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Introduction. The problem of corruption has acquired a particular importance in light of ubiquitous corruption scandals, entangling both developing and developed countries. Currently, a number of often contradicting hypotheses has been posed on the ways corrupt practices impact protest potential of a society and stability of a political system, as well as on the role of anti-corruption policy in the alleviation of such impact. This article aims to survey and compare different researches analyzing the impact of corruption and anti-corruption policies on different aspects of modern Russian society; in particular, their impact on protest potential and political stability. The author’s hypothesis lies within the assumption that The System anti-corruption policy, which is a prioritized instrument for political and administrative activities of state and municipal authorities in the prevention of corrupt practices, significantly reduces the extent of protest potential and facilitates political stability in a society.Methodology and sources. Methodological basis of this article is a multiparadigm approach to studying the phenomenon of corruption. As part of this research, a raft of empirical research conducted by domestic and foreign authors has been analyzed (E. M. Uslaner, P. Heywood, J. Rose et al.). Authors also use the results of an internet survey conducted with 580 participants (predominantly students of Russian universities) in 2020. The respondents were self-selected, convenience sampling. Manifold research and sociological surveys demonstrate the difficulty of generalizing the results.Results and discussion. Substantial amount of empirical data reflects an adverse effect of corrupt practices on the livelihood of a modern society. These practices entail the decrease in GDP growth rates, avert domestic and foreign investments, amplify social and economic inequality, decrease tax revenue and lead to social welfare underfunding. It ultimately results in the lack of public trust towards state institutions as well as the decrease of generalized trust. Even though there is a positive correlation between endemic corruption and political volatility, the results of other research cast doubt on the extent to which corruption may influence economic development and political stability.Conclusion. In general, the conducted research has allowed for the inference that the prevalence of corrupt practices may either amplify social instability and increase the protest potential or it may have no influence at all on political activity of a society and stability of political regime. At the same time, the implementation of anti-corruption policies by the authorities significantly reduces the level of protest potential and fosters political stability.

Aim. To compare the efficacy and safety of the slow-release isosorbide-5-mononitrate and of the nebivolol in patients with stable angina. Material and Methods. Patients (n=19) with ischemic heart disease (stable angina) were enrolled into randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. They alternatively received nebivolol 5 mg QD or slow-release isosorbide-5-mononitrate 50 mg QD. The drug efficacy was assessed by changes in symptoms, angina attack number , sublingual nitroglycerin need, and treadmill test duration. Results. Patients treated with isosorbide-5-mononitrate shown significant increase in heart rate (HR) at rest in all time check-points in comparison with patients receiving placebo. HR significantly decreased 2 hours after nebivolol intake both single one and after 30 days of treatment (p0.05). No significant differences of these indicators were found between studied drugs. Conclusion. Nebivolol 5 mg daily is not inferior to slow-release isosorbide-5-mononitrate 50 mg daily in antianginal efficacy , significantly reduces HR, and much less causes headache and other side effects.

Importance of the stroke as one of the main reason of population mortality and invalidity is considered. Stroke risk factors including arterial hypertension are described. The main pharmacotherapy ways of primary and secondary stroke prevention are discussed.

The organization of laboratory environmental monitoring in the pre-Olympic period and during the XXII Olympic winter games and XI Paralympic winter games 2014. The results of radiation monitoring during the construction of sports and infrastructure facilities Sochi. Study analyzed the procedure for compliance with hygienic standards and additional indicators of drinking water, food, food raw material and other objects.

