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The extensive utilization of boric acid, particularly in industrial and agricultural sectors, also engenders concerns regarding the toxicity of boron and its derivatives. Particularly, the behavior of boric acid at increasing concentrations in aquatic ecosystems remains poorly understood. In light of these concerns, this study aimed to investigate the toxicity of boric acid in bivalves, which occupy a critical position in the food chain. Specimens of Ruditapes decussatus, which had not been previously exposed to any pollutants and were cultivated under controlled conditions, were subjected to three different concentrations of boric acid (0.05 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, and 5 mg/L) in vitro for 96 h. Following the exposure period, the specimens were assessed for histological changes (the mantle, gill, and digestive gland) and specific oxidative parameters (the gill and digestive gland), including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase, and lipid peroxidation (LPO). The research findings indicated that boric acid primarily induced oxidative damage at the applied concentrations and increased antioxidant levels (p < 0.05). Moreover, although no significant histopathological abnormalities were observed in the examined histological sections, subtle changes were noted. This study evaluated the potential adverse effects of boric acid on bivalves, which are crucial components of the aquatic food chain, utilizing histological and specific physiological parameters following its introduction into aquatic environments. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will contribute to the development of new insights and perspectives regarding the extensive use of boric acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was aimed to examine the effects of oxidant-antioxidant status and massage applicati on swith opium oil on some blood values. After the study, the question of whether opium oil can be used as aromatrapic massage oil was sought to be answered. Necessary permissions were obtained before the research. Thirty healthy women between the ages of 18-25 participated in thestudy. Participants in the study were applied as liquid (10 people) Vaseline (10 people) and the control group (10 people) for 8 weeks, 3 days a week for an average of 30-40 minutes. The fatty acids of the opium oil to be used before the massage were analyzed. Blood was drawn forthe 4th time from the participants in all groups: 1 day before and after the 1st session in the 1st week, after 12 sessions in the 4th week, and after the 24th session in the 8th week. Biochemical, hematological parameters, DNA damage, andsome vitamin values were analyzed from blood samples. Covariance analysis was used by making normality distribution in statistical analysis. Tukey-Kramer test was used for group differences. The level of significance was set at p 0.05. There were statistically significant differences in biochemical and hematological values between the groups (p

Background: Scabies is one of the most common diseases in dogs. It threatens both animals and humans due to its zoonotic potential. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oxidant/antioxidant balance with hematological findings in dogs infested with sarcoptic mange. Methods: The animals evaluated in this study consisted of 32 mixed-breed dogs between 1 and 2 years of age. The dogs were allocated into two groups: a control group (infestation-free animals; n=10), and a sarcoptic mange-infected group (Sarcoptes, n=22). Dogs in the Sarcoptes group showed infestation signs such as intense itching, excoriations, alopecia, and blistering of the elbow and auricular margins. Results: Significant increase (p

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the oxidant and antioxidant parameters in follicular fluid and embryo culture medium in IVF cycles and investigate their effects on embryo quality, fertilization success, and pregnancy. Materials and Methods: Fifty-one patients who underwent IVF/ICSI were included in this prospective study. Two hundred sixty of a total of 454 follicular fluids and the cell culture media of transferred fifty-one embryos (one from each patient) were examined. Antioxidant activity (AOA), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), thiobarbiturate reactive substances (TBARS), ferric antioxidant power (FRAP), paraoxonase, nitrotyrosine were analyzed. Results: TBARS were significantly lower in the follicular fluid of fertilized oocytes than in non-fertilized oocytes (21 vs. 29.75 nmol/ml). There was no difference in terms of other parameters. TEAC levels were higher in oocytes in the agonist protocol group than in the antagonist protocol group. In terms of embryo quality, there were no differences between the groups in any analysis. TEAC levels were higher in the embryo cell culture medium in the group that became pregnant after embryo transfer on the second day. Conclusion: When oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters were evaluated in both follicle fluid and embryo cell culture medium, it was determined that lipid peroxidation negatively affected fertilization. However, there is no significant difference in terms of embryo quality and pregnancy rates.

Objective(s): Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a prominent health problem worldwide and it may lead to cognitive dysfunction, disability, and even death. To date, there is no effective treatment for TBI. Our previous study showed that Huperzine A (HupA) improved cognitive function in a mouse model of TBI. However, the detailed mechanism of HupA remains unaddressed. In this study, we investigated the possible mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of HupA. Materials and Methods: C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups as sham, injured with vehicle treatment, and injured with HupA treatment groups. The Morris water maze task was used to evaluate the impairment of special learning and memory. Brain edema was as-sessed by measuring the wet weight to dry weight ratio. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels were measured for oxidative stress. Protein expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygen-ase-1(HO-1), and synaptophysin were detected by Western blot. The brain sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) for histology study.Results: We found that HupA therapy improved histology and cognitive functional outcomes after TBI. HupA reduced brain edema in TBI mice. furthermore, HupA inhibited ox-idative stress. HupA promoted nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nu-clear translocation and activated Nrf2 after TBI. Conclusion: HupA protects against TBI through antioxidative effects via the Nrf2-ARE pathway.

Copyright of Lijecnicki Vjesnik is the property of Croatian Medical Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) were previously shown to effectively rescue ovarian function in a premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) mouse model. The therapeutic mechanism of hAMSC-derived exosomes (hAMSC-Exos) is not fully understood. In this study, the therapeutic mechanism involved in exosomal microRNA-320a (miR-320a) and Sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) was investigated in POI mouse ovaries oocytes and human granulosa cells (hGCs) by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunofluorescence experiments. hAMSC-Exos improved proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, and decreased the expression of SIRT4 and relative genes in POI hGCs and ovaries. hAMSC-Exos elevated ovarian function and prohibited SIRT4 expression in oogenesis. The therapeutic effects were attenuated when miR-320a was knocked down. hAMSC-Exos decreased the ROS levels in POI hGCs and oocytes and improved ovarian weight and litter size, except for the Exosanti-miR-320a/POI group. Finally, hAMSC-Exos reduced the SIRT4 and ROS levels in POI ovaries and hGCs. The downstream protein expression (ANT2, AMP-dependent kinase [AMPK], and L-OPA1) was downregulated in the hGCs-SIRT4KD group but disappeared in the Exosanti-miR-320a/POI group. Our study is the first to illustrate the therapeutic potential of hAMSC-Exos in POI. Exosomal miR-320 plays a key role in the hAMSC-Exos-mediated effects on ovarian function via SIRT4 signaling.

