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In this study, the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) addition as a co-template for the synthesis of magnetic mesoporous silica (MMS) composite was investigated. MMS was synthesized via solvothermal method using cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a template, iron trichloride hexahydrate as iron precursor, and tetraethyl orthosilicate as the silica source. All MMS materials were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) instruments. The characterization results showed that the addition of PEG as a co-template did not have a significant effect on the properties of MMS. All MMS showed relatively similar properties. MMS600 which was synthesized by adding 600 mg of PEG showed the most uniform spherical particles and the least agglomeration. MMS600 was then applied for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution via batch experiment. Adsorption of MB onto MMS600 was better explained using pseudo-second order kinetic model and Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of MMS600 for MB was 123.46 mg g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dual-functional graphite/TiO2 (G/ TiO2) nanocomposites were successfully prepared by physical pressure to form tablet construction and adding the voltage density to examine as an adsorption-photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) degradation against methyl orange (MO) organic dye. The mass variation of TiO2 pristine, graphite, and G/ TiO2 (1:1 and 1:2) were studied to observe the enhanced adsorption-PEC degradation. The results show that the G/ TiO2 nanocomposites has high distribution particles on the graphite surface. In addition, the XRD pattern was shown the TiO2 rutile and little anatase phase contained in TiO2-P25, and graphite has an especially characteristic peak on 2 thetas 26.5° and 54.5°. The adsorption-PEC degradation test was examined, where the 1:1 mass variation of G/ TiO2 substrate displays more superior adsorption-PEC degradation activity in a range time of 10-30 min. The hindrance of graphite saturation occurs with increasing times evaluation which concluded that the graphite was unable to absorb the wastewater. On the other hand, TiO2 displays high-PEC performance for degrading MO dye. The adsorption-PEC degradation activity of G/TiO2 nanocomposites in the treatment of MO dye indicates that it has prospective application in developing highly wastewater treatment for removing organic dyes in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last two centuries, new approaches to the synthesis of heterocycles have had a profound effect on organic and inorganic chemistry. Nanocatalysts play a significant role in the various filled of science. We present a unique and environmentally friendly method for the one-pot biosynthesis of zinc sulfide nanoparticlesin this research. XRD, FT-IR, EDX, TEM, and investigations described very stable and hexagonal phase ZnS. Nanoparticles are made from leaves extracted from BurmanniaCoelestis tender pods. The current approach for producing ZnS NPs is both efficient and cost-effective. The powder XRD pattern revealed that ZnS NPs formed a hexagonal tight packing configuration with an average crystallite size of 35.6 nm. Simple-shaped ZnS NPs with an average diameter of 60-80 nm are visible in the TEM image. The as-prepared ZnSNPs are good sonocatalysts for the degradation of organic dyes and the production of 2-benzimidazole derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of solar cells is improved by usingluminescent solar concentrators(LSC) devices. The devices consist of organic fluorescent pigments embedded in a matrix material. Pigment molecules diffuse in an appropriate manner to absorb sunlight and re-emit it by a process called fluorescence. Eight organic pigments and a PVA polymer matrix were selected for synthesizing the LSC. The tested dyes are Thionin, Cuomarin-151, Fluorescin complexone, Eiosin yellow, Rhodamin – B, Crystal violet, Nil blue, and Alizarengelb - GG Dyes. The selecting criteria are that all these pigments give emissions in the response area of the Si solar cell. All pigments showed good results and were able to raise the efficiency of the applied Silicon solar cell, but in varying proportions. The efficiency of the bare Si solar cell was 11.33%, We got the best results when using Thionin dye, where the efficiency value increased to17.32% while using Alizaringleb-GG gave the lowest result(7.15%). Many cascade LSCs werepreparedwith different thicknesses, and the efficiency improvement was observed in the range of 34.87% as the upper value and 12.27% as the lower one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles were prepared by the Co-Precipitation method for photocatalytic application. The X-ray diffraction analysisrevealed a single-phase crystalline naturewith a crystallite size of 13.80 nm. The SEM analysis shows analmost spherical morphology of the sample. The band gap is determined with the help of Tauc's plot and found to be 1.98 eV for Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4. The synthesized nanoparticles are used as photocatalysts for Rose Bengal dye degradation and were found to be 77.43% efficient in 50 minutes. Hence, the synthesized Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles have excellent application as a catalyst in organic dye degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, Pure