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Benalu teh (tea parasite; Scurrula atropurpurea) is a traditional medicine that can be developed into a standardized herbal medicine. This study aims to obtain an optimal explant surface sterilization protocol for tea parasite tissue culture that is free from contamination, browning, and explant death. This research was conducted at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Muria Sari Bumi, with a completely randomized design using explants of apical shoots (nodes) and apical leaves (leaf shoots) of tea parasite. The first treatment used serial concentrations of sterile NaOCl (1.25%, 2.25%, 3.25%, 4.25%, 5.25%), whereas the second treatment used concentrations of ascorbic acid and citric acid (50 mg/1000 mg, 100 mg/1500 mg, 150 mg/2000 mg, and 200 mg/2500 mg of each). Data were analysed by analysis of variance and Tukey's advanced test at the 5% level. The immersion with a mixture of citric and ascorbic acids yielded lower contamination (<5%) and mortality rate (<40%), and no explant browning (0%) compared to the NaOCl disinfectant in both shoots. The optimum composition of the explant surface sterilant to achieve a successful tea parasite culture was the treatment combination of 2,25 % NaOCl with ascorbic acid+citric acid in concentration of 150 mg/2000 mg. The current successful implementation of explant surface sterilization inspires its application for more complicated plant tissue culture processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Celery or Apium graveolens L. is a plant that belongs to the Apiaceae family. The leaves are wide with a pinnately lobed shape. Celery contains an abundance of antioxidants and vitamins including flavonoids, saponins, tannins, apiin, apigenin, choline, asparagine, vitamins A, B, C, and essential oil. Due to its high antioxidants and vitamins, celery has a high potential as a functional food source. However, despite the nutritional benefit, celery has a short shelf-life which only lasted for 2-3 days. Turning celery into powder is an alternative postharvest technology to extend its shelf life and preserve its nutritional content. The overall antioxidants and vitamins are varied depending on the drying treatment of the postharvest technology. Therefore, this research studies the effect of the drying treatment of postharvest technologies on the antioxidants and vitamins of celery The observed drying treatments were dehydration and tray drying as modern methods and sun drying as a conventional method. Different drying temperatures were observed and optimized. The dehydration method at 50°C was found to be the optimum method and the drying temperature. The celery powder produced from the dehydration method at 50°C showed high antioxidant and vitamin C contents, 50.8 µg/ml and 426.27 mg/100 gram, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study of the effect of administration of preparations containing BCSO on the expression of p53 in the kidney by means of immunohistochemistry. This study used the experimental design of the healthy control group I and the sick control group II, which was given alloxan. Group III BCSO dose of 6.8 mg/kg BW. Group IV BCSO dose of 68 mg/kgBB. Group V is the simvastatin-positive control group. Group VI is the positive control group for vitamin C. Group VII is the solvent control group. Use of the Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that the doses of BCSO 6.8 mg/KgBW and 68 mg/KgBW increased the percentage of p53 expression in alloxan-induced rat kidney tissue. The increase in p53 expression at doses of 6.8 and 68 mg/Kg BW was 92.93% and 218.38%, respectively. The BCSO dose of 6.8 mg/KgBW increased the percentage of p53 expression equivalent to the increase in p53 expression in the vitamin C group. The research results conclude that BCSO at a dose of 6.8 mg/KgBW and a dose of 68 mg/KgBW can increase the percentage of p53 expression in alloxan-induced rat kidney tissue and has the potential as a nephroprotective agent. agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During pandemic of Covid-19, people are back to nature by utilizing herbal plant as their complementary medicine to protect themselves from the virus infection. according to RISKESDAS (2010), the most popular herbal plants is Zingibere officinale which could have combined by many other plants like Centella asiatica. Both Z. officinale and C. asiatica has been proved to show antioxidant activity. However, the bioactivity of both combinations has not been to study widely. As a preliminary study, the antioxidant activity of the mixture of Z. officinale and C. asiatica is studied in the ratio of 1:1 using DPPH method with vitamin C is used as a positive control. The are 2 (two) variables studied, namely DPPH inhibition (%) and IC50 (mg/ml). The result showed that the percentage inhibition in the mixture is higher than each sample in the concentration of 3,4, and 5 mg/ml. On the other hand, the IC50 of the mixture is 2.51 mg/ml, higher than that of C.asiatica (3.68 mg/ml) but lower than that of Z. officinale (1.28 mg/ml). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sukun (Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg) are abundantly found in Indonesia. However, the usage of it was very limited. This research was conducted to analyze the antioxidant activity of Sukun leaves as one of the underused plants in Indonesia. Mature Sukun leaves were extracted using maceration method where 96% technical ethanol was used as the solvent. DPPH analysis was conducted using Burdan and Olezek method (2001). IC50 method was performed to analyze Vit C content of Sukun leaves. The analysis was performed on 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 ppm concentrations. By using the DPPH method, it was found that the total antioxidant activity of the extract was 45.79; 48.11; 49.38; 50.95; and 51.70 respectively. IC 50 analysis shows that the vitamin C content of the extract was 54.82; 57.72; 60.64; 63.94; and 65.49 respectively for every concentration. It can be concluded that Sukun leaves showed strong antioxidant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of gamma irradiation (GI) on the microbiological properties, soluble phenolic content, ascorbic acid, weight loss, titratable acidity, and antioxidant activity of mangosteen flesh after storage was investigated. This research was conducted using gamma rays at several doses of 0 (non-irradiated as control), 1, 3, and 5 kGy and then maintained were stored at low temperature (4±1oC) with 80% relative humidity. After irradiation (0 day/at harvest) and storage (7 and 14 days) were removed and examined for a count of bacteria, yeast, and fungi, total soluble phenolic content, titrable acidity, weight loss percentage, ascorbic acid content, IC50 value and antioxidant activity (%). The results showed that GI in 0, 3 and 5 Gy significantly (p<0.05) decreased the load of bacteria and fungi. Microbiological properties of the fresh and stored mangosteen flesh showed better quality after GI. The amount of soluble phenolic contents of the irradiated mangosteen during 7 and 14 DS was lower (p<0. 05) compared with the harvest time. The titratable acidity showed that GI in doses of 1, 3, and 5 kGy significantly reduced TA of mangosteen flesh. In 14 DS weight loss was increased (P<0. 05) for the control during the 7 and 14 days. In addition, the ascorbic acid content was decreased with all irradiation doses applied. Compared with the control, the antioxidant activity of the irradiated mangosteen flesh was lower. Therefore, it was concluded that irradiation treatments of mangosteen flesh improve microbiological safety with maintaining sensory attributes and antioxidative activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A resistant variety is needed to overcome a pest or disease infection. The research purposes were to obtain the selected M3 chili that was not only resistant to PepYLCV but also had a high yield and good quality. The research was conducted at Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute (IVEGRI), Lembang (1,250 m sal) from May to December 2017. The augmented design with three replications for each control genotype was used in the research. The infected chili plants by PepYLCV and eggplant were placed at certain points around the field as a natural inoculum and plant host for insect vector white flies to ensure no escape condition. Resistance selection was conducted according to the standardized disease scoring value (0 – 4) in the field at a certain period of time, then calculated disease incident intensity and AUDPC value parameters. IPBC-12 variety was used as a resistant control. Selection of yield quantity-quality according to the standardized multicharacter with referring to consumer's preference i.e. AUDPC value≤resistant genotype (IPBC-12), productivity≥1,0 kg/plant, fruit length (10-12 cm), fruit diameter (1.0-1.5 cm), capsaicin content≥300 ppm, and vitamin C content≥100 ppm. The result showed that the selected M3 lines were 17 or selection intensity around 26.56%. Relatively the tested M3 lines still had low uniformity on some morphologies. There was a transgressive segregation phenomenon that occurred on 21 M3 plant individuals. Nevertheless, the selected M3 genotypes had to be continually evaluated to obtain a new resistant mutant variety to PepYLCV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Garlic (Allium sativa L.) is one of the important spices used by the people of Indonesia as a cooking spice, and garlic is an ancient functional food and herbal medicine. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of garlic processed into a paste by blanching and giving citric or ascorbic acid. The raw material used is the garlic of the Tawangmangu variety. Blanch the garlic cloves with a length of 0; 4; 8 minutes. Processing into onion paste begins by crushing the garlic with a blender. Then, the addition of citric acid with a concentration of 0; 0.1; 0.3% and ascorbic acid with a concentration of 0; 0.1; 0.3% has been homogenized. Parameters observed were yield, color, degree of whiteness, total phenol, total flavonoid, total antioxidant and allicin content. The results showed that the highest yield, brightness (L), whiteness and antioxidant levels were 97.78%, 62.91, 60.99%, and 7.63 ppm, respectively. While the results of the highest of total phenol, flavonoid and allicin were 55.30 mg GAE/ 100 g, 1.76 mg/ 100 g and 1.74%, respectively. The conclusion is that the best treatment was garlic paste with 0.3% ascorbic acid immersion for 8 minutes. Characteristic of the best treatment was a yield of 87.34%, white degree of 60.81%, antioxidant 7.63%, allicin content of 0.17%, phenol content of 17.39 (mg GAE/ 100 g) and flavonoid content of 0.32 (mg/100 g). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like other fresh fruits and vegetables, fresh pepper is perishable produce and deteriorates within a few days after harvest without proper storage or preservation measures. The perishable nature of pepper could lead to economic losses, further aggravated by storage and marketing problems and a lack of appropriate processing technologies. Blanching was considered a pretreatment or unit operation before freezing, canning, or drying in which fruits or vegetables are heated to inactivate enzymes; modify texture; preserving the colour, flavour, and nutritional value. This study aimed to determine the effect of the type of thickener and to blanch on the acceptance panel of the chilli sauce produced. The research was conducted from March to June 2022 in the Postharvest laboratory of the Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, South Sulawesi. This study used a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern with four replications. The first factor is the treatment of the thickening agent (cassava starch, corn starch, and cassava flour), and the second is the blanching treatment (blanching and non-blanching). Chilli sauce includes ash content, vitamin C, and organoleptic tests. The results showed that the best chilli sauce produced was chilli sauce in the treatment of cassava flour thickening agent with non-blanching treatment with the highest vitamin C (414.87 µg/g), the low ash (1.75%), with preferred colour (score 4.36), preferred flavour (score 3.93), desired texture (score 4.21), and slightly preferred taste (score 3.79). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The remarkable nourishing properties of Moringa oleifera leaves had been investigated by processing M. oleifera leaves into dried powder through two types of pretreatments including blanching and washing. Furthermore, for each pretreatment, the pretreated leaves were dried in a hot air convection cabinet dryer at temperatures of 30°C and 35°C. The milling process was further conducted to obtain a powder. The study revealed that washing, compared with blanching, gave better several properties including antioxidant activity and vitamin C. However, the difference in pretreatment did not significantly change the value of moisture, protein, fat, ash, fiber, mineral Ca, Fe, Zn, and P. Instead, drying temperature significantly affected those parameters. Drying at 30°C gave greater moisture, protein, fat, ash, fiber, and minerals Ca, Fe, and P than drying at 35°C for each pretreatment, although there was an exception in which a temperature of 35°C resulted in higher content of Zn. Generally, antioxidant activity and vitamin C were not affected by drying temperature, but vitamin C at 35°C was higher than 30°C for pretreatment washing. By considering all the chemical characteristics, washing which was resumed by drying at 30°C was chosen as the processing of Moringa oleifera leaf powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lemon (Citrus limon (L) Burm. f.) has important economic value due to it contains vitamin C (ascorbic acid), flavonoid glycosides, coumarins, and essential oils. Vitamin C is known as a very powerful antioxidant. In addition to lemon, spices such as ginger, lemongrass, star anise, cinnamon, nutmeg, and cloves also contain antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to determine the physicochemical character and antioxidant activity of packaged honey-spiced lemon functional beverage products. The research was conducted by preparing functional drinks made from lemon juice plus honey and extracts of several types of spices such as ginger, lemongrass, star anise, cinnamon, nutmeg flesh, and cloves. The product is packaged in a plastic bottle. The results showed that the physicochemical properties of the product consisted of moisture content 92.0–92.6%, ash content 0.12–0.19%, total dissolved solid 8.44–8.75%, pH 2.69–2.78, the amount of sugar (saccharose) 6.17–7.29%, total acid 0.50–0.57%, vitamin C 0.5 mg/kg and total phenol 63.6–94.3 mg/kg. Antioxidant activity (DPPH method) ranged from 32.79 ppm to 263.63 ppm. The highest value of antioxidant activity was obtained in functional drinks made from lemon, honey, and star anise, which was 263.63 ppm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural production is influenced by the handling of post-harvest agricultural products. The handling should prevent factors that can lead to a decrease in the quality of agricultural products. Ozone exposure is done to find out the most effective shelf life of carrots. The sample consisted of 3 groups, namely the control group without ozone treatment (T0), the ozone exposure group through air/spray (T1), the ozone exposure group through immersion in water/soak (T2) and the spray and soak combination group (T3). Ozone exposure time is given for 10 minutes in a closed container, further observed organoleptic changes, pH, hardness and vitamin C levels contained in carrots after 1-5 days of storage. The research results showed that ozone treatment with various methods resulted in significant differences (p=0) in mass loss, pH and hardness of carrots. Ozone treatment with spray and soak on day 1-5 resulted in the stability of mass loss, pH and hardness when compared to other treatment methods. The effect of ozone exposure on carrots by spray and soak can extend shelf life with the smallest percentage decrease based on the results of organoleptic tests, mass loss (58%), hardness (35%) and pH (22%) on the 5th day. So ozone treatment is able to extend the shelf life of carrots based on their organoleptic and physical parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) plays an exogenous antioxidant to protect biomolecules against cellular redox-reactive species generation, including ROS, that is involved in the development of oxidative stress-related diseases. Therefore, some ascorbic acid studies have concentrated on its ROS scavenging activity. We designed a combination of vitamin C and octanoic acid as vitamin C derivatives to evaluate their antioxidant potential in silico study using molecular docking. Compound 1 demonstrated the receptor-ligand interaction in Lipoxygenase (LO) than Zileuton-ZIL with its lower binding free energy (ΔG) and inhibition constant (Ki) value. Meanwhile, 6 exhibited lower Gibs energy (ΔG) and inhibition constant (Ki) in NADPH oxidase (NO) receptor than Dextromethorphan-DEX. The results add to the evidence supporting antioxidant activities of 1 and 6 in two receptors (LO and NO, respectively) via ROS generation. Thus, further research is warranted into their efficiency in reducing oxidative stress for possible commercial antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Campolay (Pouteria campechiana) is a plant originating from Mexico that can grow in tropical and subtropical climates. Velva is a type of frozen food similar to ice cream but has a low-fat content because it does not use milk fat and has high vitamin C and fiber content. This study aims to analyze the effect of the type and concentration of stabilizers on the organoleptic and nutritional quality of Velva campolay products. Velva campolay uses two variables: the type of stabilizer with three levels of treatment (CMC, carrageenan, and gelatin) and the concentration of stabilizer with three levels of treatment (0.25%, 0.50%, and 0.75%). The type of stabilizer was not affecting the quality of the texture, the panelists' preference for texture, taste, or overall, but it affected the melting power of Velva campolay (p<0.05). The concentration of the stabilizer was not affecting the quality of the texture but it affected the melting power of Velva campolay (p<0.05). Velva campolay product selected based on melting power that was Velva with a CMC stabilizer of 0.75% (p<0.05). Campolay can be used as a raw material for making Velva, with an overall preference level ranging from 6.03-6.87 (somewhat like). The selected Velva campolay product has a moisture content of 75.73%, ash (1.14%), protein (1.71%), fat (0.14%), carbohydrates (21.28%), crude fiber (0.11%), energy value (93.22 kcal/ 100g), vitamin C (21.43 mg/100g), and antioxidant IC50 (542.59 ppm). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was conducted to isolate the chemical compound from S. aqueum plants and determine the ability of the isolated compound to inhibit the activity of Eschericia coli and antioxidant activity. The extraction process was done by maceration using ethyl acetate. Separation and purification of ethyl acetate fraction were conducted by vacuum liquid chromatography and column chromatography. The isolated compound was a white crystal (32.6 mg). Based on spectrum analysis 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, NMR-DEPT135 and the comparison with the literature, it was concluded the isolated compound is steroid namely β-Sitosterol. The antibacterial activities from the isolated compound give the zone inhibition value for concentration 25µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, and 100 µg/mL were 11,5, 13,1 and 16,5 mm, respectively which have weaker inhibition than the refference drug, ciproflaxin (39,9 mm). The IC50 antioxidant activity show the isolated compound with value 300.52 ppm and ascorbic acid as positive control 112.72 ppm. This conclude the isolated compound have antibacterial activity againts E.coli with moderate activity and have a weaker ability for antioxidant than ascorbic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new tendency of consumers and processors in the food industry is to use organic products. Because intensive crops involve the use of pesticides and fertilizers, a bio alternative to tomatoes can be the rosehip from spontaneous flora. In this study, four variants (control, sweet, spicy and hot) of rosehip chutney were prepared as an alternative for tomato ketchup. The sensory characteristics were evaluated (by hedonic scale). The vitamin C content (by titrimetric iodometric method), polyphenols content (by Folin Ciocalteu assay) and free radical inhibition activity (by DPPH assay) were determined. Our results did not show significant differences in vitamin C content between the analyzed variants (81.20-0.67-81.80-0.34 mg/100 g). The highest polyphenols content was detected in the "hot" chutney version (56.90-3.11 mg GAE/100g DW) in direct correlation with DPPH free radical inhibition activity (91.61-0.22%). The degree of the rosehip chutney acceptability and its chemical composition confirm that rosehip chutney can be successfully used to replace the tomato ketchup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum) are fruits rich in bioactive substances, especially compounds with antioxidant characteristics. Tomato fruits are a source of vitamin C, having beneficial properties for health. Current indications lead us to the conclusion that tomato fruits are potential candidates for the study of bioactivity, as well as for functionally developed fruits. The activity of these bioactive compounds is to combat the activity of free radicals. Tomatoes are the most popular vegetable crop in the world. These vegetables are important due to their high contribution to human health and nutrition. The attractive colour and flavour of tomato have made it a dietary staple in many parts of the world One of the most popular options for consuming tomatoes is tomato juice. Raw tomato juice is known as a good energy drink, tasty, and filled with health benefits. The motivation, in this case, was to obtain food products with superior taste and nutritional properties that fall within the scope of food engineering. The main objective of our study was to obtain and reveal some physicochemical and nutritional properties of some varieties of raw tomato juice with the addition of green chillies and horseradish. These additions increased the antioxidant content of the juice and also improved the sensory characteristics of the two types of juice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was carried out in the wooden canopy of the horticultural station in Al-Hawija district / Kirkuk governorate during the year 2020, where the seeds of Portulaca oleracea L. were planted in two dates, the first planting date is 15/9 and the second date is 1/10. The plants were treated with twenty-five fertilizer treatments that resulted from the combination of five levels of organic fertilization are (O0 = without organic fertilization, O1 = 5% poultry waste, O2 = 7.5% poultry waste, O3 = 5% sheep waste, O4 = 7.5% sheep waste), and five treatments for spraying with mineral fertilizers (S0 = without spraying, S1 = nitrogen, S2 = phosphorous, S3 = potassium, S4 = magnesium), and the seeds were planted in 5 kg pots, and the experiment was designed with a factorial experiment inside split-plot system according to the Randomized Complete Block Design. Traits have been studied was the levels of fatty acids (a-linolenic acid, Ecospentaenoic and Docosahexaenonic), and some active compounds (berberine, vitamin C, and carotenoids). The results are as follows: The early date 9/15 was significantly superior to the late date 1/10 in all studied traits. The organic fertilization O3 and foliar S2 treatments were superior in the levels of a-linolenic acid, Ecospentaenoic, Docosahexaenonic and berberine, while the O4 and S4 treatments were superior in the concentration of vitamin C and carotenoids. The interactions of these superior transactions also interactions each other and with the first date in achieving the best values for the studied traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the framework of this work, the synthesis and study of the stability of a triple chelate iron-containing complex, iron (II) ascorbatolizinate, was carried out. For the synthesis of iron (II) ascorbatolizinate, lysine monohydrochloride, ascorbic acid, iron sulfate, and barium hydroxide were used. To study the stability of iron (II) ascorbatolizinate, a multifactorial experiment was carried out, which included three input parameters and three levels of variation. The active acidity of the medium, the mixing time, and the temperature of the solution were considered as input parameters. The output parameters were changes in the value of optical density and a change in the value of the redox potential. Within the framework of the study, the optimal configuration of iron (II) ascorbatolizinate was determined by the method of quantum chemical modeling. It has been established that the configuration in which the interaction occurs through the carboxyl group and α-amino group of lysine and through the C2 and C3 hydroxyl groups of ascorbic acid is optimal. It has been shown that iron (II) ascorbatolizinate is chemically stable at the following technological parameters: pH from 4 to 9, exposure time from 5 to 20 min, and temperature from 25 to 60 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, chitosan nanoascorbate Bombyx mori (CSNA) based on high-molecular-weight chitosan (CS) and ascorbic acid (AA) was synthesized by ionotropic gelation in the presence of tripolyphosphate (TPP). The results of the conducted kinetic studies show that in the studied interaction, the order of the reaction of ascorbic acid exceeds the order of the reaction of chitosan. In this study, theoretical studies based on density functional theory (DFT) have performed to comprehend the interaction between of chitosan dimer with AA and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) by during the formation of chitosan ascorbate (CSA) nanostructure. Based on existing results, the CS monomer formed of complexes occurs due to the donor-acceptor interaction, which is energetically favorable in all considered inter-actions according to the calculations. The