Oxidative stress (OS) is a major disruption in the physiology of the lacrimal functional unit (LFU). Antioxidant enzymes have dual protective activities: antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Peroxidases have been indistinctly used as markers of the secretory activity of the LFU and implicated in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of dry eye disease (DED), even though they comprise a large family of enzymes that includes lactoperoxidase (LPO) and glutathione peroxidase (GPO), among others. Assays to measure and correlate OS with other local LFU phenomena have methodological limitations. Studies implicate molecules and reactions involved in OS as markers of homeostasis, and other studies identify them as part of the physiopathology of diseases. Despite these conflicting concepts and observations, it is clear that OS is influential in the development of DED. Moreover, many antioxidant strategies have been proposed for its treatment, including calorie restriction to nutritional supplementation. This review offers a critical analysis of the biological mechanisms, diagnostic outcomes, drug use, dietary supplements, and life habits that implicate the influence of OS on DED.

In this study, antioxidant, oxidant and oxidative stress index of Thymbra spicata L. collected from Duhok (Iraq) region were determined. The aerial parts of the plant were extracted with ethanol. Rel Assay Diagnostics kits were used for detect TAS, TOS and OSI values. As a result of the studies, it was determined that TAS value of plant extract was determined 8.399±0.102, TOS value was 6.530±0.115 and OSI value was 0.078±0.001. As a result, it was determined that T. spicata has high antioxidant potential and in this context, can be used as a natural resource.

Introduction This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate potential biomarkers of oxidative stress by analyzing serum thiol-disulfide homeostasis (TDH) and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels in children who have been diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods The study included 24 medication-naive children aged seven to 17 years diagnosed with MDD and 19 healthy controls matched for age, gender, and body mass index. Clinical interviews were conducted using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL-DSM-5), and diagnoses were made according to DSM-5. The Child Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Clinical Global Impression Scale-Severity (CGI-S) were also administered to the participants. Venous blood samples were taken from all subjects to assess TDH and IMA levels, considered potential oxidative stress indicators. Results The study showed no significant difference in TDH and IMA levels between the MDD and the control groups. Although not statistically significant, it was observed that native thiol and total thiol levels were higher in the MDD group. No direct relationship was found between disease severity and either TDH or IMA levels. Conclusion In conclusion, while there were no significant differences in the levels of TDH and IMA, higher levels of both native and total thiols were found in the MDD group., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Ethics Committee of Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University Yenimahalle Education and Research Hospital, issued approval E-2022-59, approval dated: 28/09/2022. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Okuyucu et al.)

It's a frightening time due to COVID-19, but the great elderly/centenarians, apparently with more frailty, seem to have a better response to the pandemic. “The South Italy” lifestyle seems an “effective strategy” promoting the well-being embedded in a holistic solution: healthy diet, less exposure to PM10 pollution, protected environment, and moderate physical activity. The European FP7 Project RISTOMED results, since 2010, have shown that dietary intervention improved a heathy status in the elderly people. Based on the RISTOMED results, in addition to sociocultural and environmental factors, the authors suggest an integrated approach for resilience to COVID-19. Such an approach during the next months could make the difference for the success of any government progress policy to fight COVID-19, finalizing long-term well-being and successful aging.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı acil servise renal kolik nedeniyle başvuran hastalarda oksidatif stresmarkerlarından olan tiyol/disülfid homeostazı parametreleri ile Nötrofil‐Lenfosit ve Platelet‐Lenfositoranlarının (NLO, PLO) beraber kullanımının tanı açısından yararlı olup olmadığını araştırmaktır.Materyal ve Metot: Çalışma 15.05.2018 ile 01.10.2018 tarihleri arasında acil servise başvuran ve çalışmayaalınan 75 hasta ve kontrol grubu olarak belirlenen 47 sağlıklı kişi ile prospektif olarak yapıldı. Erel veNeşelioğlu tarafından yeni geliştirilen bir metot ile oksidatif stres belirteci olan tiyol/disülfid homeostazparametreleri ( Tiyol, disülfid, disülfid / native tiyol, disüfid / total tiyol, native tiyol / total tiyol) ile NLOve PLO hasta ve kontrol grubunda çalışıldı. Üriner taş hastalığı olan ve olmayanlar arasında buparametreler karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: Renal koliği olanlarda kontrol grubuna göre, NLO, PLO, disülfid, disülfid /native tiyol vedisülfid /total tiyol ortalama değerleri anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunurken (sırasıyla p= 0.010,

It's a frightening time due to COVID-19, but the great elderly/centenarians, apparently with more frailty, seem to have a better response to the pandemic. "The South Italy" lifestyle seems an "effective strategy" promoting the well-being embedded in a holistic solution: healthy diet, less exposure to PM10 pollution, protected environment, and moderate physical activity. The European FP7 Project RISTOMED results, since 2010, have shown that dietary intervention improved a heathy status in the elderly people. Based on the RISTOMED results, in addition to sociocultural and environmental factors, the authors suggest an integrated approach for resilience to COVID-19. Such an approach during the next months could make the difference for the success of any government progress policy to fight COVID-19, finalizing long-term well-being and successful aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Oxidative stress has been considered to be one of the main causes for the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) via leading alteration of pulmonary vasomotor tone induced by hypoxia. The aim of this study is to determine the serum paraoxonase-1 enzyme (PON-1) activity, arylesterase activity, the antioxidant-oxidant status in patients with PH and to compare with healthy controls. Material and Methods: Thirty five healthy ındividuals (mean age 45.7±5.9 years) as a control group and thirty eight patients (mean age 46.5±12.6 years) with a diagnosis of PH wereincluded in thestudy. Serum PON-1 and arylesterase activity, the total antioxidative capacity of plasma (TAC) and total oxidantstatus (TOS) were measured by using colorimetric methods. The Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) wascalculated as TOS/ TACX100. Results: Serum PON1 activity