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The management of gynecologic cancers has historically been guided by a clinically-oriented staging system, based largely on physical examination and standard imaging studies including CT of the abdomen and pelvis. This has more recently been supplemented by pre-treatment MRI and functional imaging, as well as imaging biomarkers. This chapter will focus on the most common gynecologic malignancies, discussing the clinical, pathological, and treatment-related factors that influence clinical outcome as well as the influence of biomarkers on prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pathologie is the property of Springer Nature / Books and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pathologie is the property of Springer Nature / Books and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pathologie is the property of Springer Nature / Books and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pathologie is the property of Springer Nature / Books and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer has to date been mainly predicted on the basis of clinical and histopathologic items, with the TNM stage appearing to be the most imp [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a novel scheme for cell nucleus segmentation which is multi-scale space level set method. Under this scheme, all nuclei of interest in a microscopic image can be segmented simultaneously. The procedure includes three stages. Firstly, the mathematical morphology method is used to search seed points to localize interested nuclei. Secondly, based on the distribution of these seed points, a level set function is initialized. Finally, the level set function evolves and eventually stops zero level set contours at the boundaries of nuclei labeled by seed points. The evolution in the last stage is a three phase evolution. In each phase, information of different scale spaces is employed. This method was tested by truthful microscope images of lymphocyte, which proved its robustness and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The medical profession classifi es abortion as induced or spontaneous. The lay public, however, tends to equate the term abortion with one that is induced, whether therapeutically, self, or criminal, and to associate the term miscarriage with spontaneous abortion (Beard et al. 1985). Spontaneous abortion is usually defi ned as the involuntary loss of a conceptus before the fetus has attained viability (World Health Organization 1970). Although this appears to be a simple defi nition, there are numerous diffi culties with it. First, the gestational age at which the fetus attains viability is subject to much debate, especially with the advent of improved medical care of infants who are born prematurely or are of very low birth weight. Second, the legal criteria on viability of the fetus varies among jurisdictions, and definitions of spontaneous abortion have been given as a pregnancy loss at gestational ages varying up to between 20 and 28 weeks (World Health Organization 1970). These differences make it diffi cult to compare data, and a new defi nition–˵complete loss of conceptuses weighing less than 500g or, when birth weight is unavailable, the corresponding gestation age (22 weeks) or body-length (25 cm crown–heel), irrespective of whether or not there is any sign of life″–is recommended (World Health Organization 1975). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kompendium Internistische Onkologie is the property of Springer Nature / Books and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praxis der Viszeralchirurgie is the property of Springer Nature / Books and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)