order of values interaction energy de-creases: CS-AA (-68.76 kcal/mol), CS-TPP (-64.58 kcal/mol), which indicates that in the process of formation of CSNA, in most cases, the formation of a donor-acceptor bond occurs between the amino groups of CS with the enol group of AA. The introduction of the aqueous phase led to a drop in the interaction energy. CS nanoparticles can protect ascorbic acid from degradation and improve the stability of AA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thickening properties of κ-carrageenan and gum arabic for a liquid concentrate of acid whey proteins obtained by nanofiltration (nanofiltrated concentrate – NF concentrate) have been investigated. The samples of NF concentrate have been enriched with a concentrate of milk whey proteins with a protein mass fraction of 80% in the dry matter and maltodextrin with a dextrose equivalent of 20%. As a result, the total solids content in the created systems was 36.37%. Titrable acidity of the initial serum and NF concentrate has been determined by the indicator titration method. Actual acidity of samples enriched with whey protein and maltodextrin has been determined by the potentiometric method. Physicochemical parameters of raw materials and product samples have been analyzed by the instrumental expression method using the MilkoScan FT 120 infrared analyzer and the Bruker MPA spectrometer. The calcium content has been determined by the complexometric method, vitamin C – by indicator method with 2.6-dichlorophenolindophenol. The consistency of the product samples has been assessed visually. The viscosity has been determined by rotational viscometry. The dispersion of the systems has been investigated by the method of interference-polarization microscopy. The combination of κ-carrageenan and gum arabic transformed the system from a sol state to a gel. After after 7 days of storage at 4±2 °C the viscosity of samples containing 0.3% κ-carrageenan and 0.2% gum arabic was 42793 MPa·s, in samples containing 0.2% κ-carrageenan and 0.3% gum arabic – 59910 MPa·s. All samples had insufficient thermal stability, since they softened at 20±2 °C. Gum arabic gave the samples signs of a whipped structure. The dispersion of the air phase was finer with a content of 0.2% gum arabic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demand for esthetic dentistry has increased & with the minimal invasive concepts gaining popularity, vital tooth bleaching is well accepted treatment with predictable outcome. However, bleaching alone fails to enhance esthetics, so additional adhesive procedures like composite restorations, ceramic veneers are often required. There are few disadvantages of teeth bleaching like post-operative sensitivity, pulp irritation, tooth structure alteration, micro leakage and decreased bond strength of composite resin to enamel. To overcome the decreased bond strength, various techniques have been propagated such as, treatment of enamel with alcohol, delaying bonding procedures and use of antioxidants. Sodium ascorbate is an antioxidant that is considered as gold standard. Time of application of ascorbic acid as reported in the literature ranges from 10min to 3 hrs to obtain satisfactory results which is practically difficult to perform. Therefore newer naturally available antioxidants that are more efficient, economical and safer are being investigated as an alternative/ replacement to sodium ascorbate. The aim of the study was to investigate, The effect of immediate application of three anti-oxidant agents on reversal of decreased bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel at different time intervals. It can be concluded that the use of tomato seed extract and pomegranate seed extract can be used as an alternative to sodium ascorbate prior to bonding procedures on bleached enamel as they completely neutralize the deleterious effects of bleaching and increases the bond strength significantly. The shear bond strength of composite resin to bleached enamel after the surface treatment with ascorbic acid, pomegranate seed extract and tomato seed extract was directly proportional to duration of application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

diabetic mellitus is health problem that has deleterious impact on exception of life and life quality the state of oxidation of diabetes individuals elevated which has a negative impact on homeostasis. Metformin has anti-oxidant properties in several tissues. Metformin is type of diabetic medicine that aids in blood sugars control Methods: Metformin effect on total antioxidant markers in the serum and pancreatic tissue of Alloxan-induced diabetic rats was studied in this study were randomized into five groups of treatment and received metformin (100,200 and 300 mg/kg) orally once time for 30th days. The antioxidant potential of evaluated total antioxidant status (TAOS) in vivo and DPPH (1,1diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyaldiphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) scavenging assay at "517 nm" in vitro Result: In alloxan-induced diabetics, there was suppression significantly in increased blood sugars levels. Those dose (100,200,300mg/kg)demonstrated increase significantly improvement rate percentage in (M100, M200, M300) were (40.701 %),(48.063%) and (48.101%) respectively after end of treatment in compares to diabetic group that decrease(-243.340%). TAOS significantly increased in treated group than diabetic group" p= 0.000* ". Percentage of improvement rate elevation in treatment M100, M200, M300 were (133.202 %,148.433% and (194.358%) respectively, compare with diabetic while that percentage were decrease (-65.677%). In addition, when compare and contrast to the diabetes groups, it improved pancreas histology. It enhanced pancreas histopathology differentiate than diabetes groups DPPH increased in a concentration-time dependent manner reflect antioxidant activity IC 50 of metformin (498.0 µg/ml) while ascorbic acid IC50 (µg/ml 29.62). current study aimed to evaluate the impact of metformin (MET) in protect towards the oxidative stress as well as enhancing histological of pancreatic tissue to assess effect of metformin on (oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro(In" alloxan-induced diabetic rats" metformin provides "protective actions against oxidative stress and free radicals as well as improving pancreas tissue histology and lowering blood sugar levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the forerunner of industrial raw materials, determining the characteristic of betel leaves (Piper betle L.) is essential because it will determine product quality. Betel leaves have various functions, including as a source of antioxidants. Before proceeding to the advanced stage, preliminary research on betel leaves characteristics and antioxidant content needs to be carried out. Research showed that the moisture content of fresh and betel leaves powder is 84.64 and 10.8%, respectively. Proximate tests showed that betel leaves powder contains proteins 21.6, fats 5.2, carbohydrates 49.6, ash 12.8, and moisture content of 10.8%. It also contained vitamin A <0.1 mg/100g, vitamin C 5.09 mg/100g, vitamin B3 25.4 mg/100g, calcium 6539.9 mg/kg, iron 146.2 mg/kg, potassium 49176.8 mg/kg, and phosphorus 4599.4 mg/kg. Betel leaves extract contains antioxidants with Total Phenolic Contents 6.98 mg GAE/g and antioxidant activity of 79.65% from solvent 95% ethanol is higher than methanol with a Soxhlet extraction time of 4 hours. Infra-red spectra results show several functional groups from 3600 to 2500 cm−1 support antioxidant structures such as O-H phenols, C-H alkene, O-H carboxylic acid, and O-CH3 symmetric and non-symmetric stretching vibration. The scanning electron microscope results show that pores are formed as diffusion pathways of phenolic compounds from high to lower concentrations. Therefore, betel leaves are confirmed as sources of antioxidants and potential industrial raw material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jackfruit is one of the popular ripe fruits of the woody species. The jackfruit tree is widely planted in tropical regions such as Southeast Asia and Brazil. It is a medium-sized tree of the Moraceae family that may grow more than 20 meters tall. Jackfruit provides high economic value for producers, as well as several uses in food technology, particularly in recent years. Jackfruit has many nutritional components, including fat, protein, minerals, carbohydrates, fiber and especially vitamins, such as vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, folate, and vitamin A. The amino acids such as threonine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, valine, arginine, histidine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, proline, and serine are all major components of jackfruit. The