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The article explores the role of the theory of «rules of recognition» by Oxford professor H.L.A. Hart in the contemporary theory of Anglo-American legal positivism, introduced by him in his central work «The Concept of Law» (1961), which has a significant influence on contemporary legal theory and philosophy. The authors reveal the content and meaning of the concept of «rules of recognition» as part of the secondary rules-«rules about rules» or «procedural rules» which determine the criteria for the validity of law along with the «rules of change» and the «rules of adjudication» in H.L.A. Hart’s terminology. The authors demonstrate the correlation with the «Grundnorm» of German legal philosophter H. Kelsen, which is more common in the Ukrainian legal theory, and which justifies the existence of constitutional norms as fundamental ones which determine the recognition of law by society and its individuals. The authors analyze the main positions of H.L.A. Hart’s followers-J. Raz, M. Kramer, B. Bix, S. Shapiro and others-regarding this theory and highlights the criticism of its individual provisions. The authors highlight how H.L.A. Hart tried to explain by the «rules of recognition» how law at the fundamental level is a matter of social convention (agreement between people inside the inhabited society), defending one of the components of legal positivism-the thesis of social fact (social sources of law thesis). The authors examine the interdependence between law and coercion by the State, the role of social practice in society’s subordination to law, the role of moral norms in the formation of law, in particular, the «rule of recognition», the correlation between the concepts of «rule of recognition» and «legal validity», and the problem of law enforcement by judges and governmental officials of the «rule of recognition». The authors summarize how H.L.A. Hart eliminates morality from the content of law in motivating judges and governmental officials to apply the rules of law, clarifies the position of legal positivism on the issue of the grounds for society’s submission to law, and demonstrates how the «empirical» theory of recognition prevails over the «analytical» theory, using R. Alexy terminology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The full Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (ITPS) has yet to be empirically tested. • However, the ITPS provides explanation, clinical utility, and predictive validity. • The IPTS may be intensified by non-humanness, lack of agency, and discrimination. • Minoritized people may benefit by integrating the IPTS and Minority Stress Theory. In this state-of-the-science review, we summarize the key constructs and concepts within the interpersonal theory of suicide. The state of the scientific evidence regarding the theory is equivocal, and we explore the reasons for and some consequences of that equivocal state. Our particular philosophy of science includes criteria such as explanatory reach and pragmatic utility, among others, in addition to the important criterion of predictive validity. Across criteria, the interpersonal theory fares reasonably well, but it is also true that it struggles somewhat—as does every other theory of suicidality—with stringent versions of predictive validity. We explore in some depth the implications of the theory and its status regarding people who are minoritized. Some implications and future directions for research are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Philosophers have in recent years displayed an increasing interest in investigating folk metaethical beliefs using rigorous empirical methods. Taken together, these studies put significant pressure on many philosophical theories that depend on the truth of folk moral objectivism, the view that the folk see morality as objectively grounded. Frequently included among the target of criticism is Mackie's error theory, or more specifically the conceptual claim thereof. Finding this criticism misplaced, Benjamin Fraser tries to exonerate error theory from such accusation by distinguishing different senses of objectivity. In this paper, I show why Fraser's strategy is not successful so that the pressure empirically brought upon classical error theory is genuine. However, I also argue that even on the new picture suggested by experimental studies, the folk still entertain erroneous beliefs, which, when coupled with plausible metasemantic assumptions and further empirical support, should warrant an error theory after all, though not in its classical form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, photographs and visualisations of glacier retreat have become emblematic images of climate change and its ecological consequences. This paper presents glacier photography as a subtype of environmental photography. I argue that photographs and photographic projects that focus on glacial retreat are best conceived not only as strategies for proving climate change or as visual rhetoric for social transformation, but also as a practice that potentially plays an integral role in dealing and coping with human-induced environmental loss. To this end, I draw on praxeological accounts in theory of photography and philosophy of art as well as some exemplary photographic projects to develop a framework to analyse glacier photography. With the help of this praxeological framework, multiple orientations in glacier photography are identified: epistemic, aesthetic, emotional and evocative, social, ethical, and political orientations. All these photographic orientations, I argue, point in their own way to the process and consequences of glacial disappearance and loss. The framework presented innovatively brings together scholarship on climate change visualisation, imagery and art, the theory of photography, and philosophical aesthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review article surveys recent work in political theory that has brought together biopolitics and the COVID-19 pandemic. Centered on 2021 books by Giorgio