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Although ArF immersion exposure tools are now widely expected to be used for the 45nm node, 4x optical masks for 45nm must meet many severe requirements, and fullfield 4x projection optics with NA > 1 may have to be catadioptric. Changing the lens reduction factor to 8x may greatly reduce costs, both for masks and optics. Although such a system would have a lower throughput, there are ways tc mitigate that impact, which would be important cnly for chips with production runs > 8000 wafers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses resolution enhancement technologies (RET) used in optical lithography. Overview of alternating phase shift masks (PSM); Cost of application of RET; Application of off-axis illumination to mimic the two-beam imaging found in PSM.

The costs of changing to 8x magnification outweigh the benefits. The lowest net cost lithography for short-run chips in the 45nm era may occur on a 4x scanner that does not use the full 26x33mm field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before you can reliably assess the quality of images a display presents, you first need to fine-tune the display for utmost accuracy. Imaging science long ago figured out that the human visual system notices luminance errors more readily than it does chrominance inaccuracies. This fact is at the heart of the bandwidth-limited color portion of the NTSC (National Television Standards Committee) broadcast spectrum, and it's also the foundation of the color subsampling that most video-compression algorithms employ. Adjusting saturation affects viewers' perceptions of an image's vividness or color depth; pastels have minimal saturation, and intense colors have high saturation. Adjusting hue, conversely, alters the colors' shade. INSET: DO-IT-YOURSELF ADJUSTMENT APPROXIMATIONS.

The article informs that Acronis Inc. has unveiled Acronis True Image Enterprise Server 8.0 and Acronis True Image Corporate Workstation 8.0. Both packages, which employ Acronis' advanced disk imaging technology, are available immediately in order to help IT managers protect and manage servers and workstations throughout the network. The Enterprise Server software is a comprehensive suite of tools for centralized server storage management. The Corporate Workstation version allows a network manager to perform similar functions on all workstations on the network.

Provides details on imaging analysis. Main tasks comprising image analysis; Considerations when purchasing imaging software; List of products for imaging analysis.

The article discusses the Membrane Optical Imager for Real-Time Exploitation project of researchers at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). Topics discussed include the project to develop a glass-free imaging system that relies on plastic, the optics to enable surveillance satellites to provide constant coverage from target sites in geosynchronous orbit and researchers' development of plastic films etched with a diffraction pattern.

The article focuses on the effects of polarization and imaging technologies on the eye. It notes that the respective rays vibrates in a plane and the extraordinary ray known as calcite crystal can cause bifringence in the eye. It also states that the effect of polarization varies as a function of wavelength. Based on a study, the macular ratio tend to be higher in patients who undergone subfoveal choroidal neovascularization.

The article focuses on the involvement of Great Britain-based research and development company Innos in the project which seek to investigate the development of scanning photo-induced impedance microscopy (SPIM). The SPIM imaging technique has potential to analyze the local dielectric properties of materials and biological specimen with good lateral resolution. Moreover, the new technique can be applied for characterization of smart materials and development of new array technology for high throughput screening.

Reports that scientists at Philips Research in the Netherlands have been active in 2005 in developing a completely new imaging technique called magnetic particle imaging (MPI). Key features and specifications of MPI; Potential of MPI as a valuable addition to the current armory of imaging techniques for medical imaging and materials analysis; Implications on high technology.

The article reports that the commercial product DT Vision Foundry 3.7 is a visual software environment for creating automated inspection applications. In addition to image acquisition, processing, inspection and analysis tools, it provides support for FDA 21 CFR 11 requirements pertaining to electronic record-keeping and electronic signatures, administrators can electronically establish and control user privileges with Access Control functionality. A readable event log function allows users to enter information, including a system time stamp, into a protected log file.