Search

Copyright of Proceedings of the Design Society is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In most democracies, the public reputation of journalists is on the decline. However, other than with attitudes towards parties and politicians, the concrete cognitive map that people have of journalists has received rather little attention. This paper describes the results of a representative telephone survey of the German population (N=1,054) that was designed to explore the public's perception of journalism. The paper contains a first analysis of these data. Our results confirm a rather negative public reputation of journalists, particularly concerning the profession's trustworthiness and here especially among the younger population. While two thirds of respondents have esteem for journalists, only a third trust journalist. We further found large gaps between the public's expectations and the public's perceptions of journalistic goals and values, characteristics of news content, as well as journalists' behavior in ethical dilemmas. In the final part of the paper we test the effects of some of these variables on trust and esteem. Our work is based on the assumption that the relationship between the people and the press deserves more research because a functioning relationship between both actors is the basis for a functioning democracy. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the promises of video game training is that, compared to traditional training, it can be more engaging and entertaining (Boot et.al., 2008). However, besides entertainment, games have shown to have the potential to impact a larger variety of cognitive abilities. Previous research has consistently shown that several aspects in cognition such as visual short‐memory, multitasking and spatial cognition can be enhanced by game play. In a previous study, we found that playing Monkey Tales, a commercial game aimed at training arithmetic skills in children, helped second grade pupils to increase their accuracy in mental calculation as compared to paper exercises or no exercises. The present study aimed to explore how arithmetic performance enhancement induced by game play and paper exercises differs. In order to do this, we compared the performance gains that second graders achieved in a computer test made for assessing their math skills. We performed a combined analysis of the changes in two behavioral measurements: accuracy and reaction times. Children were tested at two points in time: before and after the three week period. We compared the reaction times and the accuracy improvements between these two moments and compared different items types (e.g. understanding tenths, understanding hundreds, even or odd up to 100 among other types). We found indirect evidence suggesting that arithmetic performance enhancement induced by game play and paper exercises might rely on slightly different cognitive mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the large volume of empirical deliberation studies, researchers have given little effort to the analysis of citizens' verbal expressions themselves. This paper connects theoretical frameworks in cognitive complexity and political sophistication (Sniderman et al., 1991; Tetlock, 2004) with methodological advances in textual network analysis (Carley & Palmquist, 1992; Popping, 2006). We examine how deliberators' mental models are transformed by the group condition. For the textual network analysis, saved transcripts of online deliberators about the health-care policy were analyzed. To warrant the validity of the properties of our textual network measures, three variables (need for cognition, health-care knowledge, and argument repertoire) are adopted as validity criteria. Our results demonstrate that ordinary citizens who met and discussed with elites in an earlier interaction ,express in the next deliberation more diverse ideas that are more complexly interconnected , whereas elites who talked with other elites depress the range of concepts and the complexity of their interconnections in subsequent interactions. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This section presents several management consulting conference paper abstracts. The abstracts include "Education and Experience as Antecedents of the Performance of Management Consultants," that analyzes human capital in terms of education and experience; "Being Human: The Real Challenge for the 21st Century," about relationships within business; and "Designing and Processing a Socio-Economic Management Control," which discusses social performance of management control.

This section presents several conference paper abstracts on social issues in management, including a study of the emphasis of firms' learning processes to integrate stakeholder management into their business models, a paper that examines the relationship between espoused moral principles and behavioral outcomes, and an examination of the relationship between personal values and the ethical dimension of decision making using partial least squares analysis.

This section presents abstracts of several papers on entrepreneurship. The first paper proposes a multi-dimension, multi-contingent fit perspective for examining different practices adapted by entrepreneurial firms in acquiring human resources. Another paper elaborates theoretical foundations for opportunity-based entrepreneurial discovery research and presents an empirical study providing evidence for examining the validity of an opportunity-based research approach. One more paper explores innovation as a corporate entrepreneurial outcome in recently established small firms.

This section presents conference paper abstracts on entrepreneurship, including a study of how the individual trait of Entrepreneurial Orientation positively predicts how entrepreneurs evaluate business opportunities, an examination of the development of effective boards in venture capital-backed initial public offerings, and a discussion of how a cognitive perspective can provide important insights into the nature of opportunity recognition.

This section presents abstracts of conference papers on managerial and organizational cognition, including a study of the concept of intuition and whether and how it may be of use to managers in making decisions, a creation of a theory of entrepreneurial learning from performance errors, and the discussion of a model describing the major cognitive functions leading to outcome generation, error detection and error correction.