Agamben and Benjamin Bratton, the essay outlines prominent visions of "negative" (Agamben) and "positive" (Bratton) biopolitical responses to the pandemic, engages public reactions to these approaches, and reassesses the position of biopolitical thinking in light of these. In doing so, the article recalls the foundations and original interventions of biopolitical theory, calling for a renewed engagement with the perspectives afforded by biopolitics that pushes past the negative/positive binary. Ultimately, the essay gathers together major developments in biopolitical thinking today, counters moves to discard the theoretical approach despite the limitations of recent examples, and repositions biopolitics as an ambivalent tool for political thought and practice going forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper bridges contemporary neuroscience theories and Hegelian philosophy, centering on Karl Friston's Free Energy Principle (FEP). Neuroscience models like the Bayesian brain hypothesis and predictive coding depict the brain as a predictive machine, echoing Hermann von Helmholtz's concept of unconscious inference, where perception is shaped by prior knowledge. The FEP, rooted in information theory and statistical physics, suggests organisms minimize sensory surprise through unconscious and active inference, providing a model for behavior and explaining the purposiveness of biological systems. Some scholars assert that Georg W. F. Hegel's view of living beings in his Philosophy of Nature aligns with the FEP, portraying them as purposive and enactive systems. This paper extends this idea, proposing that Hegel's 'System of Science' in the Phenomenology of Spirit functions as a free energy-minimizing system. It discusses predictive coding and the FEP, establishing criteria for a system that minimizes free energy, and applies these criteria to Hegel's work. The paper argues that the dialectical narrative in the Phenomenology operates as a reflective system driven to minimize logical or conceptual free energy, ultimately advancing the spirit towards absolute spirit. This Hegelian predictive model generates expectations essential for dialectical progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay is split into two thought experiments. The first will be to diffract ressentiment through the works of Gloria Anzaldúa and Édouard Glissant. I will create a bridge with decolonial thought by interpreting Anzaldúa's concept of the nopal de castilla and mestiza consciousness through the interpretive lens of ressentiment to show the affinity that exists between the work of Anzaldúa and Nietzsche. I then look at ressentiment through some of the concepts Glissant offers in the Poetics of Relation. I argue that ressentiment resists the creolization of identity and culture, and that Glissant's demand for the right to opacity for all signals the overcoming of ressentiment. The second experiment diffracts ressentiment through Eduardo Viveiros de Castro's Cannibal Metaphysics , beginning with an analysis of the most relevant points of that text for our discussion, then putting our diffracted ressentiment in conversation with the Brazilian anthropologist's post-structural interpretation of Amerindian perspectivism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present article we try to examine the relationship between Plato's theory of Ideas and his political and ethical thoughts. First, we present an outline of the genesis of the theory of Ideas in "Meno", "Phaedo", and "Republic". Then, we go on to examine Plato's political and ethical thoughts in "Apology", "Protagoras", "Gorgias" and again "Republic". The study results in the conclusion that Plato's "cave allegory" is the climax of both his theory of Ideas and his politico-ethical thoughts. A close reading of "Cave Allegory" and comparing its main ideas with the crucial problems of "Protagoras" and "Gorgias" reveals the politico-ethical character of the theory of Ideas. Contrary to the sophists who think they are the locus of Truth, Socrates only keeps open the abyss of truth and makes the student turn around it. In "The Symposium", Alcibiades calls this "madness of philosophy". In the end, we try to provide a possible answer to Nietzsche's and Popper's reproaches to Plato and show that there may be a possible immanent reading of Plato's theory of Ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizational change research has shown how change processes in organizations connect sequentially to form a trajectory of change through time; however, research has yet to offer an understanding of how ongoing organizational change integrates more distant change processes across time to shape the organization's long-term trajectory. To better understand the dynamics between ongoing change and the shaping of trajectories, we refer to change processes as turning points, arguing that turning points are immanent to – and formative of – trajectories. We define turning points in terms of their definitional, directional and curvilinear features, which we relate to the shaping of organizational change trajectories. Drawing on Deleuze's concept of the fold and the distinction between actual and singular events, we theorize how actors connect past and future turning points of the trajectory as singular events into enacting the actual events of the current turning point. Inspired by Deleuze's conception of the fold, we then develop a theoretical framework for the shaping of organizational change trajectories at turning points. This framework contributes to current change research by explaining how ongoing change processes give shape to trajectories of change that subsequently shape the ongoing process of change. It also contributes to the literature by proposing a more dynamic and central role of continuity in change. Finally, our use of Deleuze's concept of the fold enables us to suggest how theorizing actors' movement through time may extend current process views of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central to the particularist project, one that has become