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This chapter contains sections titled: Greek Warfare in the Archaic Age, The Era of Hoplite Dominance, The Athenian 'Empire', The Fourth Century [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the interaction of verbal and nonverbal information for conveying social dominance in intelligent virtual agents (IVAs). We expect expressing social dominance to be useful in applications related to persuasion and motivation; here we simply test whether we can affect users΄ perceptions of social dominance using procedurally generated conversational behavior. Our results replicate previous results showing that gaze behaviors affect dominance perceptions, as well as providing new results showing that, in our experiments, the linguistic expression of disagreeableness has a significant effect on dominance perceptions, but that extraversion does not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chapter 13 of the book "365 Ideas for Recruiting, Retaining, Motivating, and Rewarding Your Volunteers: A Complete Guide for Nonprofit Organizations" is presented. It offers ideas to motivate volunteers in order to make them stay for the long term. It provides suggestions to help the organization's leaders motivate different categories of human behavior style such as Dominance, Influence, Stability, and Conscientiousness (DiSC).

A chapter of the book "The Dog Trainer's Resource 2: The APDT Chronicle of the Dog Collection," edited by Mychelle Blake, is presented. It focuses on the word "dominance" in discussing dog behavior. It examines the relationship between dominance and aggression and the role it plays in human-dog interaction. It adds that aggression is used to establish or solidify the relationship.

Chapter 7 of the book "Anthropology & Development: Understanding Contemporary Social Change" is presented. It proposes differences between moral populism, miserabilism, methodological populism and ideological populism. It provides meanings of populism as a form of social relationship. It is stressed that populism in social sciences combines both a heuristic tendency and an ideological tendency which overlooks the effects induced by the internalization of domination.

Focuses on the clothing of the Imperial Court and the ruling class of ancient China. Significance of the costumes and clothing that Chinese people wore; Implication of the social hierarchy in Imperial China; Description of the costumes worn by Chinese officials. INSETS: The Season's Colors;Dressing Down;Ancient Wigs?.

The separation of people into categories is one of the most important ways in which one group asserts and maintains its dominance over another. It provides a basis for systematic discrimination and exclusion, and enables those who are dominant to treat those they dominate as different and inferior. Separation and exclusion can also, however, create situations that assist those who are dominated to organize themselves, establish their own identity, and challenge the dominant group. This article analyses issues related to separating out of distinct male and female identities in the nineteenth century. Domestic life became a female sphere and the public life of employment and politics a male sphere, particularly in the middle class. The separation of spheres excluded women but also stimulated and enabled the growth of the first feminist organizations. Partly as a result of organization women succeeded in entering some public areas but still found themselves subordinated by patriarchal institutions and practices. The nineteenth century also saw the separation of men and women as different sexes.

The article discusses feminist methods in sociology. The debates surrounding feminist methods encompass the biggest impact that feminism has made in sociology. Far greater than any impact feminism has made on theory, or in any empirical areas, the controversies aroused by 'feminist methods' have been angry, far-reaching and long-lasting. Issues of research methods, and of methodology have been central to feminist sociology for 30 years. There are debates among feminists, and between feminists and their critics/opponents about what topics to study, what methods to use to collect data, how to analyze those data and how to write them up. Over-arching these debates are serious methodological and epistemological disputes about the very nature of research. Since the 1970s there has been a philosophical debate about the nature of 'scientific' enquiry in Western capitalist societies, and whether its whole basis was actually contaminated by unexamined assumptions about masculinity versus femininity, male versus female, objectivity versus subjectivity, mind versus body and reason versus emotions.

Chapter Two of the book "Transforming the Field: Critical Antiracist & Anti-oppressive Perspectives for the Human Services Practicum" is presented. It highlights the traditional role of a field instructor, including the challenges and opportunities to effect change in the position. It also emphasizes the importance of examining whiteness, privilege, power and dominance to ensure that field education coordinators understand and embrace antiracist and anti-oppressive perspectives in all areas comprising field education.

The article presents chapter five of the book "Compassion: A New Philosophy of the Other," by Werner J. Krieglstein, part of the Value Inquiry Book Series. It discusses the partnership model that is present in the prehistoric times before the concept of domination takes place. It says that anthropologists and archeologists believe that it was Minoan civilization that shows partnership culture. It argues that societies will find the happiness in their relationship with other and with theirselves.