Introduction. The impact of street art on the state of space of the modern city is investigated. The object of the research is the modern urban environment considered in the context of the changing perception of street art by the urban population. The aspects of forming a favourable urban environment from the point of view of urban dweller’s stay in it are considered.Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the research is an analytical review of materials reflecting the interaction between art and the viewer in general, and street subculture and the urban dweller in particular. The focus of this paper is the concept of the functionality of the time-changing urban environment and its human perception. The research methodology is based on the analysis of the urban space of Ryazan through the prism of its perception by the urban population. The empirical base contains materials, including a statistical study of the opinion of the target audience of teachers, staff and students of the Ryazan Institute (branch) of the Moscow Polytechnic University regarding the existence of the social phenomenon of street art, its dynamics and impact on public opinion, an interview reflecting the view of the artist Alexander Sinitsyn on the state of the Street art movement in Ryazan and the authors’ own participation as artists in the social project “The City in Colours”, which took place in the summer of 2022. The concrete fence of the railway tracks in Moskovskaya street was the object of creativity.Results. The main factors influencing the perception of street art by the population are revealed, the data of statistical research of the state of public consciousness is carried out, reflecting aesthetic views, social activity, involvement in the processes of transformation of the urban environment, the dynamics of perception of the visual range contained in street art objects. The authors of the paper determined the average level of awareness of residents about the activities of street artists and various works of street art.Conclusions. Street art is a new direction that is undergoing transformation processes, adapting to new trends in the modern structure of society and people’s consciousness. Modern subculture of street art will be in demand on the territory of urban space, thanks to its informational, propaganda and aesthetic component.

Spectra of interband light absorption in InAs/GaAs quantum dots covered by InGaAs quantum wells were investigated experimentally and theoretically. The main peaks in the spectra are connected with electron transitions between ground and excited quantum dot states. The value of an interband absorption cross section was determined. Interband light absorption was also studied under the conditions of interband optical pumping. The photoinduced change of interband absorption for polarized light was studied as a function of interband optical pump intensity and the light amplification was found. The change of absorption, including light amplification, is caused by the occupation of quantum dot states with non-equilibrium electrons and holes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The error of measurements of the dielectric parameters ε and tanδ in a cylindrical cavity resonator supporting the H01p mode by varying the length of the resonator at a constant resonance frequency is considered. The errors in measuring ε and tanδare investigated numerically as a function of the electric thickness of the sample being investigated and its permittivity ε. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article studies the issues related to the problem of sharing by two beneficiaries of a resource with a set of indivisible components. Several types of sharing that consider “envy” and realize it, including through compensatory payments to the beneficiary who does not get the corresponding indivisible component of the resource, have been noted. The difference between the values of possible bonuses at different types of sharing, which are received in addition to the values declared by the beneficiaries, and indivisible components when they are evaluated, has been determined. It has been found in which case it is more favorable for the beneficiary if “envy” is not considered, and vice versa. The method of setting the degree of preference of considering “envy” in the course of distribution of resource components has been proposed, assuming a preliminary agreement of beneficiaries on the use of this method. The result of using it has been analyzed, based on which recommendations to the beneficiaries are formulated, implying additional awareness not covered in the present study. In order to circumvent the issue of uninformedness, indications of one option of its solution have been presented, which can be considered also as possible future directions of research of stochastic nature.

The main approaches to diagnosis and treatment of pain in the back of the elderly are presented. The main place is given to varieties of mechanical pain. Clinical features of non-traumatic compression of the vertebrae, approaches to the diagnosis ostheoporosis fractures are described. The problem of the differential diagnosis of infectious, neoplastic, metabolic damage of the spine is discussed. The main therapeutic approaches to the therapy of acute mechanical back pain are identified.

Objective: to study the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of Artradol in patients with knee osteoarthrosis.Subjects and methods. The investigation enrolled 35 patients of both sexes, mean age 63,45 ± 6,9 years, with stages II and III gonarthrosisand walking pain intensity > 40 mm visual analog scale. All the patients were given Artradol (chondroitin sulfate) intramuscularly every other day in a dose of 0,1 g (the first 3 injections), its fourth injection was 0,2 g used for 2 months. Changes in the WOMAC index, up-and-go test, as well as the need to use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and therapeutic efficiency as viewed by the physician and patient were estimated.Results. The clinical effect of the drug occurred by the average treatment day of 18. Lower needs for NSAIDs were noted in 97 % of the patients;NSAIDs were discontinued in 22 (62 %) cases. There was a statistically significant decrease in the total scores of the WOMAC and up-to-go tests on therapy completion. The therapy resulted in considerable improvement in 97,0 % of the patients.Conclusion. Artradol has high clinical efficacy and safety and a noticeable delayed-acting symptom-modifying effect, which makes it relevant for use in the treatment of gonarthrosis.