the consensus in the philosophy of conspiracy theory theory, is the claim that a general dismissal of these things called `conspiracy theories' is unsustainable. That is, if we want to say a conspiracy theory is suspicious such that we should not believe it, then we have to engage in at least some investigation of it. Particularists have detailed just why a general attitude of skepticism towards conspiracy theories is implausible; they have, in effect, created the case against generalism. The case for particularism, then, has largely been about challenging and rebutting generalist arguments. But what of the bigger picture? If particularists argue that we should not assume conspiracy theories are mad, bad, or dangerous but, rather, investigate them, then how should we go about that investigation? In this paper I describe (some) of the preliminary concerns the particularist (and the generalist) needs to account for when developing an ethics of investigation into these things called `conspiracy theories.' Whilst this paper does not provide a framework for the investigation of conspiracy theories, it provides the framework for such a framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This introduction to this special issue of Inquiry looks at recent work in the philosophy of conspiracy theory theory. Looking at two related worries expressed in the wider conspiracy theory theory (the academic study of conspiracy theories) – the Problem of Conspiracy Theories and the Problem of Conspiracy Theorists – this special issue argues that recent work in the philosophy of conspiracy theories is getting all the more closer to not just an epistemic understanding of what, if anything, is wrong with belief in conspiracy theories, but also a framework for both investigating conspiracy theories and understanding how we should talk about the beliefs of conspiracy theorists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is devoted to the problem of describing reality in the language of mathematics and logic in connection with intellectual intuition. The question raised is how the basic requirements of mathematical theory and logic will change if some of the multiverse models of modern physics are taken as the basis. Mathematics is considered in the context of various historical approaches. It is shown that some of the well-known requirements of a formal theory (such as consistency) may begin to play a different role if the multiverse hypothesis is accepted. In the framework of theories based on the idea of multiple worlds, the logical consequence, the natural law of Duns Scotus, the law of excluded middle, and other well-known facts of classical logic which in some cases cause controversy due to their intuitive unacceptability are resolved. The paper discusses an approach based on paraconsistent logics: such logics can be considered the first to correspond to multiverse theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In conspiracy theory philosophy the primary debate has been epistemic, but the concern is now also shifting to the ethical and political implications of taking conspiracy theories seriously. This shift is epitomized in the work of Quassim Cassam, whose focus has moved away from the epistemic faults of the theories and theorists to the political function of conspiracy theories. This function, he argues, is to ‘express and promote an ideology’, specifically, racist, antisemitic, and extremist ideology. In this essay, I will challenge two of Cassam’s assumptions. First, I will disagree with his claim that racist conspiracy theories ought to be treated dismissively as a class. This is due in part to the difficulties in defining racist conspiracy theories and due in part to what I call the Conspiracy Theory Location Problem, which is the challenge of identifying what constitutes ‘the theory’. In response, I suggest we need to be even more particularistic about ‘instances’ of a theory. Second, I disagree that the only function of conspiracy theories is to promote racist ideology. Instead, I argue that there exists a class of antiracist conspiracy theories that resist white supremacy by uncovering racist conspiracies and challenging racist institutions, systems, and ideologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on commemorating the prolific philosopher Nicholas Rescher, emphasizing his commitment to pluralism as a unifying theme in his extensive body of work. Pluralism, defined as the integration of divergent perspectives to seek truth, guided Rescher's advocacy for a relatively free market economy alongside a limited welfare state, while rejecting rigid ideological systems.

In this paper, I develop an account of linguistic content based on the active inference framework. While ecological and enactive theorists have rightly rejected the notion of content as a basis for cognitive processes, they must recognize the important role that it plays in the social regulation of linguistic interaction. According to an influential theory in philosophy of language, normative inferentialism, an utterance has the content that it has in virtue of its normative status, that is, in virtue of the set of commitments and entitlements that the speaker undertakes by producing this utterance. This normative status is determined by the normative attitudes shared by members of the utterer's linguistic community. I propose here an account of such normative attitudes based on the ecological interpretation of the active inference framework. I explain how social normativity can be understood in that framework as the way in which members of a group shape their social niche to make it more predictable. Finally, I apply this account of social normativity to basic communicative practices, thereby explaining how social normative expectations can emerge to regulate these communicative practices, eventually leading to the institution of the sort of normative statuses constitutive of linguistic content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review essay critically examines Emily Jones’ Feminist Theory and International