is significantly lower in PH patients when compared with healthy controls (p=0.001). The serum arylesterase activity and TAC, TOS and OSI status were similarin bothgroups. There is inverse correlation between serum PON1 activityand NYHA functionalcapacity (r:-0.649 p=0.001). Furthermore, PON1 activity of study patients are similarin the PH subgroups. Serum activity of PON1 wasfoundto bethe only independent parameter for the presence of PH in binary logistic regression analysis (OR 0.984, 95 % CI 0.977-0.992, p=0.001). Eight patients died follow up period (27.6±14.5 months) and none of theparametersincluding PON1 were associated with mortality. Conclusion: Serum PON1 activity of PH patients is lowerthanhealthypopulation, but does not predictmortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, üremeye yardımcı tedavi merkezine başvuran hastaların folikül sıvı örneklerinde malat dehidrogenaz ve malik enzim aktivitelerini inceleyerek oosit ve embriyo gelişimi üzerindeki olası etkilerini araştırmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Otuz hasta yaşlarına göre 3 gruba ayrıldı. Hastaların folikül sıvı örneklerinde malat dehidrogenaz ve malik enzim aktivite değişimleri incelenerek serum folikül stimülan hormon ve estradiol düzeyleri ve diğer kriterlerle (yaş, toplanan oosit sayısı, gelişen embriyo sayısı, 1. kalite embriyo sayısı, 2. kalite embriyo sayısı) ilişkisi ve embriyo gelişimi üzerindeki olası etkileri karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: Malat dehidrogenaz-NADP aktivitesi ve estradiol düzeyi arasında zayıf fakat anlamlı bir korelasyon saptandı. En yüksek malat dehidrogenaz-NAD aktivitesi ve estradiol düzeyi ikinci grupta (30-45 yaş aralığı) bulundu. Bu grupta malat dehidrogenaz-NAD aktivitesi ve estradiol düzeyi arasında önemli bir korelasyon saptanmadı.Sonuç: NADPH, memeli oosit ve embriyolarında, lipit ve steroidal hormon sentezi ile enzimatik antioksidan koruma sistemleri için önemli bir kofaktördür. Sonuçlarımıza göre, insan foliküler sıvısında malat dehidrogenaz aktivitesinin varlığının gösterilmesi glukoz-6-fosfat dehidrogenaz aktivitesine ek olarak alternatif bir NADPH kaynağı olabileceğini düşündürmüştür.

Copyright of Online Turkish Journal of Health Sciences (OTJHS) / Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Oguz KARABAY and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Paracetamol is a cheap, pain-relieving, fever-reducing medicine that can be easily found. Paracetamol is metabolized in the liver. At high doses, paracetamol causes liver damage hich is called hepatotoxicity. Caffeic Acid Phenyl Ester (CAPE) has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Due to its long aromatic and aliphatic carbon structure, it passes easily through the cell wall and reaches the region where it will act more easily. The aim of this study is to understand the CAPE protective effect to hepatoxisitiy oxidative stress and inflamation during the application of paracetamol. In tis study 36 wistar rat was used and they were divided into six groups randomly. Control: given only forage. Paracetamol; 2 g/kg döşe of paracetamol. Paracetamol +CAPE; 2 g/kg döşe of paracetamol + 10 ug/kg CAPE. Paracematol + NAC; Paracetamol 2 g/kg + NAC (140 mg/kg); 140 mg/kg N-asetil Sistein applied after one hour 2 g/kg dose of 2 ml paracetamol. CAPE:10 microgram/kg CAPE and ethanol group. The data is analyzed statistically SpSS-18 ANOVA standard variaton. P<0.05 is accepted meaningful. According to the results obtained, it is seen that hepatoxisity induced paracetamol model has more oxidative stress statistically than the control group (P<0.05). The groups which were given CAPE and paracetamol group when compared, CAPE has protective effect to the occuring inflamation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ankara Medical Journal is the property of Yildirim Beyazit Üniversity and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Our findings show that retinal tissue damage is prevented by melatonin supplementation in diabetic aged female rats. • Increased SIRT1 gene expression with melatonin supplementation may be critical in preventing this damage. • Melatonin as a SIRT1 mediator in retinal tissue may be among the treatment strategies of diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to investigate how melatonin administration affects retinal oxidative damage and retinal SIRT1 gene activation in diabetic elderly female rat model. 16-months-old female rats were used in the study. A total of 24 rats were divided into 4 groups in equal numbers: Group 1. Control, Group 2. Control + Melatonin, Group 3. Diabetes, Group 4. Diabetes + Melatonin. In group 3 and 4 rats, diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of streptozotocin. Groups 2 and 4 were given ip melatonin for 4 weeks. SIRT-1 gene expression was determined by PCR method and GSH and MDA levels by ELISA in retinal tissue samples taken from animals sacrificed under general anesthesia. In our study, the highest retinal SIRT1 expression values were obtained in the diabetes + melatonin (G4) group. The retinal SIRT1 expression values of the diabetes group (G3) were lower than group 4 and higher than the general control (G1) and control + melatonin (G2) groups. Again in our study, the highest retinal MDA values were obtained in the diabetes group (G3). The highest retinal GSH values were obtained in the Diabetes + melatonin group (G4). The results of our study showed that melatonin supplementation has a protective effect on retinal tissue in a diabetic elderly female rat model. This protective effect of melatonin supplementation occurs by increasing both retinal antioxidant activity and retinal SIRT1 gene expression. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric ischemia-reperfusion (GI-R) injury progression is largely associated with excessive activation of the greater splanchnic nerve (GSN). This study aims to investigate the protective effects of GABAB receptor (GABABR) in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) on GI-R injury. Amodel of GI-R injury was established by clamping the celiac artery for 30min and then reperfusion for 1 h. The coordinate of FN and LHA was identified in Stereotaxic Coordinates and then the L-Glu was microinjected into FN, GABAB receptor agonist baclofen, or GABAB receptor antagonist CGP35348 was microinjected into the LHA, finally the GI-R model was prepared. The expression of GABABR, P-GABABR, NOX2, NOX4, and SOD in the LHA was detected by western blot, PCR and RT-PCR. The expression of IL-1β, NOX2 and NXO4 in gastric mucosa was detected by western blot. We found that microinjection of L-Glu into the FN or GABAB receptor agonist (baclofen) into the LHA attenuated GI-R injury. Pretreatment with GABAB receptor antagonist CGP35348 reversed the protective effects of FN stimulation or baclofen into the LHA. Microinjection of baclofen into the LHA obviously reduced the expression of inflammatory factor IL-1β, NOX2 and NOX4 in the gastric mucosa. Conclusion: The protective effects of microinjection of GABABR agonist into LHA on GI-R injury in rats could be mediated by up-regulating the production of GABA, GABABR, and down-regulating P-GABABR in the LHA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Although there has been much research into the cause of stuttering, it has not yet been fully clarified. There is known to be a close relationship between stress severity and stuttering. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of oxidative and nitrosative stress by comparing a stuttering group and a control group. It was also aimed to evaluate the relationship between the oxidative and nitrosative stress levels and the severity of the stutter. Methods The study included a total of 80 individuals, comprising a study group of 40 and a control group of 40. The severity of the stutter in the patient group was evaluated with the Stuttering Severity Instrument 3 (SSI). Blood samples were taken from both the patient and control groups and malondialdehyde (MDA), 3 nitrotyrosine (3-NT), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations were examined. Results In the stuttering patients, MDA, 3-NT, NO, CAT, and SOD activity were determined to be statistically significantly higher than those of the control group (all p:0.001). In the ROC analysis, there was good diagnostic value for NO, with the area under the curve as 1.0. A direct, positive, statistically significant correlation was determined between SSI points and MDA values (r = 0.317, p = 0.046). Conclusion The results of the study showed that the oxidative and nitrosative stress levels of the stuttering patients were higher than those of the control group. With 100% sensitivity and specificity, it is thought that NO in particular could be important for the diagnosis and treatment of these patients. As the severity of the stutter increased, so there was an increase in MDA, suggesting that MDA is important in stuttering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cukurova Medical Journal / Çukurova Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To study Megalobrama amblycephala adaption to water hypoxia, the changes in physiological levels, innate immune responses, redox balance of M.amblycephala during hypoxia were investigated in the present study. When M. amblycephala were exposed to different dissolved oxygen (DO) including control (DO: 5.5mg/L) and acute hypoxia (DO: 3.5 and 1.0mg/L, respectively), hemoglobin (Hb),methemoglobin (MetHb), glucose, Na+, succinatedehydrogenase (SDH), lactate, interferon alpha (IFNα), and lysozyme (LYZ), except hepatic glycogen and albumin gradually increased with the decrease of DO level. When M. amblycephala were exposed to different hypoxia time including 0.5 and 6 h (DO: 3.5mg/L), and then reoxygenation for 24 h after 6 h hypoxia, Hb, MetHb, glucose, lactate, and IFNα, except Na+, SDH, hepatic glycogen, albumin, and LYZ increased with the extension of hypoxia time, while the above investigated indexes (except albumin, IFNα, and LYZ) decreased after reoxygenation. On the other hand, the liver SOD, CAT, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and total ROS were all remained at lower levels under hypoxia stress. Finally, Hif-1α protein in the liver, spleen, and gill were increased with the decrease of oxygen concentration and prolongation of hypoxia time. Interestingly, one Hsp70 isoforms mediated by internal ribozyme entry site (IRES) named junior Hsp70 was only detected in liver, spleen and gill. Taken together, these results suggest that hypoxia affects M. amblycephala physiology and reduces liver oxidative stress. Hypoxia-reoxygenation stimulates M. amblycephala immune parameter expressions, while Hsp70 response to hypoxia is tissue-specific. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bipolar disorder is a chronic illness of which the etiology is not fully elucidated. Recently, in order to understand the pathophysiogy of bipolar disorder, oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurotrophic factors have been widely studied. Although there ara inconsistent results in these studies important findings have been obtained in oxidative stres, inflammatory, and neurotrophic factors biomarkers. In this review, it will be focused on serum or plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammatory, and neurotrophic factors studied in manic episode which is one of the characteristics episode of bipolar disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: İnsanlarda ve diğer canlı türlerinde vücut homeostazını bozmadan, esansiyel besin gereksinimi sürdürülürken alınan kalorinin azaltılmasına kalori kısıtlaması denir. Kalori kısıtlanmasının, obeziteyi önlemenin yanısıra yaşlanmanın gecikmesi ve yaşlanmaya bağlı çeşitli patolojilerin önlenmesi gibi etkilerinin olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada 10 hafta süreyle alınan kalorinin %60 oranında azaltılması şeklinde kalori kısıtlaması uygulanmış ve diet uygulamasının oksidan ve antioksidan belirteçler üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Wistar Albino cinsi, 40 adet, 4-5 aylık, erkek sıçan kullanılmıştır. Normal kilolu kontrol (NK, n=10), normal kilolu kalori kısıtlaması yapılan (ND, n=10), obez kontrol (OK, n=10), obez kalori kısıtlaması yapılan (OD, n=10) gruplar şeklinde 4 grup oluşturulmuştur. Deney başlangıcında normal kilolu grup (NK) 250±20 gr, obez grup (OK) 400±20 gr idi. 10. haftanın sonunda, anestezi altında aorttan kan alınarak deney sonlandırılmıştır. Numunelerden hemolizat hazırlanarak lipid peroksidasyon ürünü MDA, antioksidan enzimler; SOD, KAT ve GSH çalışılmıştır. Bulgular: OD grubu MDA düzeyi, OK grubuna göre anlamlı düzeyde düşük iken, SOD, CAT ve GSH düzeyleri OD grubunda OK grubuna göre anlamlı düzeyde yüksektir (P

Background: Ascorbic acid is a potent natural antioxidant that protects against oxidative stress and performs various bodily functions. It is commonly found in fruits and vegetables., Objective: The manuscript has been written to provide valuable insights into ascorbic acid in managing Alzheimer's disease., Methods: The data has been gathered from web sources, including PubMed, Science Direct, Publons, Web of Science, and Scopus from 2000-2022 using AA, ascorbic acid, Alzheimer's diseases, memory, dementia, and antioxidant Keywords., Results: In the present manuscript, we have summarized the impact of ascorbic acid and its possible mechanism in Alzheimer's disease by, outlining the information currently available on the behavioral and biochemical effects of ascorbic acid in animal models of Alzheimer's disease as well as its usage as a therapeutic agent to slow down the progression of Alzheimer disease in human beings. Oxidative stress plays a significant role in the advancement of AD. AA is a wellknown antioxidant that primarily reduces oxidative stress and produces protein aggregates, which may help decrease cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. The current paper analyses of ascorbic acid revealed that deficiency of ascorbic acid adversely affects the central nervous system and leads to cognitive defects. However, the results of clinical studies are conflicting, but some of the studies suggested that supplementation of ascorbic acid improved cognitive deficits and decreased disease progression., Conclusion: Based on clinical and preclinical studies, it is observed that ascorbic acid supplementation improves cognitive deficits and protects the neurons from oxidative stress injury., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Objective:To evaluate the effects of nasal septal surgery and type of nasal packing used on local and systemic oxidative stress.Methods:Fifteen patients who were scheduled for septoplasty under local anaesthesia with isolated septal deviation were included in the study. Venous blood samples were collected preoperatively, postoperatively upon anterior nasal packaging, immediately after nasal packaging was removed and 2 hours following removal of nasal packaging. At the start of the incision and just after removal of the nasal packaging 2x2-mm sized nasal mucosal samples were taken. Malonylaldehyde (MDA) was measured as a parameter of local oxidative stress, and glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as parameters of the local antioxidant system. Systemic MDA, catalase and nitric oxide were measured.Results:GSH and SOD levels decreased postoperatively in the septal mucosa just after nasal package removal, whereas MDA increased significantly (p