The article focuses on various issue related to the schooling and everyday life. A central debate in cultural studies and the sociology of knowledge can be characterized in terms of the distinction between insulation versus hybridity. Everything turns on what is meant by representation. It can be taken in a neoidealistic way to mean frameworks of thought, discourses, ideologies or theories, but it need not. The quantity of capital possessed by the actors determines their relative place and rank in the space of positions which constitutes the field. Just as habitus provides space for the possibility of individual choice and rational calculation outside the habituality of our dispositional inclinations, so education provides space for social mobility both up and down the social hierarchy. Domination operates through belief: external structures become internalized and the dominated become complicit in their own domination. Knowledge passes through the educational system via a series of reinterpretations called as 'recontextualizations.' The recontextualization of everyday material into the curriculum for diasadvantaged learners involves a twofold deformation.

Examines the traits of aggressiveness, dominance, and rigidity in dealing with the relationship of extraversion and introversion in opinion polls among communists. Discussion on aggressiveness as a concept of tough-mindedness; Assessment of social surveys about rigidity and dominance; Recommendations.

• This chapter provides a critical introductory analysis of some key concepts. • It is shown that there is a great amount of diversity in terms and concepts used within the field of social work and ethnicity. • Language and terminology in use tend to reflect relations of dominance and subordination. • Prejudice and discrimination permeate the tasks of social work. • An understanding of citizenship rights is crucial to the work of professionals working with minorities. • Language and terminology in use should be the subject of continual review since the social reality they reflect is contextual and changing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This section focuses on the semiotics of phallic aggression and anal penetration as male agonistic ritual in the book, Libro de buen amor. Phallic aggression signaled by phallic display is likely to be biologically inherent in human nature and related to the semiotic significance among many mammals of dominance mounting, where the defeated adversary, regardless of sex, is forced to assume the coital position of the female as an indicator of submission. In displays of violence, actual or threatened, oral and anal penetration serve equally well to humiliate an adversary.

The article offers the authors' insights on 7SE personality. The authors state that the systemic basis of the said type of personality receives an extrinsic component, leaving the instrinsic in the shadows. They mention that action and thought predominate over emotion in 7SE personalities, while its dominant characteristics is analogical intellect, active, and planning with considerable extrinsic energy.

The article focuses on women's discovery and their process of response towards child sexual abuse. Women did not start from the premise that a choice between the abuser and the child was necessary and several attempted, with varying degrees of success, both to keep the family together and to prevent the abuse recurring. Neither did they always assume that the abuse should be reported to agencies. It is sometimes assumed that women who do not separate immediately from an abusive partner or who do not report to agencies are thereby colluding with the abuse. This implies there is only one correct course of action to take on the discovery of sexual abuse in the family and ignores both the complexity of the situation and the risk-taking nature of child-rearing in general. Women's responses are influenced by personal as well as public constraints. Their difficulties in making a decision in such a situation of moral conflict reflect not only the social and economic costs involved but also the effects of male dominance on women's psychological development.

The article discusses the pathways through which inequality and loss of social cohesion are likely to affect health. Looking particularly at the biological effects of chronic stress, the article shows some of the similarities between the effects of social hierarchy among baboons and among civil servants working in London. The article ends by describing some important recent research results showing the effects of psychosocial factors on children's growth which have powerful implications for their later emotional well-being and career chances. For many years Robert Sapolsky has been studying wild baboons in the Serengeti and has shown some of the physiological effects of social dominance among them. He studies only adult males because 80 per cent of the females are pregnant or nursing and the anaesthetic darts he uses could endanger the pregnancies and disrupt the care of the young. He describes baboons as having to spend only about 4 hours a day foraging, leaving 12 hours a day for social behaviour.

The article argues that capitalism, far from requiring patriarchal domination, actually undermines patriarchal power by transforming the nature of the household unit. It states that insofar as patriarchy survives, it is largely a defensive ideological reaction against socio-economic changes, which erode male dominance in both the public and private spheres. An implicit theme of this presentation is that the transition from early to late capitalism is more important in the transformation of the household unit than the transition from feudalism to capitalism. The article points out that the concept of "patriarchy" has become central to feminist theory. The analysis of patriarchy is clearly important for the development of feminist politics, but it equally raises major issues for both Marxism and sociology. At the nub of these issues lies the question of economic determinism. Defined simply as the domination and subordination of women by men, patriarchy as a power structure appears to exist under a variety of modes of production, such as slavery, feudalism and capitalism. While it has a specific relationship to the household and to capitalism, it exists outside the household and often persists