Law: Posthuman Perspectives, which develops “posthuman feminism” to diagnose the exclusionary humanism and anthropocentrism of international law. It unpacks key elements of Jones’ approach, her critique of international law’s foundations, and her attempt to move “beyond liberal legalism.” While tensions arise between Jones’ theoretical framework and reform proposals, her insistent bridging of theory and practice demonstrates posthuman feminism’s potential for inspiring creative re-imaginings of legal praxis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Academy is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The emotion of admiration and the semantic theory of natural kinds and direct reference are foundational for Linda Zagzebski's exemplarist moral theory and divine motivation theory. Many have examined difficulties that arise from the central role of admiration, while others have engaged her account of the incarnation. Little attention has been given to her semantic theory or philosophy of language. This essay demonstrates the difficulties and problems that arise from this theory, problems that could be avoided with a sociopractical account of language and exemplarity. One set of problems pertain to the "principle of the division of linguistic labor." Related problems come to light in Zagzebski's attempt to account for radical changes in perceptions of exemplars through social, political, and ethical revolutions. In the end, her semantic theory creates the very epistemological uncertainties that it is meant to forestall. It also fails to account for radical disagreements about exemplars and the role moral exemplars play in sociopolitical and ethical revolutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article serves as an introduction to the special section "Vulnerability: An Interdisciplinary Trialogue," which brings together three researchers who have made important contributions to the field of vulnerability studies from different perspectives and in different disciplines: Elodie Boublil, Kate Brown, and Erinn Gilson. At the outset, the article discusses some characteristic features of the current discourse on vulnerability, in particular the question of why the concept of vulnerability is not only very popular but is also often used in such a diverse and vague manner. In addition to an increased multidisciplinary interest, transdisciplinary conflicts over fundamental epistemological, ontological, and methodological positions are identified as an essential factor; furthermore, the plurality and vagueness of the notion are attributed to an increasing "duplication" of vulnerability as an academic concept on the one hand and as an element of cultural semantics and political discourse on the other. The special section discusses this peculiar mixture of popularity, plurality, and vagueness of the vulnerability concept in an interdisciplinary, reflexive, and critical manner. The introduction outlines key aspects of the three contributions to the trialogue and highlights some convergences and common themes. At the end, the three authors are also briefly introduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, I relate the Dialogical Self Theory with the philosophy of Taoism. For that purpose, I instance the premises of Taoism such as that human being use open ideograms (signs and symbols) that grow constantly in their meaning, that the meaning of life can be only unraveled if the unity of opposites is integrated in one's worldview and that the human being listens to his natural intuition and does not force himself to do things (wuwei = effortless action which has its origins in Laozi's TaoTeChing). When those premises are applied to the Dialogical Self Theory, psychologists can help people to develop a harmonious self because the self is operationalized as an open system that is constantly in flux of meaning. Hidden I-positions might be shifted to the foreground while helping the human being to listen to a multitude of positions and to not act in a rigid fashion. In order for scientists and practitioners to use the insights of what I call the Dialogical Self of Taoistic Dynamics, I propose an open interview guide that could help people to realize their harmonious pluralistic self. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite human geography's sophisticated analyses and overwhelming focus on space, time in its various guises has certainly not been absent in the literature. The same cannot be said for historical geography, which is particularly interesting as its main concern is purportedly with space and place in and across other times. In response, this paper examines the ontology and epistemology of time in "modern" historical geography since the early 2000s and does so in discussion with recent developments in theory and philosophy of history, specifically the notion of 'new presentism'. An idea which broadly posits that the past and the future do not exist as separate categories but are always projections of specific presents, they exist as the present's own immanent modes. This is achieved by adopting Robert Dodgshon's concept of the 'specious present' in order to (1) affirm, albeit on different epistemological grounds, the partiality, situatedness and contingency of historical geographies as well as the embodied and performative nature of archival labour; (2) offer an accessible conceptual tool in thinking about the role of time in the practice of future historical geography research; and finally (3) suggest that thinking historical geography as a practice in and through the 'specious present' makes questions of ethics, accountability, and politics of knowledge production both central and inevitable, as opposed to just being examples of "good practice" or worse still, being completely sidestepped by virtue of an imagined spatio-temporal distance between the bygone past and the present moment of research. • Examines the ontology and epistemology of time in the subdiscipline of human geography. • Provides an explanation for the field's lack of engagement with time in its