Degenerative spine disease is one of the causes of back pain. Clinical types of pain and severity of inflammatory changes in the vertebral bodies depend on the activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Rate of development and progression of degenerative changes in the spine structures is genetically determined. Therapy of pain syndrome associated with a degenerative disc disease may include use of methods to restore damaged intervertebral disc structures, and also use of different combinations of anti-inflammatory and analgesics therapy.

The new gel-sublimation technique for preparation porus biodegradable scaffolds (hydroxybutyrate-co-hydro- xyvalerate) is presented. The scaffolds with multi-mode internal structure have the of porus sizes varied from ~100 microns up to ~100 nanometers and the porosity in a range of 80–90%. A few techniques for modification of 3D scaffolds by gas discharge plasma are developed and optimized: the microsecond dielectric barrier dischar- ge, the semi-self-maintained discharge supported by an electron beam; the nanosecond dielectric barrier dischar- ge. Biological tests including red blood cell hemolysis and cytotoxicity analysis have shown the possibilities of scaffolds applications for cell-based technologies.

The study aimed to investigate the bactericidal eŠcacy of high-intensity pulsed broadband irradiation in the treatment of infected wounds. An experimental study was conducted on 90 mature male Wistar rats. An infected wound model was created by contaminating with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans. Animals in Group 1 received high-intensity pulsed broadband irradiation. Animals in Group 2 received traditional UV irradiation. Animals in Group 3 had their wounds cleaned with 0.1% chlorhexidine solution. By the 3rd day of treatment, animals that received pulsed high-intensity broadband irradiation showed a signifiant reduction in contamination by Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to Group 3. By the 7th day of treatment, half or the majority of animals in Groups 1 and 2 showed complete decontamination of wounds concerning Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Most animals in Group 1 showed complete wound clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. By the 10th day, nearly all animals in Group 1 demonstrated complete decontamination of wounds. Statistical analysis revealed a signifiant difference in the reduction of wound contamination with Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae by the 10th day in Groups 1 and 2 compared to Group 3. Thus, the use of high-intensity pulsed broadband irradiation of wounds reduces the degree of pathogenic microorganism contamination in a shorter time frame.

Background. Pancreaticoduodenal resection (PDR) is the surgical procedure for cancer of the head of the pancreas, distal common bile duct, duodenum and ampulla of Vater. This surgery is associated with a high risk of complications, the development of which can be influenced by various factors. since pancreatic fistula is a key complication of PDR, the choice of the method for pancreatic anastomosis becomes especially important. Material and methods. The search for publications was carried out using the PubMed and Elibrary systems from January 1980 to January 2024. of the 2,300 sources found, 69 were used to write the review. We included data from both retrospective and prospective clinical trials that were devoted to pancreatoduodenectomy for malignant neoplasms, the difficulties encountered in performing this surgery and ways to solve them. Results. Currently, there are more than 60 types of pancreatico-digestive anastomosis, which indirectly indicates the absence of a universal one that ensures the prevention of pancreatic fistula. The treatment outcomes may be influenced by the nature of neoadjuvant treatment, concomitant diseases, anatomical features, presence of obstructive jaundice and methods of its relief. The main mechanisms of influence of negative factors on the development of complications are considered. an individual approach to the patient, taking into account all factors, can significantly reduce the risk of complications.

Державна реєстрація актів цивільного стану є одним із форм публічних послуг у сфері адміністративного права. Публічно-сервісна спрямованість органів виконавчої влади та органів місцевого самоврядування є пріоритетною у процесах децентралізації, які відбуваються сьогодні в Україні. У центрі уваги реформи місцевого самоврядування – людина і, як один з важливих факторів комфорту її життя, є надання якісних адміністративних послуг. Кожного дня в Україні народжуються діти, хтось одружується, хтось розлучається, а хтось помирає. Попри всі труднощі, які є на сьогоднішній день, послуга у сфері державної реєстрації актів цивільного стану є найпоширеніша серед громадян України. Збройна агресія Російської Федерації проти України внесла багато коректив як в наше буденне життя так і життя країни загалом. Законодавець попри всі виклики, намагається полегшити бюрократичні процедури, зокрема і у сфері реєстрації актів цивільного стану. Активно впроваджуються новітні технології, вносяться зміни та доповнення до законодавства у сфері державної реєстрації актів цивільного стану. Незважаючи на значний прогрес законодавства у сфері реєстрації актів цивільного стану, на практиці виникають деякі труднощі, особливо у ситуаціях державної реєстрації шлюбу або розлучення, коли одним з подружжя є військовослужбовець, або якщо один з подружжя перебуває за кордоном, або в зоні активних бойових дій, або на тимчасово окупованих територіях України. Щодо тимчасово окупованих територій то на жаль протягом 10 років збройного конфлікту Україна так і не змогла спростити процедуру легалізації актів цивільного стану виданих на тимчасово окупованих територіях України. У звʼязку з цим, громадян України повинні звертатись до суду аби визнати факти, які мають юридичне значення. Тому необхідно аби законодавець урегулював проблемні питання, які з питанням державної реєстрації актів цивільного стану.

