI collaboration modes can be delineated into complementarity, substitutability, and modularity. We posit that operational decision making can be vastly improved by scrupulously designed system with appropriate human-AI collaboration modes. This study also validates the idea of intelligence augmentation which emphasizes that AI plays an assistive role in enhancing and extending human capabilities to deliver better decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When it comes to construction projects, public debates and protests may arise if architectural plans remain unshared with the citizens they might affect. To involve the public affected by construction projects, offering easily graspable visualization for citizens is key. E-Participation provides opportunities to include technological innovations that help to inform the public and offering diverse feedback mechanisms. We design and evaluate an e-participation application that uses augmented reality and virtual reality technology to let citizens participate in the development of public construction projects. Following the design science research approach, we put forward a set of meta-requirements and design principles for the development of an e-participation application using these technologies. Furthermore, we present insights into what forms and levels of participation citizens and initiators are interested in, when it comes to the use of augmented and virtual reality for e-participation, and thereby explore the potentials of these technologies for public participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microsoft's HoloLens enables true augmented reality (AR) by placing virtual objects within the real world. This paper aims at presenting trades (based on ISIC) that can benefit from AR as well as possible use cases. Firstly, the authors conducted a systematic literature search to identify relevant papers. Six databases (including EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect and SpringerLink) were scanned for the term "HoloLens". Out of 680 results, two researchers identified 150 articles as thematically relevant. Secondly, these papers were analysed utilising qualitative content analysis. Findings reveal 26 trades where AR glasses are in use for practice or research purposes. The most frequent are human health, education and research. In addition, we provide a catalogue of 7 main use cases, such as Process Guidance or Data Access and Visualisation as well as 27 sub use cases addressing corresponding functionalities in more detail. The results of this paper are trades and application scenarios for AR glasses. Thus, this article contributes to research in the field of service systems design, especially AR glasses-based service systems, and provide evidence for the future of digital work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decision processes in emergency management are particularly complex. Operations managers have to make decisions under time pressure while the situation at hand changes continuously. As wrong decisions in emergencies often have drastic effects, operations managers try to receive information from various sources such as the emergency control centre, their operation forces, databases, electronic location maps and drones. However, previous research has shown that humans have only limited information processing capabilities, and once these are exceeded, task performance decreases. Augmented Reality (AR) offers entire new possibilities to visualise information. Previous research on the relationship between the use of AR for information visualisation and the experienced cognitive load yielded contradictory results. By using the design science approach, we therefore aim to develop an AR decision support system. In a comparative eye-tracking study, we plan to examine how different types of AR information visualisation affect the experienced cognitive load of operations managers and thus decision- making. In this research-in-progress paper, we present the results of expert interviews with six operations managers who described three AR use cases in emergency management and five requirements for an AR decision support system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we describe a study investigating augmented reality (AR) to support caregivers. We implemented a system called Care Lenses that supports various care tasks on AR head-mounted devices. For its application, one question was how caregivers could interact with the system while providing care, that is, while using one or both hands for care tasks. Therefore, we compared two mechanisms to interact with the CareLenses (handheld touch similar to touchpads and touchscreens and head gestures). We found that certain head gestures were difficult to apply in practice, but that except from this head gesture support was as usable and useful as handheld touch interaction, although the study participants were much more familiar with the handheld touch control. We conclude that head gestures can be a good means to enable AR support in care, and we provide design considerations to make them more applicable in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of our research is to investigate the impact of explorable Augmented Reality (AR) environments on the effectiveness of memory enhancement techniques based on the memory palace method. The memory palace is an ancient technique which uses spatial memory for efficiently recalling information, since the association between learning content and spatial information enables a more efficient learning process. In our research, we use this method not in imaginary environments, as usual, rather in real physical environments enhanced with virtual content. The user walks in an obstacle-free space and by means of an AR interface s/he visualizes virtual graphs, which are overlaid on the floor of the room. An experiment is proposed: a group of test persons applies the memory palace method walking on virtual graphs with our AR interface for associating spatial information and learning content, whereas a control group applies this method using a traditional printed medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture 4.0 is a growing field of research that aims to solve one of the most critical challenges for humanity: efficient production in a changing environment. This paper presents a two-year long research project in a wine producer with over 800 associates. The results provide an in-depth presentation of transformations in two vineyards using a ubiquitous system supported by smart sensors, machine-learning, and augmented reality. It also highlights the importance of preparing a sustainable strategy that includes (1) a farmer-centered design of agriculture 4.0, (2) an ecosystem of third-party entities that ensure coevolution with the producer, and (3) the added value of an increasing amount of data. Failing to achieve these recommendations may lead to a decrease in long-term adherence to digital transformation. The findings are relevant for companies that struggle worldwide with extreme threats of climate change and to maximize the return of their investments in agriculture 4.