investigations. • Offers a onto-epistemic framework for incorporating the specious present in historical-geographical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Causation has traditionally been an under-theorized topic. Until Hendrickson's work, very little effort had been devoted to creating a compelling theory of causation in intelligence analysis. In line with the recent attempts to integrate intelligence theory with philosophy, this article is intended to contribute to the philosophy of intelligence by defining a dedicated account of causation for it. The Unified Theory for Intelligence Analysis, as this account of causation is named, is intended to integrate into a single account Betts' Normal and Exceptional Theories as well as Hendrickson's target challenges. It is then proved that a pluralistic account of causation that combines both counterfactual and probabilistic accounts of causation is the most successful option. Finally, it is shown that Bayesian tools are the natural manifestation of this Unified Theory, and that Subjective Logic can help refute criticism against Bayesianism in intelligence analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I argue that ensuring artificial intelligence (AI) retains alignment with human values over time is critical yet understudied. Most research focuses on static alignment, neglecting crucial retention dynamics enabling stability during learning and autonomy. This paper elucidates limitations constraining provable retention, arguing key gaps include formalizing dynamics, transparency of advanced systems, participatory scaling, and risks of uncontrolled recursive self‐improvement. I synthesize technical and ethical perspectives into a conceptual framework grounded in control theory and philosophy to analyze dynamics. I argue priorities should shift towards capability modulation, participatory design, and advanced modeling to verify enduring alignment. Overall, I argue that realizing AI safely aligned throughout its lifetime necessitates translating principles into formal methods, demonstrations, and systems integrating technical and humanistic rigor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jiří Levý's article Translation as a decision process (1967), one of the earliest contributions to the topic of decision-making in translation, anticipates a model that was proposed more than two decades later: Optimality Theory. This linguistic theory offers a framework for resolving conflicts in grammar by replacing absolute rules with violable constraints whose interaction leads to the selection of an acceptable output. The philosophy of Optimality Theory can be successfully applied to the process of translatorial decision-making, which consists in proposing a set of candidates and selecting the best one by virtue of constraints imposed by the translation strategy adopted. The article shows how such a constraint-based approach can be used in legal translation. A tentative set of constraints (Minimum equivalence, Near-equivalence, Literal, Identity, Functional, Transparent, Neutral) is used to evaluate French translation candidates for an English legal term, applying two different strategies: documentary (source-culture oriented) and instrumental (target-culture oriented). The formalism of Optimality Theory, while mimicking real-life decision-making processes, makes the selection of optimal equivalents more transparent and coherent. However, it is only one of the possible tools that legal translators and translation students have at their disposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this comment, I will deal with Edgar Maraguat's reading of Hegel as a precursor to one prominent theory in contemporary philosophy of biology: the organizational account of biological functions. I will show how Maraguat's account of Hegel's conception of natural teleology fits into the contemporary debate. Finally, I will bring forward exegetical objections to this reading of Hegel and systematic objections to the structural basis that is supposed to justify natural teleology and which, according to Maraguat, Hegel's conception of the organism and that of the organizational account have in common. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a contemporary trend to apply the General Theory of Modal Aspects developed by Herman Dooyeweerd to different areas of knowledge. However, such uses do not always pay attention to the complexities of the theory, especially its empirical-transcendental nature and its broader framework in the Philosophy of the Cosmonomic Idea. This article is the outcome of qualitative bibliographic research with a basic, descriptive, and explanatory nature.The research adopted a survey of bibliographic data as its data collection instrument.The article seeks to demonstrate that the strictly methodological applications of the General Theory of Modal Aspects are limited for the following reasons: (1) terms such as ‘ontology’, ‘transcendental’ and ‘law’ are used without further clarification; (2) the ontic nature of modal aspects, of being meaning, permeates traditional ways of dividing philosophy into subdisciplines; (3) Dooyeweerd's ideas have a high degree of complexity in themselves; and (4) the idea of totality has a double connotation: one temporal (as cosmic coherence), the other as supratemporality. To this end, we have organized the article into four sections. In section 1 we briefly present the applications of the General Theory of Modal Aspects, specifically the work developed in Brazil in the fields of Education and Philosophy of Science. In section 2, we present some principles and assumptions of Dooyeweerd's thought and situate his General Theory of Modal Aspects within the Philosophy of the Cosmonomic Idea. In section 3 we discuss the idea of reality ordered by laws. In the last section, we highlight the boundaries of the methodological approach of this article in relation to the author's broader religious horizon of thought. We conclude by showing that Dooyeweerd's work contains an empirical-transcendental dimension, which concerns