BACKGROUND: Among different subtypes of pancreatogenic diabetes mellitus the biggest difficulties of glycemic control arise in patients after total duodenopancreatectomy (TDPE), first of all due to the presence of absolute insulin insufficiency.AIM: Estimating safety and cost-effectiveness Guardian Connect CGM system in early postoperative period in hospitalized patients after TDPE on continuous intravenous insulin therapy (CIVIT).MATERIALS AND METHODS: Glucose measurement results of 26 patients in early postoperative period after TDPE were analyzed. In 12 of them, we used Guardian Connect CGM system. In this group 43 cycles (1 cycle — 6 days, 258 days total) of CGM and 971 glucometer measurements used for CGM calibration were analyzed; in other 14 patients in whom only glucometer was used we analyzed 2496 glycemic values.Cost-effectiveness was calculated over 6 days for CGM and only glucometer use (including cost of CGM, glucometers, disposable materials, clinic wage-costs to medical staff for time required for glucose control).RESULTS: Glucose levels of group #1 were in the target range 5.6 to 10.0 mmol/L (66.7 vs 61.2%, p=0.003) and the range 4.3–11.6 mmol/L (85.2% vs 82.2%, p=0.038) more than in comparison with group #2.The frequency of hypoglycemic episodes (

The article touches upon issues related to the tasks of the national project «Smart City». The paper analyzes the problem of supplying a conditional consumer with heterogeneous products in accordance with his demand for deliveries from several suppliers in a situation with fixed surcharges, in addition to the cost of purchasing each unit of production. For the situation under study, a model of a reduced transport type with a discontinuous piecewise linear objective function of minimized total costs and with a system of linear constraints is constructed. A method for finding the optimal solution one of the many such solutions, based on the ideas of the Hungarian algorithm is proposed, the justification of which is given on the basis of the corresponding lemma. A refinement of the method is presented in the presence of some restrictions related to suppliers. The polynomial complexity of the method, i.e. the problem is quickly solvable, and the significant limitation of the applicability of the method within the framework of the model are noted. Further possible research directions of a stochastic or fuzzy nature are indicated.

Актами цивільного стану є дії та події, які виникають та започатковують, змінюють, доповнюють або припиняють нерозривно повʼязані з фізичною особою та можливістю бути субʼєктом цивільних прав та обовʼязків. До державного реєстру актів цивільного стану громадян в обовʼязкому порядку вносяться відомості: про народження; про усиновлення; про позбавлення та поновлення батьківських прав; про реєстрацію шлюбу; про розірвання шлюбу; про зміну імені; про смерть фізичної особи. Уповноважені органи, які наділені повноваженнями здійснювати державну реєстрації актів цивільного стану є органи державної реєстрації актів цивільного стану (центральний орган виконавчої влади у сфері державної реєстрації актів цивільного стану, відділи державної реєстрації актів цивільного стану Головного управління юстиції Міністерства юстиції України в Автономній Республіці Крим, головних управлінь юстиції в областях, містах Києві та Севастополі, районних, районних у містах, міських (міст обласного значення), міськрайонних управлінь юстиції (надалі – ДРАЦС); виконавчі органи сільських, селищних рад та міських, які не відносяться до міст обласного значення), та дипломатичні представництва і консульські установи України. Актовий запис цивільного стану – це державний документ уповноваженого органу здійснювати державну реєстрацію актів цивільного стану, в якому міститься персональні відомості про особу та підтверджує факт здійснення такої дії або події. Протягом останніх двох років держава значно спростила державну реєстрацію актів цивільного стану. Так зокрема передбачена можливість подачі заяви про реєстрацію шлюбу через Єдиний державний веб порталу електронних послуг (Портал «Дія»), також якщо одним з подружжя є військовослужбовець державна реєстрація шлюбу може проводитися відділами державної реєстрації актів цивільного стану без особистої участі такого нареченого (нареченої), та можливість державної реєстрації актів цивільного стану у дипломатичних установах. Повномасштабне вторгнення РФ в Україну спровокував безпрецедентний потік українців, які були вимушені внаслідок бойових дій тікати з України за кордон. За інформацію Омбудсмена України станом на 2022 рік за кордон виїхало 14,5 мільйона українців. Точні дані зʼясовуються. Однак, багато громадян, які перебувають за кордоном зіштовхуються з проблемами, щодо державної реєстрації актів цивільного стану у дипломатичних установах, що унеможливлює їх повноцінно реалізувати своє право.

