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For detection of massive close-in exo-planets around other stars, a contrast of ~ 0.3 % is sufficient and can be achieved with state-of-the-art single-mode fibers as spatial filter. For lower-mass planets, much higher accuracy is neccessary. Apart from the atmosphere, there are several sources of noise which degrade the phase stability of interferometers based on bulk optics by changes in the optical path.For direct detection of low-mass exo-planetsand for direct observation of convection on giant stars, our two main science goals, as well as for secondary science goals such as lower-mass faint circumstellar disks aroundboth nearby low-mass stars as well as more distant high-mass stars and for the direct detection of close spectroscopic binary (T Tauri) stars and to follow their orbits for direct dynamical mass determination, we need more than two apertures to fill the uv-plane, again very complicated with bulk-optics. Integrated optics allows to solve these problems and to minimize the components. We have experiences in the development and fabrication of integrated-optical circuits and modulators in various wavelength ranges, i.e. from visible to the telecommunication band, as well as integrated-optical sensor systems like interferometers. Starting from two channel interferometers for the J-band at 1.55 μ m based on Lithiumniobat, we will develop multi-channel-interferometer systems for longer wavelengths. Such systems with new materials and fibers for the near- and thermal infrared can then be used, e.g., for 2nd Gen VLTI instrumentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comic strip about the end of a blizzard in prairie towns in the Dakota Territory and Nebraska and the pioneers' search for their missing family members and livestock is presented.

A comic strip on how teachers and students in prairie towns in the Dakota Territory and Nebraska faced a blizzard on January 12, 1888 is presented.

A comic strip about a blizzard strike in prairie towns of the Dakota Territory and Nebraska on January 12, 1888 is presented.

A comic strip about an approaching winter storm in the Dakota Territory and Nebraska on January 12, 1888 is presented.

A general method for selenium and sulfur substructure determination using the Shake-and-Bake (SnB) algorithm as implemented in SnB in conjunction with anomalous difference E magnitudes is presented. The protocol can be used for Se-Met multiwavelength anomalous diffraction, seleneomethionine single anomalous diffraction (SAD), S-SAD and S/Se-single isomorphous replacement with anomalous scattering data and with minor modifications for other heavy atom derivatives, such as the location of halides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In conventional active noise control experiments, loudspeakers are used to generate the secondary anti-phase sound field to be superimposed destructively with the sound waves radiated from the primary source. In the present study, aerodynamic sound sources are used to actively control the tonal noise of an axial fan. This is achieved by disturbing the flow field around the blade tips in such a way that additional periodic forces are set up which in turn form the secondary sound sources. To disturb the flow, air is blown into the blade tip region through the casing wall. The resulting aerodynamic sound sources are adjustable in both amplitude and phase. Results for automatic control of the blade passing frequency are presented along with flow measurements in the interstage regime between rotor and stator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comic strip documenting the clean up after a laboratory experiment is presented.

A comic strip documenting on how to handle accidents during a laboratory experiment is presented.

A comic strip documenting on how to work safely in doing a laboratory experiment is presented.

A comic strip documenting preparations for a laboratory experiment is presented.

