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In spite of debate, ambiguity, and tension around teacher dispositions, in the past over two decades, the place of dispositions in initial teacher education (ITE) has been widely supported among policy makers and researchers. Specifically, debate on whether dispositions are teachable has largely given way to action to foster dispositions. Adopting a two-cycle participatory action research design, this study explored ways to teach the first-year teacher candidates' dispositions in an early childhood ITE programme in New Zealand. The intervention included eight focus dispositions and corresponding strategies to teach each focus disposition. Data collection methods included student self-assessment surveys, individual and focus group interviews with students and teaching staff, team meetings, and a variety of pedagogical documentation. Ethnographic content analysis generated three themes: legitimacy of the intervention, experiential orientation of the intervention, and effect of the intervention. The study exemplifies how dispositions intervention can be incorporated in ITE programmes.

To study the chemical constituents of Pteris ensiformis, silica gel, gel, MCI, C18 and other column chromatography were used for separation and purification, and their structures were identified by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS, IR and othe spectral data; the anti-tumor and anti-coagulation activities of some monomers were screened by MTS, APTT, PT and TT. The results were as follows: (1) A total of 15 compounds were isolated from P. ensiformis, the compounds were 2-hydroxy-acetylpyrrole (1), N-(3-carboxypropyl)-2-acetylpyrrole (2), 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine (3), N-methylhydroxylamine (4), pterosin S 13-O-glucoside (5), obtupterosin C (6), ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxokauran-19-oic acid (7), ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxokaur-16-en-19-oic acid (8), β-sitosterol (9), ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxokaur-16-en-19-oic acid-O-glucopyranoside (10), 5, 5′-dibutoxy-2, 2′-bifuran (11), 5, 5′-di (2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-2, 2′-bifuran (12), (-)-loliolide (13), succinic acid (14), fumaric acid (15). Compound 1 is a new natural product of pyrrole alkaloids. Compounds 1-7, 10-15 were isolated from P. ensiformis for the first time, and compounds 1, 3, 4 were isolated from Pteris for the first time. (2) The results of activity test showed that compounds 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 10 inhibited the growth of tumor cells HL-60, A549, SMMC-7721, MDA-MB-231 and SW480 in vitro at a concentration of 40 μmol·L-1, At the concentration of 2.0 mmol·L-1, compounds 1, 2, 3 and 6 shortened APTT and compounds 1, 5 and 6 prolonged PT. The study enriches the chemical constituents of P. ensiformis from Guizhou and provides a material basis for the development of anti-tumor drugs.

The concept "graduate capability" has been created to respond to the trend that tertiary education graduates routinely encounter uncertainty and complexity. Adopting a multiple-site action research design, this study explored ways to address graduate capability across five disciplines in a New Zealand vocational education institution. Participants were 215 students and 21 teaching staff. Data collection included interviews, team meetings, and a variety of pedagogical documentation. Ethnographic content analysis was used for data analysis which generated five discipline-specific approaches to graduate capability intervention. Each approach included five dimensions: selection of focus capability items (FCIs) for intervention, composition of FCIs, strategies to address FCIs, impact of the intervention, and relationship between the intervention and the academic programme. This study not only helps the sampled programmes address graduate capability in an intentional and systematic way, but also offers an operational framework for designing capability intervention programmes in similar settings.