This section presents various conference paper abstracts on organizational communication and information systems, including a study of the processes that lead to success or failure in teams with functional heterogeneity, an investigation of conflict, its antecedents and its effect that fester longer and resist resolutions, and an evaluation of how community organizing dimensions may impact product and service innovation and commercialization.

This article presents abstracts of studies on international management. The paper "Regional Strategies for Service Sector Multinationals," examined the intra-regional sales of all 49 multinational enterprises (MNE) in the retail sector. Data is not available for most other service sector MNEs, especially in insurance and banking. Only one of these 49 retail MNEs is global, defined as operating with at least 20 percent of its sales in each part of the triad. The paper "Market Equilibrium, Cartel or Lack of Strategy? Entry Level Compensation in Japanese Firms," examined the determinants of base pay for entry level college graduates in Japanese firms. In a sense, Japanese firms' compensation strategy for college hiring is to behave as a cartel and to minimize wage competition. The paper "A Comparative Analysis of Indian and Chinese Negotiating Behavior," highlighted the similarities and differences between Indian and the Chinese negotiating behavior. While a lot has been written about the Chinese approach to negotiations the literature on Indian negotiating behavior is relatively sparse. This paper attempts to fill this gap in the literature by providing a comparative contrast of the negotiating styles in these countries. The starting premise of the paper is that institutional environments affect the ease with which value is created, sustained or amplified over time.

This article presents several conference paper abstracts on managerial and organizational cognition. The study 'Knowledge Creation and New Entry' describes examples of experiential and experimental learning behaviors associated with a learning orientation and reveals a positive relationship between those learning behaviors and organizational absorptive capacity, which is in turn associated with enhanced collective efficacy, and the shared belief in the firm's capability to pursue new entry. The paper 'Breaking Away: An Empirical Examination of How Organizational Identity Changes During a Spin-Off' reports on an empirical case study of the processes involved in one organization's identity change during their spin-off from a parent organization. Key findings from the emergent model include the critical role played by a state of identity ambiguity that emerged from image discrepancies and changes in the organization's social referents. The paper 'The Investigation of Collective Cognition in Teams Through a Social Network Approach' investigates how learning network structures influence forms of collective cognition, cognitive overlap and cognitive complexity in teams through effecting different patterns of social influence.

This article presents several conference paper abstracts about organization and management theory. The conference paper entitled "Multiple Logics in the Decision-Making Process," by Sergio Janczak, is a qualitative empirical study that reveals the multiple logics which managers, in undertaking projects, used to influence other employees. This paper seeks to contribute to the literature decision-making process by exploring further the often ignored area of middle management's processes. In addition, as an exploratory approach this paper aims to reveal the factors that influence such processes. The design of this qualitative study includes the identification of a sample of 59 projects undertook by 39 middle managers in 35 complex multidivisional organizations in Canada. The conference paper entitled "The Ecology of Strategic Positioning: Mutualism, Competition, and Inertia," by Stanislav D. Dobrev, Tai-Young Kim, and Glenn R. Carroll develops an ecological theory of the strategic positioning of all firms in an organizational population across its evolution. Drawing on established ecological theories and notions of strategic positioning from the management literature, we contend that processes of mutualism, competition, and inertia shape the propensity of firms to move in the market space.

This article presents several conference paper abstracts on management. In the paper titled 'Interrelatedness and Value Creation in Firm-Stakeholder Networks,' the authors attempt to raise the practical dilemmas of having an agent provocateur or a stakeholder within the firm's network. The paper titled 'Stakeholder Influence Strategies in the Canadian Forest Products Industry' draws upon the stakeholder literature to propose and test hypotheses regarding managerial perceptions about the different types of strategies that organizational stakeholders adopt to influence the sustainability practices of individual firms in the industry. The authors of the paper proposed that resource interdependence and type of stake would determine whether the influence employed by individual stakeholders was direct or indirect via other stakeholders. The paper 'Communication Philanthropy. Multiple Representations to Multiple Stakeholders' examines the accounts given by 100 large firms in the UK for their involvement with the arts. It finds support for strategic philanthropy, but that the strategic intent may be more about meeting a form of social contract or securing a licence to operate. It also adds to the literature by combining the corporate philanthropy and social accounting literatures.