This article focuses on modes of domination in society. In societies which have no self-regulating market, no educational system, no juridical apparatus, and no State, relations of domination can be set up and maintained only at the cost of strategies which must be endlessly renewed, because the conditions required for a mediated, lasting appropriation of other agents' labour, services, or homage have not been brought together. Paradoxically, it is precisely because there exist relatively autonomous fields, functioning in accordance with rigorous mechanisms capable of imposing their necessity on the agents, that those who are in a position to command these mechanisms and to appropriate the material and/or symbolic profits accruing from their functioning are able to dispense with strategies aimed at expressly and directly at the domination of individuals, a domination which in this case is the condition of the appropriation of the material and symbolic profits of their labour. Economic power lies not in wealth but in the relationship between wealth and a field of economic relations, the constitution of which is inseparable from a development of a body of specialized agents, with specific interests.

The article presents an analysis of the place of crime and punishment. It describes the function of crime and punishment in the mode of domination by distinguishing three levels of analysis: an interpersonal, an organizational, and a societal level. These levels are characterized by the height of abstraction of unites of analysis--people interacting, organized apparatuses, self-identified cultures and subcultures. The present and some-centuries-old capitalist mode of production as well as mode of domination can be described as a complicated web of four contradictory and mutually supporting forms: the defining form of capitalist domination is the commodity form, i.e. 'alienated' production and definition of everything according to its marketability. As an additional aspect of sub-cultural solidarity in voluntary communities as a basis of power that can be put to the service of the market, social discipline and patriarchy or can be turned against them. 'Crime and punishment' is just one institution in that mode of domination, determined by and using all those forms.

The article presents discussion on different mechanism of racial discrimination in criminal justice system and analyses empirical evidence illustrating each mechanism. Using social dominance theory as a general framework, authors that both institutional discrimination and self-handicapping criminality among members of subordinate groups are complementary mechanisms contributing to the establishment and maintenance of group-based systems of social hierarchy. Although societies differ in the degree to which they are hierarchically organized and the basis for these social hierarchies, social dominance theory posits that the means by which group-based hierarchies are established and maintained are similar across social systems. Using these assumptions about the hierarchy-enhancing function of the law and the criminal justice system, authors can derive a number of hypotheses concerning the way the criminal justice system functions within hierarchically organized social systems. These principles are assumed to have broad transcultural and transhistorical generality, they take on the appearance of general laws, so they are called the "laws of law."

An essay is presented on patriotism's demilitarized concept. It explores how patriotism can be moderated by replacing its undesirable features such as superiority, dominance, and exclusive concern, with more reasonable alternative. It also mentions the need for patriots to care for their fellow citizens, as well as for their country. It adds that genuine patriotism enables one to have some criticism over government policies in certain situations.

This article presents a definition of the term DUTCH POETRY. The earliest monuments of D. p. are the works of Hendrik van Veldeke, a Fleming who lived during the latter part of the 12th c. The absence of any older vernacular lit. may be attributed to the dominance of Lat. in both courtly and ecclesiastical circles, a dominance which persistently complicated the lit. hist. of the Low Countries.

This section presents a discussion domination and legitimacy. Domination has been defined as the probability that certain specific commands or all commands will be obeyed by a given group of persons. It thus does not include every mode of exercising, power or influence over other persons. Domination in this sense may be based on the most diverse motives of compliance: all the way from simple habituation to the most purely rational calculation of advantage. Hence every genuine form of domination implies a minimum of voluntary compliance, that is, an interest based on ulterior motives or genuine acceptance in obedience. Not every case of domination makes use of economic means; still less does it always have economic objectives. However, normally the rule over a considerable number of persons requires a staff, that is, a special group which can normally be trusted to execute the general policy as well as the specific commands. The members of the administrative staff may be bound to obedience to their superior by custom, by effectual ties, by a purely material complex of interests, or by ideal motives.

Chapter 7 of the book "The Earth Trembled," by Edward P. Roe is presented. Many years have elapsed since the civil war of South Carolina and North Carolina, the life of Mary Wallingford was destroyed by the death of her husband and father. Mary's agony had deprived her daughter Mara of the natural and joyous impulses of childhood and youth because the offspring was given to Mrs. Hunter and grew under her manipulation and dominance.

An encyclopedia entry for "Dominance" is presented. It is noted that knowledge of dominance is significant when it comes to studying crime. American psychologist Abraham Maslow concluded in his study that women are either high-dominance, medium-dominance or low-dominance. The relation between dominance and crime was seen in experiments conducted by zoologist John B. Calhoun.