In spite of being relatively small, Vietnam is one of the 15 richest countries in the world in terms of genetic resources. This wealth is a consequence of its natural and socio-cultural circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commonly developed gradient concept introduced in the presentation of Doppler et al. was again utilised in the present investigation. However, while Doppler et al. followed a three tier system of high mountain zones, sloping areas in the intermediate zone and urban centres in the lowland, this study focused mainly on the intermediate zone and the lowland areas near towns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the problem of an active adversary physically manipulating computations of a cryptographic device that is implemented in circuitry. Which kind of circuit based security can ever be guaranteed if all computations are vulnerable towards fault injection? In this paper, we define physical security parameters against tampering adversaries. Therefore, we present an adversarial model with a strong focus on fault injection techniques based on radiation and particle impact. Physical implementation strategies to counteract tampering attempts are discussed. Keywords: Fault Analysis, Tamper-Proof Hardware, Physical Security, Implementation Attack, Adversarial Model, Fault Prevention, Error Detection, Fault Detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temple Smith: Welcome to Biocomplexity this morning. My name is Temple Smith from Boston University and I will be chairing the sessions this morning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution presents a new approach to optimize the efficiency of differential side channel cryptanalysis against block ciphers by advanced stochastic methods. We approximate the real leakage function within a suitable vector subspace. Under appropriate conditions profiling requires only one test key. For the key extraction we present a ‘minimum principle' that solely uses deterministic data dependencies and the ‘maximum likelihood principle' that additionally incorporates the characterization of the noise revealed during profiling. The theoretical predictions are accompanied and confirmed by experiments. We demonstrate that the adaptation of probability densities is clearly advantageous regarding the correlation method, especially, if multiple leakage signals at different times can be jointly evaluated. Though our efficiency at key extraction is limited by template attacks profiling is much more efficient which is highly relevant if the designer of a cryptosystem is bounded by the number of measurements in the profiling step. Keywords: Differential Side Channel Cryptanalysis, Stochastic Model, Minimum Principle, Maximum Likelihood Principle, Power Analysis, DPA, Electromagnetic Analysis, DEMA, Template Attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The automotive industry has developed electronic immobilizers to reduce the number of car thefts since the mid nineties. However, there is not much information on the current solutions in the public domain, and the annual number of stolen cars still causes a significant loss. This generates other costs particularly regarding the increased insurance fees each individual has to pay. In this paper we present a system model that captures a variety of security aspects concerning electronic immobilizers. We consider generic security and functional requirements for constructing secure electronic immobilizers. The main practical problems and limitations are addressed and we give some design guidance as well as possible solutions. Keywords: Electronic Immobilizer, Transponder, Motor Control Unit, RFID, Mafia Attack, Distance Bounding, Trusted Computing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important challenges for Bioinformatics is the simulation of a single cell, even if we restrict ourselves to simple models of the molecular networks responsible for the behavior of organisms. The challenge involves not only the development of experimental techniques to obtain kinetic parameters that characterize the myriad reactions occurring inside cells, but also computational approaches able to simulate and test the complex models generated. These systems have stochastic behavior; they can take different paths depending on environmental conditions. We can describe them using stochastic models that have a high computational cost, but the simulations can be performed efficiently on distributed architectures like grids and clusters of computers. In this work we describe an implementation of a computational architecture to execute this kind of large scale simulation using a grid infrastructure. We validate the proposed architecture using experiments in order to estimate its performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gene expression on prokaryotes initiates when the RNA-polymerase enzyme interacts with DNA regions called promoters, where are located the main regulatory elements of the transcription process. Despite the improvement of in vitro techniques for molecular biology analysis, characterizing and identifying promoters is a complex task. In silico approaches are used to recognize theses regions. Nevertheless, they confront the absence of a large set of promoters to identify conserved patterns among the species. Hence, a methodology able to predict them on any genome is a challenge. This work proposes a methodology based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), Decision Threshold Estimation and Discrimination Analysis. For three investigated prokaryotic species, the mainly results are: a reduction in 44.96% of recognition error rate compared with previous works on Escherichia coli, an accuracy of 95% on recognition and 78% on prediction for Bacillus subtilis. However, it was found a large number of false positives on Helicobacter pylori. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chapter 64 of the book "Peterson's Principles of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery" is presented. This chapter focuses on blepharoplasty, which is frequently performed either as an adjunctive procedure or as a freestanding operation. A thorough understanding of the topography of the upper two-thirds of the face is essential for successful eyelid surgery. Postoperative interventions seek to limit edema and ecchymosis and prevent post-operative bleeding.

This paper describes the problem of modelling toxicity of environmental pollutants using molecular descriptors from a systems theoretical viewpoint. It is shown that current toxicity modelling problems systematically incorporate very high levels of noise a priori. By means of a set of individual and combined models self-organised by KnowledgeMiner from a high-dimensional molecular descriptor data set calculated within the DEMETRA project we suggest a way how results interpretation and final decision making can effectively take into account the huge uncertainty of toxicity models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the academic pursuits of philosopher and social scientist W. E. B. Du Bois in the 1920s. In his valedictory speech in Fisk University, he asked why was there no Fisk alumnus who studies in Europe. Du Bois was the first African American scholar who confronted a U.S. President. It was his passion to achieve a doctorate degree in Germany, a country with superior academic institutions at the time. He failed to receive the degree because he lacked tuition for another required semester.

The article presents introduction to the book "Missions of the Southern Coast." This book focuses on the three missions at the southern end of California's coast. Missionaries founded San Diego de Alcalá, the first and southernmost mission in the chain, in 1769. San Juan Capistrano is north of San Diego, California, and was set up as the seventh mission in 1776. San Luis Rey de Francia, the eighteenth mission, was built in 1798 between San Diego de Alcalá and San Juan Capistrano. Founded by Spain, the California Missions are located on a narrow strip of California's Pacific coast. The goal of the Spanish mission system in North America was to make Indians accept Spanish ways and become loyal subjects of the Spanish king.

Missions might have stayed in ruins had it not been for the work of a few artists and writers. But in the late 1800's, paintings and photos that showed the haunting beauty of the mission remains attracted public interest. In 1884 author Helen Hunt Jackson published a novel "Ramona," about early California, and people throughout the country were drawn by the dramatic history of the California missions. Drawn by the mission's history and beauty, he got permission from the Roman Catholic Church to restore the mission so it could hold services once again. Some of the most dramatic events in California's history took place beneath the red-tiled roofs and behind the whitewashed adobe walls of the southern coast missions. INSET: Two Sides to the Story.