This section presents conference paper abstracts on technology and innovation management. An empirical study of organizational cognition in semiconductor manufacturing and process development presents evidence that learning in high technology industries can be leveraged. Prolonged, sustained investments in learning at a relatively constant level may generate highly non-linear surges in performance, but performance deteriorates as market windows close. A model of capability reconfiguration is developed in order to explain the responses of incumbents to technological change. Substitution, evolution and transformation are identified as three mechanisms of capability reconfiguration that entail different costs. The choice of reconfiguration mechanism is linked not only to the nature of technological change but also to the attributes of capabilities. The geographic concentration and co-location of university research and industrial research and development in three technological areas, such as medical imaging, neural networks, and signal processing are examined. Another paper examined the relationship between interdivisional knowledge transfer and organizational innovativeness in the context of the diversed firm.

This article presents journal supplied abstracts for the best papers submitted in 2006. The abstracts include articles based on business policy and strategy, gender and diversity in organizations, management consulting, organizational communication and information systems, and health care management. Also presented are articles focusing on conflict management, entrepreneurship, human resources, managerial and organizational cognition, and international management.

This section presents abstracts of conference papers about managerial and organizational decision making. Some of the abstracts include "Emotional Intelligence and Communication Perceptions During Conflict and Decision Making," focusing on how business intelligence helps organizational effectiveness, "Knowledge Sharing and Team Effectiveness in Challenging Organizational Environments," about how management teams benefit from external knowledge, and "A Small World After All? Network Perceptions Versus Reality," that discusses how social networks can affect an organization.

This section presents abstracts of several papers on conflict management. Some of the papers include "Knowing Your Place: Self-Perceptions of Status in Social Groups," which focuses on the impact of social categorization and disagreement on individuals' affective and cognitive reactions in decision-making settings; "The Impact of Social Similarity on Affective and Cognitive Reactions to Opinion Conflict," about how workers interact and resolve conflicts in businesses; and "Are Prime Movers More Powerful? Evidence from Experiments on Competitive Choice and Interaction," which examines the effect of outside options on trust and trustworthiness.

This section presents abstracts of conference papers related to business policy and strategy. These include "Competitive Advantage in Transition Economies: Exploring Organizational Capacity for Change," discussing competitive advantage in developed countries, "A Changing of the Guard: Executive and Director Turnover Following Corporate Earnings Restatements," on corporate earnings restatements, and "Balancing Exploration and Exploitation in Alliance Formation: A Multidimensional Perspective."

This section presents abstracts of papers related to business policy and strategy, including "Competition, Learning, or Legitimacy: Understanding the Adoption of Websites by Consumer Magazines," about corporate earnings restatements; "A Road to Directorship: How Corporate Executives Secure Positions on Other Firm's Boards," about the role of outside directors; and "A Selection that Cannot Stand the Test: Succession Context and New CEO Dismissal," about executive succession.

This section presents several organization and management theory conference paper abstracts, including an ethnographic account focused on issues of identity and place in a Great Britain-based institution of further education, an exploration of how managers can draw upon their informal relations to create new knowledge, and a dynamic framework to assess how a firm strategically allocates its limited resources between improving its competitive position relative to rivals and its collective position shared with rivals.

This section presents several conference paper abstracts on careers. The research entitled 'Using Intelligent Networks to Advance Careers in a Knowledge Economy,' by Suzanne C. de Janasz, Sherry E. Sullivan and Vicki Whiting, argues that because organizational structures have changed and careers have become boundaryless, individuals must make use of an intelligent network of multiple and diverse mentors in order to succeed in the knowledge economy. 'Structuration Theory in Careers Research,' by Mary Mallon, Joanne Duberley and Laurie Cohen focuses on how Barley's (1989) model of the structuring process in careers was used as a sensitizing device to analyze individuals' sense-making of the transition from managerial work to independent work arrangements. The model is based heavily on Giddens' Structuration theory and, to a lesser extent, on Symbolic Interactionism. 'Corporate Restructuring and Career Advancement: Learning From Job Experiences in Hong Kong,' by Alicia S. M. Leung, examines the factors that contribute to career advancement in a sample of 44 Hong Kong managers working in three local companies that had undergone restructuring. The findings indicate that they were acutely aware of shifts in the nature of their career paths but generally were reactive to changes rather than proactive.