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitalization triggers a shift in the compositions of skills and knowledge needed for students in their future work life. Hence, higher order thinking skills are becoming more important to solve future challenges. One subclass of these skills, which contributes significantly to communication, collaboration and problem-solving, is the skill of how to argue in a structured, reflective and well-formed way. However, educational organizations face difficulties in providing the boundary conditions necessary to develop this skill, due to increasing student numbers paired with financial constraints. In this short paper, we present the first steps of our design science research project on how to design an adaptive IT-tool that helps students develop their argumentation skill through formative feedback in large-scale lectures. Based on scientific learning theory and user interviews, we propose preliminary requirements and design principles for an adaptive argumentation learning tool. Furthermore, we present a first instantiation of those principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented reality (AR) gained much public attention since the success of Pokémon Go in 2016. Technology companies like Apple or Google are focusing primarily on mobile AR (MAR) applications running on smartphones or tablets since this type of AR is widely available for the end consumer. Associated privacy issues have to be investigated early as long as AR is still shapeable in order to improve users' privacy and foster market adoption. Thus, we designed a vignette-based online experiment to investigate influencing factors of privacy concerns related to a hypothetical MAR app. Furthermore, we investigate whether individuals associate higher privacy concerns with AR compared to non-AR by manipulating the description of the app. Thereby, we want to better understand the attitude formation process related to AR and the relation to privacy concerns. We conduct a pretest with 91 German smartphone users to evaluate the used constructs and our proposed research model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented Reality (AR) is an immersive technology that is increasingly becoming popular in e-commerce. This technology is transforming the traditional way of product presentations in online stores. However, online retailers are keen to know if an ARbased product presentation is impacting consumers differently from traditional product presentations. In this study, we investigate the influence of immersive user interfaces on consumers' perceptions. We conduct an experiment in a university setting with subjects who test a mobile app enabled with AR, interactive three-dimensional (3D) and traditional representation for products of different complexities. We find that an immersive interface reduces the perceived risk and enhances satisfaction of the consumer, but increases the cognitive load. The first two effects are found to be higher for a more complex product. This study provides guidance to retailers who are planning to adopt immersive technologies for online product presentations about their possible impact on target consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial sectors like mechanical engineering currently define themselves primarily through their product business. However, a change can currently be observed. Instead of continuing to engineer products for maximum reliability, solution systems are developed that leverage their performance from services such as maintenance. For these, information supply is an essential factor, since the underlying products are becoming more complex. Additionally, these products are integrating information and communication technology, which can supply technicians, e.g. with actual condition data. To be able to use this information, technicians need service support systems (SSS) that yet exist on mobile and simple wearable devices. This article reports from the development of an SSS-based on augmented reality glasses. The developed system was used to support a LEGO assembly task and evaluated with the Task-Technology Fit model. The result shows that AR glasses can be used for the information supply of technicians but still need further development to allow for adequate service support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented Reality (AR) based teaching and learning has evolved rapidly over the past years. Researchers have shown that AR has the potential to deliver persuasive learning experiences in formal teaching (e.g., in classrooms) and in informal learning environments (e.g., museums). However, comparatively little extant research is firmly grounded in learning theories and applies rigorous empirical methods to evaluate the effect of AR on learning performance. In order to build a cumulative body of knowledge on AR-based instructional design and its effectiveness, it is necessary to consolidate both the theoretical foundations of and empirical evidence for using AR for teaching and learning. Against this background we conducted a focused systematic literature review on theoretical and empirical foundations of AR in education. We identify theory-based design elements and empirical measures for developing and applying AR teaching and learning applications and consolidate them in a design framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Not only since the launch of Pokémon Go in July 2016, augmented reality (AR) has received a big boost in awareness and popularity. AR-based start-ups have entered the market, and established companies start to offer AR functionalities in their smartphone applications. A new distribution channel in form of augmented commerce has been emerging, although only little is known about optimized design of AR environments due to the limited number of user studies researching the effects of AR usage. This paper's research objective is to tackle this gap by analysing AR technology in combination with online recommendations, a well-established, ubiquitous design element in today's e-commerce. We conducted a controlled online experiment with 208 subjects to examine the effects of customer recommendations (CR) and increasingly emerging seller recommendations (SR) in AR applications. Our results demonstrate that CRs in AR applications positively influence the intention to purchase and the selection of products by decreasing a customer's product fit uncertainty, whereas SRs displayed no significant influence. These insights are the first steps to further understand how AR and online recommendations can be used and have to be implemented to provide customers with novel and accepted sources of value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

