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Copyright of COMU Journal of Agriculture Faculty / ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de lojistik sektöründe araç kullanımının sera gazı emisyonları üzerindeki etkisini VAR modeli kullanarak incelemektedir. Araştırma, lojistik faaliyetlerinin çevresel etkilerine dair içgörü sağlamayı ve emisyon azaltımıyla ilgili bilgi vermek amaçlamakta ve bu bağlamda araç kullanım göstergeleri ile emisyon verileri arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz etmektedir. Bulgular, Türkiye'deki lojistik sektöründe araç kullanımı ile sera gazı emisyonları arasında tutarlı şekilde bir korelasyon olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışma, taşımacılık modlarında toplam araç sayısının artışıyla sera gazı emisyonunun da arttığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bulgular, araç kullanımının optimize edilmesinin, lojistik sektöründeki sera gazı emisyonlarının azaltılmasında önemli bir strateji olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Gelecekteki çalışmalar, boylamsal analizlere, karşılaştırmalı çalışmalara, teknolojik yeniliklere, politika çıkarımlarına ve entegre bir yaklaşıma odaklanarak bu ilişkiyi daha da derinlemesine anlamamıza ve sürdürülebilir lojistik stratejilerinin geliştirilmesine rehberlik etmeye odaklanmalıdır. Bu şekilde lojistik sektörü, sürdürülebilirliğe ve verimliliğe katkıda bulunarak Türkiye'de ve uluslararası alanda daha yeşil ve dirençli bir sektörün gelişimine yardımcı olabilir.

Bu çalışmada, Konya Seydişehir ilçesinde bulunan Seydişehir Sulama Birliği sulama işletmesi çevresel etkileri yönünden değerlendirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda birliğin sulama suyu kullanım etkinliği ile sulama kaynaklı enerji tüketimi ve buna bağlı gerçekleşen sera gazı emisyonları değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Değerlendirme 2010, 2015 ve 2020 yılları için yapılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre; sulama birliğinde su temin oranı 2010, 2015 ve 2020 yılları için sırasıyla 0,30, 0,97 ve 1,81 olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Üç yıl için ortalama su temin oranı, 1,03 olarak belirlenmiştir. Seydişehir Sulama Birliği’nde toplam enerji tüketimi, 2010 yılında 11.616.348,9 MJ/yıl, 2015 yılında 29.006.792,6 MJ/yıl ve 2020 yılında 106.083.920,9 MJ/yıl olarak hesaplanmıştır. Birim alana karşılık enerji miktarı (EA), 2010 yılında 2.172,1 MJ/ha/yıl, 2015 yılında 8.028,5 MJ/ha/yıl ve 2020 yılında 11.898,2 MJ/ha/yıl, birim sulama suyuna karşılık enerji miktarı ise (ES), üç yıl için de 1,139 MJ/m3/yıl olarak hesaplanmıştır. Seydişehir Sulama Birliği’nde toplam emisyon miktarı, 2010 yılında 788.129,9 kgCO2eşd/yıl, 2015 yılında 1.968.012,5 kgCO2eşd/yıl ve 2020 yılında 7.197.434,2 kgCO2eşd/yıl olarak belirlenmiştir. Birim alana karşılık emisyon miktarı (SGA), 2010 yılında 147,4 kgCO2eşd/ha/yıl, 2015 yılında 544,7 kgCO2eşd/ha/yıl ve 2020 yılında 807,2 kgCO2eşd/ha/yıl, birim sulama suyuna karşılık emisyon miktarı (SGS), üç yıl için de aynı değeri sahip olup, 0,077 kgCO2eşd/m3/yıl olarak hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, sulama birliğinde enerji tüketimi ve sera gazı emisyonu hususunda sürekli bir artışın olduğu ve özellikle 2020 yılında artış oranının bir hayli yüksek olduğu görülmektedir. Aynı şekilde su temin oranlarında yıllara bağlı olarak artış meydana gelmiştir.