Background. Colorectal cancer is among the most lethal and prevalent malignances in the world. The management of localized colorectal cancer is highly debated. Surgical resection of the rectum, such as total mesenteric excision (TME) is usually associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The integration of various chemotherapy options into the standard treatment of localized rectal cancer could potentially enhance the tumor control with a subsequent reduction in the frequency of recurrence, thus improving overall and disease-free survival. Moreover, there are categories of patients for whom surgical treatment is contraindicated and chemotherapy will be more useful for them. Although rectal cancer is predominantly a disease of older patients, current guidelines do not incorporate optimal treatment recommendations for elderly patients with comorbidities; therefore this issue remains a matter of debate.Aim. We aimed to consider alternative approaches to the treatment of localized rectal cancer and the management of selected patients with this diagnosis.Material and Methods. We searched for publications in the Pubmed, eLibrary databases and up-to-date information on the basis of world cancer associations.Conclusions. Comparison of surgery with concurrent chemoradiotherapy for localized rectal cancer showed that in some cases neoadjuvant therapy can be useful and successful, acting as an ideal alternative. However, this approach may be suitable for selected patients who meet certain criteria. In addition, a follow-up care after treatment should include a specific range of diagnostic imaging tests.

The problem of laryngeal papillomatosis remains unsolved for a long time in spite of a number of proposed treatment techniques. Frequent relapses, persistent hoarseness, repeated surgical intervention, all these call for new solutions. The article describes the findings of the study involving 50 patients of advanced age with laryngeal papillomatosis who were treated with a new method at I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University and leading clinics of the Moscow region.

A new way of developing a mathematical model of the dynamics of the factors forming the considered social, political, economic, ecological or other space of life activity of society, depending on local changes in parameters affecting these factors, is presented. A feature of the proposed approach is the use of a matrix of marginal values included in the study that make up the Jacobi matrix of noted factors. The dependence of the factors describing the socio-economic system on the parameters of the model is obtained in explicit form. Under certain conditions, the described relations have the form of mappings close to extension. A generalized assessment of these transformations is proposed. Accounting for this assessment is important for preventing crisis phenomena. The model is intended to be used for informational, forecasting, management and governance purposes in the presence of a sufficient digitalization’s degree of public structures, without which it is problematic to receive and transmit data for building the model, and perform related calculations.