This section presents abstracts of studies on business policy and strategy including "The Contribution of Alliance Networks to Firm Performance: The Case of the U.S. Software Industry," by Dovev Lavie, "The Minimum Assumed Incentive Effect of Executive Share Options," by Brian G. Main, Trevor Buck, Alistair Bruce and Rodio Skovoroda and "Environmental Uncertainty and the Real Options Value of Korean Firms' International Investments," by Seung-Hyun Lee and Mona V. Makhija.

The article presents abstracts pertaining to business policy and strategy. They include "An Agent-Based Model of Investing in Capabilities: Processes, Decisions, and Performance," by Catherine Maritan and Corinne A. Coen, "CEO Tenure and Organizational Performance: Testing a Non-Linear Intervening Model," by Zeki Semsek, and "Competitive Institutional Strategies: A New Generic Typology," by Krishna Udayasankar.

This section presents several abstracts of studies on issues related to human resources, including "Information Systems and Personnel Department Power: An Institutional Perspective," by Elaine Famdale; "Globalization from Within: Geocentric Career Opportunities in MNCS," by Orly Levy, Schon L. Beechler, Sully Taylor, and Nakiye Boyacigller; and "The Impact of Control on Job Satisfaction in Customer Service Call Centers," by Gillian Wright and Ed Rose.

This section presents abstracts of several business policy and strategy conferences held in the U.S. as of August 2003. 'Complementary Resources and the Prediction of Post-Acquisition Performance,' by David R. King, Rebecca J. Slotegraaf, Idalene F. Kesner and Tom Lenz shows that acquisitions, on average, do not improve firm performance. 'Exploring Competing Motivations Behind the Acquisition of High-Technology Targets,' by David R. King represents a significant contribution by demonstrating conflicting findings in existing merger and acquisition research may result from alternate motivations behind merger and acquisition activity. 'Strategic Inertia Determinants: Analyzing the Size, Middle Manager, and Competitive Intensity Mix,' by Willie Edward Hopkins, Ajay Menon, Christian Homburg and Shirley Ann Hopkins, revisits firm size as a determinant of strategic inertia. 'Restructuring in Japanese Companies: Foreign Ownership, Strategic Investments, and Firm Performance' by Parthiban David, Toru Yoshikawa and Abdual A. Rasheed shows that foreign ownership leads to reduction in research and development and capital expenditures as well as improvement in performance, especially for firms with high free cash flow that are likely to have the most severe agency problems.

The article presents abstracts on managerial and organizational cognition topics, which include peer mentoring, ethics, and conflict resolution.

The article presents abstracts on organizational communication and information systems which include the application of experience in a new product development team, the use of a commons perspective to examine the dynamic interplay between private-public interests around large-scale information technology systems, and virtual, written-based knowledge sharing.

The article presents abstracts on managerial and organizational cognition topics which include psychometric validation, content analysis and sensemaking theory.

This section presents abstracts of several studies on organizational behavior. "Darwinism, Behavioral Genetics, And Organizational Behavior: A Review and Agenda for Future Research," which reviews the evolutionary proecsses and behavioral genetics for organizational behavior. "A Meta-Analysis of Stress and Performance at Work: Moderating Effects of Gender, Age, and Tenure," studies the relationship between stresses and work performance. "The Role of Leader Behaviors and Leader-Member Exchange in Customer Service," discusses the evaluation of leader-member exchange in salons in Taiwan.

The section presents abstracts of studies regarding organizational behavior, including a study of recomposition theory in the context of the roles of social identity theory, membership exchange theory, and trust, an exploration of how front-line employee's negotiations of post-acquisition social order through the expression and resolution of conflicts affect integration success, and a field study of the post-acquisition integration processes in two groups of employees in the same organization that were exposed to different integration structures.