Reaktif oksijen türlerinin (ROS) sağlık üzerindeki patolojik ve fizyolojik etkileri son yıllarda vurgulanmaktadır. Mitokondri tarafından ROS üretiminde oksidatif stresin ana neden olduğu genellikle düşünülmektedir. ROS katalaz, superoksid dismutaz, glutatyon peroksidaz, vitamin C, Vitamin E, vitamin A, pruvat, glutatyon, taurin, hiptaurin gibi antioksidan savunma mekanizmaları tarafından nötralize edilmektedir. Hastalıklarla ilişkili olan oksidatif hasar biyobelirteçleri hastalıkların teşhis ve idaresinde kullanılmaktadır.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), AST, ALT, HBV DNA levels, Knodell histologic activity index, fibrosis score, and platelet counts in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. Material and Methods: The study included 25 patients and 20 healthy controls. Serum AOPP levels were analyzed with the spectrophotometric method using an ELISA kit. AST, ALT, and HBV DNA levels, platelet counts, Knodell histological activity index, and fibrosis scores of the patients were determined. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the patients with CHB infection and the control group in terms of gender, age, ALT, AST, HBV DNA, Knodell activity index, fibrosis score, platelet count and serum AOPP levels (81.42 ± 32.0 micro M/mL and 73.2 ± 21.8 micro M/mL) (P = 0.38), Conclusion: Although no significant association was found between serum AOPP levels and liver transaminases, viral load, liver histologic activity index, fibrosis score, and platelet count, the authors consider that further comprehensive studies are required to determine the importance of serum AOPP levels in patients with CHB infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective.We aimed to evaluate the levels of oxidative stress (OS) parameters such as total antioxidant status or TAS, total oxidant status (TOS), OS index (OSI), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), arylesterase, and total thiol in hypertensive patients with and without asymptomatic organ damage (AOD), and to determine the relationship between these parameters and AOD.Design.Sixty-six patients (21 men, 45 women) with AOD and 66 patients without AOD (21 men, 45 women) were enrolled in the study. Serum OS parameters were measured by colorimetric method.Results.The OSI levels were found to be higher while PON1, PON1/high-density lipoprotein, and arylesterase levels were found to be lower in patients with AOD compared with those in the patients without AOD. Stepwise regression analysis showed high 24-h mean systolic blood pressure, OSI, and low arylesterase level to be independent predictors of AOD.Conclusion.OS level was found to be higher in hypertensive patients with AOD compared with the patients without AOD. However, it is not clear whether increased OS leads to AOD or AOD increases the level of OS. For this purpose, OS level needs to be decreased by antioxidant therapies and patients need to be followed up for a longer duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to determine the effects of organic and inorganic manganese (Mn) at different levels supplemented to diets of the broilers under stocking density stress on bone characteristics, immune response to vaccine and oxidative stress. A total of 1000, day-old broiler chicks were divided into one control group and nine treatment groups, each consisting of 100 chicks. They were randomly located at a density of 0.064 kg/m2 until reaching seven days of age and in the compartments with 2 m2 space at a density of 60 kg/m2 until they are 49 days old. The control group was fed the basal diet only, whereas experimental groups were fed with basal diet supplemented with organic Mn (6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg of Mn-methionine), inorganic Mn (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg Mn-oxide) and organic + inorganic Mn (3.125+6.25, 6.25+12.5 and 12.5+25 mg/kg Mn-methionine + Mn-oxide). There were no changes on days 25 and 49 in terms of physical properties such as humerus, femur and tibia as well as tibia fracture resistance and tibial metaphyseal chondral tissue lenght in all experimental groups (P>0.05). Tibia bone elasticity was higher in the 50 mg/kg Mn-oxide group compared to the control and other groups on day 49 (P<0.05). The serum calcium level on day 25 increased in the 6.25 and 12.5 mg/kg Mn-methionine and 6.25+12.5 mg/kg Mn-methionine + Mn-oxide groups (P<0.01) Antibody titre against Newcastle Disease Virus in Mn-methionine group on day 25 and titer against Infectious Bursal Disease in Mn-methionine and Mn-oxide groups on day 49 were higher compared to the control group (PcO.OI). Serum levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide on day 49 decreased in all exprimental groups whereas serum glutathione level increased in the same groups (P<0.01). As a result, dietary Mn supplementation to broilers hosted at 60 kg/m2 of stocking density increased immune response and antioxidant activity by reducing the impact of density stress; yet, did not affect the physical properties of the bone. The effects of organic and inorganic forms of Mn on the examined properties were concluded to be similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Glucocorticoids have been used in the treatment of a number of diseases due to their widely therapeutic effects. But they have serious side effects. Although glucocorticoid therapy is an effective measure to prevent and treat many diseases in patients, it can cause adverse effects on the cardiovascular system secondary to oxidative stress. It has been suggested that melatonin is a potent antioxidant and that melatonin supplements may protect against such age-related diseases as atherosclerosis, cancer, and Alzheimer disease. In this study, we investigated whether such effects of a single high dose steroid has adverse consequences for the oxidant-antioxidant system of rabbit heart tissue and whether melatonin treatment is protective in the rabbit. For this purpose we measurument some biochemical parameters in the rabbit heart tissue. Methods: Level of malondialdehyde (MDA, a lipid peroxidation product), protein carbonyl (PC, a protein oxidation product) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured from heart tissue samples of all rabbits included in the study. Also antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase activities were measured from heart tissues. In the study, 20 rabbits were used. The rabbits were separated into three groups. Group I: Control group, group II: Methylprednisolone group, group III: Methylprednisolone plus melatonin group. Results: The results of the study; PC levels significantly decreased in methylprednisolone plus melatoninin group compared to the control group (p=0.03). PC levels decreased in methlyprednisolone group compared to the control group and higher than methlyprednisolone + melatonin group but these changes aren't significant statistically. No statistical difference was determined by MDA, NO levels and SOD, GSH-Px, catalase activities of all groups. Conclusion: According to the results of this study we can say that administration of a single high dose methylprednisolone doesn't increase oxidative stress Also, melatonine is a potent antioxidant agent in the heart tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots have a number of current applications in electronics and solar cells and significant future potential in medicine. The aim of the present study was to examine the toxic effects of CdS quantum dots on the marine clam Scrobicularia plana exposed for 14 d to these nanomaterials (10 µg Cd L-1) in natural seawater and to compare them with soluble Cd. Measurement of labile Cd released from CdS quantum dots showed that 52% of CdS quantum dots remained in the nanoparticulate form. Clams accumulated the same levels of Cd regardless of the form in which it was delivered (soluble Cd vs CdS quantum dots). However, significant changes in biochemical responses were observed in clams exposed to CdS quantum dots compared with soluble Cd. Increased activities of catalase and glutathione- S-transferase were significantly higher in clams exposed in seawater to Cd as the nanoparticulate versus the soluble form, suggesting a specific nano effect. The behavior of S. plana in sediment showed impairments of foot movements only in the case of exposure to CdS quantum dots. The results show that oxidative stress and behavior biomarkers are sensitive predictors of CdS quantum dots toxicity in S. plana. Such responses, appearing well before changes might occur at the population level, demonstrate the usefulness of this model species and type of biomarker in the assessment of nanoparticle contamination in estuarine ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1659-1664. © 2015 SETAC [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia among the elderly, is characterized by the progressive decline of cognitive function and has a detrimental impact worldwide. Despite intensive laboratory and clinical research over the last three decades, pharmacological options for the prevention and effective long-term treatment of AD are not currently available. Consequently, successful therapeutic and preventive treatments for AD are needed. When researching materials from natural resources having anti-dementia drug activity, we identified nobiletin, a polymethoxylated flavone from the peel of Citrus depressa. Nobiletin exhibited memory-improving effects in various animal models of dementia and exerted a wide range of beneficial effects against pathological features of AD including amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology, tau hyperphosphorylation, oxidative streβ, cholinergic neurodegeneration and dysfunction of synaptic plasticity-related signaling, suggesting this natural compound could become a novel drug for the treatment and prevention of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Increased serum gamma-glutamyl transferase levels (GGT) have been shown to directly promote oxidative stress. Previous studies have shown the relationship between the dilatation of the ascending aorta and oxidative stress. This study was designed to examine the relationship between serum GGT concentrations with dilatation of the ascending aorta. Materials and Methods: Ninety patients with ascending aortic dilatation and 90 age-sex-matched patients without aortic dilatation were included in the study. The patients were evaluated by a complete transthoracic echocardiographic examination including measurement of the aortic dimensions, where a diameter of 3.7 cm and above was accepted as ascending aortic dilatation. Serum GGT concentration was measured in all patients. Results: In the group with aortic dilatation, HT frequency, serum uric acid, hs-CRP and GGT levels, the LV mass index, and the left atrial volume index were found to be higher than the control group. The logistic regression analysis showed that only HT frequency (OR:1.23, 95% CI 1.11-1.35, p value: 0.02), the LA volume index (OR: 1.34, 95% CI 1.21±1.4, p:0.005) and serum GGT levels (OR: 1.12, 95% CI 1.01±1.20, p:0.03) were found to be independent predictors. There was a significant correlation between serum GGT levels and ascending aortic diameter (r: 0.268, p<0.001). In the ROC curve analysis, AUC was 0.659 (0.580±0.738) for a 23.5 serum GGT cut-off value (64% sensitivity and 53% specificity). Conclusion: We found that serum GGT concentration was significantly associated with ascending aortic dilatation. Large epidemiological studies are required to correlate the findings from this study with clinical outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glaucoma, as a multifactorial, progressive and neurodegenerative group of diseases, ends up visual loss without appropiate treatment. There are cases with optic nerve damage and progression even in the presence of the normal intraocular pressure (IOP). In that case another mechanisms play role. It is possible to stop progression and control ganglion cell loss through understanding these mechanisms. Then effective treatment strategies might be developed. In this article, damage mechanisms shedding light on glaucoma physiopathology, related current treatment methods and the ideas and studies answering the question of what could be done in the future will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclosporin A (CsA) is the most widely used immunosuppressive drug for preventing graft rejection and autoimmune disease. However, the therapeutic treatment induces several side effects such as nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, hypertension, and hepatotoxicity. Curcumin has been successfully used as a potent antioxidant against many pathophysiological states. This experimental study was performed to test, during CsA treatment, the alterations of curcumin antioxidant properties against CsA-induced endothelial dysfunction. Rats were divided into four groups: control, curcumin alone, CsA, and CsA + curcumin; each group containing eight animals. The animals in the CsA + curcumin group were treated with CsA (10 days, 25 mg/kg, orally) and curcumin (15 days, 200 mg/kg, orally, starting 5 days before CsA administration). At the end of the treatments, the animals were killed; serum and aorta tissue were treated for biochemical and morphological analyses. The results indicate that CsA-induced aortic endothelial dysfunction was characterized by morphological and ultrastructural alterations in tissue architecture, changes in malondialdehyde and ferric reducing/antioxidant power levels, and increase in endothelial nitric oxide synthase and terminal-deoxynucleotidyl-transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) expression. In conclusion, our data suggest that the imbalance between production of free oxygen radicals and antioxidant defence systems, due to CsA administration, is a mechanism responsible for oxidative stress. Moreover, we show that curcumin plays a protective action against CsA-induced endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress, as supported by biochemical, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, and TUNEL results. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In our study was investigated the in vitro effects of Colistin(4 μg/ml), alone with the combination of tigecycline( 0.87 μg/ml), imipenem (30 μg/ml) and rifampicin (7 μg/ml) at therapeutic concentrations and malondialdehyde (MDA) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) functions (phagocytic and intracellular killing activity) of patients with bronchiectasis. PMNLs were isolated from venous blood by Ficoll-hypaque gradient centrifugation method. Phagocytic activity and intracellular killing activity were assayed by modified Alexander's method. MDA levels were determinated by Beuge's method, SOD, GSH-Px and MPO activities were assayed by Sun's, Paglia and Valentine's and Hillegas's, methods respectively. All results are statistically evaluated. Phagocytic (p<0.0001), and intracellular killing activity (p=0.0113, p=0.0008, p=0.0014, p=0.0036)in the PMN of patients with bronchiectasis significantly increased when compared to the control. Enzyme activity (SOD, GSH-Px and MPO) and MDA level significantly decreased (p<0.001) in patients with bronchiectasis when compared to the control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aldosterone exerts direct effects on the vascular system by inducing oxidative stress, inflammation, hypertrophic remodeling, fibrosis, and endothelial dysfunction. Aldosterone exerts its effects through genomic and nongenomic pathways in a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)-dependent or independent manner. Other aldosterone receptors such as GPR30 have been identified. A tight relation exists between the aldosterone and angiotensin II pathways, as well as with the endothelin-1 system. There is a correlation between plasma levels of aldosterone and cardiovascular risk. Recently, an increasing body of evidence has underlined the importance of aldosterone in cardiovascular complications associated with the metabolic syndrome, such as arterial remodeling and endothelial dysfunction. Blockade of MR is an increasingly used evidence-based therapy for many forms of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine the preventive and therapeutic effects of thymoquinone (TQ) against cholestatic oxidative stress and liver damage in common bile duct ligated rats. A total of 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control, bile duct ligation (BDL) and BDL + received TQ; each group contain 8 animals. The rats in TQ treated groups were given TQ (50 mg/kg body weight) once a day orally for 2 weeks starting 3 days prior to BDL operation. To date, no more biochemical and histopathological changes on common bile duct ligated rats by TQ treatment have been reported. The application of BDL clearly increased the tissue hydroxyproline (HP) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased the antioxidant enzyme [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] activities. TQ treatment significantly decreased the elevated tissue HP content, and MDA levels and raised the reduced of SOD, and GPx enzymes in the tissues. The changes demonstrating the bile duct proliferation and fibrosis in expanded portal tracts include the extension of proliferated bile ducts into lobules, mononuclear cells, and neutrophil infiltration into the widened portal areas were observed in BDL group. Treatment of BDL with TQ attenuated alterations in liver histology. The immunopositivity of alpha smooth muscle actin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in BDL were observed to be reduced with the TQ treatment. The present study demonstrates that oral administration of TQ in bile duct ligated rats maintained antioxidant defenses and reduces liver oxidative damage and ductular proliferation. This effect of TQ may be useful in the preservation of liver function in cholestasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç: Melatonin, pineal bez tarafından üretilen güçlü bir antioksidan ajandır. Bu çalışmada biz, ratlarda spinal kord iskemisinde melatoninin nöroprotektif etkisini araştırmayı amaçladık. Yöntem: Abdominal aortun oklüzyonu için 30dk süre ile aortic klemp kullanıldı. Çalışmada 24 Winstar erkek rat kullanıldı ve ratlar rastlantısal olarak 4 gruba ayrıldı: kontrol grubu (sham grup, n:5), sham + melatonin verilen grup (10mg/kg melatonin intraperitoneal olarak verildi, n:5), iskemi/reperfüzyon grubu (oklüzyon yapılan ancak herhangi bir farmakolojik ajan verilmeyen grup, n:5), melatonin + iskemi/reperfüzyon grubu (oklüzyon yapılan ve iskemiden 10 dk sonra intraperitoneal olarak 10mg/kg melatonin verilen grup). Spinal kord örnekleri malondialdehit (MDA) analizi için alındı. Sonuçlar: Aort oklüzyonu yapılan grupta, lipid peroksidasyonunun olduğunu gösteren MDA düzeyleri diğer gruplardan belirgin olarak daha yüksekti (p<0.05). Aort oklüzyonu+melatonin verilen grupta da aort oklüzyonu yapılan grup ile karşılaştırıldığında MDA düzeylerinin belirgin olarak azaldığı görüldü (p<0.05). Tartışma: Bu çalışmada biz, melatonin enjeksiyonunun sekonder hasarın etkilerini azalttığını ve hasarlı spinal kordun iyileşmesini kolaylaştırdığını gösterdik. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study is to provide comprehensive information on the relationship between clinically used hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) protocols and its oxidative effects. In order to enlighten this issue, we investigated the effects of various HBO pressure modalities on oxidant and antioxidant parameters in the rat lung. Methods: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups. Group 1 was used as control. Groups 2 to 6 were subjected to 100% oxygen at a pressure of 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 ATA (atmosphere absolute) respectively for 2 hours. The lungs were taken immediately after exposure. Oxidation products of lipids (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS) and proteins (carbonyl formation, PCO), and antioxidant enzyme levels (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT, glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px) were determined. Results: TBARS, PCO, SOD and CAT levels increased concordantly with pressure. Significant change of TBARS levels started from 100% oxygen exposure at 1 ATA (normobaric), but PCO and CAT levels were affected first after 1.5, and SOD activity after 2 ATA. A significant correlation exists between exposure pressure and oxidative parameters. GSH-Px activity was not affected significantly. Conclusion: The oxidative effect of HBO in rat lung