a priori totalities that structure reality and can only be known and affirmed through experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Framing, a prominent communication theory, is often lamented as a fractured paradigm, leading some to offer radical changes to its conceptualization, operationalization, and application. Using a meta-theoretical and computational approach, we analyze three decades of framing research to examine academic silos, specializations, the canon's formation, gender inequalities, authors' origins, countries studied, and methods used in framing research. Instead of silos, our analysis of 5,291 papers and over 170,000 citations identified specializations formed around a core of canonic texts. While framing research has become more diverse over the years, males affiliated with U.S. institutions still predominately author canonical works. Results reject the isolated-silos hypothesis in favor of a view of framing as a bridging networked paradigm, coalescing around core assumptions, definitions, and approaches. These findings contrast with the common fractured-paradigm narrative and challenge calls for radical solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is sometimes argued that ideal theories in political philosophy are a form of ideology. This article examines arguments building on the work of Charles Mills and Raymond Geuss for the claim that ideal theories are cognitively distorting belief systems that have the effect of stabilizing unjust social arrangements. I argue that Mills and Geuss neither succeed in establishing that the content of ideal theories is necessarily cognitively defective in the way characteristic for ideologies, nor can they make plausible which mechanisms ensure the alleged negative effects of the widespread acceptance of ideal theorizing. This does not mean that all hope is lost for the ideology objection, however. By turning to a second Marxian model of ideology, I argue that the ideological character of ideal theories is not so much a matter of their content, but rather of their form. Ideal theories falsely present the normative concepts that they use as semantically practice-independent and thereby block potential challenges from subordinate groups to dominant ideologies. It is therefore not the normative content of ideal theories which proves to be objectionable, but the particular role their concepts play in wider political discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to find out the existential elements in the Selected Characters of The Prologue to the Canterbury Tales by Chaucer. Further, the study analyzes the existential themes of freedom, choices, and bad faith as presented by the existential philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre. The Selected characters are Friar, The Summoner, The Wife of Bath, and The Knight. Chaucer's The Prologue to the Canterbury Tales though written in the fourteenth century, has universal appeal. The themes, dilemmas, and conflicts presented through the fourteenth-century characters are for all ages. These characters have traces of being existential characters. Existentialism as a theory or philosophy emphasizes the importance of freedom and choices made by man. Chaucer's character which comprises of different classes, professions, and gender assert their sense of freedom in many ways and hence falls either into the category of being-in-itself or being-for-itself. Existentialism is used as a methodological framework for the textual analysis of the Prologue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I will argue that various scholars of kalām unanimously agree that sense-perception is something beyond the physical processes in the sense organs. There may be something happening in our eyes when we see a red apple, but seeing a red apple is not tantamount to it. We will see that some scholars of kalām argue that sense-perception is akin to being aware or conscious of the object of perception, and, hence, distinct from the physical process in the sense organs. One group will go so far as to accept that sense-perception is not even dependent on any physical processes in the body. Another group will accept that sense-perception presupposes that various physical conditions obtain, yet still regard sense-perception as something distinct from the occurrence of those conditions. I am suggesting that these nonreductive theories of sense-perception are the reason why Arabic-Islamic philosophers, starting from the eleventh century CE, consistently reject the Aristotelian-Avicennian theory of sense-perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Johann Gottlieb Fichte's thinking is part of the Sattelzeit, in which the foundation for the modern use of important concepts is laid. The stages of Fichte's philosophy and his various theories of religion and Christianity reflect attempts to determine the function of religion in a modern society. Important is the philosophical foundation of religion, which is transformed from a moral theology based on Kant to a unified theory of the philosophy of mind. Fichte thus offers an alternative to Hegel and Schelling. This alternative has only been taken up in Protestant theology at a small number of points, but all the more intensively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enchantment of things has been found in the long tradition of Chinese literary narrative. This article explores the three salient ways Chinese people have developed of thinking about and writing about their (imagined) relationship with the things around them, i.e., Bo Wu 博物, Gan Wu 感物, and Guan Wu 观物. In the Bo Wu tradition, people described strange things that may or may not have existed in the actual world, and in doing so, they displayed either their extensive knowledge of these things, or the fertility of their imagination; in the Gan Wu tradition, people tried to express some kind of emotional attachment to things, and conceived of them as being able to feel like humans; and in the Guan Wu tradition, people tried to lose themselves in the contemplation of the