and Er doped SnO2 (Er = 1%, 3%, 5% and 7%) nanoparticles have been synthesized by sol-gel method to investigate the degradation of harmful Rose bengal dye. Undoped and erbium-doped SnO2 nanoparticles formed a tetragonal rutile structure, as shown by X-ray diffraction. Oxygen vacancy concentration has been found to increase with an increase in dopant incorporation, according to photoluminescence analysis. Furthermore, the band gap was reduced up to 5% Er (Eg = 3.37 eV) in comparison to that of non-substituted SnO2 (Eg = 3.74 eV), with the creation of vacancy defects being the main cause. The photocatalytic results indicate that 96.94% Rose bengal dye have been degraded by Er 5% within 60 min under UV light irradiation, indicating Er 5% doped SnO2 is the most suitable catalyst to degrade industrial waste (organic dye) on a large scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Malachite green (MG) dye is a toxic cationic, azo soluble organic dye blamed for grievous health complications and aquatic pollution. The present study assesses the potential of cabbage waste powder (CWP) in the adsorptive removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution. Batch experiments were designed to evaluate the impact of dye concentration, temperature. pH, adsorbent dose, particle size and contact time in dye removal. Adsorption equilibrium was realized within 80 minutes with adsorption efficiency of 92.5% at pH 8. The percentage dye removal improved with rise in time of contact, adsorbent dose and surface area to volume ratio but declined with rise in temperature. FTIR analysis established numerous functional groups of lignocellulosic compounds on adsorbent, which greatly influenced dye removal. The sorption kinetics obeyed pseudo-second order kinetic model while the equilibrium data followed Freundlich isotherm model. These results prove that the cabbage waste powder is indeed a worthwhile, overabundant and environmentally safe biosorbent for adsorptive removal of organic dyes from textile wastewaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most promising alternatives from the point of view technology is to fabrication of solar cells sensitized with dyes natural as they have been shown to have a relatively high efficiency at a low cost of production. In particular, the motivation of the present research work is based in addition to the above mentioned, in the constant search for new materials and processes for the manufacture of solar cells. We are particularly interested in developing methods ecological and that are friendly with the environment. The present work reports the results obtained from the study of the manufacture and characterization of solar cells type DSSC (Dye Sensitized Solar Cells) with TiO2 sensitized with organic dyes obtained from cactus fruit and hibiscus flower. The electrodes were constructed with TiO2, through the deposit of Dr. Blade, while the conductive glass counter electrodes were coated with graphite of a common pencil and commercial iodine was used as electrolyte. The cactus fruit red ink extraction was carried out by extraction alcoholic using sodium carbonate, while hibiscus ink is obtained by maceration. Optical characterization of both dyes was carried out by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Adhesive tapes were used in the construction of the TiO2 electrodes to obtain different thicknesses and find an optimal thickness to have good efficiencies. The results of the characterizations showed that the sensitized cells with better efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study included the synthesis of CuCo2O4-MgO spinel composite, which was prepared by the co-precipitation method from their aqueous nitrates as starting materials, the prepared spinel composite was characterized by using XRD, FTIR, UV. Visible, AFM, and FESEM spectroscopies. Particles size of the prepared adsorbent surface was found ranging from 25 to 75 nm. As it has been applied in removing toxic organic dyes from textile industry wastewater. This study showed the best optimal conditions for removal of dye was: 30 minutes of adsorption time 0.005g of the surface adsorbent, 50 mg.L−1 of dye concentration, the best pH value of dye mixture solution equal to 5, at a temperature of 298K, gave a high removal of 97%, also found that the negative free energy (ΔG) and heat of reaction (ΔH) values, indicating that the reaction is spontaneous and exothermic, while the entropy value (ΔS) was positive, indicate that the occurrence of disturbance of water molecules around the dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Organic dyes are appealing optical substances in many applications in bio photonic and photonic. The present research includes study Non-linear optical peculiarities of Rhodamine 6G in disaccorded concentrations (0.03m M, 0.05 m M,0.1mM),a The nonlinear calculated included using (Z-Scan) technique. The measurements were achieved with using (CW) lasers at wavelengths (405nm, 473 nm, 532nm, 650nm) and with laser power of (1.49 mw, 4.35mw, 11, 56 mw, 5mw) respectively. The results showed that Nonlinear refraction index coefficient and nonlinear absorption coefficients increased with increasing the concentration of samples, the nonlinear refractive index n2 of Rhodamine 6G dye dissolved in Ethanol were detect that based upon the wave length of laser with concentration of sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, modelling