Copyright of Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences / İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Commerce University Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hitit Journal of Economics & Politics / Hitit Ekonomi ve Politika Dergisi is the property of Hitit Journal of Economics & Politics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hayvancılık faaliyetleri sonucunda atmosferde karbondioksit (CO2), metan (CH4) ve nitröz oksit (N2O) gazları açığa çıkmakta ve açığa çıkan bu gazlar küresel olarak iklim değişikliğine etki etmektedir. Hayvansal üretim önemli bir endüstri haline gelmiştir ve sera gazı emisyonlarının seviyelerini dikkate değer ölçüde arttırmıştır. Bu bağlamda, sera gazı emisyonlarını azaltma stratejilerinde hayvansal üretimin büyük bir rolü bulunmaktadır. Hayvansal üretim sistemlerinde sera gazı üretimini artıran bazı faktörler bulunmaktadır. Bu unsurlar arasında arazi kullanımı, enterik fermantasyon, gübre yönetimi ve işleme ve nakliye gibi unsurlar en üst sıralarda yer almaktadır. Anılan faktörler arasında enterik fermantasyon ruminantların yem alım seviyesine, yemlerin ruminantlar tarafından sindirilebilirliğine bağlı olarak sindirim sistemlerinde metan (CH4) gazı açığa çıkarmakta ve metan (CH4) emisyonlarını meydana getirmektedir. Ruminantların, diğer çiftlik hayvanlarına oranla daha yüksek biyokütleleri ve sindirim ürünleri nedeniyle sera gazı emisyonlarına etkisi daha fazladır. Sera gazını hafifletmeye yönelik yapılan son çalışmalarda, literatürde farklı azaltma stratejileri vurgulanmaktadır. Bu derleme makalede sera gazı emisyonlarını azaltmaya yönelik stratejiler ele alınmıştır.

In this study, it is aimed to determine the energy use and greenhouse gas emission in greenhouse tomato production in Antalya and to reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions by optimizing the inputs to be used. In the study, the amount of energy input and output and the amount of greenhouse gas emissions were found by multiplying the amount of inputs used in greenhouse tomato cultivation with the energy equivalence coefficients and greenhouse gas emission coefficients. The energy equivalent amounts of the inputs and the greenhouse gas emission equivalent amounts were analyzed with the help of data envelopment analysis and the optimum usage amounts and production efficiency of the enterprises were determined. According to the data obtained as a result of the research, the total technical efficiency was determined as 0.833, the pure technical efficiency was 0.975 and the scale efficiency was 0.853 in the enterprises growing greenhouse tomatoes in Antalya. The current energy input of the enterprises is calculated as 7 583.8MJ. It has been determined that a decrease of 9.50% in energy input and 7.81% in GHG emission can be achieved with the provision of efficiency in the enterprises, in other words, with the use of optimum inputs. According to this result, the same output amount as providing technical efficiency in enterprises; 56.66% less chemical fertilizer, 15.08% less fuel, 10.34% less electricity, 8.45% less farm manure, 3.96% less chemical pesticides, 2.72% less machinery. It has been determined that 2.63% less labor and 0.15% less irrigation water energy can be obtained and a 7.81% reduction in GHG emissions can be achieved. Measures to increase labor productivity, especially farmer training on the use of inputs, encouraging the use of renewable energy sources and efficient use of input sources for sustainable agriculture, etc. recommendations are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Public Finance Studies / Maliye Çalismalari Dergisi is the property of Journal of Public Finance Studies / Maliye Calismalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anadolu (1300-0225) is the property of Anadolu Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dünya Meteoroloji Örgütü 2019 yılına kadarki son 10 yılın dünya tarihinin en sıcak 10 yılı olduğunu açıklamıştır. Küresel ısınmanın sonucu olarak iklim de değişime uğramaktadır. Küresel iklim değişikliğine negatif etkide bulunan ve her geçen gün olumsuz etkisini hızlandıran sektörlerden biri ulaşımdır. Ulaşım sektörü, atmosferdeki sera gazı emisyonunun %23’lük bölümünü oluşturmaktadır. Atmosfere salınan sera gazının büyük çoğunluğunu CO2 gazı oluşturmaktadır. CO2 gazı miktarının artışı ise sıcaklık artışına, kuraklığa, buzulların erimesine, deniz suyu seviyesinin artmasına, sellere ve aşırı yağışlara neden olmaktadır. Atmosferdeki CO2 gazı seviyesinin artışına neden olan en büyük etmen insanların yapmış olduğu faaliyetlerdir. İnsan kaynaklı CO2 gazı üretiminin önemli bir kısmını ulaşım sektörü oluşturmaktadır. Tüm dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de futbol en fazla ilgi gösterilen spor dalıdır. Bu nedenle futbolun oynandığı stadyum yapıları da aynı derecede öneme sahiptir. Avrupa Futbol Şampiyonası, UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi, Olimpiyat Oyunları gibi uluslararası organizasyonların