biological activities of jackfruit are derived from physicochemical components such as phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, starch, carotenoid, and pectin. The antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antineoplastic, anticariogenic, antineoplastic, hypoglycemic, and other health-promoting qualities are all present of jackfruit. The fruit exhibits significant activities that need more investigation so that the fruit's importance can be recognized worldwide. The objective of the study was to gather data on jackfruit, highlighting the potential of jackfruit and its by-products for different fields such as food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Longan (Dimocarpus longan L.) is a famous Asian fruit with several health advantages. Longan fruit has recently become popular all over the world due to its unique flavor that has captivated the global market. The fruit contains a high content of calories, water, protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber and vitamins (e.g. vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and vitamin B3), all of which are essential for human health promotion and illness prevention. The amino acids in longan fruit play a role in building proteins, participating in processes such as neurotransmitter transport and biosynthesis. Polyphenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids are among the physiochemical components in longan that contribute to various fruit's biological activity. The pericarp, pulp, and seed of the longan fruit are high in phenolic compounds, which exhibit potential antioxidant properties. Other activities such as anticancer, anti-tyrosinase, anti-glycated, immunomodulatory, anti-osteoporotic, and prebiotic activity have been shown to benefit humans, suggesting extensive cunsumption of longan throughout the world. The biological activities need to be studied in depth to assess the impact on health. The protective effect of plant-based diets on cardiovascular disease and cancer is the driving force behind studies on the health utility of bioactives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of food additives that are declared prohibited in food products or use that exceeds the safe limits are still often found in the market. These food products come from small industries and home industries. Purposes of this paper are: 1) To find out how to analyze the benzoic acid content in food using high performance liquid chromatography; 2) To find out how to analyze the sorbic acid content in food using high performance liquid chromatography. The products tested in the form of Palai Bada and garlic came from home industries in the city of Padang. The test was carried out on October 14 to November 14 2019 at the Padang City Food and Drug Supervisory Agency Labor. The results obtained were that Palai Bada food had the highest benzoic acid content in Palai Bada, namely 6.813 mg/kg using the HPLC method. and the highest ascorbic acid found in garlic, namely 6.2141 ppm using the HPLC method and still included in the BPOM standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The human body naturally has a self-defense system (immune) to ward off various kinds of microorganisms or ward off free radical components produced by the environment or as a result of the body's metabolic processes. The immune system can be strengthened by consuming functional drinks. Purple sweet potato extract (PSPE) is a by-product of the manufacture of purple sweet potato starch. Peroxidase enzyme which can cause browning of purple sweet potato (PSP), is inactive at acidic pH. Roselle flower extract (RFE) is a dye produced by extracting rosella flowers with water. The purpose of this research was to analyze the potential of PSPE and RFE as functional drinks. The method used is an experimental method with a completely randomized design. The steps carried out in this study were an inventory of PSP and roselle flower varieties, PSP extraction and roselle flower extraction using water, measuring pH, analysis of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method, and vitamin C analysis using the volumetric method. The sweet potatoes used are Ayamurasaki varieties and the rosella flowers used are red rosella flowers and purple rosella flowers. The results showed that PSPE had a pH of 5.51, the antioxidant activity of 657.80 ppm, and vitamin C of 13.38 mg per 100 g of sample. Purple rosella flower extract (PRFE) has a very acidic pH of around 1.42, antioxidant activity (IC50) of 625.66 ppm, and the amount of vitamin C is 10.57 mg per 100 g of sample. Red rosella flower extract (RFE) has a very acidic pH of about 1.27, antioxidant activity (IC50) of 637.69 ppm, and the amount of vitamin C is 20.90 mg per 100 g sample. Very high pH for rosella flower extract, for some people it is not preferred. PSPE's anthocyanins have a lower pH, are heat resistant due to acylated anthocyanins, and have high antioxidant activity. PSPE, PRFE, and RFE have the potential to be used as functional drinks. PSPE, PRFE, RFE drinks can be lowered in pH by diluting and adding sugar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment was conducted in Ornamental Plants Farm, Dept. of Hortic. and Landscape design, College of Agric. and Forestry, in the period from Nov. 2018 to June 2019 on freesia plants to study the response of two cultivars Freesia hybrid "red" and Freesia hybrid "yellow" to treated with Gibberellic acid at 0, 150 and 300 mg/ l and Ascorbic acid at 100 and 200 mg/ l, the spraying with growth promoter applied every 3 weeks till flower initiation. The factorial The Factorial Experiment conducted by using Randomized Complete Block design, by using 9 corms for treatment. The data showed that the red cultivar gave the highest significant values of plant height, number of florets, inflorescence length and number for plants, while the yellow cultivar gave the highest values of chlorophyll content, vase life of inflorescence and inflorescence diameter. Plants treated with Gibberellic acid at 300 mg/ l gave a significant values of leaves number, chlorophyll content, vase life, inflorescence diameter and length, number of florets, and inflorescence number compared to control. Plants treated with any concentrations of growths regulators studied caused to significantly increase in leaves and florets number and inflorescence length compared with control. In general, treated yellow plants with GA3 at 300 mg/ l gave significantly best results of leaves number, vase life, inflorescence diameter and inflorescence number for plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mekong Delta of Vietnam is an alluvial land that is regularly accrete and thus possesses fertile soils that is very acordant for the development of natural medicinal materials. On the other hand, studies on bioactive medicinal plants grown here are limited, especially those with strong antioxidant activity are of interest. The objective of the study is to evaluate preliminary antioxidant activity on extracts of some medicinal herbs such as Mangifera indica L., Psidium guajava L., and Clinacanthus nutans (Burm.f.) Lindau collected from a region in the Mekong Delta area. Antioxidant activity was analyzed with DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging assay with ascorbic acid as control. The presence of analyzed chemical constituents in the extract such as flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, tannins, triterpenoids, coumarins and reducing sugars. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Mangifera indica L. and Psidium guajava L. both showed better antioxidant activity than Clinacanthus nutans (Burm.f.) Lindau when investigated on two methods DPPH and ABTS. Thus, this study is the basic premise of potential antioxidant biological activities of medicinal species, thereby aiming at the prospect of exploiting and applying diverse natural medicinal sources in food technology, and biopharmaceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional methods of developing drugs provide a vast source material for new drug development. Nowadays, natural plant products have been considered as a significant source of pharmacotherapeutics. From plants, a variety of chemical compounds can be isolated and can further be sorted according to their biosynthetic origin, chemical class, and functionality (primary and secondary metabolites). Considering this we have selected Pterospermum acerifolium plant to check for its metal binding properties and antioxidant values. Very less amount of work has been reported on this plant so the reason for selecting this plant for the exploration of medicinal aspects. The present study emphasizes on the preliminary phytochemical studies, antioxidant potential and metal binding activities of Pterospermum acerifolium roots. Binding potential