The practical application of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) indeed faces challenges primarily attributed to the inherent side reactions and dendrite growth associated with the Zn anode. In the present work, N‐Methylmethanesulfonamide (NMS) is introduced to optimize the transfer, desolvation, and reduction of Zn2+, achieving highly stable and reversible Zn plating/stripping. The NMS molecule can substitute one H2O molecule in the solvation structure of hydrated Zn2+ and be preferentially chemisorbed on the Zn surface to protect Zn anode against corrosion and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), thereby suppressing byproducts formation. Additionally, a robust N‐rich organic and inorganic (ZnS and ZnCO3) hybrid solid electrolyte interphase is in situ generated on Zn anode due to the decomposition of NMS, resulting in enhanced Zn2+ transport kinetics and uniform Zn2+ deposition. Consequently, aqueous cells with the NMS achieve a long lifespan of 2300 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2, high cumulative plated capacity of 3.25 Ah cm−2, and excellent reversibility with an average coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.7 % over 800 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teacher professional standards are a mechanism to safeguard quality teaching. In the context of Chinese early childhood education (ECE), this study developed a scale for self-assessing teacher competence against professional standards. The study adopted a three-phase design. In Phase 1, in accordance with Professional Standards for Kindergarten Teachers of China, a 60-item questionnaire was generated. In Phase 2, with a homogeneous convenience sample of 323 kindergartens teachers, the pretested 60-item questionnaire was subjected to rounds of exploratory factor analysis, which resulted in a 34-item scale. In Phase 3, with a sample of 1030 kindergartens teachers, confirmatory factor analysis was performed, which confirmed three measurement models including professional knowledge (8 items), professional practice (18 items), and professional disposition (8 items). The study exemplified how professional standards could be used as a tool for teacher self-assessment in ECE in a formalised manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In ventilation systems of metal mines, the real-time measurement of the airflow field and a reduction in pollutants are necessary for clean environmental management and human health. However, the limited quantitative data and expensive detection technology hinder the accurate assessment of mine ventilation effectiveness and safety status. Therefore, we propose a new method for constructing a mine intelligent ventilation system with a global scheme, which can realize the intelligent prediction of unknown points in the mine ventilation system by measuring the airflow parameters of multiple known points. Firstly, the nodal wind pressure method combined with the Hardy–Cross iterative algorithm is used to solve the mine ventilation network, and the airflow parameters under normal operation and extreme working conditions are simulated, based on which an intelligent ventilation training database is established. Secondly, we compared the airflow parameter prediction ability of three different machine learning models with different neural network models based on the collected small-sample airflow field dataset of a mine roadway. Finally, the depth learning method is optimized to build the intelligent algorithm model of the mine ventilation system, and a large number of three-dimensional simulation data and field measurement data of the mine ventilation system are used to train the model repeatedly to realize the intelligent perception of air flow parameters of a metal mine ventilation network and the construction of an intelligent ventilation system. The results show that the maximum error of a single airflow measurement point is 1.24%, the maximum overall error is 3.25%, and the overall average error is 0.51%. The intelligent algorithm has a good model training effect and high precision and can meet the requirements of the research and application of this project. Through case analysis, this method can predict the airflow parameters of any position underground and realize the real-time control of mine safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined variables influencing, and influenced by, emotional labor, as well as its frequency among early childhood teachers. Data were obtained through a multidimensional self-report questionnaire survey with 1,264 early childhood teachers from five provinces in mainland China. Multiple one-sample t-tests revealed that surface acting was significantly less frequently exhibited than deep acting and natural acting. Structural equation modeling (SEM) confirmed that effort, teaching experience had a positive effect on surface acting, and family interference had a negative effect on natural acting. The SEM analysis also confirmed that surface acting had a positive effect on emotional exhaustion and natural acting had a negative effect on low accomplishment and depersonalization. While these results are generally in accord with previous studies, this study portrays a fuller image of emotional labor in early childhood teaching, which supports the current reconceptualization of the early childhood teaching profession. The study has implications for both practice and future research.

Inclusive education has long been implemented in regular educational settings in many jurisdictions including New Zealand (NZ). Since many children with special educational needs (CSEN) are not identifiable in a family environment, to ensure all CSEN are supported in a timely manner, early identification should be an integral component of the inclusive curriculum. Adopting focused ethnography, this study investigated how CSEN were identified within the mandated national curriculum framework in a regular early childhood setting in NZ. The data analysis revealed: (1) A common belief about the importance of early identification was shared by the parents and teachers; (2) A three-step (noticing, assessing, referring, NAR) process of early identification was implemented; (3) The implementation of the NAR process was in compliance with the four principles of NZ's national curriculum framework. The implication of the early identification process was discussed.