düzenleneceği ülke konusunda yapılacak seçimlerde stadyumların sahip olduğu UEFA, FIFA, yeşil bina sertifikası kriterleri önemli olmaktadır. Bu kriterler enerji, su tasarrufu, geri dönüşüm gibi maddelerin yanı sıra bu çalışmanın konusu da olan stadyumların konumu ve ulaşımından oluşmaktadır. Bu noktada ulaşıma yılın belirli zamanlarında yüksek oranda katılım gösteren stadyumların kentteki konumuna dikkat çekmek gerekir. Bu çalışmada İzmir Atatürk Stadyumu, Konya Büyükşehir Belediye Stadyumu ve İstanbul Atatürk Olimpiyat Stadyumu’nun kentteki konumları ulaşım açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Bu değerlendirme sonucunda; stadyumların kent merkezinin dışında, otoyol ve ulaşım hatlarına yakın olacak şekilde tasarlanması ile atmosfere etki eden CO2 emisyonunun ulaşım kaynaklı etkisinin azalacağı tespit edilmiştir.

Copyright of SDU Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design / Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi is the property of Journal of Engineering Sciences & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, which investigates the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth, the data of the G7 countries from 1993 to 2018 were used. Gengenbach, Urbain and Westerlund panel cointegration analysis was used in the study in which economic growth, energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and trade openness values were included in the analysis. In addition, the mean group dynamic least squares (DOLSMG) method was used for the estimation of the long-term relationship, and the extended mean group estimator (AMG) method was used for the estimation of the long and short-term relationship. According to the results of the cointegration analysis, it has been determined that energy consumption, trade openness, greenhouse gas emissions and economic growth are cointegrated. According to the results of the average group dynamic least squares (DOLSMG) method for the estimation of the long-term relationship, it was concluded that the independent variables affect the energy consumption in the long run. Finally, according to the results of the AMG method used to estimate the long- and shortterm relationship, it was determined that i) trade openness was statistically insignificant, ii) the increase in greenhouse gas emissions and economic growth increased energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the increasing world population today, it is expected that humanity will face the danger of depletion of resources. One of the aims of "Sustainable Nutrition" is to transfer resources to future generations. At the beginning of what can be done for this, traditional nutrition models and eating habits; change with environmental and health-beneficial eating patterns and habits. Additionally, for sustainable nutrition, it is important to find alternative protein sources that nutritional contents are close to animal protein-based foods, accessible and acceptable by everyone. In recent years, the importance of this concept has increased in our country. This review aims to provide comprehensive information to increase the awareness of people about alternative protein sources that can be consumed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions effect in the coming centuries with nutrition models based on plant-based foods, which are the highest sustainability in terms of sustainable nutrition and environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Duzce University Journal of Science & Technology is the property of Duzce University Journal of Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nowadays, “energy production” and “global climate change and mitigation”, which are in direct relation with each other, are the most important environmental problems waiting for a solution. Renewable and sustainable energy sources provide the most appropriate alternatives for the solution of this problem. In Turkey, one of the important raw material potential of renewable and sustainable energy sources is “Biomass energy”; it is used in biogas production, biofuel production such as biodiesel, bioethanol, biobuthanol and gasification-burning technology. In this study; the potential for agricultural wastes derived from agricultural activities and domestic wastes from Çukurkuyu town of Niğde where the main economic source are agriculture and livestock, were calculated by using incineration technology, which is one of the methods of production of renewable electric energy. In this study, a feasibility study was carried out for the production of renewable electricity from the wastes generated in the town and the potential of renewable electricity generation was determined by the obtained data. Moreover, in this study, fossil fuel balance of the electricity produced from biomass was determined and potential for greenhouse gas emission reduction was determined. Thus, as an alternative to fossil fuels, energy production from renewable sources has been determined both in agricultural waste management.