and analysis of the extract of roots of Pterospermum acerifloium with various metal chlorides was carried by UV-Vis. spectrum. For this work, a comparative analysis was carried by calculating the absorption intensities of this plant root extract, metal chlorides and then the mixture of metal chloride with metal chloride at a suitable wavelength that ranged from 200 to 800 nm. Root extract of P. acerifolium showed the good potential for detecting Lead chlorides. This study can give future direction for detecting the various metal chlorides in water bodies and signifies that Pterospermum acerifolium has great potentials as biosensors. Antioxidant studies were carried on the roots of this plant at various concentrations ranging from 50, 100, 250, 500 µg/ mL and showed 94.32%, 95.6%, 97.37% and 98.69% radical scavenging which directed towards the medicinal potential of this plant. Further antioxidant property of Pterospermum acerifolium extract has been analysed with respect to Vitamin C, resulting a promising direction towards development of natural antioxidants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, the whole world is not untouched by the terrible effect of paracetamol use. Due to its deadly effect, along with human health, their heart and mind also get disturbed. Therefore, it is essential to trace the amount of paracetamol present inside the human body up to its nano-mole level. From the past few decades, nanomaterials have created an outsized impact to attract researchers, particularly in the field of electrochemical sensor, due to their high surface area. Electrochemical sensors can be fabricated using nano-materials and that can further be used to detect drugs/bio-molecules. Paracetamol (acetaminophen-N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, PCM), an antipyretic, analgesic and extensively used compound, to treat fever, cough, cold and pain, including muscle pain, chronic pain, and migraine, headache, backache and toothache. The therapeutic dose of PCM has no ill-effect; however, the excessive and prolonged use of PCM can cause unwanted accumulation of toxic metabolites, leading to kidney and liver failure or even death. Acetaminophen detection is hindered tremendously by a high level of electrically active compounds like uric acid, ascorbic acid and dopamine. To get rid of this, electrochemical sensor using nano-materials can be exploited for its detection and to enhance sensitivity and selectivity of electrodes. The present review highlights the employability of the most widely used materials to make modified electrodes for the detection of dopamine and more importantly to emphasize the challenges associated with it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pineapple as tropical fruit with high content of vitamin C, is a perishable fruit easily loses vitamin C due to air oxidation. Fresh fruit coating is required using environmentally friendly biodegradable materials. A study on the effect of alginate-chitosan film coating on the loss of vitamin C in fresh cut pineapple has been carried out. Pineapple coating was carried out by dipping fresh cut sliced pineapple in alginate-chitosan hydrosol which had been prepared in mass ratio alginate and chitosan of 1:1 at pH 5.28. Vitamin C content of pineapple fruit at storage temperatures of 4, 13 and 27 °C was measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometer at maximum wavelength of 660 nm. The stability test of vitamin C content due to film coating was carried out at various storage period of 1, 5, 24 hours, 3 and 7 days at temperature of 4 °C. Biodegradability test of alginate-chitosan film was carried out through a burried test and the degradation of the functional groups of the film was characterized using FTIR Spectrophotometer. Alginate-chitosan film coating can reduce the loss of vitamin C in fresh cut sliced pineapple at all storage period. The reduction of vitamin C content up to 7 days of storage period was 8.81%. The percentage of decomposition of the alginate-chitosan film reached 83% on the 28th day of the burried test with the loss of protonated amine and carboxylate functional groups. It was suggested that alginate-chitosan film coating could be a useful treatment of maintaining vitamin C content in fresh cut sliced pineapple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface was modified with gelatin/azido-pillar[5]arene, and the electrochemical behavior of ascorbic acid (AA) was investigated on these new surface. To improve the efficiency of electrode, the electrode surface was modified and optimum conditions for AA determination were established. Electrochemical experiments were performed at different modification techniques, pH values, the concentrations of AA and scan rates. The usability of the proposed modified electrode for the determination of AA was investigated using square wave voltammetry (SWV). The gelatin/azidopillar[ 5]arene/GC modified electrode exhibited a good repeatability, stability and sensitivity for the determination of AA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilization of bagasse as edible coating material to improve the storage of tomato fruits (Solanum lycopersicum) has been studied. Bagasse was used as the source of α-cellulose then formulated as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) through alkalinization and carboxymethylation. Qualitative test of bagasse-based CMC was assayed using FT-IR analysis. Edible coating was prepared by formulating 0.5% (w/v), 1.0% (w/v) of CMC with distilled water, cassava starch and 10% (v/v) glycerol as a plasticizer agent. Tomato fruits were dipped into edible coating solution and kept at room temperature for 10 d. The application of 1% bagasse-based CMC gave the best results in preserving the tomato fruits with the lowest mass loss (6.42%), high vitamin C content (0.28 mg/mL), and antioxidant activity with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 128.91 ppm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rambai (Baccaurea motleyana) is an undervalued fruit in Indonesia. The peel of the Rambai tree is used in traditional medicine as an antibiotic and may contain an anticancer component. The arilous fruit is high in vitamin C, vitamin B, and phosphor. Harvesting timing has an effect on the fruit's look and nutritional value. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the influence of various harvesting periods on the physical and biochemical characteristics of the reddish-fleshly rambai fruit. Taman Buah Unggul Mekarsari, Cileungsi, Bogor, West Java was used to collect the samples. The ratio of total soluble solids (TSS) to total titrated acid (TTA) was used to determine the sweetness of the fruits, while glucose, fructose, and sucrose were determined using enzymatic techniques. The fruits rose in sweetness from 13 WAA (week after anthesis) to 19 WAA. However, according to the Tukey test, all other metrics, including fruit firmness, TTA, and TSS/TTA ratio, do not differ substantially. The major sugar in the reddish-fleshly rambai fruit was discovered to be glucose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Garcinia latissima Miq. belongs to Clusiaceae and is locally known as dolomagota or manggis papua. The fruits contain numerous beneficial phytochemical compounds, such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. Antimicrobial activity is foundto be presented in the extract of this indigenous fruit that is capable of inhibiting the development of certain pathogens. Although it carries great potential as food or medicinal products, people have not fully utilized this fruit. The lack of scientificinformation about this plant and a relatively short period of fruit shelf life is likely to be the main factors contributing to the minimum utilization of this fruit. Therefore, this study develops the post-harvest technology of this underutilized indigenous plant through production a fruit jam as a simple and well-accepted product. We revealed that the fresh fruit of G. latissima had a comparable vitamin C to the widely common fruits. Organoleptic analysis exhibited that the fruit jam derived from 1 kg fruit pulp+1 kg sugar+2 g cornstarch was the most acceptable formula, according to the panelists. Furthermore, theorganoleptic-test-selected fruit jam also contained 21.8 mg/ 100 g vitamin C, 0.24% protein, 0.26% fat, and 0.10% ash. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 virus is easily transmitted with a reduction in the body's immunity, consequently, people use synthetic vitamins as supplements to increase immunity. Therefore, this study aims to explore the consumption of synthetic vitamins and the immunity of Medan Johor District residents, Medan, Indonesia during the Covid-19 pandemic. This is a quantitative study with an exploratory descriptive design and the data were analyzed using univariate analysis. Furthermore, the study population was 137,367 people, while 200 respondents were selected as samples based on the results of Slovin calculations. The data were collected using a synthetic vitamin consumption questionnaire (including type, frequency, number of doses) as well as the Development and Validation of the Immune Status Questionnaire (ISQ) using the purposive sampling technique. The results showed that majority of the respondents were females (58%), older adults (33%), Batak ethnicity (74%), unemployed (41%), had senior high school education (57%), family income per month was < UMR (54%), consumed vitamin C (73%), frequency of 1x1 day (56%), and doses were > 90 mg (71%). These findings showed that the immune status is good by 52% and bad by 48%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoaging is an aging process that causes the reduction of collagen and elastin fibers in the skin due to exposure to UV rays, which causes premature aging. Cabbage contains vitamin A, vitamin B1, and vitamin C. Vitamin C, flavonoid, and glutamine may act as antioxidants to neutralize free radicals and to improve the regeneration of damaged skin cells. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential of cabbage ethanolic extract using DPPH method, total flavonoids, total phenol and the anti-aging activity of gel formulations with a concentration of 2%; 4%; 6%. Skin analysis was observed such as moisture content, oil content, texture, collagen, wrinkles, pigment, sensitivity, and pores. The antioxidant activity of cabbage EtOH extract showed IC50 of 176.558 µg/mL, total phenolic content of 45.090 mg GAE/g extract and total flavonoids of 1.6834 mg QE/g extract. The best anti-aging activity was obtained in the F3 formulation compared to the F1 and F2 formulation. The percentage of water content recovery was 40.68%; oil content of 37.24%; texture by 80%; collagen 19.05%; wrinkles of 70.93%; 50.88% stains; sensitivity of 47.51%; pores of 44.18%. The ethanolic extract of cabbage displayed potential antioxidant and anti-aging activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kombucha is a traditional beverages product prepared by fermentation of sweet medium and is notable for its health advantages. The present study aimed to evaluate the Vitamin C content and Antimicrobial properties of Soursop Leaves Kombucha during fermentation for 14 days and analyzed with an interval of 7 days. The isolated galactomannan and commercial galactomannan were determined using the Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Furthermore, the vitamin C content was analyzed using U.V Spectrophotometer; meanwhile, the antimicrobial properties of the kombucha beverages were prepared by the agar diffusion method. Different concentrations of soursop leaves were analyzed after 0, 7, and 14 days with three replicates, respectively. The results showed that the content of Vitamin C gradually increased at each concentration and variation time. The vitamin C content reached the highest value of 218.348 ± 1.7769 mg/L with 1.5% (w/v) of soursop leaves and the lowest value of 99.706 ± 1.0707 mg/L with 0.5%(w/v) of soursop leaves. The fermented metabolite showed increasing antimicrobial activity for two weeks of fermentation. It reached the highest value for Staphylococcus aureus at 0.517 ± 0.011 and Escherichia coli at 0.628 ± 0.0281. These data reveal that soursop leaves Kombucha utilized with galactomannan appears to be used as a probiotic drink with high content of Vitamin C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kombucha is a traditional drink well known for its health benefits, especially its antioxidant and antibacterial properties. This study aimed to determine the concentration of Vitamin C and the antimicrobial properties of Kombucha, which was fermented for 15 days and evaluated with an interval of 3 days. The concentration of Vitamin C was determined using the UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Meanwhile, the antimicrobial properties of the kombucha beverages were evaluated by the agar diffusion method. Soursop leaves with a concentration of 0.5%(w/v), 1.0%(w/v), 1.5%(w/v) and without soursop leaves as control were analyzed after 0,3,6,9,12 and 15 day with 3 replicates each. The results showed that the highest concentration of Vitamin C was found in the soursop leaves of 1.5% (w/v) when fermented for 12 days (169.352 ± 4.1649 mg/L) and decreased on the day 15 (151.945 ± 2.6714. mg/L) after fermentation. Soursop leaves Kombucha can also inhibit Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The inhibition zones increase with the length of fermentation time. At the day of 15 showed the strongest antimicrobial activities compared to control, 0.5% (w/v) and 1.0% (w/v). The inhibition zones for Staphylococcus aureus (2.122 ± 0.7294) and Escherichia coli (0.394 ± 0.8727) on day 15 after fermentation. These experimental studies overviewed have confirmed that soursop leaves Kombucha has microbial activity and contain Vitamin C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Block freeze concentration employs simple freezing and thawing process which can provide high quality concentrated juice. In this study, vacuum was used to assist the separation of concentrated juice from block frozen juice. Commercial mixed fruit juice containing pomegranate (27%), apple (25%), pear (24%), red grape (17%), and white grape (7%) juices (13 °Brix, 30% Thai RDI vitamin C/200 mL) was frozen as a cylindrical block using two types of freezers (air blast and static freezers) to -40 °C and thawed at two different temperatures (14 and -8 °C). Vacuum pressure of 90 kPa was used to enhance the separation of juice during the thawing step. Evaporation in vacuo at 50 °C was also performed as a control treatment. The results showed that the concentrated juices with approximately 40 °Brix were obtained from all treatments and the highest yield was from the evaporation (34.5%). For the freeze concentration, using the air blast freezer and thawing at 14 °C resulted in the highest yield of 18.5%. The total phenolic content in the concentrated juices increased 300−430% from the original juice while the diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacities did not proportionally increase. The DPPH value for the control was not significantly different from the original juice while all freeze concentration treatments gave approximately 30−55% higher DPPH values than the control. This revealed that antioxidant compounds, particularly ascorbic acid, extensively degraded in every concentration process, but the freeze concentration methods could preserve the antioxidant capacity of the concentrated juice better than the evaporation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gelugur acid (Garcinia atroviridis) is a spice that contains antimicrobial properties. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of marination using gelugur acid on the microbiological and organoleptic qualities of native chicken meat. This study used a completely randomized design of a factorial pattern with the treatment of gelugur acid extract concentrations and shelf life. The marination was carried out using extracts of gelugur acid 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%, then the native chicken meat was stored for 24 to 48 hours. Results of this study show that the longer the storage time of chicken meat, the more microbial growth increases. Marination with gelugur acid can suppress microbial growth lower than the control. Marination with 4% and 6% gelugur acid suppressed microbial growth better and was significantly different (P<0.01) compared to control during 48 hours of storage. The content of antibacterial compounds, such as citric and ascorbic acid is thought to be able to inhibit microbial growth. The effect of marination using gelugur acid also has a significant effect on organoleptic qualities, namely aroma, tenderness, color, and taste. Organoleptic score tests, namely aroma, taste, tenderness, and colour at 4% to 6% at 48-hours shelf life can still be accepted by the panelists. Marination using 4% gelugur acid extract can effectively maintain the microbiological and organoleptic quality of chicken meat for 24 to 48 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was carried out in 2017-2020 to study the action and effect of organic fertilizer Bio-Marais brands: Bio-Fish and Bio-Algo in combination with mineral fertilizers in doses: (NPK)60, (NPK)90 on yield and the quality of potatoes, a decrease in the development and prevalence of rhizoctonia disease (Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kuhn), showed the feasibility of using drugs in the cultivation of potatoes in the extreme conditions of the Kamchatka Territory. Double treatment with preparations (pre-planting and spraying of plants during the