One of the promises of video game training is that, compared to traditional training, it can be more engaging and  entertaining (Boot et.al., 2008). However, besides entertainment, games have shown to have the potential to impact a  larger variety of cognitive abilities. Previous research has consistently shown that several aspects in cognition such as visual  short‐memory, multitasking and spatial cognition can be enhanced by game play. In a previous study, we found that  playing Monkey Tales, a commercial game aimed at training arithmetic skills in children, helped second grade pupils to  increase their accuracy in mental calculation as compared to paper exercises or no exercises. The present study aimed to  explore how arithmetic performance enhancement induced by game play and paper exercises differs. In order to do this,  we compared the performance gains that second graders achieved in a computer test made for assessing their math skills.  We performed a combined analysis of the changes in two behavioral measurements: accuracy and reaction times. Children  were tested at two points in time: before and after the three week period. We compared the reaction times and the  accuracy improvements between these two moments and compared different items types (e.g. understanding tenths,  understanding  hundreds,  even  or  odd  up  to  100  among  other  types).  We  found  indirect  evidence  suggesting  that  arithmetic performance enhancement induced by game play and paper exercises might rely on slightly different cognitive  mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the promises of video game training is that, compared to traditional training, it can be more engaging and entertaining (Boot et.al., 2008). However, besides entertainment, games have shown to have the potential to impact a larger variety of cognitive abilities. Previous research has consistently shown that several aspects in cognition such as visual short-memory, multitasking and spatial cognition can be enhanced by game play. In a previous study, we found that playing Monkey Tales, a commercial game aimed at training arithmetic skills in children, helped second grade pupils to increase their accuracy in mental calculation as compared to paper exercises or no exercises. The present study aimed to explore how arithmetic performance enhancement induced by game play and paper exercises differs. In order to do this, we compared the performance gains that second graders achieved in a computer test made for assessing their math skills. We performed a combined analysis of the changes in two behavioral measurements: accuracy and reaction times. Children were tested at two points in time: before and after the three week period. We compared the reaction times and the accuracy improvements between these two moments and compared different items types (e.g. understanding tenths, understanding hundreds, even or odd up to 100 among other types). We found indirect evidence suggesting that arithmetic performance enhancement induced by game play and paper exercises might rely on slightly different cognitive mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts on technology and innovation management topics which include the way modularity works in real world organizations, the effect of external learning on radical innovation in the high-technology industry, and the organizational antecedents and consequences of absorbing technological knowledge.

The article presents abstracts on organization and management theory topics which include differences between Convention Theory and New Organizational Institutionalism, the relationship between status and uncertainty, and the people variations in networks that can affect organizational performance.

The article presents abstracts on managerial and organizational cognition topics which include the rationalization of ethical and unethical behaviors, leadership characteristics in firm survival, and individual and group creativity in service organizations.

The article presents abstracts pertaining to managerial and organizational cognition. They include "Advertising and Employees: Exploring the Impact of Discrepant Ads on Organizational Identification," "Aesthetic Interfaces: A Theory of Symbolic Differentiation," and "Closing Ranks: How a Collective Threat Shifts Salience from Organizational to Corporate Identity."

Natural Language Processing (NLP) has been extensively applied in design, particularly for analyzing technical documents like patents and scientific papers to identify entities such as functions, technical feature, and problems. However, there has been less focus on understanding semantic relations within literature, and a comprehensive definition of what constitutes a relation is still lacking. In this paper, we define relation in the context of design and the fundamental concepts linked to it. Subsequently, we introduce a framework for employing NLP to extract relations relevant to design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between culture and creativity has sparked the interest of researchers for decades. Although researchers have attempted to establish a connection between culture and creativity, the precise relationship between the two remains ambiguous. The current paper examined extant literature on the subject matter and synthesized the relations between culture and creativity in ideation over the past twenty years. The present study expounds upon the utilized samples, measures implemented to assess creativity and culture, and the study results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business transactions between companies are more and more executed by a flow of well-defined electronic business documents. The resulting inter-organizational business processes are often realized by concepts known from service-oriented computing. Exchanging a business document corresponds to a service call and the input/output of the service calls commonly follows a certain business document standard. However, these standards typically present the superset of all required elements used in any business context. In a specific context (in a specific industry, in a specific geopolitical region, etc.) the input/output is adjusted to this context by constraints on the generic structure. Accordingly, a specific service is always used in a specific context. It follows that it is important to define the business context of a service (in a structured format). For this purpose we have developed the Business Context Ontology model (BCOnt). In this paper we elaborate on the theoretical concepts and the underlying algorithms as well as on their implementation in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In ubiquitous computing, context-aware service oriented systems refer to applications that use so-called contextual information to provide appropriate services or relevant information to the user or other applications to perform a specific task. An important challenge in such applications is context modeling, using ontologies to model context information and to reason about context at a semantic level has attracted a lot of interest in the research community. However, most of the presented approaches do not usually take into account any software engineering method. Therefore, employing standard approaches to formulate the development process becomes of importance. In this paper, we present an overview of the architecture for the development of context aware services based on ontologies, we also present our context modeler based on ODM (Ontology Definition Metamodel) and model transformations that allows to generate an OWL ontology representing context information. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents abstracts on entrepreneurship topics which include the influence of tie-order on network emergence, a complexity science-based model for innovation and the formation of entrepreneurial enterprises, and fuzzy-set hierarchical classification of family businesses.

