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There are no particular differences between academic and industrial liquid chromatography chiral separations. In industry, throughput needs and time requirements force for a search for solutions, i.e., enantiomeric full separations, without time for additional investigations that could lead to an even better solution. The three-point interaction model is historically recalled and challenged. The established mechanisms on the large variety of commercially available chiral stationary phases are rapidly described. The chapter finishes with examples taken from actual enantiomeric separations encountered in a pharmaceutical environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chapter 12 of the book "Drug-Acceptor Interactions: Modeling Theoretical Tools to Test and Evaluate Experimental Equilibrium Effects," by Niels Bindslev is presented. It discusses the effects of combining two or more drugs, two or more substrates, and in general two or more ligands that have challenged a broad segment of scientists in a number of research fields. It introduces the concepts of synergy and isobolograms that are more frequently used in studies on organs and whole organisms.