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), as a critical factor of chronic cerebrovascular diseases, has greatly influenced the health of patients with vascular dementia. Vitexin, a flavone C-glycoside (apigenin-8-C-[beta]-D-glucopyranoside) that belongs to the flavone subclass of flavonoids, has been shown to possess antioxidant and anti-ischemic properties; however, the putative protective effects of vitexin on the CCH need further investigation. In the current study, the role of vitexin and its underlying mechanism were investigated with permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2VO) in rats as well as mouse hippocampal neuronal (HT22) cells with oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury model. The results demonstrated that vitexin improved cognitive dysfunction as well as alleviated pathological neuronal damage in hematoxylin plus eosin (HE) and TUNEL results. The decreased levels of exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1 (Epac1), Epac2, Ras-associated protein 1 (Rap1), and phospho-extracellular signal- regulated kinase (p-ERK) were reversed by vitexin in rats with CCH. Furthermore, this study indicated that vitexin alleviated CCH- induced inflammation injuries by reducing the expression of NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, interleukin 1[beta] (IL-1[beta]), IL-6, and cleaved caspase-3. In vitro, vitexin increased the expression of Epac1 and Epac2, decreased the activation of the NLRP3-mediated inflammation, and improved cell viability. Taken together, our findings suggest that vitexin can reduce the degree of the progressing pathological damage in the cortex and hippocampus and inhibit further deterioration of cognitive function in rats with CCH. Epac and NLRP3 can be regulated by vitexin in vivo and in vitro, which provides enlightenment for the protection of CCH injury. Key words: vitexin, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion EPAC, NLRP3, inflammation. En tant que facteur essentiel des maladies vasculaires cerebrales chroniques, l'hypoperfusion cerebrale chronique (HCC) a grandement influence la sante des patients atteints de demence vasculaire. On a montre que la vitexine, un C-glycoside de flavone (8-C-[beta]-D-glucopyranoside apigenine) faisant partie de la sous-classe des flavones des flavonoides, est dotee de proprietes anti-oxydantes et anti-ischemiques. Cependant, les effets protecteurs putatifs de la vitexine sur l'HCC meritent d'etre etudies davantage. Les presents travaux portent sur le role de la vitexine et de son mode d'action sous-jacent dans l'occlusion bilaterale permanente des carotides (O2V) chez le rat ainsi que dans un modele de lesions entrainees par une carence en oxygene et en glucose suivie d'une reoxygenation (COG/R) dans des neurones d'hippocampe de souris (HT22). Les resultats ont montre que la vitexine permettait d'attenuer le dysfonctionnement cognitif de meme que les dommages neuronaux pathologiques apprecies aux tests a l'hematoxylineeosine (HE) et de TUNEL. La vitexine permettait d'inverser la diminution des taux de proteines 1 d'echanges activees directement par l'AMPc (Epac1), d'Epac2, de proteines 1 associees au Ras (Rap1) et de phosphokinase regulee par le signal extracellulaire (p-ERK) chez les rats presentant une HCC. En outre, cette etude a montre que la vitexine permettait d'attenuer les lesions inflammatoires engendrees par l'HCC par l'intermediaire d'une diminution de l'expression de NLRP3 (pour << NOD-like receptor3 >>), de la caspase-1, de l'interleukine 1[beta] (IL-1[beta]), de l'IL-6 et de la caspase-3 scindee. In vitro, la vitexine entrainait une augmentation de l'expression d'Epac1 et d'Epac2, une diminution de l'activation de l'inflammation mediee par NLRP3 ainsi qu'une amelioration de la vitalite des cellules. Dans leur ensemble, nos resultats laissent entendre que la vitexine pourrait entrainer un abaissement du degre de progression des dommages pathologiques dans le cortex et dans l'hippocampe, avec une inhibition de la poursuite de la deterioration des fonctions cognitives chez le rat presentant une HCC. L'Epac et NLRP3 pourraient etre regules par la vitexine in vivo et in vitro, ce qui donne un certain eclairage sur la protection contre les lesions liees a l'HCC. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: vitexine, hypoperfusion cerebrale chronique, EPAC, NLRP3, inflammation., Introduction Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is a persistent cerebral blood flow insufficiency caused by various factors, leading to nerve damage and neurological dysfunction in ischemic areas of the brain in [...]