world of things. The three Chinese traditions are reconsidered in this article in relation to the relevant Western lines of thought and particularly to emerging thing theory in Western philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article explores how the concept of metacognition has evolved, from its philosophical origins to current interdisciplinary applications. The paper transversally traces, how metacognitive theories have been integrated by various fields. First of all, is emphasized the progressive character of the development of the metacognitive theory; second, the features that establish it as an independent theory are highlighted. Finally, the article explores current and future concerns, trends and directions in research. Thus, the following discourse exploratively investigates how metacognition with its ancient history on ''thinking about thinking'', have been innovated by various current scientific fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This reflective article, moving between social theory and philosophy, focuses on the conception of Bourdian social criticism and its political potential. Starting from some objections to his vision of how criticism works, especially those that affirm that it implies an objectivist notion of cognition and the agency of people, it becomes clear that they are based on an erroneous perception of Bourdieu's idea of the levels at which criticism occurs. His understanding of the semantic struggle that social critique requires and what it implies to change the dominant configuration of the social is then explored. Finally, it is affirmed that this conception of criticism, although far from objectivism, still retains a certain intellectualist inclination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Philosophical discussions on cognition (ranging from computational and representational approaches to the 4E framework), on the one hand, and those on sound and auditory perception, on the other, have hitherto remained apart. In this paper, the author addresses the concept of "auditory cognition". While committing to the conceptual analysis of the latter, the author introduces the discussion of modality-specific approaches. Since the contributions made so far in the domain of the philosophy of sound and auditory perception are prone to favor computational-representational approaches --e.g., the perceptual coherence model (Méndez-Martínez, 2022)--, the exploration of 4E possibilities will lay down a series of questions aimed to encourage future developers from that viewpoint. In that sense, the author explores conceptual entailments and connections between the genealogy of theories within the philosophy of sound and auditory perception, and the hypothesis of the extended cognition (EX). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Orbis Scholae is the property of Charles University Prague, Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praxis Filosófica is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is a response to critics of Sami Pihlström's book, "Toward a Pragmatist Philosophy of the Humanities." Pihlström argues that pragmatism offers a promising framework for understanding the humanities, emphasizing the valued-dependence of human inquiry and proposing a qualified realism. He addresses criticisms regarding the reliance on the philosophy of science and the concept of truth in the humanities, encouraging further exploration of the relationship between philosophy and the humanities. The author also acknowledges the need for interdisciplinary research and clarifies their stance on the study of religion and the Holocaust, condemning Holocaust denialism. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Er(r)go: Teoria, Literatura, Kultura is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Slaskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contrastes: Revista Internacional de Filosofia is the property of Contrastes: Revista Internacional de Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Vicarious responsibility is a notoriously puzzling notion in normative reasoning. In this article we will explore two fundamental issues, which we will call the "explication problem" and the "justification problem". The former issue concerns how vicarious responsibility can plausibly be defined in terms of other normative concepts. The latter issue concerns how ascriptions of vicarious responsibility can be justified. We will address these two problems by combining ideas taken from legal theory and moral philosophy. Our analysis will emphasise the importance of the voluntary involvement of the normative parties considered liable in a relation with other normative parties who causally contributed to a prohibited state-of-affairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Wittgenstein Studien. Neue Folge is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although Hobbes presents his political philosophy as an original theory and without conceptual debts with tradition, a study on his solid humanist training, up to 1630, shows that some theoretical considerations of the Greek and Roman authors are present, although with the cloak of language scientist, in key concepts of the modern philosopher. This article deals with the appropriations that Hobbes has made of two classic historians: Tacitus and Thucydides. The first will show Hobbes how to build a new political configuration, the empire, emerged from civil wars; while the second, how is human nature when man does not recognize a power greater than himself. In these two classical authors, then, the reasons for political order and disorder are presented respectively, a knowledge that will be taken up with interest by the modern philosopher. These appropriations, on the one hand, allow establishing a doctrinal affiliation between Hobbes and these classical authors; and, on the other hand, rethinking the link between tradition and modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book "Psychotherapy of the situation in gestalt therapy: A field-oriented approach" edited by Margherita Spagnuolo Lobb and Pietro Andrea Cavaleri offers a fresh perspective on Gestalt theory and philosophy. Divided into two parts, the book analyzes key issues of our time and provides case studies on psychopathological situations in the clinical field of human relations. It emphasizes the need for a new community perspective in practice, particularly in our post-pandemic world. The book also explores the history of Gestalt therapy and its evolution, while providing specific tools and examples for translating theory into practice. [Extracted from the article]