Nowadays, one of the factors that have an impact on climate change is wastewater treatment facilities. The main greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are carbondioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) in waste water treatment plants. GHG emissions are caused by several items such as the electric consumption, treatment process, sludge treatment, sludge transportation for disposal in the WWTP. The purpose of this paper is the optimization and estimation of GHG emissions from a central wastewater treatment plant in an organized industrial district in Tekirdag. GHG emissions from WWTP have been calculated using ECAM web tool that is designed by WaCCliM organization. This work analyzed GHG emissions are compared and estimated for different months with in two sections. The highest emissions were estimated in December to be 226.573 kgCO2eq/month because the wastewater flow and wastewater load were increased. The highest emission in summer months was estimated to be 195.174 kgCO2eq/month for July. The results of this work showed that the most of expenses are spent through electric energy consumption and sludge transportation and disposal in the WWTP. GHG emissions are minimized if it is increased the use of renewable energy sources and is decreased to produce disposal sludges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Omer Halisdemir Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Omer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Economics & Admistrative Sciene and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Küresel ısınmaya karşı alınan önlemlerin başında, farklı ekonomik sektörler için sera gazı emisyonu kontrolü gelmektedir. Türkiye’nin de taraf olduğu Birleşmiş Milletler İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi’ne göre taraflar ekonomik sektörlerden salınan sera gazı miktarlarını yıllık olarak raporlamakla yükümlüdürler. Atık sektörü, insan kaynaklı sera gazı emisyonunun %3’ünü, atıksu arıtımı ise atık sektöründen kaynaklanan sera gazı emisyonunun %20’sini oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, eşdeğer nüfusu 2344000 olan, biyolojik besi maddesi giderimi yapılan ve çamurun anaerobik olarak çürütüldüğü bir evsel atıksu arıtma tesisinde sera gazı emisyonunu etkileyen faktörler, GPS-X 6.5 model yazılımı kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, çamur yaşı ve çözünmüş oksijen parametreleri ele alınmıştır. Çamur yaşı için 2, 5, 9, 13 ve 18 gün değerleri test edilmiş ve sırasıyla 0, 618508, 565961, 565681 ve 554684 t CO2 eşd/yıl doğrudan emisyon miktarı tahmin edilmiştir. Beş günün üzerinde, artan çamur yaşıyla emisyon miktarının azaldığı görülmüştür. Çözünmüş oksijen konsantrasyonu parametresi için 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 ve 3.0 mg/L değerleri incelenmiştir ve sırasıyla 1455632, 999243, 719380, 583603, 503275 ve 449997 t CO2 eşd/yıl doğrudan emisyon miktarı tahmin edilmiştir. Havalandırma tankında artan çözünmüş oksijen konsantrasyonu ile doğrudan sera gazı emisyonun azaldığı görülmüştür. Duyarlılık analizi ile sera gazı emisyonuna çözünmüş oksijen parametresinin, çamur yaşı parametresinden daha fazla etkisi olduğu görülmüştür.