Located along the southernmost points of El Camino Reá l, the missions of San Diego de Alcalá, San Luis Rey de Francia, and San Juan Capistrano may be characterized as the southern coast missions. Because San Diego de Alcalá was the first mission in what is now California, the settlement had more difficulty getting started than did the missions that followed. Mission San Diego de Alcalá. Father Serra was pleased with the mission site for San Diego de Alcalá. Communication between the Spaniards and the Native Americans was difficult because the groups spoke different languages. With its varied economic activities, Mission San Luis Rey produced many of the goods that the padres, soldiers, and neophytes required for survival. INSETS: Untitled;Pablo Tac.

The early 1800's marked a time of trouble for Spain. Spain had little to spare for its settlements in Alta California. The Franciscan priests no longer relied on New Spain for supplies. Instead the missions depended mainly on goods produced by the neophytes. The settlers and soldiers were frustrated by Spain's economic and political problems. Eventually, the U.S. government moved many Native Americans onto reservations. The U.S. government returned the churches and some of the mission land to the Roman Catholic Church in the 1850's and the 1860's.

Between the Pacific Ocean and the coastal mountain ranges of southwestern California, the landscape looks like a wrinkled bedsheet. Native Americans were the first people to settle the warm southwestern region. The Shoshonean and Yuman-speakers usually set up their villages along creeks or on riverbanks, where a fresh water supply was available. Dusting off the old maps, Spanish officials studied Aha California. On July 16, 1769, Father Serra planted a cross next to the chapel and said the Catholic mass. This religious service formally established San Diego de Alcalá the first California mission. INSETS: Eating Acorns;Burning the Chaparrals;Untitled;Untitled

The clinical aspects of biocompatibility require a clear definition as the title could be misleading. We shall discuss the meaning of biocompatibility in its current usage in haemodialysis therapy and the clinical associations claimed to relate in part or toto from bioincompatible events derived from haemodialysis therapy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information about blizzards in the U.S. in 1888. On January 12, a severe blizzard hit the prairie towns of the Dakota Territory and Nebraska. During that storm, a teacher named Minnie Mae Freeman helped her students survive the storm. Two months later, a storm dropped 21 inches of snow in New York City, with winds blowing at 75 miles per hour. Nearly 400 died during that storm.

The religious beliefs and traditions of the Indians of California teach that the blessings of a rich land and a mild climate are gifts from the Creator. Indians show their love and respect for the Creator, and for all of creation, by carefully managing the land for future generations and by living in harmony with the natural environment. Perhaps one of the key lessons to be learned from an honest and evenhanded account of California's missions is that the Indians had something important to teach Spaniards and the people who came to the region later.

Each year thousands of tourists and students visit the California missions. People's understanding of the missions also has changed through the years. Missionaries, visitors, novelists, and scholars have expressed different opinions about the California missions. These observers often have disagreed about the impact of the missions on the Indians in California. Many early visitors were truly concerned about the mistreatment of Native Americans. For everybody, the missions continue to stand as reminders of a difficult and painful time in California history.

Pío Pico, a Californian, was born at Mission San Gabriel in 1801. He grew up in San Diego, California, and managed a store for a time. Pico later got involved in politics and briefly served as governor after overthrowing the previous officeholder in 1831. Pico was named administrator of San Luis Rey de Francia around 1835. Like many Californians, Pico gained much land and wealth after secularization. In fact, Pío Pico obtained a 133,400-acre rancho that had once belonged to nearby Mission San Juan Capistrano. In 1845 Pico again became governor.

Julio César, a neophyte, was born around 1824 at San Luis Rey de Francia. He described the mission as very rich with herds of cattle and goats and fields of wheat and corn. After secularization Mission San Luis Rey was run by various civil administrators, including Pío Rico. As Mission San Luis Rey began to fall into ruin, César moved on. For the rest of his life, he worked odd jobs throughout California and in Mexico, loading ships, carrying water, mining gold, and breaking horses.

The ISOPHOT instrument aboard ISO has been used to search for extended FIR emission from intracluster dust in six Abell clusters. Except for Abell 1656, no clear evidence for a systematic trend in the $I_{120\mu m}/I_{180\mu m}$ surface brightness ratios was found. Any existing intracluster dust is weak (< 0.1 MJy sr-1) or has properties quite similar to the foreground galactic cirrus, in which case it will not show up in the FIR color profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information about the career profile of the author Nancy Lemke of the book "Missions of the Southern Coast."

The article presents information about the career profile of consultants James J. Rawls and Edward D. Castillo of the book "Missions of the Southern Coast."

The article presents a historical chronology of events related to California missions that appeared in the book "Missions of the Southern Coast."

The article presents a pronunciation guide for terms used in the book "Missions of the Southern Coast."

The article presents a glossary of terms that appeared in the book "Missions of the Southern Coast."