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A chronology that deals with attainments in science, economics and everyday life in China, from a chapter of the book "Columbia Chronologies of Asian History & Culture," is presented. The people are making silk in 1500 B.C. and war chariots come into use in military campaigns. Construction begins on a system of imperial highways in 220 B.C. From 66--64 B.C., the government lowers the price of salt and reduces taxes to ease distress in a period of economic hardship. During the 4th century, fighting devastates the countryside and depresses commerce.

Chapter VII of the Fourth Book of the book "Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ," by Lew Wallace is presented. It features Ben-Hur's encounter with Malluch, a merchant of Antioch, who served as his company on their way to the stadium. It highlights the scene of the racing chariots where Ben-Hur saw Messala, his childhood friend and greatest enemy.

The poem "Achilles Over the Trench," by Alfred Lord Tennyson is presented. First Line: SO saying, light-foot Iris pass'd away. Last Line: Among their spears and chariots.

The poem "The Plougher" by Padraic Colum is presented. First Line: SUNSET and silence ! A man : around him earth; Last Line: chariots, purples and splendours.

This paper presents a systematic approach for the reconstruction of all possible topological structures of lost ancient Chinese mechanisms. This approach utilizes the idea of creative mechanism design methodology to converge the divergent conceptions from the results of literature studies to a focused scope, and then applies the mechanical evolution and variation method to obtain feasible reconstruction design concepts that meet the scientific and technological standards of the subjects΄ time period. Three examples, such as south pointing chariots, Zhang Heng΄s seismoscope, and Su Song΄s escapement regulator, are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information about military horses. For thousands of years, horses have carried soldiers into war. The very first military horses charged onto the battlefield in about 2000 B.C. These animals pulled chariots as soldiers fired arrows or spears at the enemy. Early horses were too small and weak to support a person's weight. So people began breeding larger ones with stronger muscles. Many different breeds of horses were used for military work. The Huns rode small shaggy ponies.

No nation was ever ruined by trade. Vicissitudes of fortune, which spares neither man, nor the proudest of his achievements, which buries empires and cities in a common grave. PRE-ROMAN TIMES War, trade, imperialism, and colonialism are all powerful vectors of new tastes that propel them across cultural barriers. Invasions such as that of the Indo-Europeans or Aryans – a warrior class using horse-drawn chariots – brought about, after 1800 bce, new power structures in North Africa, western Asia, and India, with the Aryan impact also felt in Greece, Italy, and Central Europe. One group of Aryans became the Hittites who occupied eastern Asia Minor, while another united with Semitic raiders of the Arabian desert to become those Hyksos who conquered Egypt's Middle Kingdom from a base in Palestine. The Indo-Europeans, called “shepherd kings” by the Egyptians, introduced livestock in a way it had never been introduced before. In the midst of this cultural confusion was Phoenicia (now modern Syria and Lebanon), the land of Canaan and a site of early olive-tree cultivation. It was also home to the Phoenicians, who had grown sophisticated under multiple conquerors and had become wide-ranging Mediterranean traders and colonizers. They were also the developers of Mesopotamian writing into an alphabet. They had earlier cut their business teeth trading grain, honey, oil, and wine with Damascus, Judah (in southern Palestine), and Israel, and by 1000 bce had expanded operations by establishing trading colonies as far away as Carthage in North Africa and Cadiz in the Iberian peninsula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chapter VI of the book "Cyropaedia: The Education of Cyrus," by Xenophon is presented. It narrates the conversation between Cyrus the Persian, his friend Hystaspas and Gadatas, the eunuch about the disbanding of the army. It highlights the arrival of ambassadors from India with gifts of courtesy and a message from their king that it desired to become a friend of Cyrus and told his men to do whatever the latter command.

Presents "CHAPTER XXXIX" from the book "Uarda: A Romance of Ancient Egypt -- Complete" by Ebers, Georg, 1837-1898.

Chapter 9 of Book of Leviticus from the book "Expositions of Holy Scripture: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus and Numbers," by Alexander Maclaren. It tells how Moses leads the Israelites out of Egypt and through the wilderness to Mount Sinai. In addition, it recounts how God, through Moses, gives the Israelites their laws and enters into a covenant with them.

Chapter 8 of Book of Leviticus from the book "Expositions of Holy Scripture: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus and Numbers," by Alexander Maclaren. It tells how Moses leads the Israelites out of Egypt and through the wilderness to Mount Sinai. In addition, it recounts how God, through Moses, gives the Israelites their laws and enters a covenant with them.

Presents "CHAPTER VIII" from "Joshua -- Complete" by Ebers, Georg, 1837-1898.

Chapter 7 of the book "Everyday Life: Ancient Times, 2005" is presented. It describes the means of transportation and communication during ancient times. According to the author, transportation in early days have been closely linked to water travel. Land transportation was at first a matter of walking but later on goods began to be moved by donkey, and then horse and chariot. With regard to communication, it is said that Egyptians were the first to make use of a regular postal system.