and simulation of batch adsorption of organic dye of methylene blue (MB) by using modified metal-organic framework-5 (MOF-5) were investigated. The film-pore diffusion model was developed based on external mass transfer coefficient (kf) and pore diffusion coefficient (Dp) that governs the mass transfer process in batch organic dye adsorption. These two parameters were estimated using a program written in Matlab software by corresponding the simulation data with the experimental data obtained from previous study. Based on the findings, the estimated mass transfer coefficient and pore diffusion coefficient were 66.8 m/s and 2.15×10-7 m2/s, respectively. Applying the estimated parameters, the MB adsorptions by using modified MOF-5 were investigated to observe the effects of MOF-5 modification, initial dye concentration, temperature, and the dosage of adsorbent. It was found that the adsorption capacity of modified MOF-5 (H6P2W18O62/MOF-5) was higher than pure MOF-5. Besides, the lower initial MB dye concentration, higher temperature, and lower adsorbent dosage result in higher dye adsorption capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The remarkable progress of organic dye based on donor-π-acceptor concepts has been extensively studied to enhance carrier mobility, electrical performance and can perform function at an optimum level in advanced electrochemical energy devices. In this study, new organic additive for solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) has been successfully synthesized by incorporating fused aromatic azomethine (-CH=N-) dye in carboxy methylcellulose (CMC) with ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) based electrolyte. Assessment of the synthesized additive has been physico-chemically characterized via Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), UV-visible (UV-vis), 1D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis. Besides, DFT calculation revealed that the value of HOMO-LUMO gap exhibits semiconductor properties with the activation energy of 3.135 eV. The investigation of their capability as organic additive SPE has been discovered by incorporating CMC-NH4Cl via solution-casting technique. The structural analysis was conducted to study the effect of the atomic structure in correlation towards ionic and conductivity of newly develop SPE. The ionic conductivity of SPEs system has been measured using Impedance Spectroscopy with various weight percentage (wt%) of additive. The highest conductivity of SPEs at 303K was approximately ∼10-3 Scm−1 at 0.6 wt%. As a result, the incorporation of fused aromatic azomethine into the SPE has a great potential to be used for electrochemical device application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The improvement of Information Communication and Technology (ICT) affects the demand for electricity. Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) is an alternative for electricity supply. Research on organic dyes and capacitive touchscreen layers has been interesting recently. In conventional, Capacitive touchscreen layers use an Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) as a channel. Replacing the ITO substrate with an organic material for capacitive touchscreen coating is a promising approach. In addition to low cost, organic dyes have an efficiency of up to 0.86%. Compared to the efficiency of conventional DSSC (2-3%), this value is not bad. Research on organic dye is also in line with the concept of sustainability and environment friendly. In this work, organic dyes were extracted from red dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis). Extraction of red dragon fruit was carried out by maceration method with distilled water and the addition of citric acid. The TiO2 layer was deposition by slip casting method. The results showed that red dragon fruit extract contained anthocyanins from phytochemical screening tests and UV-Vis spectrophotometers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) is a cheap alternative energy option to overcome the world energy crisis. DSSC fabrication and characterization have been done as an organic dye. DSSC is a photo-electrochemical-based solar cell where organic color substances are used as sunlight absorbers and inorganic semiconductors as a place for the separation of electrical charges. DSSC can convert sunlight into electrical energy by using electrolytes as charge transfer. The study was conducted with dye from Red Dragon fruit skin and meat. The variations of immersion time of semiconductor TiO2 in the dye for 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours were also carried out. Characterization was conducted in low light 20 Watt LED light source. The test results obtained a higher and stable voltage and current in DSSC with dye from red dragon fruit in Ethanol compared to DSSC with dye red dragon fruit skin in Ethanol. Based on low-light characterization, we found the best Photo Conversion Energy (PCE) using red dragon fruit skin as dye were obtained at 48 hours immersion with a current of 1 mA, voltage of 2.5 mV, and efficiency of 0.0093%. The best PCE using red dragon fruit meat as the dye was obtained at 48 hours immersion with a current of 4.7 mA, voltage of 8 mV, and efficiency of 0.2394%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The non-linear optical characteristics of organic laser dyes (Acriflavine,Orcein, and Azur-B) dissolved in Ethanol solvent