Aim. Search and selection of microorganisms with active enzymatic properties for possible biodestruction of pyrethroids.Materials and Methods. For effective screening and selection of the most active isolates, for the subsequent development of biotechnological methods for the destruction of pesticides and reduction of their toxicity, samples of the phylosphere and rhizosphere of agricultural crops, food products, etc. were taken. The isolates were evaluated by intracellular metabolism and the production of exoenzymes. The isolated microorganisms were identified on the basis of the "Bergi Bacteria Determinant". Screening of microorganisms for the development of biotechnological methods to reduce the toxicity of ecotoxicants included the following stages: selection of sources, sampling, seeding on a dense medium for isolation of pure culture, replanting of pure culture and investigation of biological properties of isolated strains.Results. In order to search for microorganisms capable of utilising pyrethroids, isolates of microscopic fungi and bacteria were obtained. Of the 23 selected strains, 12 had the widest spectrum of activity, while 5 strains showed the most pronounced and stable antagonistic activity against pathogenic microorganisms at various temperature parameters from 30°C to 42°C (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus). For the selected strains, the environment was optimised to activate cellular metabolic processes. The activity of amylases, proteases, xylanases and cellulases of the fungus Trichoderma, and proteases of L. plantarum, L. lactis, B. subtilis and Propionibacterium was evaluated. Studies of the effect on the synthesis of hydrolytic enzymes of various concentrations in the culture medium in the presence of xylan polysaccharides, cellulose, starch and casein protein were carried out.Conclusion. Toxicological studies of the selected isolates and of a composition consisting of these isolates in the form of a culture suspension on the simplest stylonychia were carried out. Biotesting on isolated aquatic microorganisms (Trichoderma, L. plantarum, L. lactis, B. subtilis and Propionibacterium) showed that the percentage of dead infusoria (S. mytilus) in both the experiment and the control showed no significant differences. A microbiological composition has been created that can be used to protect the environment when exposed to toxicants of agrotechnogenic origin. The selected strains were tested for the possibility of biodegradation of pyrethroids using the example of cypermethrin.

Background. An increase in the incidence of optic neuritis (ON) among the workingage population, the complexity of etiological diagnosis and the choice of adequate etiotropic therapy, as well as a disappointing prognosis for vision due to the development of optic nerve atrophy determines the high social significance of this problem.The aim. Comprehensive clinical, functional, morphometric and laboratory-immunological evaluation of results of using the drug Imunofan® in combined treatment of ON associated with herpesvirus infection (HVI).Materials and methods. The study involved 39 people (39 eyes) with acute ON associated with HVI. The standard treatment regimen for the patients included the appointment of solutions: dexamethasone in a decreasing scheme, a 1 % Emoxypine® preparation 0.5 ml and 12.5 % Dicynone® preparation 0.5 ml through an irrigation system implanted into the retrobulbar space, with subsequent appointment of medicinal means of neuroprotection (Picamilon® and Semax®). All patients were divided into two groups. The main group – 22 patients, whose standard inpatient treatment was supplemented with intramuscular administration of the drug Imunofan®, 50 μg daily for 10 days. The control group consisted of 17 patients, who were treated only according to the standard method.Results. Analysis of obtained data showed that more significant positive dynamics was noted in patients of the main group.Conclusion. The clinical efficacy of the drug Imunofan® in the complex therapy of ON associated with HVI was characterized by relief of signs of inflammation in the optic nerve in the main group immediately after the end of the course of treatment, while in the control group – only after 3 months; an increase in the best corrected visual acuity by 1.3 times, a decrease in the incidence of postneuritic optic nerve atrophy at a follow-up period of 12 months.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSP) is a heterogenous disease. We have earlier detected differences in severity of clinical manifestations, cellular infiltration degree shown in nasal polyps, of eosinophil-to-neutrophil ratio, efficacy of intranasal glucocorticosteroid baseline therapy, and various inflammatory patterns for several cytokines on the mRNA expression level in different phenotypes with isolated CRSP cases, CRSP associated with respiratory allergy (RA), or non-allergic bronchial asthma.The purpose of this work was to study the cytokines of TGF-â family in the tissues of nasal polyps in patients with different CRSP phenotypes. The research involved 292 patients suffering from CRSP divided into 3 phenotypic groups. Group I consisted of patients with isolated CRSP free of associated BA and/or sensitization to atopic allergens. Group II included patients with CRSP combined with respiratory allergy and was further divided into two subgroups. I.e., Group 2a comprised patients with CRSP, allergic BA (aBA), and allergic rhinitis (AR), while the patients with CRSP, AR, and non-allergic BA were placed to the group 2b. The patients suffering from CRSP complicated with non-allergic BA were allocated to the group III. The patients with hypertrophic rhinitis served as control. The levels of TGF-â1, TGF-â2, and TGF-â3 proteins (pg/mg) were measured by means of multiplex immunoassay approach in supernates of tissue homogenates from nasal polyps removed by surgery, and in posterior parts of inferior nasal conchae. The total protein level was determined in tissue supernatant, with cytokine contents recalculated for the mg/ml protein concentration for standardization of measurements.In the control group, trace concentrations of all three growth factors were detected. Significant difference in protein contents was found for the studied cytokines, depending on CRSP phenotype. The levels of TGF-â1 and TGF-â2 were statistically lower in isolated CRSP than in other groups of comorbid CRSP patients. TGF-â1 and TGF-â2 concentrations were significantly lower in CRSP + allergic BA group IIa than in CRSP + nonallergic BA and CRSP + RA groups. The amount of TGF-â3 cytokine was maximal in CRSP + non-allergic BA group III compared to the patients with isolated CRSP of group I and CRSP + non-allergic BA group 2a.Conclusions.The high level of all three TGF-â isoforms in patients with CRSP compared to the control group suggested a high potential of mucous membranes of paranasal sinuses for active tissue remodeling followed by nasal polype formation.Different mechanisms were presumed for development of local pathological process in different clinical phenotypes of CRSP, depending on the comorbid pathology, especially, BA or respiratory disorders.Minimal TGF-â1 and TGF-â2 levels were detected in isolated CRSP.The highest concentrations of TGF-â1, TGF-â2, and TGF-â3 were discovered in the patients with CRSP accompanied by non-allergic BA as compared to the groups with isolated CRSP and CRSP+allergic BA.5. Determination of TGF-â1, TGF-â2, and TGF-â3 levels can serve as an additional criterion for differentiating between the mechanisms of mucous membrane damage in local pathological process in tissues of comorbid patients with different CRSP phenotypes.