presents a positive correlation with increasing exposure pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review aims to focus attention on the bio-oxidative therapy from the very beginning to date. While ultraviolet blood irradiation is now hardly performed, oxygen-ozone therapy, after an empirical stage, has grown to be precise and safe. Meantime, there is a renewed interest in the infusion of a dilute solution of hydrogen peroxide in infectious diseases antibiotic-resistant. On a parallel line of research, hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been already accepted by official medicine for the treatment of specific diseases. Meantime it is unfortunate that, owing to quacks' interest in using ozonated physiologic saline and in claiming to "cure" type-2 diabetes in 20 days with the unprecise rectal ozone administration, ozone therapy is losing hope to be acknowledged as a valid therapeutic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Cadmium (Cd) is an industrial and environmental pollutant that was shown to be involved in the development of some diseases. Due to high amounts of Cd in cigarettes, smokers and passive smokers are exposed to high amount of Cd. We aimed to determine whether Copper (Cu) supplementation would have a protective effect against Cd intoxication in pregnant rats and their fetuses. Methods: Experiments were performed on 27 adult female Wistar albino rats divided into three experimental groups. CdCl2, CdCl2 plus CuSO4 and only drinking water was given to different groups for 21 days. We measured cadmium (Cd), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels in dams'' liver, dams'' kidney, fetus liver, fetus kidney, and placenta of rats. Results: In all tissues of Cd and Cd + Cu-treated groups, Cd levels were found to be increased significantly when compared to control group. MDA levels and MPO activities were significantly increased whereas GSH levels, activities of SOD and CAT were decreased in Cd groups when compared to control group. Cu supplementation significantly prevented the increment in MDA levels and brought MPO activities back to control levels or below. Cd-induced reductions in GSH levels and SOD activities were also prevented by Cu supplementation. An increase of CAT activity after Cu supplementation was enough to revert to the control levels in some tissues. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that Cu supplementation may have a protective effect against the Cd-induced oxidative stress in liver, kidney and placental tissues of pregnant rats and fetuses. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Amyloid related organ dysfunction is a common feature of conditions associated with chronic oxidative injury such as diabetes, inflammation, neurodegenerative disorders, renal failure, and natural aging. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of calcium and zinc-dependent endopeptidases comprised of 23 enzymes in the human. Among these, MMPs 2 and 9 are known as secretable forms, present in all body fluids and susceptible to activation by oxidants. Although MMPs are generally accepted and named for their effect on extracellular matrix turnover, their non-extracellular-matrix targets have emerged recently. Cystatin C (CysC) is a very potent inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, present in all body fluids. Its solubility is determined by its N-terminal sequence. CysC is known to polimerize and form fibrils and has been isolated from amyloids. The CysC isolated from amyloids is in the N-terminal truncated form. My hypothesis regarding amyloid formation is that CysC could be a substrate for MMPs 2 and 9, which upon cleaving the N-terminal off the CysC protein will render it insoluble and promote amyloid formation. Several in vitro studies have demonstrated degradation of CysC by MMPs. The implications of such a degradation in kidney glomerules (where the clearance of CysC occurs) could be of importance for understanding the mechanism of kidney failure e.g. in diabetes. This proposed mechanism for amyloid formation through degradation of CysC by MMPs, can be proposed for all cases of CysC related amyloid formation, such as those seen in cerebrovascular, cardiac and rheumatoid disorders. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: It is suggested that the circadian rhythms of sleep and wakefulness might be related to oxidant/antioxidant status. It has been proposed that free radicals or oxygen reactive species produced during waking are removed during sleep. However, the effects of short and prolonged sleep deprivation on oxidant/antioxidant status in animals are on debate. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 24 hours sleep deprivation on the oxidant/antioxidant status in blood and saliva samples. Methods: Eleven healthy nurse were chosen as the study group, blood and saliva were obtained from the nurses. In these samples, malondialdehyde (MDA), xanthine oxidase (XO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities were measured. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in enzyme activities and MDA levels among the samples taken after the normal sleep and before and after the sleep deprivation. Conclusion: According to the results, it was concluded that 24 hours sleep deprivation did not influence oxidant/antioxidant status in erythrocytes, plasma and saliva from the subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Thiols are essential and potent anti‐oxidant molecules containing a functional sulfhydryl groups are important anti‐oxidants and essential molecules protecting organism against the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species. Oxidative modification of proteins may affect a variety of cellular functions, and cause cell damage and death or mutations and carcinogenesis. Increased oxidative stress in prostate cancer patients may cause metabolic disturbance and have a role in the aetiopathogenesis of prostate cancergroup protecting organism against the harmful effects of oxidative stress damage. Prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) is widely considered as an important biomarker used for diagnosing prostate cancer. In this study we aim that, investigate the relationship between PSA and thiol groups. Material and Methods: 255 male patients (age; 29‐90) applied to Ankara Ataturk Training and Reserch Hospital between 01.09.2016 and 15.04.2017 were included in this study. Parameters of thiol disulphide homeostasis were measured by colorimetric method on an automatic analyzer. PSA and fPSA were measured by electrochemiluminescence assay. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to PSA result (<4 ng/mL, 4‐10 ng/mL, >10 ng/mL). The results were evaluated with Spearman's correlation in SPSS. Results: There was a weak negative correlation and a significant correlation between native thiol and PSA in only group 3 (r= ‐580; p= 0.001). Discussion: There was a weak negative correlation between PSA with Native Thiol. Native Thiol decreases in oxidative stress and PSA increases in prostate cancer. The result shows that oxidative stress has increased as the risk for prostate cancer increases (for group 3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]