with concentration (10−5M) were investigated in this study. The UV-VIS spectrophotometer measures the spectra' linear optical characteristics. It was determined the nonlinear optical characteristics by using the Z-Scan method, which represents a very sensitive approach for obtaining two essential optical phenomena: nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption coefficient, in two different situations (close aperture) and (open aperture). The results indicate (Acriflavine,Orcein, and Azur-B) is a promising material to be used in photonic and nonlinear optical devices.An optical power limiter uses this promising medium for a range of optoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrotalcite as one of the advanced materials is applied in wide range of aspects like adsorption. This research aims to study the capability of the hydrotalcite like compound Mg-Al-CO3 material to remove the organic dye, namely, congo red and methylene blue in water through adsorption. Prior to the adsorption process, hydrotalcite like compound Mg-Al-CO3 was calcined within temperature ranges of 300-750°C. The adsorption process was carried out by batch method with variations in calcination temperature of the hydrotalcite material and variations in contacting time. The performance effectiveness of hydrotalcite was evaluated through the adsorption percentages based on the absorbance measurement data using the UV-Vis instrument. The results showed excellent hydrotalcite's capability of removing both organic dyes. Hydrotalcite calcined at 600°C was able to remove 94% of the organic dyes within 30 minutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have developed a technique for the synthesis of an aggregatively stable sol containing nanoparticles of both manganese dioxide and cobalt oxide. The paper considers the several colloidal chemical properties of sol and properties of the final layers. X-ray fluorescence analysis confirmed the presence of Mn, Co, and O on the membrane surface. Analysis of the X-ray diffraction diagram showed that the particles of the synthesized sol consist of manganese and cobalt compounds: MnO2 and Co3O4. Samples of deposited membranes were tested, in which the membrane showed the presence of catalytic activity in the reaction of dye oxidation. Due to atomic absorption spectroscopy, the leaching of each of the metals in the reaction mixture after the reaction is insignificant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TiO2−coated glass has been successfully prepared for practical water treatment application under UV-light irradiation. This work demonstrated the immobilized TiO2 powder on glass support using the dip-and spray coating method. The number of coating processes was varied to studies their effect on photocatalytic efficiency. The annealed process at high temperature was conducted to improve the adhesion of TiO2 powder to the glass substrates. Surface observation of the coating TiO2 showed that the dip-coating method has a better result than the spray coating method. All the glass surfaces can be covered by TiO2 perfectly, and this process did not affect the photocatalytic activity. Almost 100% of 4 ppm Rhodamine B could be decomposed by immobilized TiO2. The current research is potentially used as a standard method to immobilize TiO2 on the glass substrate on a larger scale in the future. Accordingly, separating the process between TiO2 and liquid-based solution after the photocatalytic process is more straightforward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of the dyes' potential toxicity and visibility in surface waters, the treatment of hazardous organic dyes has piqued the attention of many people. The heterogeneous photocatalysis using titanium (TiO2), the most promising technology to decolorize the chlorazol black BH dye. This photoreaction was followed to the pseudo-first-order with low activation energy (Ea), which equal to -24.202 kJ mol−1. Furthermore, the thermodynamic parameters were determined utilization the Arrhenius, Eyring-Polanyi, and Gibbs equations proved that this photoreaction was exothermic, with less random and non-spontaneous reaction. In addition, the optimum conditions were controlled with applied the artificial UV-A and found to be 500 mg TiO2 dose, initial pH value at 5.04, and 283.15 K for 100 minutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluorine doped Tin Oxide (FTO) was used as the substrate for the synthesis of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/ Zinc Oxide nanorods composites. The first composite was a layer-by-layer sample of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/ Zinc Oxide nanorods and the second was a mixed sample of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/ Zinc Oxide nanorods. Characterisation techniques including XRD, FE-SEM and UV-Visible spectroscopy were performed on both the composites to investigate the diffraction peaks, morphology and band gap energy, respectively. Dye degradation and Photoeletrochemical (PEC) performance of both the composites were studied and the results proved that the photocatalytic activity and the photoelectrochemical performance were improved by the incorporation of MWCNT with ZnO nanorods. The highest dye degradation of 64.44% and 39.57% under UV and AM1.5G illumination and the highest photocurrent density of 1.5x10−4 A/cm2 and 8.0x10−5A/cm2 under UV and AM1.5G illumination were achieved by the MWCNT/ZnO