growing season) on backgrounds (NPK)90 and (NPK)60 contributed to obtaining an increase in yield: from the use of Bio-Fish it was 11.0 and 12.3%, from Bio-Algo – 9.3 and 9.8%. When assessing the effect of the studied fertilizers on the crop yield in the aftereffect (the use of seed potatoes according to the research options for the next year against the backgrounds: (NPK)90 and (NPK)60 90, without treatment), a positive trend was noted: against the background of (NPK)60 in the options with Bio-Algo and Bio-Fish yields increased by 11 and 12%; against the background of (NPK)90 in the variant with Bio-Fish, a yield equivalent to the yield of potatoes in the economic control was formed against the background of (NPK)120, which makes it possible to reduce the dose of mineral nutrition by 30%. The combination of pre-planting tubers and plant spraying held back the development of Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kuhn: the degree of development of the disease did not exceed an average of 5.0%, prevalence - 19.9%, damage to sprouts - 4.0%, tubers - 2.2%, biological efficiency from the use of organic fertilizers was 69.8 - 73.0 %. In the year when Bio-Algo and Bio-Fish were used, a low level of nitrates in tubers was not more than 70.2 mg / kg, in aftereffect - 57.4, which is 3.4-4.2 times lower than the maximum permissible value. Against the background of (NPK)90 with single and double spraying of Bio-Algo plants, the maximum amount of vitamin C in tubers was obtained - an average of 13.31 mg%, against the background of (NPK)60 with double spraying of Bio-Fish plants - 14.30 mg%. The aftereffect against the background (NPK)60 with single and double spraying of Bio-Algo and Bio-Fish plants of vitamin C in tubers increased by 4.56 and 6.24 mg%; by 6.48 and 4.92 mg% compared to the background (5.28 mg%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the study of the effect of the reducing agent on the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles. It was found that the particles synthesized by the reduction with glucose are unstable and undergo aggregation and oxidation. It has been determined that Cu nanoparticles formed upon reduction with ascorbic acid are oxidized in air with the formation of particles of the "core-shell" type. The phase composition of the particles has been refined. The X-ray diffraction showed the cubic metallic copper phase and diffuse maxima corresponding to the formation of the Cu2O phase. According to AFM data nanoparticles are up to 150 nm in height. The phase composition of nanoparticles remains stable when heated to 150 °C. It has been determined that Cu nanoparticles formed upon reduction with ascorbic acid are oxidized in air with the formation of particles of the "core-shell" type. Upon reduction with ascorbic acid, Cu nanoparticles are formed, which are further oxidized in air to form particles of the "core-shell" type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chili pepper is a food that is rapidly damaged, generally, chili pepper is harvested and stored with stem to be looked fresh and to attract consumers during marketing. However, the effect of the stem on the quality of chili pepper has not been known yet. This research aimed to know the effect of stem on chili pepper's chemical content or quality during storage. The research was divided into two treatments: chili pepper with stem and without the stem. The results showed that the best treatment based on chemical content such as vitamin C, pH, and moisture content was chili pepper without the stem. However, based on capsaicin content and organoleptic test, the best result came from the treatment with the stem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in mango fruit production is due to their high nutritional content, affordability, and relatively easy to find. However, like other horticultural crops, Mango can be easily bruised or damaged. The fruit damage can be caused by improper post-harvest handling, causing mango quality and short shelf life. The aim of this study to determine the shelf life and quality of Golek Mango stored in Zero Energy Cool Chamber (ZECC) using low-density polyethylene (LDPE) packaging and LDPE packaging with additional perforations. This research was conducted from January to March 2021 with two stages. The first stage was observing the physical quality of the fruit and then post-harvest treatment such as washing, packaging, and storing mangoes at ZECC temperature (±26 °C). The second stage was the mango quality test after storage. The analysis performed were weight loss, firmness, vitamin C, total acid, total dissolved solids, pH, water content, skin color, and sensory. The results obtained in this study were mangoes packed with LDPE and LDPE with perforations, respectively, 18 and 15 days. Mango packaged in LDPE packaging retained vitamin C, total acid, total dissolved solids, pH, the water content of L* color, b* color, organoleptic color, aroma, texture, and taste. Mangoes packed with perforated LDPE packaging can retain total dissolved solids, L* color, water content, b * color, organoleptic color, aroma, texture, and taste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to synthesize coumarins, which have a structurally interesting antioxidant function. To produce target molecules, several reaction pathways were used to modify 7-hydroxycoumarin. Different spectroscopical approaches were used to characterize molecular structures (Fourier transformation infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance). Various in vitro spectrophometric tests against the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and hydrogen peroxide were used to assess antioxidant activity (H2O2). When compared to ascorbic acid, all substances performed well as antioxidants. Compound 4 had the highest efficiency scavenging activity (90.0 ±3.0), followed by compounds 3 and 2 (87.05 ±.00; and 86.0 ±2.00). The standard medication was ascorbic acid C, which had 91.00 ±1.5 of a percentage inhibition. The antioxidant mechanisms of the produced compounds were also investigated. Since the newly synthesized derivatives contain a variety of functional groups and may be microbiologically active. As a result, we examined the microbiological function of these derivatives in a variety of bacteria and fungi species. In terms of microorganism growth inhibition, the compounds tested showed varying levels of activity. Antibacterial properties have been discovered in newly synthesized derivatives. The synthesized coumarins were determined DFT using molecular structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study evaluated the potential of Averrhoa bilimbi fruit filtrate (ABFF) as a carrier of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). LAB isolates were inoculated into ABFF, incubated, and pH and LAB were determined. The LAB-inoculated ABFF were stored at ±25°C or ±4°C. On days 4, 15 and 30, the culture was sampled and determined for LAB, pH, lactic acid, vitamin C and antioxidant capacity. As a control, LAB isolates were inoculated in deMan Rogosa Sharpe broth and stored at the same temperatures and periods. The LAB linearly increased, while pH decreased with incubation period. The type of LAB medium exerted no effect on LAB counts. The pH was lower in LAB-inoculated ABFF than that in LABinoculated MRS broth. Compared to MRS broth, LAB-inoculated ABFF showed higher vitamin C, and that the concentration decreased with the incubation temperature and storage. The 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzthiazolin-6-sulfonicacid) inhibition percentage was higher in LAB-inoculated MRS broth than that of ABFF. Incubation temperature reduced the antioxidant capacity of the LAB-inoculated culture. Overall, ABFF was able to support the growth of LAB, and could therefore be alternative as LAB culture medium. The presence of vitamin C and antioxidants in filtrate supported the potential of ABFF as a carrier of LAB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin C can be obtained from green vegetables and fruits, one of which is wheatgrass. Wheatgrass (Triticum aestivum L.) can be processed into food, drinks, and health supplements that are very beneficial for the body. In this study, quantitative analysis was carried out by measuring the levels of vitamin C in wheatgrass extract from four different growing media using the UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method. The planting media used were AB Mix soil, AB Mix husk, soil water and water husk. The statistical analysis obtained p<0.005. It was concluded that there were differences in vitamin C levels of wheatgrass extract (Triticum aestivum L.) from different planting media. The highest levels of vitamin C were in wheatgrass grown on AB Mix husk media 281,274 ppm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]