What happens when intuition becomes algorithmic? This article explores how approaching intuition as recursively trained sheds light on what is at stake affectively, politically, and ethically in the entanglements of sensorial, cognitive, computational and corporate processes and (infra)structures that characterise algorithmic life. Bringing affect theory and speculative philosophies to bear on computational histories and cultures, I tease out the continuing implications of post-war efforts to make intuition a measurable and indexable mode of anticipatory knowledge. If digital computing pioneers tended to elide the more ambivalent implications of quantifying intuition, this article asks what computational myths are at play in current accounts of machine learning-enabled sensing, thinking, and speculating and what complexities or chaos are disavowed. I argue that an understanding of more-than-human intuition which grapples meaningfully with the indeterminacy central to digitally mediated social life must recognise that visceral response is recursively trained in multiple ways with diverse, and often contradictory, effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the philosophical implications of Béla Tarr's The Turin Horse (2011) by attending to the thematic and aesthetic configuration of its sequence shots. The film's durational images, I suggest, perform a gathering and nihilating of presence whereby the existence of the subject is repeatedly affirmed and questioned. I read this dynamic, over and above figurative and diegetic parameters, as metaphysical. In line with its Nietzschean framing and de-creational structure, and in distinction from the hermetic living that characterises Damnation (1988), Satantango (1994) and Werckmeister Harmonies (2000), I posit the film's catastrophic vision of the end of the world as revelatory. Placing stylistic analysis in dialogue with film theory and the philosophies of Nietzsche and Heidegger, I argue that Tarr's strategies of attention (on the subject) and reversal (of the action and cinematography) puncture narrative chronology, exposing the spatiality and temporality that structure our existence. For this, I align with Heidegger's thinking on metaphysics and the relation between art and truth. I establish the grounds for a compatibility between Heidegger's philosophy and the worthiness of cinema by appealing to the ontological purpose it attributes to certain works of art and technology. The presencing and absencing of The Turin Horse's in turn phenomenal and abyssal sequence shots, I conclude, produces a renewal of ground that illuminates questions of human fragility, freedom and emancipation, attuning us to the responsibilities of our being in a shared world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text was written first in Dutch in 2011. It is an adaptation of my BA thesis for the University of the Arts in Utrecht and I am still very excited that I wrote it in the way that I did, because it was written within an educational context of great creative freedom. This is to say that many of the things I state about language are based on experience working as a writer for stage productions, performance and poetry. I allow myself to play with language, and create my own terminology as I go along; a terminology of my own, based in my own practice – this is what still makes it a valuable text to me and hopefully to others, one I would never be able to produce again in the same way. I had a bigger ability to wonder, and less knowledge, for instance about Mieke Bal's concept of focalization, to lean back on. I continued my studies after writing this, which means that a lot of the theory on language philosophy could have been backed up by a more specified theoretical framework. It is important to keep this in mind while reading this publication. If anything, it is an invitation to take a look anew at the material of a writer: language, vocabulary. I would like to invite you to consider this while reading. This text comes from a source of genuine wonder about words and what they might mean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kant-Studien is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper defends Priorianism, a theory in the philosophy of time which combines three theses: first, that there is a metaphysical distinction between the present time and non-present times; second, that there are temporary propositions, that is, propositions that change in truth-value simpliciter over time; and third, that there is change over time only if there are temporary propositions. Priorianism is accepted by many Presentists, Growing Block Theorists, and Moving Spotlight Theorists. However, it is difficult to defend the view without appealing to premises that those who reject the view find controversial. My aim in this paper is to defend Priorianism in a way that largely avoids appealing to such premises. I do three things: first (Section 1), I describe the component theses of Priorianism and the relations between them. Next (Section 2), I show how Priorians can respond to the argument that the B-theory implies that there are temporary propositions, and therefore satisfies the Priorian condition for there being change over time. Finally (Section 3), I defend the Priorian thesis that there is change over time only if there are temporary propositions against an alternative principle of change defended by Ross Cameron (The Moving Spotlight, 2015). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]