layer-by-layer sample. This makes MWCNT/ZnO nanorods layer-by-layer sample a promising candidate for the removal of organic dyes from waste waters and for the production of Hydrogen as a source of sustainable energy by using the abundant light energy for water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current work, the optical nonlinearities and optical limiting behaviors for mixture of two organic laser dyes: Rhoda mine B (RB) and Methyl violet (10B) dissolved in ethanol solvent at concentration (10−6) M, have been measured utilizing Z-Scan setup. The measurement was completed using continuous wave(CW) diode pump solid state laser at wavelength(457 nm) and power (84mW).The closed-case Z-scans of all samples give self-defocousing phenomena. The consequences of the open-case of all samples give two photon absorbtion. Non-linear optical properties of mixture dye is larger than those for single dyes. The results revealed that all samples can be a good candidate for optoelectronic and photonic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, non-linear optical properties of azure A organic laser dye, dissolved in ethanol solvent with concentration (10−4 M) have been studied. The linear optical properties measured by UV-VIS spectrophotometer device after investigated by Fourier translation infrared (FTIR).The nonlinear optical properties measured using a highly sensitive method known as Z-Scan technique, in two cases (close aperture) and (open aperture) for obtain two important optical phenomena: nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption coefficient. The result indicates that the sample of this dye show a negative nonlinear refractive index and two photon absorption (2PA). The results indicate (Azure A) is a promising material to be used in photonic and nonlinear optical devices. It can be used as a potential medium for various optoelectronic applications including that in optical power limiting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of sodium silicate with 3-(chloropropyl)triethoxysilane (CPTES) and tin chloride (SnCl2) was carried out at room temperature and pressure. The template (CPTES) was removed by calcinations at 500 οC and give solid tin onto silica (labeled as RHASn). The tetragonal structure of SnO2 confirms by XRD patterns onto the silica surface. A reduced carbon percentage with the presence of Sn onto silica after calcinations was deducted by elemental analysis. FT-IR recorded a vibration of Si-O-Sn; while UV-VIS-DR spectrum reflects that the Sn species in tetrahedral environments or hexacoordinated polymeric Sn-O-Sn type species could be formed. RHASn had 87.34 m2 gm−1 as a specific surface area and the pore size ranged between 2-5 nm falls in the microporous range. The RHASn prepared was applied as an adsorbent to remove the brilliant blue (BB) and methylene blue (MB) dyes from aqueous solutions. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used for investigating the significant variables that have a direct relationship with the BB and MB dyes removal i.e. RHASn dose, initial pH, temperature, and time. The obtained results showed a high removal percentage for BB and MB dyes, reached up 97.2 % and 98.1 %, respectively. This work indicates that the ability of RHASn to be an effective adsorbent in treating wastewater containing organic dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of this research activity was the treatment of water contaminated by the organic dye Blue Patent V, through the use of carbon nanotubes. To optimize the adsorption process, a system containing simultaneously carbon nanotubes and titanium oxide was also studied, followed by periods of exposure to sunlight for programmed times. As is known, titanium oxide is an important photo catalytic agent. In the latter case, the aim was to verify whether titanium oxide, in a first phase, could photodegrade the dye molecules into smaller components, which could subsequently be more easily adsorbed by carbon nanotubes. The system containing only carbon nanotubes proved highly efficient in reducing the concentration of dye, while the system containing carbon nanotubes and titanium oxide reported a lowering of the abatement efficiency compared to the system containing only nanotubes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The degradation of organic dyes using semiconductor nanoparticles (NPS) has been a hot topic of research in the research field for decades. Materials bandgap, crystallinity, stability, high surface to volume ratio, etc., are the factors affecting the dye degradation mechanism. A high surface area will create more active sites, which will increase the reaction speed during the degradation process. In this work, co-metal substituted ZnS (Znx(MnCo)0.5(1-x)S), and CoFe - ZnS composites were used as catalysts for the photodegradation process since the ZnS is a wide bandgap semiconductor material with the most negligible toxicity and high surface to volume ratio. Here authors studied structural and optical characterization of the synthesized material followed by dye degradation analysis using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Mainly Methylene blue, Rhodamine-B, and Sunset yellow dyes were used for the study, and the same was irradiated in visible light with the help of an as-prepared catalyst. Finally, the degradation rate of all three dyes was determined and compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]