costs in the digital era. The integration of innovative new technologies in the work process is crucial when transforming businesses to cope with these increasing requirements. In this research article, we investigate the current integration of such an innovative technology - augmented reality (AR) - in the manufacturing industry. For that purpose, we conduct a systematic literature review as well as a practically oriented search for augmented reality use cases in the field of manufacturing. We contribute to the current literature on augmented reality and digital transformation by analysing and synthesizing 95 articles and use cases to identify the current and the potential future role of augmented reality in the manufacturing industry and its impact on different work processes. We show that theoretical proof of concepts articles mostly focus on improving production operations, especially assembly processes, while the majority of practical use cases of currently applied AR solutions involve maintenance and inspection processes. Based on these findings, relevant future work opportunities for researchers as well as practitioners are derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the efficacy of emergency agencies like fire departments is receiving increased attention in academia and practice. In recent times, novel firefighter information technologies like digital plans and augmented reality systems have been proposed to better support the work of firefighters. These technologies, however, mostly result from technology-driven approaches and run a risk of failing the actual needs of the users. In this paper, we present the design of a controlled study to more rigorously examine firefighters' needs for information. Considering the search and rescue task during a building fire as an exemplary case, we first identify informational potentials to support the work on site. Based on theories of situation awareness and cognitive science, we then hypothesize that graphical building information can facilitate the search and rescue task. To examine the hypotheses, we propose the design of a controlled, yet realistic laboratory experiment that was developed in cooperation with a Bavarian state firefighting academy. During the experiment, firefighter squads will be provided with different kinds of building information and evaluated with respect to their task performance. The results of the experiment are expected to provide implications for the design of novel firefighter information technologies and firefighters' working routines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the introduction of blockchain technology and advancements in the mobile infrastructure with 5G networks, virtual reality is resurfacing from previously discussed theoretical developments to actual implementations that are set to disrupt business and society alike. The past few years have shown an increase virtual reality equipment manufacturing and technical capabilities. With high speed networks capable of providing ubiquitous access, virtual and augmented reality platforms being developed on distributed blockchain networks, new societal transformations are ready to take place. This panel will address the technological foundation driving new trends and discuss their impacts on business and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital innovation is described to harbor great potential to improve health care. Yet, much of this potential has not been realized. A number of context-specific factors are described to limit implementation of innovative digital solutions. To attenuate these limits in development, we propose a human-centric approach using elements of Design Thinking. We follow a design science research approach using two cases of digital innovation in health care. Based on qualitative and quantitative evaluations performed with care givers we used an iterative prototyping approach to create digital artifacts aimed at improving the underlying health care processes. We detail the research processes of an augmented reality smart glass application for documenting chronic wounds and a smartphone application to support dispensing medication. Based on the exemplary cases, we derive process learnings on applying Design Thinking methods to digital innovation projects in health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Service-dominant logic (SDL) provides a well-established lens for understanding services as value co-creation processes. However, also value co-destruction can occur in service processes, but the literature on value co-destruction remains scattered and more studies are called for. We address this research gap with a classification of users' subjective reasoning for value co-destructive experiences while playing the augmented reality (AR) mobile game Pokémon GO. We conduct laddering interviews with Pokémon GO players to uncover their value co-destruction experiences. Employing clustering analysis, we investigate users' reasoning for value co-destruction experiences, and argue that value co-destruction may occur due to seven types of reasoning: value contradiction, unmet expectations, technical challenges, personal or social norm conflict, effect of constant mobile use, absence or loss of resources, and insufficient perceived value. The study contributes to research and practice with new insights to the unfavorable side of value co-creation and users' co-destructive service experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the recent popularity of Augmented Reality (AR) technology, no empirical evidence has confirmed that AR is a more effective artifact than the traditional way of product presentations on online retailers. In this study, we investigate the economic impact of AR in terms of product sales, and the volume, valence and linguistic features of product reviews. To build up credible causal evaluation, we design a natural experiment on Amazon and collect product information and consumer reviews for 423 AR-enabled products and 2,346 non-AR products from Amazon iOS app and its website, over a period of 24 weeks. We set up the data analysis with a difference-in-differences estimation. This study aims to contribute to Information System and Marketing literature and provide practical