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The teeth are implanted in depressions within alveolar bone and are surrounded by the periodontium which consists of bone, a suspensory ligament (the periodontal ligament), cementum on the root surface, and gingiva. In health, the bone tissue is located approximately 2 mm below the cementoenamel junction which separates the crown of the tooth and its root from the bone (Fig. 9.1). From a functional viewpoint, the periodontium is a unique, very dynamic and adaptable tissue. The periodontal ligament has one of the fastest turnover rates of connective tissue in the body and maintains its dimensions even if the teeth are moved or the ligament is regenerated. At the same time, the periodontium provides support for the tooth, resists biting forces, and, importantly, provides a seal around the tooth. It is important to recognize that the tooth is a solid structure that extends from inside the body to outside the body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A definition of the medical term "crown" is presented. Crown refers to the top or highest part of an organ, tooth, or other structure, such as the top of the head. Anatomical term identifies this as the part of a tooth extending from the cementoenamel junction to the occlusal surface or the incisal edge. The definition is from the "Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary," published by F. A. Davis Co. The pronunciation of the term is also provided.

A definition of the medical term "abfraction" is presented. Abfraction is refers to deterioration of the tooth in the region of the cementoenamel junction which is thought to result from flexion of the tooth under heavy lateral load. The definition is from the "Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary," published by F.A. Davis Co. The pronunciation of the word is also provided.