Küresel ısınmaya karşı alınan önlemlerin başında, farklı ekonomik sektörler için sera gazı emisyonu kontrolü gelmektedir. Türkiye’nin de taraf olduğu Birleşmiş Milletler İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi’ne göre taraflar ekonomik sektörlerden salınan sera gazı miktarlarını yıllık olarak raporlamakla yükümlüdürler. Atık sektörü, insan kaynaklı sera gazı emisyonunun %3’ünü, atıksu arıtımı ise atık sektöründen kaynaklanan sera gazı emisyonunun %20’sini oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, eşdeğer nüfusu 2344000 olan, biyolojik besi maddesi giderimi yapılan ve çamurun anaerobik olarak çürütüldüğü bir evsel atıksu arıtma tesisinde sera gazı emisyonunu etkileyen faktörler, GPS-X 6.5 model yazılımı kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla, çamur yaşı ve çözünmüş oksijen parametreleri ele alınmıştır. Çamur yaşı için 2, 5, 9, 13 ve 18 gün değerleri test edilmiş ve sırasıyla 0, 618508, 565961, 565681 ve 554684 t CO2 eşd/yıl doğrudan emisyon miktarı tahmin edilmiştir. Beş günün üzerinde, artan çamur yaşıyla emisyon miktarının azaldığı görülmüştür. Çözünmüş oksijen konsantrasyonu parametresi için 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 ve 3.0 mg/L değerleri incelenmiştir ve sırasıyla 1455632, 999243, 719380, 583603, 503275 ve 449997 t CO2 eşd/yıl doğrudan emisyon miktarı tahmin edilmiştir. Havalandırma tankında artan çözünmüş oksijen konsantrasyonu ile doğrudan sera gazı emisyonun azaldığı görülmüştür. Duyarlılık analizi ile sera gazı emisyonuna çözünmüş oksijen parametresinin, çamur yaşı parametresinden daha fazla etkisi olduğu görülmüştür.

Carbon pricing, which is widely implemented by many governments as an effective tool for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and transition to a low carbon economy, not only reduces carbon emissions, but also provides significant income to governments. Nowadays, the question of what purpose and how governments use revenues from carbon pricing and whether the use of revenues makes an additional contribution to reducing emissions is a special importance. The aim of this study is to analyze the usage areas of the revenues obtained from carbon pricing, the suitability and effectiveness of these income usage areas for the environmental purpose of carbon pricing. In this study, the use of carbon revenues is discussed under five headings: tax reduction, allocation to the general budget, prevention of climate change, direct transfer and financing of development. Although there are generally legal and political restrictions on the use of carbon revenues, there is no consensus on the use of income between governments. While some revenue uses contribute additionally to the reduction of emissions, some do not contribute to the reduction of emissions and if there is transparency about how to use carbon revenues, both the public acceptability of carbon pricing and the effectiveness in revenue use will increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Engineering Research & Development (IJERAD) is the property of International Journal of Engineering Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Climate change has been identified as the gravest threat in The World Economic Forum's Global Risk Report since 2016. The main cause of global climate change is the increase in greenhouse gas emissions. The Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) is the most common environmental reporting platform in the world that encourages enterprises to disclose information about their goals for reducing greenhouse gas emissions on behalf of institutional investors. In this study, data about the responding levels of Turkish companies for CDP questionnaire and their CDP scores are obtained for the period 2010-2018 and then the relationship between being listed in the Sustainability Index and CDP reporting are analyzed. The analyses revealed that, although the number of responding companies has increased over the years, it is still 50% for nonrespondents. Besides, the BIST Sustainability Index, launched in 2014 for sustainability reporting, contributes to CDP Reporting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tekirdağ is a city that located in Northwest of Turkey. Hayrabolu is one the sub districts of Tekirdağ. Total greenhouse gas emissions and average global warming factor for Hayrabolu and its districts were estimated as a result of household waste collection activities. This study was carried out during May of 2017. The amount of distance travelled and disel fuel consumed by waste collection vehicles were recorded. These recorded values were used for the calculation and estimation of