Design neurocognition is an emerging research area that can provide insights into the black box of designers' cognitive processes. However, work to date has focused on neurocognition on its own, without integrating this with other design measures. This paper presents the results of a pilot study which brings together designer neurocognition with design output and assessment of the design process followed in a constrained prototyping activity comparing use of physical and digital Lego. This was achieved via EEG data capture, a TLX survey and measures of design output variance. Differences between physical and digital prototyping methods were found with respect to Task Related Powers of EEG signals and the design process followed with digital prototyping methods found to take longer, require more effort and cause more frustration. No differences were found with regard to design output. Whilst the sample size used (n=12) was small, future studies will use large sample sizes to increase their statistical power and will consider alternative EEG or fNIRS to capture brain activity due to challenges with the headset used in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This section presents abstracts of articles on management, particularly managerial and organizational cognition. The article 'Breaking Away: An Empirical Examination of How Organizational Identity Changes During a Spin-Off,' reports on an empirical case study of the processes involved in one organization's identity change during their spin-off from a parent organization. The article 'Organizational Identity and Embodied Cognition: A Multi-Level Conceptual Framework' proposes that organizational identity is nested in an interrelated set of multiple-level processes, and it argues for an embodied cognition conceptualization of organizational identity. In the article 'Relational and Structural Network Correlates of Performance in Knowledge Intensive Work,' it is argued that individual performance in knowledge intensive work is likely affected by both relational and structural network characteristics.

The article presents abstracts on organizational behavior topics which include the congruence effects of leaders' and followers' proactive personality on follower work outcomes, the stress-performance relationship within a combined stress-justice framework, and the influence of abusive supervision and organizational factors on organizational citizenship behaviors.

This Work in Progress paper describes a five-year study where we apply a hot cognition framework to analyze the perspectives, experiences, and practices of faculty and students with regard to conceptual learning. Although this project focuses specifically on thermal sciences, the results are expected to be generalizable across engineering conceptual domains. The project involves three sequential phases, each guided by research questions and leading to five measurable outcomes that contribute to the understanding of intentionality and conceptual change. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

IDEAS represents an acronym depicting the Futuristic Thinking approach to develop entrepreneurial cognition resulting in improved new venture ideas. The use of this new approach will solicit a combination of multiple approaches to ensure quality business ideas. This paper is structured into five parts. The first part introduces the study indicating the need to develop a new process. The second part presents a comparison of the existing processes highlighting their shortcomings. The third part focusses on the discussion of research design. The description of the new process and its advantages is presented in the fourth, and evidence from the student reflections is discussed in the fifth part. The paper concludes with future research directions which will assist in enriching the entrepreneurship and innovation education and training experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the contrast between the embodied and the representative accounts of bodily presence in the sound and music of videogames. The latter highlights the aspects of experience that are of representations instead of direct presence, such as when the pain of the avatar is interpreted from the audial cues rather than felt as such. The contemporary view of embodied cognition has questioned it as an overly mechanistic and dualistic conception of mind that neglects the bodily and active aspects of lived experience. The view of embodied cognition considers the experience of game as an inherently bodily and world-involving activity, replacing the fundamental role of mental representations with that of direct interaction between the player and the game. In this paper, we aim to provide an outline of an enactive approach to auditory experience of games focusing especially on the role of the body in experiencing and making sense of the gameworld. We relate our discussion to ideas such as player involvement in terms of immersion, the acoustic ecology of videogames and the bodily basis of sensemaking in sensorimotor contingencies between sound and action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new classification for semantic structures of one-step word problems is proposed in this paper. The classification is based on illustrations of word problem situations in Common Core State Standards (CCSSM, 2010) and related historical studies (e.g. Weaver, 1973, 1979, 1982), as well as conceptual elaborations of embodied and grounded nature in Lakoff et al. (2000). The classification identifies two main classes: action on/change of an initial quantity and coordination/comparison of two quantities, providing a unifying characteristic of basic operations of quantities. This classification is more comprehensive and differentiated than the classification of CCSSM (2010) and Polotskaia et al. (2021), as it emphasizes conceptual demands of children's mathematics, coherence and continuity of progressions, and consistency with thinking modes and/or problem-solving strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]