implications for online retailers looking to adopt AR technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this fast-changing world, it is important that the workforce continues to upskill and reskills to stay practically relevant. Yet, adult learners, defined as students over 24 years who often have family and work responsibilities, are known to have high dropout rates when they attempt to upskill and reskill in online education (e.g. Park 2009). Researchers have been concerned with this problem for a long period and attempted to predict adult learners' dropout decisions, taking into consideration factors such as family responsibilities. However, few studies have explicitly clarified how to help adult learners and address the high dropout rates. Considering the importance of this topic, this study reviews the extant literature and identifies three key challenges confronting adult learners in online education: Cognitive Overload; Low Concentration; and Pedagogy Conflict. Having examined the nature of these challenges, this study then proposes personalized interventions (based on Augmented Reality) as possible solutions for the high dropout rates. We will first test our identification of the challenges through a qualitative study, after which the effectiveness of our proposed solutions will be evaluated through field experiments. The goal of leveraging on IT for the proposed solutions is to allow these proposed solutions to be conveniently scaled up to simultaneously support many adult learners (with minimal human intervention). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disasters exact a huge human and economic cost worldwide and it is thus crucial to strive for improving the effectiveness of disaster response and training. Among the critical success factors identified for effective disaster response are obtaining and sharing situational awareness across distributed organizational networks, coordination, multiorganization response, and the ability to collect, analyze, and distribute relevant information (Harrald, 2006). Augmented reality/Mixed reality (AR/MR) tools -in conjunction with geographical information- can offer valuable contributions in facilitating emergency response and preparedness (e.g., Tsai et al., 2012). In this research, we endeavor to develop a framework of the affordances offered by AR-enabled geographic information systems (GIS) tools, and to examine the impact of those affordances on the effectiveness of disaster response. Guided by Technology Affordances and Constraints Theory (Majchrzak and Markus, 2013), we examined several studies and extracted some affordances, along with constraints, that AR-GIS tools can present. The next phase of our research will involve further developing the framework, in addition to conducting experiments using Microsoft HoloLens; a fully untethered, holographic computer that enables users to interact with high-definition holograms -and other objects- in the real world using gaze, gesture, and voice. The experiments will involve evaluating the performance of individuals and teams using HoloLens as compared to more traditional collaboration methods such as text messaging and voice communication. Our research will seek evidence of measurable improvement in disaster response key performance indicators but would also showcase possible limitations of current HMD tools, such as physical strain and/or headaches on prolonged use. The results of this research are expected to contribute to our knowledge about online collaboration, and to inform designers about what works and what needs to be revisited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amazon has recently added a feature to the iOS version of the Amazon shopping app, called AR View (i.e., Augmented Reality View), which allows prospective buyers to view and to interact with virtual representations of products within their real-world environments, via the iPhone's camera. AR View engages customers just prior to confirming a purchase. If successful, such app features will sway customers who otherwise may be reluctant to make purchases. Amazon reasons that customers will value the AR View simulation, especially if they wish to visualize a product positioned in their personal environment (e.g., their home or office). Prior literature identifies comparative, characteristic-based product categories that include search vs experience, geometric vs material and functional vs expressive. However, due to the introduction of AR into product-purchasing contexts, there is a need to now classify product type in a new way: along a continuum of position-relevance. A product has high position-relevance when a customer exhibits sensitivity regarding its relative location within an environment. For example, a shopper that employs AR View to virtually place a sofa into a room in their house, would want to evaluate the suitability of its position within the area. Hence, a product has low position-relevance when a customer exhibits little or no sensitivity regarding its relative location. The aim of this research is to determine the following: 1. Is using AR more effective than not using AR in influencing purchase decisions, using the Amazon shopping app? 2. If the answer is yes, is the positionrelevance of the products the reason? This study will develop, perform, and analyze the results of an experiment that examines the influence of the AR features and the position-relevance of products on customer decisions to purchase. The research questions are, in a prominent mobile retail app: 1. do AR features influence customer experience (telepresence, flow)? 2. Do interactions between AR features and the position-relevance of products influence customer experience? 3. Does customer experience influence purchase intention? We are developing a theoretical and testable model, and experimental and survey scenarios to test the model. Expected contributions will include: 1. Development of a testable model describing AR features, interactions of product position-relevance with these features, customer AR experience, and purchase intention outcomes, 2. Increases to knowledge and understanding of AR, AR features, and the effect of these characteristics on purchase intention, 3. Increases to knowledge and understanding of AR in mobile retail applications and the relationship of these apps to revenue and profitability. Limitations include: 1. Because AR research is still in the early stages, this research is developmental, centering on developing a framework for the use of AR in a mobile retail context. 2. Consequently, the initial research methodology is developmental, subject to change with increased knowledge and understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]