Purpose. To assess increasing the functional effectiveness of the results of endovitreal surgery in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) by using modern pharmacotherapy drug in the postoperative rehabilitation.Material and methods. 108 people (108 eyes) with RRD. All patients underwent standard three-port vitrectomy, after which tamponade of the vitreous cavity with silicone oil with its removal 3 months after operation was performed. Patients were divided into 2 groups: the first – 60 people who received Cytoflavin on the background of standard therapy, and the second – 48 people with postoperative treatment only with standard therapy. Depending on the visual prognosis calculated before the operation, both groups were represented patients with satisfactory (A subgroup) and low (B subgroup) visual prognosis. Laser Doppler fluometry (LDF) was used to study chorioretinal microcirculation: microcirculation index and microcirculation efficiency index were recorded. Using OCT angiography (OCT-A), signs of macular ischemia were investigated: choroidal thickness, area nonperfusion of foveal avascular zone, density in the superficial capillary plexuses and density in the deep capillary plexuses in the macular area.Results. The inclusion of Cytoflavin in the postoperative rehabilitation of patients with RRD increases the possibility of a favorable functional outcome of the operation, affects the positive dynamics in the state of the capillary plexus in the macula. In the aggregate of patients of the 1st group, the increase in visual acuity was 2 times higher than in patients of the 2nd group 6 months after surgery. Also, in patients of the 1st group there was a more significant activation of chorioretinal blood flow according to LDF and OCT-A.Conclusion. The prescription of Cytoflavin in the postoperative treatment of patients underwent endovitreal surgery of RRD, regardless of the visual prognosis, increases the functional outcome of the operation. Improvement in visual functions in patients receiving Cytoflavin therapy is directly related to improved intraocular blood flow and macular perfusion.

The article proposes methods of searching passenger travel routes in conditions where one or more optimization criteria must be taken into account in the presence of a pedestrian system and multi-type transport systems with their topologies, sets of parameters and tariff plans. The author carried out the research by means of mathematical modeling of the transport system in the form of its deterministic graph model. The author chose Dijk-stra's algorithm as the basic algorithm, on the basis of which the modifications of the previous ones were carried out and the construction of a new search technique was carried out. As a result, the study obtained algorithms for solving single-criteria and multi-criteria problems on graphs. For multicriterial problems, the author used the convolution method and the method of ordering criteria by the degree of decreasing their significance. The field of application of the developed algorithms is information systems focused on the end user and on the structures that design and manage transport networks.