greenhouse gases amounts. The quantified disel fuel consumptions for each waste collection vehicles were evaluated separately in order to compare with each other. Total monthly greenhouse gas emission for Hayrabolu was estimated as 18,68 tons CO2-equivalent. On the other hand, the average monthly global warming factor was calculated as 13,30 kg CO2-equivalent per ton of waste collected. Lastly, these estimated values were compared with the values in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major measure taken on global warming is to control greenhouse gas emission for different economic sectors. Within the context of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), to which Turkey is party, parties are obliged to report annual greenhouse gas emissions from each economic sector. Greenhouse gas emissions from the waste sector account for approximately 3% of global human-induced greenhouse gas emissions, while wastewater treatment accounts for 20% of the greenhouse gas emissions from waste sector. In this study, factors effecting direct greenhouse gas emission in a wastewater treatment plant with an equivalent population of 2344000 were investigated by using GPS-X 6.5 software. Biological nutrient removal was conducted and sludge was digested under anaerobic conditions in the wastewater treatment plant. Both sludge age and dissolved oxygen parameters were investigated. 2, 5, 9, 13, and 18 days of sludge age were tested, and direct emissions of 0, 618508, 565961, 565681 and 554684 t CO2 eq/year were calculated, respectively. Direct emission amount decreased with increasing sludge age over five days. Dissolved oxygen emissions of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mg/L were tested, and direct emissions of 1455632, 999243, 719380, 583603, 503275 and 449997 t CO2 eq/year were calculated, respectively. Direct emission amount decreased with increasing dissolved oxygen concentration in the aeration tank. Considering sensitivity analysis, dissolved oxygen parameter is more effective on greenhouse gas emissions in comparison to the sludge age parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of soil and air temperature on soil carbon dioxide emission. The air temperature in Isparta province of Turkey was measured about 20°C during the day and 10°C at night in the last week of September 2014. Temperature difference measured for soil and air during day and night will be given in the paper. An automated CFX-2 soil carbon dioxide flux system (PP Systems, Hitchin, UK) was used to record soil CO2 emission for during 24 hours at 15 minutes intervals. Additionally, concomitantly soil/air temperature and soil evaporation were recorded. The soil and air temperature as min, max, and average were recorded during the trials as 13.6, 16.3, 14.9 and 2.1, 28.9, 14.1oC the for mentioned period, respectively. Besides, soil CO2 emission as min, max and average was recorded as 0.014, 0.22, 0.07 g CO2 m-2h-1 respectively. Results showed that the soil temperature did not affect soil CO2 emission (R=0.05). However, air temperature affected soil CO2 emission (R=0.58). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important environmental problems in the world is the increasing of greenhouse gas emissions. The biggest part of greenhouse gas emissions is caused by energy sector in the word. Additionally, transportation in the energy sector is the essential source of the man made emission of greenhouse gasses. Because of the rising of population and the development of technology, the emission of greenhouse gases has been rising. It's very important to invest in new technologies along with the enforcements of new regulations.In this study, the regulations about the end of life vehicles (ELV), applied in Turkey in 2003, was assessed as a model and the same model was applied in 2010 to predict the effect on greenhouse gas emission. Vehicles over 20 years have been accepted as ELV. Greenhouse gas emissions were calculated for two situations; ELV regulation is prevailed or not. In case of applying the ELV regulation, two approaches were accepted; (1) 30% of vehicles over 20 years will be disposed off, (2) a new car will be in traffic for each ELV which disposed off. The decrease of greenhouse emissions in 2010 and 2011 were examined as 0.3 % and 1.9 % for CO2; 1.2 % and 3.8 % for N2O; 3.9 % and 12.8 % for CH4; 5.3 % and 17.6 % for CO; 3.6 % and 12.4 % for NOx; 5.6 % and 18.4 % for HC, respectively. 50 % of road transport is consisted of cars. If all the vehicles were evaluated within ELV regulation, the decrease of greenhouse emission might be 2 times more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]